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Hofstee P, Lum JS, Chow YY, Wittwer MR, Arstall M, Dekker G, Clifton VL, Wright IM, Kelly MA, Ecroyd H. Urine congophilia associated with preeclampsia does not persist 6-months postpartum. Placenta 2024; 147:52-58. [PMID: 38316084 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a common hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Several studies have demonstrated that protein aggregates, detected through urine congophilia, is associated with preeclampsia; however, it has yet to be investigated whether urine congophilia remains postpartum in these women. In this study, we aimed to augment prior studies and determine whether urine congophilia is present postpartum. METHODS Women were recruited from Lyell McEwin Hospital, South Australia. Urine samples were collected during pregnancy and 6-months postpartum from women with non-preeclampsia pregnancies (n = 48) and women with pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (n = 42). A Congo Red Dot blot test, total protein and creatinine levels from urine, as well as serum Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 to placental growth factor ratio (sFlt-1:PlGF), were assessed and correlated. RESULTS Preeclamptic women exhibited increased urine congophilia (P < 0.01), sFlt-1:PlGF ratio (P < 0.0001) and total protein (P < 0.01) during pregnancy; with a positive correlation between urine congophilia and total protein across the entire cohort (P < 0.0001). Although urine congophilia was no longer detected 6-months postpartum in preeclamptic women, total protein remained elevated (P < 0.05). sFlt-1:PlGF ratio during pregnancy was positively correlated with congophilia across the cohort (P = 0.0007). Serum creatinine was also higher in preeclamptic women during pregnancy (P < 0.001). DISCUSSION These results support that urine congophilia is significantly elevated in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia and show that it does not continue postpartum, although larger cohort studies are needed to determine its feasibility as a diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hofstee
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; The Tweed Hospital, Northern New South Wales Local Health District, Tweed Heads, NSW, Australia
| | - J S Lum
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Y Y Chow
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Elizabeth Vale, SA, Australia
| | - M R Wittwer
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Elizabeth Vale, SA, Australia
| | - M Arstall
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Elizabeth Vale, SA, Australia
| | - G Dekker
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Elizabeth Vale, SA, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - V L Clifton
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Pregnancy and Development Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - I M Wright
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - M A Kelly
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - H Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Mayer MP, Blair L, Blatch GL, Borges TJ, Chadli A, Chiosis G, de Thonel A, Dinkova-Kostova A, Ecroyd H, Edkins AL, Eguchi T, Fleshner M, Foley KP, Fragkostefanakis S, Gestwicki J, Goloubinoff P, Heritz JA, Heske CM, Hibshman JD, Joutsen J, Li W, Lynes M, Mendillo ML, Mivechi N, Mokoena F, Okusha Y, Prahlad V, Repasky E, Sannino S, Scalia F, Shalgi R, Sistonen L, Sontag E, van Oosten-Hawle P, Vihervaara A, Wickramaratne A, Wang SXY, Zininga T. Stress biology: Complexity and multifariousness in health and disease. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:143-157. [PMID: 38311120 PMCID: PMC10939078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Preserving and regulating cellular homeostasis in the light of changing environmental conditions or developmental processes is of pivotal importance for single cellular and multicellular organisms alike. To counteract an imbalance in cellular homeostasis transcriptional programs evolved, called the heat shock response, unfolded protein response, and integrated stress response, that act cell-autonomously in most cells but in multicellular organisms are subjected to cell-nonautonomous regulation. These transcriptional programs downregulate the expression of most genes but increase the expression of heat shock genes, including genes encoding molecular chaperones and proteases, proteins involved in the repair of stress-induced damage to macromolecules and cellular structures. Sixty-one years after the discovery of the heat shock response by Ferruccio Ritossa, many aspects of stress biology are still enigmatic. Recent progress in the understanding of stress responses and molecular chaperones was reported at the 12th International Symposium on Heat Shock Proteins in Biology, Medicine and the Environment in the Old Town Alexandria, VA, USA from 28th to 31st of October 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Laura Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gregory L Blatch
- Biomedical Research and Drug Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Thiago J Borges
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumors, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aurélie de Thonel
- CNRS, UMR 7216, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, Paris, France; Univeristy of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Albena Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Adrienne L Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Takanori Eguchi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Sotirios Fragkostefanakis
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Jason Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Pierre Goloubinoff
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer A Heritz
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Christine M Heske
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hibshman
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jenny Joutsen
- Department of Pathology, Lapland Central Hospital, Lapland Wellbeing Services County, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Michael Lynes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Marc L Mendillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nahid Mivechi
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Fortunate Mokoena
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Yuka Okusha
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Elizabeth Repasky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sara Sannino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Reut Shalgi
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Emily Sontag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | | | - Anniina Vihervaara
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anushka Wickramaratne
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shawn Xiang Yang Wang
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, VCU Comprehensive Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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Ecroyd H, Bartelt-Kirbach B, Ben-Zvi A, Bonavita R, Bushman Y, Casarotto E, Cecconi C, Lau WCY, Hibshman JD, Joosten J, Kimonis V, Klevit R, Liberek K, McMenimen KA, Miwa T, Mogk A, Montepietra D, Peters C, Rocchetti MT, Saman D, Sisto A, Secco V, Strauch A, Taguchi H, Tanguay M, Tedesco B, Toth ME, Wang Z, Benesch JLP, Carra S. The beauty and complexity of the small heat shock proteins: a report on the proceedings of the fourth workshop on small heat shock proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:621-629. [PMID: 37462824 PMCID: PMC10746627 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fourth Cell Stress Society International workshop on small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), a follow-up to successful workshops held in 2014, 2016 and 2018, took place as a virtual meeting on the 17-18 November 2022. The meeting was designed to provide an opportunity for those working on sHSPs to reconnect and discuss their latest work. The diversity of research in the sHSP field is reflected in the breadth of topics covered in the talks presented at this meeting. Here we summarise the presentations at this meeting and provide some perspectives on exciting future topics to be addressed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Raffaella Bonavita
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Yevheniia Bushman
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ciro Cecconi
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR-NANO, Center S3, Modena, Italy
| | - Wilson Chun Yu Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan D Hibshman
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joep Joosten
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
- Department of Neurology and Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Rachel Klevit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Krzysztof Liberek
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kathryn A McMenimen
- Program in Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Tsukumi Miwa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Axel Mogk
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 282, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Montepietra
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR-NANO, Center S3, Modena, Italy
- Department of Department of Chemical, Life and Environmental sustainability sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carsten Peters
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggio, Italy
| | - Dominik Saman
- Department of Chemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Sisto
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Valentina Secco
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annika Strauch
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Morgan Tanguay
- Program in Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Melinda E Toth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Serena Carra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Marzano NR, Paudel BP, van Oijen AM, Ecroyd H. Real-time single-molecule observation of chaperone-assisted protein folding. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eadd0922. [PMID: 36516244 PMCID: PMC9750156 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The ability of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) molecular chaperones to remodel the conformation of their clients is central to their biological function; however, questions remain regarding the precise molecular mechanisms by which Hsp70 machinery interacts with the client and how this contributes toward efficient protein folding. Here, we used total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) to temporally observe the conformational changes that occur to individual firefly luciferase proteins as they are folded by the bacterial Hsp70 system. We observed multiple cycles of chaperone binding and release to an individual client during refolding and determined that high rates of chaperone cycling improves refolding yield. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DnaJ remodels misfolded proteins via a conformational selection mechanism, whereas DnaK resolves misfolded states via mechanical unfolding. This study illustrates that the temporal observation of chaperone-assisted folding enables the elucidation of key mechanistic details inaccessible using other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Marzano
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Bishnu P. Paudel
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Antoine M. van Oijen
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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Selig EE, Lynn RJ, Zlatic CO, Mok YF, Ecroyd H, Gooley PR, Griffin MDW. The Monomeric α-Crystallin Domain of the Small Heat-shock Proteins αB-crystallin and Hsp27 Binds Amyloid Fibril Ends. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167711. [PMID: 35777462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperones present in all kingdoms of life that inhibit protein misfolding and aggregation. Despite their importance in proteostasis, the structure-function relationships of sHSPs remain elusive. Human sHSPs are characterised by a central, highly conserved α-crystallin domain (ACD) and variable-length N- and C-terminal regions. The ACD forms antiparallel homodimers via an extended β-strand, creating a shared β-sheet at the dimer interface. The N- and C-terminal regions mediate formation of higher order oligomers that are thought to act as storage forms for chaperone-active dimers. We investigated the interactions of the ACD of two human sHSPs, αB-crystallin (αB-C) and Hsp27, with apolipoprotein C-II amyloid fibrils using analytical ultracentrifugation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The ACD was found to interact transiently with amyloid fibrils to inhibit fibril elongation and naturally occurring fibril end-to-end joining. This interaction was sensitive to the concentration of fibril ends indicating a 'fibril-capping' interaction. Furthermore, resonances arising from the ACD monomer were attenuated to a greater extent than those of the ACD dimer in the presence of fibrils, suggesting that the monomer may bind fibrils. This hypothesis was supported by mutagenesis studies in which disulfide cross-linked ACD dimers formed by both αB-C and Hsp27 were less effective at inhibiting amyloid fibril elongation and fibril end-to-end joining than ACD constructs lacking disulfide cross-linking. Our results indicate that sHSP monomers inhibit amyloid fibril elongation, highlighting the importance of the dynamic oligomeric nature of sHSPs for client binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Selig
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Roberta J Lynn
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Courtney O Zlatic
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Yee-Foong Mok
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Paul R Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Claesson K, Chew YL, Ecroyd H. Exploiting flow cytometry for the unbiased quantification of protein inclusions in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurochem 2022; 161:281-292. [PMID: 35170035 PMCID: PMC9541147 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of proteins into inclusions or plaques is a prominent hallmark of a diverse range of pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases. The quantification of such inclusions in Caenorhabditis elegans models of aggregation is usually achieved by fluorescence microscopy or other techniques involving biochemical fractionation of worm lysates. Here, we describe a simple and rapid flow cytometry‐based approach that allows fluorescently tagged inclusions to be enumerated in whole worm lysate in a quantitative and unbiased fashion. We demonstrate that this technique is applicable to multiple C. elegans models of aggregation and importantly, can be used to monitor the dynamics of inclusion formation in response to heat shock and during ageing. This includes the characterisation of physicochemical properties of inclusions, such as their apparent size, which may reveal how aggregate formation is distinct in different tissues or at different stages of pathology or ageing. This new method can be used as a powerful technique for the medium‐ to high‐throughput quantification of inclusions in future studies of genetic or chemical modulators of aggregation in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Claesson
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Yee Lian Chew
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Rice LJ, Ecroyd H, van Oijen AM. Illuminating amyloid fibrils: Fluorescence-based single-molecule approaches. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4711-4724. [PMID: 34504664 PMCID: PMC8405898 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of proteins into insoluble filamentous amyloid fibrils is a pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases that include Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Since the identification of amyloid fibrils and their association with disease, there has been much work to describe the process by which fibrils form and interact with other proteins. However, due to the dynamic nature of fibril formation and the transient and heterogeneous nature of the intermediates produced, it can be challenging to examine these processes using techniques that rely on traditional ensemble-based measurements. Single-molecule approaches overcome these limitations as rare and short-lived species within a population can be individually studied. Fluorescence-based single-molecule methods have proven to be particularly useful for the study of amyloid fibril formation. In this review, we discuss the use of different experimental single-molecule fluorescence microscopy approaches to study amyloid fibrils and their interaction with other proteins, in particular molecular chaperones. We highlight the mechanistic insights these single-molecule techniques have already provided in our understanding of how fibrils form, and comment on their potential future use in studying amyloid fibrils and their intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Rice
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Antoine M. van Oijen
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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8
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San Gil R, Clarke BE, Ecroyd H, Kalmar B, Greensmith L. Regional Differences in Heat Shock Protein 25 Expression in Brain and Spinal Cord Astrocytes of Wild-Type and SOD1 G93A Mice. Cells 2021; 10:1257. [PMID: 34069691 PMCID: PMC8160835 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of glia in different CNS regions may contribute to the selective vulnerability of neuronal populations in neurodegenerative conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we explored regional variations in the expression of heat shock protein 25 in glia under conditions of acute and chronic stress. Hsp27 (Hsp27; murine orthologue: Hsp25) fulfils a number of cytoprotective functions and may therefore be a possible therapeutic target in ALS. We identified a subpopulation of astrocytes in primary murine mixed glial cultures that expressed Hsp25. Under basal conditions, the proportion of Hsp25-positive astrocytes was twice as high in spinal cord cultures than in cortical cultures. To explore the physiological role of the elevated Hsp25 expression in spinal cord astrocytes, we exposed cortical and spinal cord glia to acute stress, using heat stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. Surprisingly, we observed no stress-induced increase in Hsp25 expression in either cortical or spinal cord astrocytes. Similarly, exposure to endogenous stress, as modelled in glial cultures from SOD1 G93A-ALS mice, did not increase Hsp25 expression above that observed in astrocytes from wild-type mice. In vivo, Hsp25 expression was greater under conditions of chronic stress present in the spinal cord of SOD1 G93A mice than in wild-type mice, although this increase in expression is likely to be due to the extensive gliosis that occurs in this model. Together, these results show that there are differences in the expression of Hsp25 in astrocytes in different regions of the central nervous system, but Hsp25 expression is not upregulated under acute or chronic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca San Gil
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2519, Australia; (R.S.G.); (H.E.)
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin E. Clarke
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (B.E.C.); (B.K.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2519, Australia; (R.S.G.); (H.E.)
| | - Bernadett Kalmar
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (B.E.C.); (B.K.)
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (B.E.C.); (B.K.)
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9
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Kho J, Pham PC, Kwon S, Huang AY, Rivers JP, Wang H, Ecroyd H, Donald WA, McAlpine SR. De Novo Design, Synthesis, and Mechanistic Evaluation of Short Peptides That Mimic Heat Shock Protein 27 Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:713-719. [PMID: 34055216 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first small molecule peptides based on the N-terminal sequence of heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27, gene HSPB1) that demonstrates chaperone-like activity. The peptide, comprising the SWDPF sequence located at Hsp27's amino (N)-terminal domain, directly regulates protein aggregation events, maintaining the disaggregated state of the model protein, citrate synthase. While traditional inhibitors of protein aggregation act via regulation of a protein that facilitates aggregation or disaggregation, our molecules are the first small peptides between 5 and 8 amino acids in length that are based on the N-terminus of Hsp27 and directly control protein aggregation. The presented strategy showcases a new approach for developing small peptides that control protein aggregation in proteins with high aggregate levels, making them a useful approach in developing new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kho
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - P. Chi Pham
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Suhyeon Kwon
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alana Y. Huang
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joel P. Rivers
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Huixin Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - W. Alexander Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shelli R. McAlpine
- School of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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10
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Cafe SL, Nixon B, Ecroyd H, Martin JH, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Bromfield EG. Proteostasis in the Male and Female Germline: A New Outlook on the Maintenance of Reproductive Health. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660626. [PMID: 33937261 PMCID: PMC8085359 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For fully differentiated, long lived cells the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) becomes a crucial determinant of cellular function and viability. Neurons are the most well-known example of this phenomenon where the majority of these cells must survive the entire course of life. However, male and female germ cells are also uniquely dependent on the maintenance of proteostasis to achieve successful fertilization. Oocytes, also long-lived cells, are subjected to prolonged periods of arrest and are largely reliant on the translation of stored mRNAs, accumulated during the growth period, to support meiotic maturation and subsequent embryogenesis. Conversely, sperm cells, while relatively ephemeral, are completely reliant on proteostasis due to the absence of both transcription and translation. Despite these remarkable, cell-specific features there has been little focus on understanding protein homeostasis in reproductive cells and how/whether proteostasis is "reset" during embryogenesis. Here, we seek to capture the momentum of this growing field by highlighting novel findings regarding germline proteostasis and how this knowledge can be used to promote reproductive health. In this review we capture proteostasis in the context of both somatic cell and germline aging and discuss the influence of oxidative stress on protein function. In particular, we highlight the contributions of proteostasis changes to oocyte aging and encourage a focus in this area that may complement the extensive analyses of DNA damage and aneuploidy that have long occupied the oocyte aging field. Moreover, we discuss the influence of common non-enzymatic protein modifications on the stability of proteins in the male germline, how these changes affect sperm function, and how they may be prevented to preserve fertility. Through this review we aim to bring to light a new trajectory for our field and highlight the potential to harness the germ cell's natural proteostasis mechanisms to improve reproductive health. This manuscript will be of interest to those in the fields of proteostasis, aging, male and female gamete reproductive biology, embryogenesis, and life course health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenae L. Cafe
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacinta H. Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David A. Skerrett-Byrne
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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11
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McMahon S, Bergink S, Kampinga HH, Ecroyd H. DNAJB chaperones suppress destabilised protein aggregation via a region distinct from that used to inhibit amyloidogenesis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237814. [PMID: 33674449 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances to protein homeostasis (proteostasis) can lead to protein aggregation and inclusion formation, processes associated with a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. DNAJB proteins are molecular chaperones that have been identified as potent suppressors of disease-related protein aggregation. In this work, a destabilised isoform of firefly luciferase (R188Q/R261Q Fluc; termed FlucDM) was overexpressed in cells to assess the capacity of DNAJBs to inhibit inclusion formation. Co-expression of all DNAJB proteins tested significantly inhibited the intracellular aggregation of FlucDM. Moreover, we show that DNAJB proteins suppress aggregation by supporting the Hsp70 (HSPA)-dependent degradation of FlucDM via the proteasome. The serine-rich stretch in DNAJB6 and DNAJB8, essential for preventing fibrillar aggregation, is not involved in the suppression of FlucDM inclusion formation. Conversely, deletion of the C-terminal TTK-LKS motif in DNAJB6 and DNAJB8, a region not required to suppress polyglutamine aggregation, abolished the ability to inhibit inclusion formation by FlucDM. Thus, our data suggest that DNAJB6 and DNAJB8 possess two distinct regions for binding substrates, one that is responsible for binding β-hairpins that form during amyloid formation and another that interacts with exposed hydrophobic patches in aggregation-prone clients. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon McMahon
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Steven Bergink
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cell Biology, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cell Biology, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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12
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Marzano NR, Wray KM, Johnston CL, Paudel BP, Hong Y, van Oijen A, Ecroyd H. An α-Cyanostilbene Derivative for the Enhanced Detection and Imaging of Amyloid Fibril Aggregates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4191-4202. [PMID: 33226775 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Benzothiazole dyes such as Thioflavin T (ThT) are well-characterized and widely used fluorescent probes for monitoring amyloid fibril formation. However, existing dyes lack sensitivity and specificity to oligomeric intermediates formed during fibril formation. In this work, we describe the use of an α-cyanostilbene derivative (called ASCP) with aggregation-induced emission properties as a fluorescent probe for the detection of amyloid fibrils. Similar to ThT, ASCP is fluorogenic in the presence of amyloid fibrils and, upon binding and excitation at 460 nm, produces a red-shifted emission with a large Stokes shift of 145 nm. ASCP has a higher binding affinity to fibrillar α-synuclein than ThT and likely shares the same binding sites to amyloid fibrils. Importantly, ASCP was found to also be fluorogenic in the presence of amorphous aggregates and can detect oligomeric species formed early during aggregation. Moreover, ASCP can be used to visualize fibrils via total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and, due to its large Stokes shift, simultaneously monitor the fluorescence emission of other labelled proteins following excitation with the same laser used to excite ASCP. Consequently, ASCP possesses enhanced and unique spectral characteristics compared to ThT that make it a promising alternative for the in vitro study of amyloid fibrils and the mechanisms by which they form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Marzano
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Kelly M. Wray
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Caitlin L. Johnston
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Bishnu P. Paudel
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Antoine van Oijen
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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13
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Thorn DC, Bahraminejad E, Grosas AB, Koudelka T, Hoffmann P, Mata JP, Devlin GL, Sunde M, Ecroyd H, Holt C, Carver JA. Native disulphide-linked dimers facilitate amyloid fibril formation by bovine milk α S2-casein. Biophys Chem 2020; 270:106530. [PMID: 33545456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine milk αS2-casein, an intrinsically disordered protein, readily forms amyloid fibrils in vitro and is implicated in the formation of amyloid fibril deposits in mammary tissue. Its two cysteine residues participate in the formation of either intra- or intermolecular disulphide bonds, generating monomer and dimer species. X-ray solution scattering measurements indicated that both forms of the protein adopt large, spherical oligomers at 20 °C. Upon incubation at 37 °C, the disulphide-linked dimer showed a significantly greater propensity to form amyloid fibrils than its monomeric counterpart. Thioflavin T fluorescence, circular dichroism and infrared spectra were consistent with one or both of the dimer isomers (in a parallel or antiparallel arrangement) being predisposed toward an ordered, amyloid-like structure. Limited proteolysis experiments indicated that the region from Ala81 to Lys113 is incorporated into the fibril core, implying that this region, which is predicted by several algorithms to be amyloidogenic, initiates fibril formation of αS2-casein. The partial conservation of the cysteine motif and the frequent occurrence of disulphide-linked dimers in mammalian milks despite the associated risk of mammary amyloidosis, suggest that the dimeric conformation of αS2-casein is a functional, yet amyloidogenic, structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Thorn
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Elmira Bahraminejad
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Aidan B Grosas
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Tomas Koudelka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Jitendra P Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Glyn L Devlin
- Victorian Health and Human Services Building Authority, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Margaret Sunde
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Sydney Nano, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Carl Holt
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
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14
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Johnston CL, Marzano NR, Paudel BP, Wright G, Benesch JLP, van Oijen AM, Ecroyd H. Single-molecule fluorescence-based approach reveals novel mechanistic insights into human small heat shock protein chaperone function. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100161. [PMID: 33288678 PMCID: PMC7921601 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are a family of ubiquitous intracellular molecular chaperones; some sHsp family members are upregulated under stress conditions and play a vital role in protein homeostasis (proteostasis). It is commonly accepted that these chaperones work by trapping misfolded proteins to prevent their aggregation; however, fundamental questions regarding the molecular mechanism by which sHsps interact with misfolded proteins remain unanswered. The dynamic and polydisperse nature of sHsp oligomers has made studying them challenging using traditional biochemical approaches. Therefore, we have utilized a single-molecule fluorescence-based approach to observe the chaperone action of human alphaB-crystallin (αBc, HSPB5). Using this approach we have, for the first time, determined the stoichiometries of complexes formed between αBc and a model client protein, chloride intracellular channel 1. By examining the dispersity and stoichiometries of these complexes over time, and in response to different concentrations of αBc, we have uncovered unique and important insights into a two-step mechanism by which αBc interacts with misfolded client proteins to prevent their aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin L Johnston
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas R Marzano
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bishnu P Paudel
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antoine M van Oijen
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
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15
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San Gil R, Cox D, McAlary L, Berg T, Walker AK, Yerbury JJ, Ooi L, Ecroyd H. Neurodegenerative disease-associated protein aggregates are poor inducers of the heat shock response in neuronal cells. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.243709. [PMID: 32661089 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregates that result in inclusion formation are a pathological hallmark common to many neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Under conditions of cellular stress, activation of the heat shock response (HSR) results in an increase in the levels of molecular chaperones and is a first line of cellular defence against inclusion formation. It remains to be established whether neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins and inclusions are themselves capable of inducing an HSR in neuronal cells. To address this, we generated a neuroblastoma cell line that expresses a fluorescent reporter protein under conditions of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1)-mediated HSR induction. We show that the HSR is not induced by exogenous treatment with aggregated forms of recombinant α-synuclein or the G93A mutant of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1G93A) nor intracellular expression of SOD1G93A or a pathogenic form of polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin (Htt72Q). These results suggest that pathogenic proteins evade detection or impair induction of the HSR in neuronal cells. A failure of protein aggregation to induce an HSR might contribute to the development of inclusion pathology in neurodegenerative diseases.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca San Gil
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dezerae Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Luke McAlary
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracey Berg
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia .,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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16
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Selig EE, Zlatic CO, Cox D, Mok YF, Gooley PR, Ecroyd H, Griffin MDW. N- and C-terminal regions of αB-crystallin and Hsp27 mediate inhibition of amyloid nucleation, fibril binding, and fibril disaggregation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9838-9854. [PMID: 32417755 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperones that inhibit amyloid fibril formation; however, their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. sHSPs comprise a conserved α-crystallin domain flanked by variable N- and C-terminal regions. To investigate the functional contributions of these three regions, we compared the chaperone activities of various constructs of human αB-crystallin (HSPB5) and heat-shock 27-kDa protein (Hsp27, HSPB1) during amyloid formation by α-synuclein and apolipoprotein C-II. Using an array of approaches, including thioflavin T fluorescence assays and sedimentation analysis, we found that the N-terminal region of Hsp27 and the terminal regions of αB-crystallin are important for delaying amyloid fibril nucleation and for disaggregating mature apolipoprotein C-II fibrils. We further show that the terminal regions are required for stable fibril binding by both sHSPs and for mediating lateral fibril-fibril association, which sequesters preformed fibrils into large aggregates and is believed to have a cytoprotective function. We conclude that although the isolated α-crystallin domain retains some chaperone activity against amyloid formation, the flanking domains contribute additional and important chaperone activities, both in delaying amyloid formation and in mediating interactions of sHSPs with amyloid aggregates. Both these chaperone activities have significant implications for the pathogenesis and progression of diseases associated with amyloid deposition, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Selig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Courtney O Zlatic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dezerae Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yee-Foong Mok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul R Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and the School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia .,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Whiten DR, Cox D, Horrocks MH, Taylor CG, De S, Flagmeier P, Tosatto L, Kumita JR, Ecroyd H, Dobson CM, Klenerman D, Wilson MR. Single-Molecule Characterization of the Interactions between Extracellular Chaperones and Toxic α-Synuclein Oligomers. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3492-3500. [PMID: 29924993 PMCID: PMC6024880 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant aggregation of α-synuclein is associated with several human diseases, collectively termed the α-synucleinopathies, which includes Parkinson’s disease. The progression of these diseases is, in part, mediated by extracellular α-synuclein oligomers that may exert effects through several mechanisms, including prion-like transfer, direct cytotoxicity, and pro-inflammatory actions. In this study, we show that two abundant extracellular chaperones, clusterin and α2-macroglobulin, directly bind to exposed hydrophobic regions on the surface of α-synuclein oligomers. Using single-molecule fluorescence techniques, we found that clusterin, unlike α2-macroglobulin, exhibits differential binding to α-synuclein oligomers that may be related to structural differences between two previously described forms of αS oligomers. The binding of both chaperones reduces the ability of the oligomers to permeabilize lipid membranes and prevents an oligomer-induced increase in ROS production in cultured neuronal cells. Taken together, these data suggest a neuroprotective role for extracellular chaperones in suppressing the toxicity associated with α-synuclein oligomers. Two extracellular chaperones directly bind to α-synuclein oligomers The binding is mediated by hydrophobicity on the oligomer surface Bound chaperones significantly attenuate the toxicity of α-synuclein oligomers
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Whiten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, NSW, Australia
| | - Dezerae Cox
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, NSW, Australia
| | - Mathew H Horrocks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher G Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Suman De
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Patrick Flagmeier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Laura Tosatto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Janet R Kumita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, NSW, Australia.
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18
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Hedl TJ, San Gil R, Cheng F, Rayner SL, Davidson JM, De Luca A, Villalva MD, Ecroyd H, Walker AK, Lee A. Proteomics Approaches for Biomarker and Drug Target Discovery in ALS and FTD. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:548. [PMID: 31244593 PMCID: PMC6579929 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are increasing in prevalence but lack targeted therapeutics. Although the pathological mechanisms behind these diseases remain unclear, both ALS and FTD are characterized pathologically by aberrant protein aggregation and inclusion formation within neurons, which correlates with neurodegeneration. Notably, aggregation of several key proteins, including TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and tau, have been implicated in these diseases. Proteomics methods are being increasingly applied to better understand disease-related mechanisms and to identify biomarkers of disease, using model systems as well as human samples. Proteomics-based approaches offer unbiased, high-throughput, and quantitative results with numerous applications for investigating proteins of interest. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of ALS and FTD pathophysiology obtained using proteomics approaches, and we assess technical and experimental limitations. We compare findings from various mass spectrometry (MS) approaches including quantitative proteomics methods such as stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and tandem mass tagging (TMT) to approaches such as label-free quantitation (LFQ) and sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH-MS) in studies of ALS and FTD. Similarly, we describe disease-related protein-protein interaction (PPI) studies using approaches including immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry (IP-MS) and proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) and discuss future application of new techniques including proximity-dependent ascorbic acid peroxidase labeling (APEX), and biotinylation by antibody recognition (BAR). Furthermore, we explore the use of MS to detect post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation, of disease-relevant proteins in ALS and FTD. We also discuss upstream technologies that enable enrichment of proteins of interest, highlighting the contributions of new techniques to isolate disease-relevant protein inclusions including flow cytometric analysis of inclusions and trafficking (FloIT). These recently developed approaches, as well as related advances yet to be applied to studies of these neurodegenerative diseases, offer numerous opportunities for discovery of potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hedl
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca San Gil
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Flora Cheng
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Rayner
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennilee M Davidson
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Alana De Luca
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria D Villalva
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Albert Lee
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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19
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Carra S, Alberti S, Benesch JLP, Boelens W, Buchner J, Carver JA, Cecconi C, Ecroyd H, Gusev N, Hightower LE, Klevit RE, Lee HO, Liberek K, Lockwood B, Poletti A, Timmerman V, Toth ME, Vierling E, Wu T, Tanguay RM. Small heat shock proteins: multifaceted proteins with important implications for life. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:295-308. [PMID: 30758704 PMCID: PMC6439001 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small Heat Shock Proteins (sHSPs) evolved early in the history of life; they are present in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryota. sHSPs belong to the superfamily of molecular chaperones: they are components of the cellular protein quality control machinery and are thought to act as the first line of defense against conditions that endanger the cellular proteome. In plants, sHSPs protect cells against abiotic stresses, providing innovative targets for sustainable agricultural production. In humans, sHSPs (also known as HSPBs) are associated with the development of several neurological diseases. Thus, manipulation of sHSP expression may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for disease treatment. Experimental evidence demonstrates that enhancing the chaperone function of sHSPs protects against age-related protein conformation diseases, which are characterized by protein aggregation. Moreover, sHSPs can promote longevity and healthy aging in vivo. In addition, sHSPs have been implicated in the prognosis of several types of cancer. Here, sHSP upregulation, by enhancing cellular health, could promote cancer development; on the other hand, their downregulation, by sensitizing cells to external stressors and chemotherapeutics, may have beneficial outcomes. The complexity and diversity of sHSP function and properties and the need to identify their specific clients, as well as their implication in human disease, have been discussed by many of the world's experts in the sHSP field during a dedicated workshop in Québec City, Canada, on 26-29 August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Carra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, and Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Simon Alberti
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Wilbert Boelens
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, NL-6500, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ciro Cecconi
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
- Center S3, CNR Institute Nanoscience, Via Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikolai Gusev
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117234
| | - Lawrence E Hightower
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3125, USA
| | - Rachel E Klevit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hyun O Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krzysztof Liberek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Brent Lockwood
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Univrsità degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Melinda E Toth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Tangchun Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Tongji School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Robert M Tanguay
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Genetics, IBIS, and Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Medical School, Université Laval, QC, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris French
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions; School of Biological Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Isaac B. Jansens
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions; School of Biological Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Michael B. Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions; School of Biological Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions; School of Biological Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
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21
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Abstract
Future increases in the intensity of heat waves (high heat and low water availability) are predicted to be one of the most significant impacts on organisms. Using six native grasses from Eastern Australia, we assessed their capacity to tolerate heat waves with low water availability. We were interested in understanding differential response between native grasses of differing photosynthetic pathways in terms of physiological and some molecular parameters to ecologically relevant summer heat waves that are associated with low rainfall. We used a simulation heatwave event in controlled temperature cabinets and investigated effects of the different treatments on four stress indicators: leaf senescence, leaf water content, photosynthetic efficiency and the relative expression of two heat shock proteins, Hsp70 and smHsp17.6. Leaf senescence was significantly greater under the combined stress treatment, while declines in leaf water content and photosynthetic efficiency were much larger for C3 than C4 plants, particularly under the combined stress treatment. Species showed an increase in expression of Hsp70 associated with heat treatment, rather than drought stress. In contrast Hsp17.6 was only detected in two species, responding to heat rather than drought, although species’ responses were variable. Overall, the C3 species were less tolerant than C4 species. Variation in individual plants within species was evident, especially under multiple stresses, and indicates that losses of individual plants may occur during a heat wave associated with this variability in tolerance. Heat waves will impose significant stress on plant communities that would not otherwise occur when heat and drought stress are experienced singly. Using ecologically relevant heat stress is likely to yield better predictability of how native plants will cope under a hotter, drier future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Davies
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristine French
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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22
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Jovcevski B, Andrew Aquilina J, Benesch JLP, Ecroyd H. The influence of the N-terminal region proximal to the core domain on the assembly and chaperone activity of αB-crystallin. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:827-836. [PMID: 29520626 PMCID: PMC6111084 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
αB-Crystallin (HSPB5) is a small heat-shock protein that is composed of dimers that then assemble into a polydisperse ensemble of oligomers. Oligomerisation is mediated by heterologous interactions between the C-terminal tail of one dimer and the core "α-crystallin" domain of another and stabilised by interactions made by the N-terminal region. Comparatively little is known about the latter contribution, but previous studies have suggested that residues in the region 54-60 form contacts that stabilise the assembly. We have generated mutations in this region (P58A, S59A, S59K, R56S/S59R and an inversion of residues 54-60) to examine their impact on oligomerisation and chaperone activity in vitro. By using native mass spectrometry, we found that all the αB-crystallin mutants were assembly competent, populating similar oligomeric distributions to wild-type, ranging from 16-mers to 30-mers. However, circular dichroism spectroscopy, intrinsic tryptophan and bis-ANS fluorescence studies demonstrated that the secondary structure differs to wild type, the 54-60 inversion mutation having the greatest impact. All the mutants exhibited a dramatic decrease in exposed hydrophobicity. We also found that the mutants in general were equally active as the wild-type protein in inhibiting the amorphous aggregation of insulin and seeded amyloid fibrillation of α-synuclein in vitro, except for the 54-60 inversion mutant, which was significantly less effective at inhibiting insulin aggregation. Our data indicate that alterations in the part of the N-terminal region proximal to the core domain do not drastically affect the oligomerisation of αB-crystallin, reinforcing the robustness of αB-crystallin in functioning as a molecular chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blagojce Jovcevski
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - J Andrew Aquilina
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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23
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Johnston CL, Marzano NR, van Oijen AM, Ecroyd H. Using Single-Molecule Approaches to Understand the Molecular Mechanisms of Heat-Shock Protein Chaperone Function. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:4525-4546. [PMID: 29787765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The heat-shock proteins (Hsp) are a family of molecular chaperones, which collectively form a network that is critical for the maintenance of protein homeostasis. Traditional ensemble-based measurements have provided a wealth of knowledge on the function of individual Hsps and the Hsp network; however, such techniques are limited in their ability to resolve the heterogeneous, dynamic and transient interactions that molecular chaperones make with their client proteins. Single-molecule techniques have emerged as a powerful tool to study dynamic biological systems, as they enable rare and transient populations to be identified that would usually be masked in ensemble measurements. Thus, single-molecule techniques are particularly amenable for the study of Hsps and have begun to be used to reveal novel mechanistic details of their function. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the chaperone action of Hsps and how gaps in the field can be addressed using single-molecule methods. Specifically, this review focuses on the ATP-independent small Hsps and the broader Hsp network and describes how these dynamic systems are amenable to single-molecule techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin L Johnston
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Nicholas R Marzano
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Antoine M van Oijen
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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24
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Carver JA, Ecroyd H, Truscott RJW, Thorn DC, Holt C. Proteostasis and the Regulation of Intra- and Extracellular Protein Aggregation by ATP-Independent Molecular Chaperones: Lens α-Crystallins and Milk Caseins. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:745-752. [PMID: 29442498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperone proteins perform a diversity of roles inside and outside the cell. One of the most important is the stabilization of misfolding proteins to prevent their aggregation, a process that is potentially detrimental to cell viability. Diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cataract are characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates. In vivo, many proteins are metastable and therefore under mild destabilizing conditions have an inherent tendency to misfold, aggregate, and hence lose functionality. As a result, protein levels are tightly regulated inside and outside the cell. Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, describes the network of biological pathways that ensures the proteome remains folded and functional. Proteostasis is a major factor in maintaining cell, tissue, and organismal viability. We have extensively investigated the structure and function of intra- and extracellular molecular chaperones that operate in an ATP-independent manner to stabilize proteins and prevent their misfolding and subsequent aggregation into amorphous particles or highly ordered amyloid fibrils. These types of chaperones are therefore crucial in maintaining proteostasis under normal and stress (e.g., elevated temperature) conditions. Despite their lack of sequence similarity, they exhibit many common features, i.e., extensive structural disorder, dynamism, malleability, heterogeneity, oligomerization, and similar mechanisms of chaperone action. In this Account, we concentrate on the chaperone roles of α-crystallins and caseins, the predominant proteins in the eye lens and milk, respectively. Intracellularly, the principal ATP-independent chaperones are the small heat-shock proteins (sHsps). In vivo, sHsps are the first line of defense in preventing intracellular protein aggregation. The lens proteins αA- and αB-crystallin are sHsps. They play a crucial role in maintaining solubility of the crystallins (including themselves) with age and hence in lens proteostasis and, ultimately, lens transparency. As there is little metabolic activity and no protein turnover in the lens, crystallins are very long lived proteins. Lens proteostasis is therefore very different to that in normal, metabolically active cells. Crystallins undergo extensive post-translational modification (PTM), including deamidation, racemization, phosphorylation, and truncation, which can alter their stability. Despite this, the lens remains transparent for tens of years, implying that lens proteostasis is intimately integrated with crystallin PTMs. Many PTMs do not significantly alter crystallin stability, solubility, and functionality, which thereby facilitates lens transparency. In the long term, however, extensive accumulation of crystallin PTMs leads to large-scale crystallin aggregation, lens opacification, and cataract formation. Extracellularly, various ATP-independent molecular chaperones exist that exhibit sHsp-like structural and functional features. For example, caseins, the major milk proteins, exhibit chaperone ability by inhibiting the amorphous and amyloid fibrillar aggregation of a diversity of destabilized proteins. Caseins maintain proteostasis within milk by preventing deleterious casein amyloid fibril formation via incorporation of thousands of individual caseins into an amorphous structure known as the casein micelle. Hundreds of nanoclusters of calcium phosphate are sequestered within each casein micelle through interactions with short, highly phosphorylated casein sequences. This results in a stable biofluid that contains a high concentration of potentially amyloidogenic caseins and concentrations of calcium and phosphate that can be far in excess of the solubility of calcium phosphate. Casein micelle formation therefore performs vital roles in neonatal nutrition and calcium homeostasis in the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Roger J. W. Truscott
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - David C. Thorn
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Carl Holt
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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25
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Enge TG, Ecroyd H, Jolley DF, Yerbury JJ, Kalmar B, Dosseto A. Assessment of metal concentrations in the SOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its potential role in muscular denervation, with particular focus on muscle tissue. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29524628 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is among the most common of the motor neuron diseases, and arguably the most devastating. During the course of this fatal neurodegenerative disorder, motor neurons undergo progressive degeneration. The currently best-understood animal models of ALS are based on the over-expression of mutant isoforms of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1); these indicate that there is a perturbation in metal homeostasis with disease progression. Copper metabolism in particular is affected in the central nervous system (CNS) and muscle tissue. METHODS This present study assessed previously published and newly gathered concentrations of transition metals (Cu, Zn, Fe and Se) in CNS (brain and spinal cord) and non-CNS (liver, intestine, heart and muscle) tissues from transgenic mice over-expressing the G93A mutant SOD1 isoform (SOD1G93A), transgenic mice over-expressing wildtype SOD1 (SOD1WT) and non-transgenic controls. RESULTS Cu accumulates in non-CNS tissues at pre-symptomatic stages in SOD1G93A tissues. This accumulation represents a potentially pathological feature that cannot solely be explained by the over-expression of mSOD1. As a result of the lack of Cu uptake into the CNS there may be a deficiency of Cu for the over-expressed mutant SOD1 in these tissues. Elevated Cu concentrations in muscle tissue also preceded the onset of symptoms and were found to be pathological and not be the result of SOD1 over-expression. CONCLUSIONS It is hypothesized that the observed Cu accumulations may represent a pathologic feature of ALS, which may actively contribute to axonal retraction leading to muscular denervation, and possibly significantly contributing to disease pathology. Therefore, it is proposed that the toxic-gain-of-function and dying-back hypotheses to explain the molecular drivers of ALS may not be separate, individual processes; rather our data suggests that they are parallel processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gabriel Enge
- Wollongong Isotope Geochronology Laboratory and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- Center for Medical and Molecular Bioscience and School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Bernadett Kalmar
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Anthony Dosseto
- Wollongong Isotope Geochronology Laboratory and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
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26
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Cox D, Whiten DR, Brown JWP, Horrocks MH, San Gil R, Dobson CM, Klenerman D, van Oijen AM, Ecroyd H. The small heat shock protein Hsp27 binds α-synuclein fibrils, preventing elongation and cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4486-4497. [PMID: 29382725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis, or protein homeostasis, encompasses the maintenance of the conformational and functional integrity of the proteome and involves an integrated network of cellular pathways. Molecular chaperones, such as the small heat shock proteins (sHsps), are key elements of the proteostasis network that have crucial roles in inhibiting the aggregation of misfolded proteins. Failure of the proteostasis network can lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins into intracellular and extracellular deposits. Deposits containing fibrillar forms of α-synuclein (α-syn) are characteristic of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Here we show that the sHsp Hsp27 (HSPB1) binds to α-syn fibrils, inhibiting fibril growth by preventing elongation. Using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF)-based imaging methods, we show that Hsp27 binds along the surface of α-syn fibrils, decreasing their hydrophobicity. Binding of Hsp27 also inhibits cytotoxicity of α-syn fibrils. Our results demonstrate that the ability of sHsps, such as Hsp27, to bind fibrils represents an important mechanism through which they may mitigate cellular toxicity associated with aberrant protein aggregation. Fibril binding may represent a generic mechanism by which chaperone-active sHsps interact with aggregation-prone proteins, highlighting the potential to target sHsp activity to prevent or disrupt the onset and progression of α-syn aggregation associated with α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezerae Cox
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Daniel R Whiten
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - James W P Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - Mathew H Horrocks
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - Rebecca San Gil
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - Antoine M van Oijen
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and.,School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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27
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Jovcevski B, Kelly MA, Aquilina JA, Benesch JLP, Ecroyd H. Evaluating the Effect of Phosphorylation on the Structure and Dynamics of Hsp27 Dimers by Means of Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13275-13282. [PMID: 29135234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The quaternary structure and dynamics of the human small heat-shock protein Hsp27 are linked to its molecular chaperone function and influenced by post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of Hsp27 promotes oligomer dissociation and can enhance chaperone activity. This study explored the impact of phosphorylation on the quaternary structure and dynamics of Hsp27. Using mutations that mimic phosphorylation, and ion mobility mass spectrometry, we show that successive substitutions result in an increase in the conformational heterogeneity of Hsp27 dimers. In contrast, we did not detect any changes in the structure of an Hsp27 12-mer, representative of larger Hsp27 oligomers. Our data suggest that oligomer dissociation and increased flexibility of the dimer contribute to the enhanced chaperone activity of phosphorylated Hsp27. Thus, post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation play a crucial role in modulating both the tertiary and quaternary structure of Hsp27, which is pivotal to its function as a key component of the proteostasis network in cells. Our data demonstrate the utility of ion mobility mass spectrometry for probing the structure and dynamics of heterogeneous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blagojce Jovcevski
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Megan A Kelly
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - J Andrew Aquilina
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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28
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Booth L, Shuch B, Albers T, Roberts JL, Tavallai M, Proniuk S, Zukiwski A, Wang D, Chen CS, Bottaro D, Ecroyd H, Lebedyeva IO, Dent P. Multi-kinase inhibitors can associate with heat shock proteins through their NH2-termini by which they suppress chaperone function. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12975-96. [PMID: 26887051 PMCID: PMC4914336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed proteomic studies using the GRP78 chaperone-inhibitor drug AR-12 (OSU-03012) as bait. Multiple additional chaperone and chaperone-associated proteins were shown to interact with AR-12, including: GRP75, HSP75, BAG2; HSP27; ULK-1; and thioredoxin. AR-12 down-regulated in situ immuno-fluorescence detection of ATP binding chaperones using antibodies directed against the NH2-termini of the proteins but only weakly reduced detection using antibodies directed against the central and COOH portions of the proteins. Traditional SDS-PAGE and western blotting assessment methods did not exhibit any alterations in chaperone detection. AR-12 altered the sub-cellular distribution of chaperone proteins, abolishing their punctate speckled patterning concomitant with changes in protein co-localization. AR-12 inhibited chaperone ATPase activity, which was enhanced by sildenafil; inhibited chaperone – chaperone and chaperone – client interactions; and docked in silico with the ATPase domains of HSP90 and of HSP70. AR-12 combined with sildenafil in a GRP78 plus HSP27 –dependent fashion to profoundly activate an eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP/Beclin1 pathway in parallel with inactivating mTOR and increasing ATG13 phosphorylation, collectively resulting in formation of punctate toxic autophagosomes. Over-expression of [GRP78 and HSP27] prevented: AR-12 –induced activation of ER stress signaling and maintained mTOR activity; AR-12 –mediated down-regulation of thioredoxin, MCL-1 and c-FLIP-s; and preserved tumor cell viability. Thus the inhibition of chaperone protein functions by AR-12 and by multi-kinase inhibitors very likely explains why these agents have anti-tumor effects in multiple genetically diverse tumor cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Booth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Brian Shuch
- Urologic and Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8058, USA.,Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Albers
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jane L Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mehrad Tavallai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | | | | | - Dasheng Wang
- Molecular and Translational Science, United States Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Molecular and Translational Science, United States Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Don Bottaro
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Iryna O Lebedyeva
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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San Gil R, Ooi L, Yerbury JJ, Ecroyd H. The heat shock response in neurons and astroglia and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:65. [PMID: 28923065 PMCID: PMC5604514 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein inclusions are a predominant molecular pathology found in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. Protein inclusions form in discrete areas of the brain characteristic to the type of neurodegenerative disease, and coincide with the death of neurons in that region (e.g. spinal cord motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This suggests that the process of protein misfolding leading to inclusion formation is neurotoxic, and that cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms that maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis) can, at times, be insufficient to prevent protein inclusion formation in the central nervous system. The heat shock response is a pro-survival pathway induced under conditions of cellular stress that acts to maintain proteostasis through the up-regulation of heat shock proteins, a superfamily of molecular chaperones, other co-chaperones and mitotic regulators. The kinetics and magnitude of the heat shock response varies in a stress- and cell-type dependent manner. It remains to be determined if and/or how the heat shock response is activated in the different cell-types that comprise the central nervous system (e.g. neurons and astroglia) in response to protein misfolding events that precede cellular dysfunctions in neurodegenerative diseases. This is particularly relevant considering emerging evidence demonstrating the non-cell autonomous nature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease (and other neurodegenerative diseases) and the destructive role of astroglia in disease progression. This review highlights the complexity of heat shock response activation and addresses whether neurons and glia sense and respond to protein misfolding and aggregation associated with neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, by inducing a pro-survival heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca San Gil
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522 Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522 Australia
| | - Justin J. Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522 Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522 Australia
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30
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Garvey M, Ecroyd H, Ray NJ, Gerrard JA, Carver JA. Functional Amyloid Protection in the Eye Lens: Retention of α-Crystallin Molecular Chaperone Activity after Modification into Amyloid Fibrils. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7030067. [PMID: 28895938 PMCID: PMC5618248 DOI: 10.3390/biom7030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibril formation occurs from a wide range of peptides and proteins and is typically associated with a loss of protein function and/or a gain of toxic function, as the native structure of the protein undergoes major alteration to form a cross β-sheet array. It is now well recognised that some amyloid fibrils have a biological function, which has led to increased interest in the potential that these so-called functional amyloids may either retain the function of the native protein, or gain function upon adopting a fibrillar structure. Herein, we investigate the molecular chaperone ability of α-crystallin, the predominant eye lens protein which is composed of two related subunits αA- and αB-crystallin, and its capacity to retain and even enhance its chaperone activity after forming aggregate structures under conditions of thermal and chemical stress. We demonstrate that both eye lens α-crystallin and αB-crystallin (which is also found extensively outside the lens) retain, to a significant degree, their molecular chaperone activity under conditions of structural change, including after formation into amyloid fibrils and amorphous aggregates. The results can be related directly to the effects of aging on the structure and chaperone function of α-crystallin in the eye lens, particularly its ability to prevent crystallin protein aggregation and hence lens opacification associated with cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Garvey
- CSL Limited, 45 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Nicholas J Ray
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Juliet A Gerrard
- School of Biological Science and School of Chemical Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.
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31
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Kumar M, Hong Y, Thorn DC, Ecroyd H, Carver JA. Monitoring Early-Stage Protein Aggregation by an Aggregation-Induced Emission Fluorogen. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9322-9329. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Kumar
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
- School of
Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - David C. Thorn
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School
of Biological Sciences and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research
Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - John A. Carver
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - David C Thorn
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Carl Holt
- Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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33
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Cox D, Ecroyd H. The small heat shock proteins αB-crystallin (HSPB5) and Hsp27 (HSPB1) inhibit the intracellular aggregation of α-synuclein. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:589-600. [PMID: 28337642 PMCID: PMC5465035 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is the process of maintaining the conformational and functional integrity of the proteome. Proteostasis is preserved in the face of stress by a complex network of cellular machinery, including the small heat shock molecular chaperone proteins (sHsps), which act to inhibit the aggregation and deposition of misfolded protein intermediates. Despite this, the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases has been inextricably linked with the amyloid fibrillar aggregation and deposition of α-synuclein (α-syn). The sHsps are potent inhibitors of α-syn aggregation in vitro. However, the limited availability of a robust, cell-based model of α-syn aggregation has, thus far, restricted evaluation of sHsp efficacy in the cellular context. As such, this work sought to establish a robust model of intracellular α-syn aggregation using Neuro-2a cells. Aggregation of α-syn was found to be sensitive to inhibition of autophagy and the proteasome, resulting in a significant increase in the proportion of cells containing α-syn inclusions. This model was then used to evaluate the capacity of the sHsps, αB-c and Hsp27, to prevent α-syn aggregation in cells. To do so, we used bicistronic expression plasmids to express the sHsps. Unlike traditional fluorescent fusion constructs, these bicistronic expression plasmids enable only individual transfected cells expressing the sHsps (via expression of the fluorescent reporter) to be analysed, but without the need to tag the sHsp, which can affect its oligomeric structure and chaperone activity. Overexpression of both αB-c and Hsp27 significantly reduced the intracellular aggregation of α-syn. Thus, these findings suggest that overexpressing or boosting the activity of sHsps may be a way of preventing amyloid fibrillar aggregation of α-syn in the context of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezerae Cox
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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34
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Carver JA, Grosas AB, Ecroyd H, Quinlan RA. The functional roles of the unstructured N- and C-terminal regions in αB-crystallin and other mammalian small heat-shock proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:627-638. [PMID: 28391594 PMCID: PMC5465038 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps), such as αB-crystallin, are one of the major classes of molecular chaperone proteins. In vivo, under conditions of cellular stress, sHsps are the principal defence proteins that prevent large-scale protein aggregation. Progress in determining the structure of sHsps has been significant recently, particularly in relation to the conserved, central and β-sheet structured α-crystallin domain (ACD). However, an understanding of the structure and functional roles of the N- and C-terminal flanking regions has proved elusive mainly because of their unstructured and dynamic nature. In this paper, we propose functional roles for both flanking regions, based around three properties: (i) they act in a localised crowding manner to regulate interactions with target proteins during chaperone action, (ii) they protect the ACD from deleterious amyloid fibril formation and (iii) the flexibility of these regions, particularly at the extreme C-terminus in mammalian sHsps, provides solubility for sHsps under chaperone and non-chaperone conditions. In the eye lens, these properties are highly relevant as the crystallin proteins, in particular the two sHsps αA- and αB-crystallin, are present at very high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Aidan B Grosas
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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35
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Carra S, Alberti S, Arrigo PA, Benesch JL, Benjamin IJ, Boelens W, Bartelt-Kirbach B, Brundel BJJM, Buchner J, Bukau B, Carver JA, Ecroyd H, Emanuelsson C, Finet S, Golenhofen N, Goloubinoff P, Gusev N, Haslbeck M, Hightower LE, Kampinga HH, Klevit RE, Liberek K, Mchaourab HS, McMenimen KA, Poletti A, Quinlan R, Strelkov SV, Toth ME, Vierling E, Tanguay RM. The growing world of small heat shock proteins: from structure to functions. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:601-611. [PMID: 28364346 PMCID: PMC5465036 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are present in all kingdoms of life and play fundamental roles in cell biology. sHSPs are key components of the cellular protein quality control system, acting as the first line of defense against conditions that affect protein homeostasis and proteome stability, from bacteria to plants to humans. sHSPs have the ability to bind to a large subset of substrates and to maintain them in a state competent for refolding or clearance with the assistance of the HSP70 machinery. sHSPs participate in a number of biological processes, from the cell cycle, to cell differentiation, from adaptation to stressful conditions, to apoptosis, and, even, to the transformation of a cell into a malignant state. As a consequence, sHSP malfunction has been implicated in abnormal placental development and preterm deliveries, in the prognosis of several types of cancer, and in the development of neurological diseases. Moreover, mutations in the genes encoding several mammalian sHSPs result in neurological, muscular, or cardiac age-related diseases in humans. Loss of protein homeostasis due to protein aggregation is typical of many age-related neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases. In light of the role of sHSPs in the clearance of un/misfolded aggregation-prone substrates, pharmacological modulation of sHSP expression or function and rescue of defective sHSPs represent possible routes to alleviate or cure protein conformation diseases. Here, we report the latest news and views on sHSPs discussed by many of the world's experts in the sHSP field during a dedicated workshop organized in Italy (Bertinoro, CEUB, October 12-15, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Carra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, and Centre for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Simon Alberti
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick A. Arrigo
- Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Ivor J. Benjamin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650 USA
| | - Wilbert Boelens
- Biomolecular Chemistry, 284, Radboud University, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bianca J. J. M. Brundel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John A. Carver
- The Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawara Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Cecilia Emanuelsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Finet
- IMPMC UMR7590, CNRS, UPMC Paris 6, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, France
| | - Nikola Golenhofen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Pierre Goloubinoff
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai Gusev
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | | | - Lawrence E. Hightower
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125 USA
| | - Harm H. Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel E. Klevit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Krzysztof Liberek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hassane S. Mchaourab
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Kathryn A. McMenimen
- Departments of Pathology, Biological Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry and the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roy Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences and the Biophysical Sciences Institute, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Sergei V. Strelkov
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melinda E. Toth
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Robert M. Tanguay
- Laboratory of Cell & Developmental Genetics, IBIS, and Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Medical School, Université Laval, Québec (Qc), G1V 0A6 Canada
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36
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Enge TG, Ecroyd H, Jolley DF, Yerbury JJ, Dosseto A. Longitudinal assessment of metal concentrations and copper isotope ratios in the G93A SOD1 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Metallomics 2017; 9:161-174. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00270f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cappelli S, Penco A, Mannini B, Cascella R, Wilson MR, Ecroyd H, Li X, Buxbaum JN, Dobson CM, Cecchi C, Relini A, Chiti F. Effect of molecular chaperones on aberrant protein oligomers in vitro: super-versus sub-stoichiometric chaperone concentrations. Biol Chem 2016; 397:401-15. [PMID: 26812789 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Living systems protect themselves from aberrant proteins by a network of chaperones. We have tested in vitro the effects of different concentrations, ranging from 0 to 16 μm, of two molecular chaperones, namely αB-crystallin and clusterin, and an engineered monomeric variant of transthyretin (M-TTR), on the morphology and cytotoxicity of preformed toxic oligomers of HypF-N, which represent a useful model of misfolded protein aggregates. Using atomic force microscopy imaging and static light scattering analysis, all were found to bind HypF-N oligomers and increase the size of the aggregates, to an extent that correlates with chaperone concentration. SDS-PAGE profiles have shown that the large aggregates were predominantly composed of the HypF-N protein. ANS fluorescence measurements show that the chaperone-induced clustering of HypF-N oligomers does not change the overall solvent exposure of hydrophobic residues on the surface of the oligomers. αB-crystallin, clusterin and M-TTR can diminish the cytotoxic effects of the HypF-N oligomers at all chaperone concentration, as demonstrated by MTT reduction and Ca2+ influx measurements. The observation that the protective effect is primarily at all concentrations of chaperones, both when the increase in HypF-N aggregate size is minimal and large, emphasizes the efficiency and versatility of these protein molecules.
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Booth L, Roberts JL, Ecroyd H, Reid SP, Proniuk S, Zukiwski A, Jacob A, Damonte E, Tuñón MJ, Dent P. AR-12 Inhibits Chaperone Proteins Preventing Virus Replication and the Accumulation of Toxic Misfolded Proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7. [PMID: 27957385 PMCID: PMC5146995 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Booth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jane L Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - St Patrick Reid
- Molecular and Translational Science, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | | | | | - Abraham Jacob
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Arizona Ear Institute, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245024, Tucson AZ 85724, USA
| | - Elsa Damonte
- FCEN-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2 Piso 4, lab QB-17, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine and CIBEREhd, University of León, 24071, Spain
| | - Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Cox D, Selig E, Griffin MDW, Carver JA, Ecroyd H. Small Heat-shock Proteins Prevent α-Synuclein Aggregation via Transient Interactions and Their Efficacy Is Affected by the Rate of Aggregation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22618-22629. [PMID: 27587396 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into amyloid fibrils is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, collectively referred to as the α-synucleinopathies. In vivo, molecular chaperones, such as the small heat-shock proteins (sHsps), normally act to prevent protein aggregation; however, it remains to be determined how aggregation-prone α-syn evades sHsp chaperone action leading to its disease-associated deposition. This work examines the molecular mechanism by which two canonical sHsps, αB-crystallin (αB-c) and Hsp27, interact with aggregation-prone α-syn to prevent its aggregation in vitro Both sHsps are very effective inhibitors of α-syn aggregation, but no stable complex between the sHsps and α-syn was detected, indicating that the sHsps inhibit α-syn aggregation via transient interactions. Moreover, the ability of these sHsps to prevent α-syn aggregation was dependent on the kinetics of aggregation; the faster the rate of aggregation (shorter the lag phase), the less effective the sHsps were at inhibiting fibril formation of α-syn. Thus, these findings indicate that the rate at which α-syn aggregates in cells may be a significant factor in how it evades sHsp chaperone action in the α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezerae Cox
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522
| | - Emily Selig
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, and
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, and
| | - John A Carver
- the Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522
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Nixon B, Ecroyd H, Dacheux JL, Dacheux F, Labas V, Johnston SD, Jones RC. Formation and Dissociation of Sperm Bundles in Monotremes. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:91. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.140491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Whiten DR, San Gil R, McAlary L, Yerbury JJ, Ecroyd H, Wilson MR. Rapid flow cytometric measurement of protein inclusions and nuclear trafficking. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31138. [PMID: 27516358 PMCID: PMC4981889 DOI: 10.1038/srep31138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinaceous cytoplasmic inclusions are an indicator of dysfunction in normal cellular proteostasis and a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases. We describe a simple and rapid new flow cytometry-based method to enumerate, characterise and, if desired, physically recover protein inclusions from cells. This technique can analyse and resolve a broad variety of inclusions differing in both size and protein composition, making it applicable to essentially any model of intracellular protein aggregation. The method also allows rapid quantification of the nuclear trafficking of fluorescently labelled molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Whiten
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW2522, Australia
| | - R San Gil
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW2522, Australia
| | - L McAlary
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW2522, Australia
| | - J J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW2522, Australia
| | - H Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW2522, Australia
| | - M R Wilson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW2522, Australia
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Yerbury JJ, Ooi L, Dillin A, Saunders DN, Hatters DM, Beart PM, Cashman NR, Wilson MR, Ecroyd H. Walking the tightrope: proteostasis and neurodegenerative disease. J Neurochem 2016; 137:489-505. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Yerbury
- Proteostasis and Disease Research Centre; School of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Wollongong; New South Wales Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Proteostasis and Disease Research Centre; School of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Wollongong; New South Wales Australia
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences; The University of California; California USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; The University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Darren N. Saunders
- School of Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Randwick New South Wales Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Darlinghurst New South Wales Australia
| | - Danny M. Hatters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Philip M. Beart
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Neil R. Cashman
- Department of Medicine (Neurology); University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Brain Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Mark R. Wilson
- Proteostasis and Disease Research Centre; School of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Wollongong; New South Wales Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Proteostasis and Disease Research Centre; School of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Wollongong; New South Wales Australia
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Liu J, Dehle FC, Liu Y, Bahraminejad E, Ecroyd H, Thorn DC, Carver JA. The Effect of Milk Constituents and Crowding Agents on Amyloid Fibril Formation by κ-Casein. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:1335-1343. [PMID: 26807595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
When not incorporated into the casein micelle, κ-casein, a major milk protein, rapidly forms amyloid fibrils at physiological pH and temperature. In this study, the effects of milk components (calcium, lactose, lipids, and heparan sulfate) and crowding agents on reduced and carboxymethylated (RCM) κ-casein fibril formation was investigated using far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy, thioflavin T binding assays, and transmission electron microscopy. Longer-chain phosphatidylcholine lipids, which form the lining of milk ducts and milk fat globules, enhanced RCM κ-casein fibril formation irrespective of whether the lipids were in a monomeric or micellar state, whereas shorter-chain phospholipids and triglycerides had little effect. Heparan sulfate, a component of the milk fat globule membrane and catalyst of amyloid deposition in extracellular tissue, had little effect on the kinetics of RCM κ-casein fibril formation. Major nutritional components such as calcium and lactose also had no significant effect. Macromolecular crowding enhances protein-protein interactions, but in contrast to other fibril-forming species, the extent of RCM κ-casein fibril formation was reduced by the presence of a variety of crowding agents. These data are consistent with a mechanism of κ-casein fibril formation in which the rate-determining step is dissociation from the oligomer to give the highly amyloidogenic monomer. We conclude that the interaction of κ-casein with membrane-associated phospholipids along its secretory pathway may contribute to the development of amyloid deposits in mammary tissue. However, the formation of spherical oligomers such as casein micelles is favored over amyloid fibrils in the crowded environment of milk, within which the occurrence of amyloid fibrils is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Liu
- Pharmacy College, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Francis C Dehle
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Yanqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Elmira Bahraminejad
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University , Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - David C Thorn
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University , Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University , Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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Jovcevski B, Kelly MA, Rote AP, Berg T, Gastall HY, Benesch JLP, Aquilina JA, Ecroyd H. Phosphomimics destabilize Hsp27 oligomeric assemblies and enhance chaperone activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:186-95. [PMID: 25699602 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Serine phosphorylation of the mammalian small heat-shock protein Hsp27 at residues 15, 78, and 82 is thought to regulate its structure and chaperone function; however, the site-specific impact has not been established. We used mass spectrometry to assess the combinatorial effect of mutations that mimic phosphorylation upon the oligomeric state of Hsp27. Comprehensive dimerization yielded a relatively uncrowded spectrum, composed solely of even-sized oligomers. Modification at one or two serines decreased the average oligomeric size, while the triple mutant was predominantly a dimer. These changes were reflected in a greater propensity for oligomers to dissociate upon increased modification. The ability of Hsp27 to prevent amorphous or fibrillar aggregation of target proteins was enhanced and correlated with the amount of dissociated species present. We propose that, in vivo, phosphorylation promotes oligomer dissociation, thereby enhancing chaperone activity. Our data support a model in which dimers are the chaperone-active component of Hsp27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blagojce Jovcevski
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Megan A Kelly
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Anthea P Rote
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Tracey Berg
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Heidi Y Gastall
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - J Andrew Aquilina
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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Thornell E, Ecroyd H, Aquilina A. αB-Crystallin Phosphorylation as a Precursor to Cataractogenesis. Acta Ophthalmol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Thornell
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - H. Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - A. Aquilina
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
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Cox D, Carver JA, Ecroyd H. Preventing α-synuclein aggregation: the role of the small heat-shock molecular chaperone proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1830-43. [PMID: 24973551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is the process of maintaining the conformational and functional integrity of the proteome. The failure of proteostasis can result in the accumulation of non-native proteins leading to their aggregation and deposition in cells and in tissues. The amyloid fibrillar aggregation of the protein α-synuclein into Lewy bodies and Lewy neuritis is associated with neurodegenerative diseases classified as α-synucleinopathies, which include Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. The small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones that are one of the cell's first lines of defence against protein aggregation. They act to stabilise partially folded protein intermediates, in an ATP-independent manner, to maintain cellular proteostasis under stress conditions. Thus, the sHsps appear ideally suited to protect against α-synuclein aggregation, yet these fail to do so in the context of the α-synucleinopathies. This review discusses how sHsps interact with α-synuclein to prevent its aggregation and, in doing so, highlights the multi-faceted nature of the mechanisms used by sHsps to prevent the fibrillar aggregation of proteins. It also examines what factors may contribute to α-synuclein escaping the sHsp chaperones in the context of the α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezerae Cox
- School of Biological Sciences and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 0200, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
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Nixon B, Ewen KA, Krivanek KM, Clulow J, Kidd G, Ecroyd H, Jones RC. Post-testicular sperm maturation and identification of an epididymal protein in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Reproduction 2014; 147:265-77. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of the avian epididymis in post-testicular development and capacitation was examined to assess whether avian spermatozoa undergo any processes similar to those characteristic of mammalian sperm development. We found no evidence of a need for quail sperm to undergo capacitation and 90% of testicular sperm could bind to a perivitelline membrane and acrosome react. However, computer-assisted sperm analysis showed that 20% of testicular sperm from the quail were capable of movement and only about 12% of the motile sperm would have a curvilinear velocity greater than the mean for sperm from the distal epididymis. Nevertheless, epididymal transit was associated with increases in mean sperm velocity and the proportion of motile sperm. Together, these findings explain why earlier workers have achieved some fertilizations following inseminations of testicular spermatozoa and also demonstrate the need for some epididymal maturation of avian spermatozoa. Analysis of the electrophoretic profile of quail epididymal luminal proteins revealed that only one major protein (∼16 kDa) is secreted by the epididymis and it was virtually the only protein secreted by the ipsilateral epididymis following unilateral orchidectomy. Mass spectrometry showed that this protein is hemoglobin; this finding was confirmed using anti-hemoglobin antibodies. It is suggested that hemoglobin may support sperm metabolism in the quail epididymis, aid in motility, and/or serve as an antioxidant.
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Holt C, Carver JA, Ecroyd H, Thorn DC. Invited review: Caseins and the casein micelle: their biological functions, structures, and behavior in foods. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:6127-46. [PMID: 23958008 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A typical casein micelle contains thousands of casein molecules, most of which form thermodynamically stable complexes with nanoclusters of amorphous calcium phosphate. Like many other unfolded proteins, caseins have an actual or potential tendency to assemble into toxic amyloid fibrils, particularly at the high concentrations found in milk. Fibrils do not form in milk because an alternative aggregation pathway is followed that results in formation of the casein micelle. As a result of forming micelles, nutritious milk can be secreted and stored without causing either pathological calcification or amyloidosis of the mother's mammary tissue. The ability to sequester nanoclusters of amorphous calcium phosphate in a stable complex is not unique to caseins. It has been demonstrated using a number of noncasein secreted phosphoproteins and may be of general physiological importance in preventing calcification of other biofluids and soft tissues. Thus, competent noncasein phosphoproteins have similar patterns of phosphorylation and the same type of flexible, unfolded conformation as caseins. The ability to suppress amyloid fibril formation by forming an alternative amorphous aggregate is also not unique to caseins and underlies the action of molecular chaperones such as the small heat-shock proteins. The open structure of the protein matrix of casein micelles is fragile and easily perturbed by changes in its environment. Perturbations can cause the polypeptide chains to segregate into regions of greater and lesser density. As a result, the reliable determination of the native structure of casein micelles continues to be extremely challenging. The biological functions of caseins, such as their chaperone activity, are determined by their composition and flexible conformation and by how the casein polypeptide chains interact with each other. These same properties determine how caseins behave in the manufacture of many dairy products and how they can be used as functional ingredients in other foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Holt
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R. Wyatt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Justin J. Yerbury
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia;
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia;
| | - Mark R. Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia;
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Aquilina JA, Shrestha S, Morris AM, Ecroyd H. Structural and functional aspects of hetero-oligomers formed by the small heat shock proteins αB-crystallin and HSP27. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:13602-9. [PMID: 23532854 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.443812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND αB-crystallin and HSP27 are mammalian intracellular small heat shock proteins. RESULTS These proteins exchange subunits in a rapid and temperature-dependent manner. CONCLUSION This facile subunit exchange suggests that differential expression could be used by the cell to regulate the response to stress. SIGNIFICANCE A robust technique defines parameters for the dynamic interaction between the major mammalian small heat shock proteins. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) exist as large polydisperse species in which there is constant dynamic subunit exchange between oligomeric and dissociated forms. Their primary role in vivo is to bind destabilized proteins and prevent their misfolding and aggregation. αB-Crystallin (αB) and HSP27 are the two most widely distributed and most studied sHSPs in the human body. They are coexpressed in different tissues, where they are known to associate with each other to form hetero-oligomeric complexes. In this study, we aimed to determine how these two sHSPs interact to form hetero-oligomers in vitro and whether, by doing so, there is an increase in their chaperone activity and stability compared with their homo-oligomeric forms. Our results demonstrate that HSP27 and αB formed polydisperse hetero-oligomers in vitro, which had an average molecular mass that was intermediate of each of the homo-oligomers and which were more thermostable than αB, but less so than HSP27. The hetero-oligomer chaperone function was found to be equivalent to that of αB, with each being significantly better in preventing the amorphous aggregation of α-lactalbumin and the amyloid fibril formation of α-synuclein in comparison with HSP27. Using mass spectrometry to monitor subunit exchange over time, we found that HSP27 and αB exchanged subunits 23% faster than the reported rate for HSP27 and αA and almost twice that for αA and αB. This represents the first quantitative evaluation of αB/HSP27 subunit exchange, and the results are discussed in the broader context of regulation of function and cellular proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew Aquilina
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.
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