51
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Identification of TB-E12 as a novel FtsZ inhibitor with anti-tuberculosis activity. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 110:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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52
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Pascual MJ, Merwaiss F, Leal E, Quintana ME, Capozzo AV, Cavasotto CN, Bollini M, Alvarez DE. Structure-based drug design for envelope protein E2 uncovers a new class of bovine viral diarrhea inhibitors that block virus entry. Antiviral Res 2018; 149:179-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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53
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Nabu S, Lawung R, Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya P, Roytrakul S, Dolprasit S, Sengyee S, Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya C, Prachayasittikul V. Comparative proteomics analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains in response to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:1207-1229. [PMID: 29285017 PMCID: PMC5736987 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains displaying reduced susceptibility and resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) are major public health concerns. Although resistance mechanisms of ESCs have extensively been studied, the proteome-wide investigation on the biological response to the antibiotic stress is still limited. Herein, a proteomics approach based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis was applied to investigate the global protein expression under ESC stresses of ESC-susceptible and ESC-reduced susceptible N. gonorrhoeae strains. Upon exposure to ceftriaxone, 14 and 21 proteins of ESC-susceptible and ESC-reduced susceptible strains, respectively, were shown to be differentially expressed. In the meanwhile, differential expressions of 13 and 17 proteins were detected under cefixime stress for ESC-susceptible and ESC-reduced susceptible strains, respectively. ESC antibiotics have been proven to trigger the expression of several proteins implicated in a variety of biological functions including transport system, energy metabolism, stress response and pathogenic virulence factors. Interestingly, macrophage infectivity potentiators (Ng-MIP) showed increased expression for ESC-reduced susceptible strain under ESC stress. The altered expression of Ng-MIP was found to be a unique response to ESC stresses. Our finding proposes a broad view on proteomic changes in N. gonorrhoeae in response to ESC antibiotics that provides further insights into the gonococcal antimicrobial resistance and physiological adaptation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanta Nabu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Ratana Lawung
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.,Center of Medical Laboratory Services, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Supamas Dolprasit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sineenart Sengyee
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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54
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Li YJ, Hu XB, Lu XL, Liao DH, Tang TT, Wu JY, Xiang DX. Nanoemulsion-based delivery system for enhanced oral bioavailability and caco-2 cell monolayers permeability of berberine hydrochloride. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1868-1873. [PMID: 29191058 PMCID: PMC8240975 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1410257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine hydrochloride (BBH) has a variety of pharmacological activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, and reduce irritable bowel syndrome. However, poor stability and low oral bioavailability limited its usage. Herein, an oil-in-water nanoemulsion system of BBH was developed to improve its stability and oral bioavailability. The pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed for the determination of composition of various nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsions of BBH composed of Labrafil M 1944 CS (oil phase), RH-40 (surfactant), glycerin (co-surfactant), and water (aqueous phase). The O/W nanoemulsion of BBH showed a relative bioavailability of 440.40% compared with unencapsulated BBH and was stable in our 6-month stability study. Further, there was a significant increase in intestinal permeability of BBH as assessed by Caco-2 cell monolayers and a significant reduction in efflux of BBH by the multidrug efflux pump P-glycoprotein. This study confirmed that the nanoemulsion formulation could be used as an alternative oral formulation of BBH to improve its stability, oral bioavailability and permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations of Hunan Province, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong-Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations of Hunan Province, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations of Hunan Province, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - De-Hua Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations of Hunan Province, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tian-Tian Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun-Yong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations of Hunan Province, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations of Hunan Province, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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55
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Chan KF, Sun N, Yan SC, Wong ILK, Lui HK, Cheung KC, Yuan J, Chan FY, Zheng Z, Chan EWC, Chen S, Leung YC, Chan TH, Wong KY. Efficient Synthesis of Amine-Linked 2,4,6-Trisubstituted Pyrimidines as a New Class of Bacterial FtsZ Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7281-7292. [PMID: 30023544 PMCID: PMC6044853 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have recently identified a new class of filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ)-interacting compounds that possess a 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidine-quinuclidine scaffold with moderate antibacterial activity. Employing this scaffold as a molecular template, a compound library of amine-linked 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines with 99 candidates was successfully established by employing an efficient convergent synthesis designed to explore their structure-activity relationship. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay against Staphylococcus aureus strains and cytotoxicity assay against the mouse L929 cell line identified those compounds with potent antistaphylococcal properties (MIC ranges from 3 to 8 μg/mL) and some extent of cytotoxicity against normal cells (IC50 ranges from 6 to 27 μM). Importantly, three compounds also exhibited potent antibacterial activities against nine clinically isolated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. One of the compounds, 14av_amine16, exhibited low spontaneous frequency of resistance, low toxicity against Galleria mellonella larvae, and the ability to rescue G. mellonella larvae (20% survival rate at a dosage of 100 mg/kg) infected with a lethal dose of MRSA ATCC 43300 strain. Biological characterization of compound 14av_amine16 by saturation transfer difference NMR, light scattering assay, and guanosine triphosphatase hydrolysis assay with purified S. aureus FtsZ protein verified that it interacted with the FtsZ protein. Such a property of FtsZ inhibitors was further confirmed by observing iconic filamentous cell phenotype and mislocalization of the Z-ring formation of Bacillus subtilis. Taken together, these 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidine derivatives represent a novel scaffold of S. aureus FtsZ inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Fai Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Cheong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Iris L K Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hok-Kiu Lui
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwan-Choi Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fung-Yi Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, The Hong Kong PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Edward W C Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, The Hong Kong PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yun-Chung Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Hang Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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56
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Sun N, Zheng YY, Du RL, Cai SY, Zhang K, So LY, Cheung KC, Zhuo C, Lu YJ, Wong KY. New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1909-1913. [PMID: 30108711 PMCID: PMC6072346 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ) protein is generally recognized as a promising antimicrobial drug target. In the present study, a small organic molecule (tiplaxtinin) was identified for the first time as an excellent cell division inhibitor by using a cell-based screening approach from a library with 250 compounds. Tiplaxtinin possesses potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive pathogens. Both in vitro and in vivo results reveal that the compound is able to disrupt dynamic assembly of FtsZ and Z-ring formation effectively through the mechanism of stimulating FtsZ polymerization and impairing GTPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P.R. China . ; Tel: +852 34008686
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zheng
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry , School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86 20 39322235
| | - Ruo-Lan Du
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P.R. China . ; Tel: +852 34008686
| | - Sen-Yuan Cai
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry , School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86 20 39322235
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry , School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86 20 39322235
| | - Lok-Yan So
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P.R. China . ; Tel: +852 34008686
| | - Kwan-Choi Cheung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P.R. China . ; Tel: +852 34008686
| | - Chao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jing Lu
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry , School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86 20 39322235
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P.R. China . ; Tel: +852 34008686
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57
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Leal ES, Aucar MG, Gebhard LG, Iglesias NG, Pascual MJ, Casal JJ, Gamarnik AV, Cavasotto CN, Bollini M. Discovery of novel dengue virus entry inhibitors via a structure-based approach. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3851-3855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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58
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Straniero V, Zanotto C, Straniero L, Casiraghi A, Duga S, Radaelli A, De Giuli Morghen C, Valoti E. 2,6-Difluorobenzamide Inhibitors of Bacterial Cell Division Protein FtsZ: Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationships. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1303-1318. [PMID: 28586174 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of drug-resistant microorganisms are continuously emerging, restricting the therapeutic options for common bacterial infections. Antimicrobial agents that were originally potent are now no longer helpful, due to their weak or null activity toward these antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In addition, none of the recently approved antibiotics affect innovative targets, resulting in a need for novel drugs with innovative antibacterial mechanisms of action. The essential cell division protein filamentous temperature-sensitive Z (FtsZ) has emerged as a possible target, thanks to its ubiquitous expression and its homology to eukaryotic β-tubulin. In the latest years, several compounds were shown to interact with this prokaryotic protein and selectively inhibit bacterial cell division. Recently, our research group developed interesting derivatives displaying good antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, as well as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim of the present study was to summarize the structure-activity relationships of differently substituted heterocycles, linked by a methylenoxy bridge to the 2,6-difluorobenzamide, and to validate FtsZ as the real target of this class of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Straniero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Zanotto
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milano, Italy
| | - Letizia Straniero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Manzoni 113, 2, 0089, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Casiraghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Manzoni 113, 2, 0089, Rozzano-Milano, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Antonia Radaelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Section, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ermanno Valoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
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59
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Nasiri HR, Mracek P, Grimm SK, Gastaldello J, Kolodzik A, Ullmann D. PAIN-less identification and evaluation of small molecule inhibitors against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1220-1224. [PMID: 30108832 PMCID: PMC6072428 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00126f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A highly miniaturized biochemical assay was set up to test a focused set of natural products against the enzymatic activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). The screen resulted in the identification of the natural product alkaloids, berberine and palmatine as well as α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) as potential inhibitors of PTP1B. In a second step, several read-out and counter assays were applied to confirm the observed inhibitory activity of the identified hits and to remove false positives which target the enzymatic activity of PTP1B by a non-specific mechanism, also known as PAINS (pan-assay interference compounds). Both, berberine and palmatine were identified as false positives which interfered with the assay read-out. Using NMR spectroscopy, self-association via stacking interactions was detected for berberine in aqueous media, which may also contribute to the non-specific inhibition of PTP1B. α-TOS was confirmed as a novel reversible and competitive inhibitor of PTP1B. A concise structure-activity relationship study identified the carboxyl group and the saturated phytyl-side chain as being critical for PTP1B inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R Nasiri
- Evotec AG , Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7 , D-22419 Hamburg , Germany .
| | - Philipp Mracek
- Evotec AG , Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7 , D-22419 Hamburg , Germany .
| | - Steffen K Grimm
- Evotec AG , Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7 , D-22419 Hamburg , Germany .
| | - Janine Gastaldello
- Evotec AG , Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7 , D-22419 Hamburg , Germany .
| | - Adrian Kolodzik
- Evotec AG , Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7 , D-22419 Hamburg , Germany .
| | - Dirk Ullmann
- Evotec AG , Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7 , D-22419 Hamburg , Germany .
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60
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Sun N, Lu YJ, Chan FY, Du RL, Zheng YY, Zhang K, So LY, Abagyan R, Zhuo C, Leung YC, Wong KY. A Thiazole Orange Derivative Targeting the Bacterial Protein FtsZ Shows Potent Antibacterial Activity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:855. [PMID: 28553278 PMCID: PMC5426085 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug resistance among clinically significant bacteria calls for the urgent development of new antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action. In this study, a new small molecule exhibiting excellent inhibition of bacterial cell division with potent antibacterial activity was discovered through cell-based screening. The compound exhibits a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity, including the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and NDM-1 Escherichia coli. The in vitro and in vivo results suggested that this compound disrupts the dynamic assembly of FtsZ protein and Z-ring formation through stimulating FtsZ polymerization. Moreover, this compound exhibits no activity on mammalian tubulin polymerization and shows low cytotoxicity on mammalian cells. Taken together, these findings could provide a new chemotype for development of antibacterials with FtsZ as the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Jing Lu
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Fung-Yi Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ruo-Lan Du
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zheng
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Lok-Yan So
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La JollaCA, USA
| | - Chao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Chung Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong, Hong Kong
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61
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Sun N, Du RL, Zheng YY, Huang BH, Guo Q, Zhang RF, Wong KY, Lu YJ. Antibacterial activity of N-methylbenzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline and N-methylbenzoindolo[3,2-b]-quinoline derivatives and study of their mode of action. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:1-11. [PMID: 28426995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria causes an urgent need for new generation of antibiotics, which may have a different mechanism of inhibition or killing action from the existing. Targeting at the inhibition of bacterial cell division via the control of FtsZ function is one of the effective and promising approaches. Some natural extracts from plants such as sanguinarine and berberine (analogs of pyridinium compounds) are known to alter FtsZ function. In this study, a series of novel quaternary pyridinium compounds was constructed based on the N-methylbenzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline and N-methylbenzoindolo[3,2-b]-quinoline derivatives and their antibacterial activity against nine significant pathogens was investigated using broth microdilution method. In the in vitro assay, the compounds showed strong antibacterial activities against various testing strains, which include some drug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. Our results of morphology change of B. subtilis cells and molecular docking proved that the compounds functioned as an effective inhibitor to suppress FtsZ polymerization and FtsZ GTPase activity and thus the compound stops cell division and cause cell death through interacting with C-terminal interdomain cleft of FtsZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ruo-Lan Du
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zheng
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bao-Hua Huang
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Qi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Rui-Fang Zhang
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yu-Jing Lu
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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62
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Sridevi D, Sudhakar KU, Ananthathatmula R, Nankar RP, Doble M. Mutation at G103 of MtbFtsZ Altered their Sensitivity to Coumarins. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:578. [PMID: 28428773 PMCID: PMC5382161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are natural polyphenol lactones comprising of fused rings of benzene and α-pyrone. The current study demonstrates the inhibitory effect of coumarins with various substitutions on Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155. We also demonstrate the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract containing ellagic acid, on M. smegmatis as well as their affect on MtbFtsZ (FtsZ from Mycobacterium tuberculosis). The ellagic acid extracts from pomegranate peels inhibit mycobacteria with a MIC of 25 μM and 0.3 to 3.5 mg/mL, respectively, but failed to inhibit the polymerization of MtbFtsZ. However, the coumarins were shown to inhibit the polymerization and GTPase activity of the protein as well as have an inhibitory affect on M. smegmatis mc2 155. Docking of the most active coumarin (7-Dimethyl-4-methyl coumarin with MIC of 38.7 μM) to the GTP binding site suggests that it interacted with the G103 residue. Based on the docking results two mutants of varying activity (G103S and G103A) were constructed to elucidate the interaction of MtbFtsZ and coumarins. Mutation of G103 with Serine (a bulky group) results in an inactive mutant and substitution with alanine produces a variant that retains most of the activity of the wild type. There is a disruption of the protofilament formation of the MtbFtsZ upon interaction with coumarins as demonstrated by TEM. The coumarins increase the length of Mycobacteria five times and MtbFtsZ localization is disturbed. The mutant proteins altered the GTPase and polymerization activity of coumarins as compared to wild type protein. The results here support that coumarins inhibit proliferation of Mycobacteria by targeting the assembly of MtbFtsZ and provide the possible binding site of coumarins on MtbFtsZ. This study may aid in the design of natural products as anti-mycobacterial agents. The currently reported GTP analogs for FtsZ are toxic to the human cell lines; natural coumarins targeting the GTP binding site of MtbFtsZ may hold promise as an important drug lead for tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duggirala Sridevi
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai, India
| | - Karpagam U Sudhakar
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai, India
| | - Ragamanvitha Ananthathatmula
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai, India
| | - Rakesh P Nankar
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai, India
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The synthesis and antistaphylococcal activity of 9, 13-disubstituted berberine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:424-433. [PMID: 28092858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 9, 13-disubstituted berberine derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for the antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, including Newman strain and multidrug-resistant strains (NRS-1, NRS-70, NRS-100, NRS-108, and NRS-271). Compound 20 shows the most potent activity against the growth of Newman strain, with a MIC value of 0.78 μg/mL, which is comparable with the positive control vancomycin. In addition, compound 20, 21, and 33 are highly antistaphylococcal active against five strains of multidrug-resistant S. aureus, with MIC values of 0.78-1.56 μg/mL. Of note, theses antibacterial active compounds have no obvious toxicity to the viability of human fibroblast (HAF) cells at the MIC concentration.
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Haranahalli K, Tong S, Ojima I. Recent advances in the discovery and development of antibacterial agents targeting the cell-division protein FtsZ. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6354-6369. [PMID: 27189886 PMCID: PMC5157688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, there is a dire need for new drug targets for antibacterial drug discovery and development. Filamentous temperature sensitive protein Z (FtsZ), is a GTP-dependent prokaryotic cell division protein, sharing less than 10% sequence identity with the eukaryotic cell division protein, tubulin. FtsZ forms a dynamic Z-ring in the middle of the cell, leading to septation and subsequent cell division. Inhibition of the Z-ring blocks cell division, thus making FtsZ a highly attractive target. Various groups have been working on natural products and synthetic small molecules as inhibitors of FtsZ. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of FtsZ inhibitors, focusing on those in the last 5years, but also includes significant findings in previous years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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65
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Guo Y, Zhang Y, Huang W, Selwyn FP, Klaassen CD. Dose-response effect of berberine on bile acid profile and gut microbiota in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:394. [PMID: 27756364 PMCID: PMC5070223 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Berberine (BBR) is a traditional antimicrobial herbal medicine. Recently, BBR has gained popularity as a supplement to lower blood lipids, cholesterol and glucose. Bile acids (BAs) are known to regulate blood levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose and energy homeostasis, and gut flora play an important role in BA metabolism. However, whether BBR alters BAs metabolism or dose-response effect of BBR on gut flora is unknown. Methods In this study, the effects of various doses of BBR on the concentrations of BAs in liver and serum of male C57BL/6 mice were determined by UPLC-MS/MS, and the expression of BA-related genes, as well as the amount of 32 of the most abundant gut bacterial species in the terminal ileum and large intestine of male C57BL/6 mice were quantified by RT-PCR and Quantigene 2.0 Reagent System, respectively. Results Unconjugated BAs and total BAs were significantly altered by BBR in serum but not in liver. Increased primary BAs (βMCA, TβMCA and TUDCA) and decreased secondary BAs (DCA, LCA and the T-conjugates) were observed in livers and serum of mice fed BBR. The expression of BA-synthetic enzymes (Cyp7a1 and 8b1) and uptake transporter (Ntcp) increased 39-400 % in liver of mice fed the higher doses of BBR, whereas nuclear receptors and efflux transporters were not markedly altered. In addition, Bacteroides were enriched in the terminal ileum and large bowel of mice treated with BBR. Conclusion The present study indicated that various doses of BBR have effects on BA metabolism and related genes as well as intestinal flora, which provides insight into many pathways of BBR effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1367-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kumar V, Singh HN, Tomar AK, Dantham S, Yadav S. Searching new targets to counter drug resistance – GTPase-Obg mRNA expression analysis in Mycobacterium under stress and in silico docking with GTPase inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1804-1812. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1195284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar Tomar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Subrahamanyam Dantham
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Savita Yadav
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Abstract
Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ), an essential cell division protein in bacteria, has recently emerged as an important and exploitable antibacterial target. Cytokinesis in bacteria is regulated by the assembly dynamics of this protein, which is ubiquitously present in eubacteria. The perturbation of FtsZ assembly has been found to have a deleterious effect on the cytokinetic machinery and, in turn, upon cell survival. FtsZ is highly conserved among prokaryotes, offering the possibility of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, while its limited sequence homology with tubulin (an essential protein in eukaryotic mitosis) offers the possibility of selective toxicity. This review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action of FtsZ, and to highlight existing attempts toward the development of clinically useful inhibitors.
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68
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Busiek KK, Margolin W. Bacterial actin and tubulin homologs in cell growth and division. Curr Biol 2016; 25:R243-R254. [PMID: 25784047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the elaborate cytoskeletal machines harbored by eukaryotic cells, such as mitotic spindles, cytoskeletal structures detectable by typical negative stain electron microscopy are generally absent from bacterial cells. As a result, for decades it was thought that bacteria lacked cytoskeletal machines. Revolutions in genomics and fluorescence microscopy have confirmed the existence not only of smaller-scale cytoskeletal structures in bacteria, but also of widespread functional homologs of eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins. The presence of actin, tubulin, and intermediate filament homologs in these relatively simple cells suggests that primitive cytoskeletons first arose in bacteria. In bacteria such as Escherichia coli, homologs of tubulin and actin directly interact with each other and are crucial for coordinating cell growth and division. The function and direct interactions between these proteins will be the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Busiek
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William Margolin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Hurley KA, Santos TMA, Nepomuceno GM, Huynh V, Shaw JT, Weibel DB. Targeting the Bacterial Division Protein FtsZ. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6975-98. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Hurley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Thiago M. A. Santos
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gabriella M. Nepomuceno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Valerie Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jared T. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Douglas B. Weibel
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Reddy PJ, Ray S, Sathe GJ, Prasad TSK, Rapole S, Panda D, Srivastava S. Proteomics analyses of Bacillus subtilis after treatment with plumbagin, a plant-derived naphthoquinone. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:12-23. [PMID: 25562197 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases and increasing antibiotic resistance among diverse classes of microbes are global health concerns and a prime focus of omics systems science applications in novel drug discovery. Plumbagin is a plant-derived naphthoquinone, a natural product that exhibits antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of plumbagin against Bacillus subtilis using two complementary proteomics techniques: two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). Comparative quantitative proteomics analysis of plumbagin treated and untreated control samples identified differential expression of 230 proteins (1% FDR, 1.5 fold-change and ≥2 peptides) in B. subtilis after plumbagin treatment. Pathway analysis involving the differentially expressed proteins suggested that plumbagin effectively increases heme and protein biosynthesis, whereas fatty acid synthesis was significantly reduced. Gene expression and metabolic activity assays further corroborated the proteomics findings. We anticipate that plumbagin blocks the cell division by altering the membrane permeability required for energy generation. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, offering new insights, at proteome level, for the putative mode(s) of action of plumbagin and attendant cellular targets in B. subtilis. The findings also suggest new ways forward for the modern omics-guided drug target discovery, building on traditional plant medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panga Jaipal Reddy
- 1 Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai, India
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Inhibition of Oral Streptococci Growth Induced by the Complementary Action of Berberine Chloride and Antibacterial Compounds. Molecules 2015. [PMID: 26225951 PMCID: PMC6332409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200813705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergistic interactions between natural bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and antibiotics may exhibit therapeutic benefits, acting against oral cariogenic and opportunistic pathogens. The aim of the presented work was to assess the antibacterial activity of berberine chloride (BECl) in light of the effect exerted by common antibiotics on selected reference strains of oral streptococci (OST), and to evaluate the magnitude of interactions. Three representative oral microorganisms were investigated: Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 (SM), S. sanguinis ATCC 10556 (SS), S. oralis ATCC 9811 (SO) and microdilution tests, along with disc diffusion assays were applied. Here, we report that growth (viability) of all oral streptococci was reduced by exposure to BECl and was dependent primarily on exposure/incubation time. A minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of BECl against OST ranged from 512 µg/mL (SS) to 1024 µg/mL (SM, SO). The most noticeable antibacterial effects were observed for S. sanguinis (MIC 512 µg/mL) and the most significant synergistic action was found for the combinations BECl-penicillin, BECl-clindamycin and BECl-erythromycin. The S. oralis reflects the highest MBC value as assessed by the AlamarBlue assay (2058 µg/mL). The synergy between berberine and common antibiotics demonstrates its potential use as a novel antibacterial tool for opportunistic infections and also provides a rational basis for the use of berberine as an oral hygiene measure.
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Brockway AJ, Grove CI, Mahoney ME, Shaw JT. Synthesis of the diaryl ether cores common to chrysophaentins A, E and F. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3396-3401. [PMID: 26034333 PMCID: PMC4448730 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of the diaryl ether subunits of the marine natural products chrysophaentin A, E and F is described. These natural prodcuts feature tetrasubstituted benzene rings with complex substitution patterns. The central strategy involves an SNAr reaction between a complex phenol and a polysubstituted fluoronitrobenzene. Subseqent attempts to construct the unusual E-chloroalkene linkage through several different approaches are also disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Brockway
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Charles I. Grove
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Jared T. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
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Yang F, Wang J, Tang J, Yu LF, Li J, Li JY. Berberine Analogues: Progress towards Versatile Applications. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-15-825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chan FY, Sun N, Leung YC, Wong KY. Antimicrobial activity of a quinuclidine-based FtsZ inhibitor and its synergistic potential with β-lactam antibiotics. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 68:253-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Alkaloids: an overview of their antibacterial, antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 44:377-86. [PMID: 25130096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With reports of pandrug-resistant bacteria causing untreatable infections, the need for new antibacterial therapies is more pressing than ever. Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of compounds that have served as scaffolds for important antibacterial drugs such as metronidazole and the quinolones. In this review, we highlight other alkaloids with development potential. Natural, semisynthetic and synthetic alkaloids of all classes are considered, looking first at those with direct antibacterial activity and those with antibiotic-enhancing activity. Potent examples include CJ-13,136, a novel actinomycete-derived quinolone alkaloid with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.1 ng/mL against Helicobacter pylori, and squalamine, a polyamine alkaloid from the dogfish shark that renders Gram-negative pathogens 16- to >32-fold more susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Where available, information on toxicity, structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action and in vivo activity is presented. The effects of alkaloids on virulence gene regulatory systems such as quorum sensing and virulence factors such as sortases, adhesins and secretion systems are also described. The synthetic isoquinoline alkaloid virstatin, for example, inhibits the transcriptional regulator ToxT in Vibrio cholerae, preventing expression of cholera toxin and fimbriae and conferring in vivo protection against intestinal colonisation. The review concludes with implications and limitations of the described research and directions for future research.
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