51
|
Αntoniadou M, Varzakas T. Breaking the vicious circle of diet, malnutrition and oral health for the independent elderly. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3233-3255. [PMID: 32686465 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging impairs senses, mastication, oral status and function, causing nutritional needs and diet insufficiencies. The present needs of independent older adults suggest that health research and oral health care should shift from reductionist disease management to integral and personal treatment plans, including lifestyle, psychological, nutritional and oral health coaching approaches. Dentists and other medical professionals that work in the field of gerodontology should be educated on the macro and micronutrient needs of the elderly and incorporate certain nutritional plans early in the life of their patients with their approval and cooperation, in order to postpone tooth loss and masticatory impairment. Old recipes such as the Mediterranean diet should be kept as a base for all the elderly and be enriched in a customized interpersonal way from the dentist as well as the medical professional according to the specific needs of one's oral and general health status. In this nonsystematic review paper, the basic aspects of the vicious cycle of nutrition and oral health status are discussed and suggestions of major nutrients' influence and needs for independent elders are reported. Based on the scientific data collected, suggestions are made for the food industry for better quality and dosage of foods for this category of individuals. Such strategies can be a whole new area of interest for the food industry in order to obtain better quality of food packaging for the independent OA with accepted texture, odor, colors, macronutrients and micronutrients' consistency and in specific portions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Αntoniadou
- Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Dept. Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Broman LM, Bernardson A, Bursell K, Wernerman J, Fläring U, Tjäder I. Serum selenium in critically ill patients: Profile and supplementation in a depleted region. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2020; 64:803-809. [PMID: 32153016 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General selenium supplementation to intensive care unit (ICU) patients in regions with selenium-rich soil does not improve outcomes. Still selenium supplementation may reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with low-serum selenium concentration (S-Se) in selenium-poor areas who respond to treatment. The primary aim of this observational study was to investigate S-Se in a selenium-deficient region at time of intensive care admission, and in addition to monitor S-Se during high-dose selenium supplementation for safety. METHODS We measured S-Se in 100 consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary general ICU. After initial sampling, high-dose intravenous (iv) selenium supplementation was administered up to 20 days. RESULTS At admission, in 95% of the cases, S-Se was below the saturation level for selenoenzymes, in 91%, below the Swedish reference level, and in 71%, below the level where selenoenzyme function may be impaired. At day 5 of substitution, all patients still remaining in the ICU (n = 26) were within the range for enzyme function, 12% were below reference, and 24% did not reach full enzymatic saturation. At day 10 and forward, all patients were within target for treatment. No patients were at risk for toxic S-Se concentration. CONCLUSIONS S-Se concentration was substantially lower compared to normal values at ICU admission in this cohort of unselected Swedish critical care patients. Selenium supplementation restituted S-Se to levels corresponding to enzymatic saturation and the Swedish reference interval for all subjects remaining in the ICU on day 5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Mikael Broman
- Department of Pediatric Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care ECMO Centre Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anna Bernardson
- Department of Pediatric Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden
| | - Karin Bursell
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Nyköping Hospital Nyköping Sweden
| | - Jan Wernerman
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine CLINTEC Stockholm Sweden
| | - Urban Fläring
- Department of Pediatric Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care ECMO Centre Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Inga Tjäder
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Bioavailability of Coenzyme Q 10: An Overview of the Absorption Process and Subsequent Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050386. [PMID: 32380795 PMCID: PMC7278738 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of understanding of the processes determining the absorption and subsequent metabolism of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has resulted in some manufacturers’ making incorrect claims regarding the bioavailability of their CoQ10 supplements, with potential consequences for the use of such products in clinical trials. The purpose of the present review article is, therefore, to describe the various stages of exogenous CoQ10 metabolism, from its first ingestion, stomach transit, absorption from the small intestine into the lymphatic system, transport in blood, and access into cells. In particular, the importance of CoQ10 crystal dispersion in the initial formulation is emphasised, the absence of which reduces bioavailability by 75%. In addition, evidence comparing the relative bioavailability and efficacy of ubiquinone and ubiquinol forms of CoQ10 has been reviewed.
Collapse
|
54
|
Di Lorenzo A, Iannuzzo G, Parlato A, Cuomo G, Testa C, Coppola M, D’Ambrosio G, Oliviero DA, Sarullo S, Vitale G, Nugara C, Sarullo FM, Giallauria F. Clinical Evidence for Q10 Coenzyme Supplementation in Heart Failure: From Energetics to Functional Improvement. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051266. [PMID: 32349341 PMCID: PMC7287951 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are hallmarks of heart failure (HF). Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vitamin-like organic compound widely expressed in humans as ubiquinol (reduced form) and ubiquinone (oxidized form). CoQ10 plays a key role in electron transport in oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria. CoQ10 acts as a potent antioxidant, membrane stabilizer and cofactor in the production of adenosine triphosphate by oxidative phosphorylation, inhibiting the oxidation of proteins and DNA. Patients with HF showed CoQ10 deficiency; therefore, a number of clinical trials investigating the effects of CoQ10 supplementation in HF have been conducted. CoQ10 supplementation may confer potential prognostic advantages in HF patients with no adverse hemodynamic profile or safety issues. The latest evidence on the clinical effects of CoQ10 supplementation in HF was reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Lorenzo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Parlato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Gianluigi Cuomo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Crescenzo Testa
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Marta Coppola
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Giuseppe D’Ambrosio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Domenico Alessandro Oliviero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Silvia Sarullo
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (S.S.); (G.V.); (C.N.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Vitale
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (S.S.); (G.V.); (C.N.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Cinzia Nugara
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (S.S.); (G.V.); (C.N.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Filippo M. Sarullo
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (S.S.); (G.V.); (C.N.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Francesco Giallauria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)8-1746-3519
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Khaltourina D, Matveyev Y, Alekseev A, Cortese F, Ioviţă A. Aging Fits the Disease Criteria of the International Classification of Diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111230. [PMID: 32251691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The disease criteria used by the World Health Organization (WHO) were applied to human biological aging in order to assess whether aging can be classified as a disease. These criteria were developed for the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and included disease diagnostics, mechanisms, course and outcomes, known interventions, and linkage to genetic and environmental factors. RESULTS: Biological aging can be diagnosed with frailty indices, functional, blood-based biomarkers. A number of major causal mechanisms of human aging involved in various organs have been described, such as inflammation, replicative cellular senescence, immune senescence, proteostasis failures, mitochondrial dysfunctions, fibrotic propensity, hormonal aging, body composition changes, etc. We identified a number of clinically proven interventions, as well as genetic and environmental factors of aging. Therefore, aging fits the ICD-11 criteria and can be considered a disease. Our proposal was submitted to the ICD-11 Joint Task force, and this led to the inclusion of the extension code for "Ageing-related" (XT9T) into the "Causality" section of the ICD-11. This might lead to greater focus on biological aging in global health policy and might provide for more opportunities for the new therapy developers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Khaltourina
- Department of Risk Factor Prevention, Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dobrolyubova St. 11, Moscow, 127254, Russia; International Longevity Alliance, 19 avenue Jean Jaurès, Sceaux, 92330, France.
| | - Yuri Matveyev
- Research Lab, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Schepkina St. 61/2 k.1, Moscow, 129110, Russia
| | - Aleksey Alekseev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Franco Cortese
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, Apt 2354 Chynoweth House, Trevissome Park, Truro, London, TR4 8UN, UK
| | - Anca Ioviţă
- International Longevity Alliance, 19 avenue Jean Jaurès, Sceaux, 92330, France
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Robberecht H, De Bruyne T, Davioud-Charvet E, Mackrill J, Hermans N. Selenium Status in Elderly People: Longevity and Age-Related Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1694-1706. [PMID: 31267854 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701144709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) is a trace element active in selenoproteins, which can regulate oxidative stress. It is generally perceived as an import factor for maintaining health in the elderly. METHODS The goal of this review is to discuss selenium concentration in biological samples, primarily serum or plasma, as a function of age and its relation with longevity. The elemental level in various age-related diseases is reviewed. CONCLUSION Highest selenium values were observed in healthy adults, while in an elderly population significantly lower concentrations were reported. Variables responsible for contradictory findings are mentioned. Risk and benefits of Se-supplementation still remain under debate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- Research Group NatuRA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tess De Bruyne
- Research Group NatuRA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Davioud-Charvet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moleculaire et Application (LIMA), UMR7042 CNRSUnistra- UHA, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - John Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Nina Hermans
- Research Group NatuRA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ingles DP, Cruz Rodriguez JB, Garcia H. Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment. Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:22. [PMID: 32067177 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-1270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this study is to explore the current literature supporting the use oral multivitamins and multi/minerals (OMVMs) for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) treatment and prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Data on multivitamins, vitamin C and D, coenzyme Q, calcium, and selenium, has showed no consistent benefit for the prevention of CVD, myocardial infarction, or stroke, nor was there a benefit for all-cause mortality to support their routine supplementation. Folic acid alone and B vitamins with folic acid, B6 and B12, reduce stroke, whereas niacin and antioxidants are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Iron deficiency should be avoided and treated if found, but routine supplementation to those without deficiency is not evidence based. Despite the high supplement use by the general public, there is no evidence to support the routine supplementation of oral multivitamins and multi/minerals (OVMN) for CVD prevention or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Perez Ingles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, 4800 Alberta Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA.
| | - Jose B Cruz Rodriguez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Hernando Garcia
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Pagano G, Pallardó FV, Porto B, Fittipaldi MR, Lyakhovich A, Trifuoggi M. Mitoprotective Clinical Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes and Fanconi Anemia Patients: Suggestions for Clinical Management of Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010082. [PMID: 31963742 PMCID: PMC7023409 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) occur in a number of disorders, and several clinical studies have attempted to counteract OS and MDF by providing adjuvant treatments against disease progression. The present review is aimed at focusing on two apparently distant diseases, namely type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a rare genetic disease, Fanconi anemia (FA). The pathogenetic links between T2D and FA include the high T2D prevalence among FA patients and the recognized evidence for OS and MDF in both disorders. This latter phenotypic/pathogenetic feature-namely MDF-may be regarded as a mechanistic ground both accounting for the clinical outcomes in both diseases, and as a premise to clinical studies aimed at counteracting MDF. In the case for T2D, the working hypothesis is raised of evaluating any in vivo decrease of mitochondrial cofactors, or mitochondrial nutrients (MNs) such as α-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, and l-carnitine, with possibly combined MN-based treatments. As for FA, the established knowledge of MDF, as yet only obtained from in vitro or molecular studies, prompts the requirement to ascertain in vivo MDF, and to design clinical studies aimed at utilizing MNs toward mitigating or delaying FA's clinical progression. Altogether, this paper may contribute to building hypotheses for clinical studies in a number of OS/MDF-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-335-790-7261
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, CIBERER, E-46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Porto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS, University of Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria Rosa Fittipaldi
- Internal Medicine Unit, San Francesco d’Assisi Hospital, I-84020 Oliveto Citra (SA), Italy;
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the “Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine”, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Hiffler L, Rakotoambinina B. Selenium and RNA Virus Interactions: Potential Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19). Front Nutr 2020. [PMID: 33015130 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3594240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that already claimed more than 340,000 lives worldwide as of May 23, 2020, the majority of which are elderly. Selenium (Se), a natural trace element, has a key and complex role in the immune system. It is well-documented that Se deficiency is associated with higher susceptibility to RNA viral infections and more severe disease outcome. In this article, we firstly present evidence on how Se deficiency promotes mutations, replication and virulence of RNA viruses. Next, we review how Se might be beneficial via restoration of host antioxidant capacity, reduction of apoptosis and endothelial cell damages as well as platelet aggregation. It also appears that low Se status is a common finding in conditions considered at risk of severe COVID-19, especially in the elderly. Finally, we present a rationale for Se use at different stages of COVID-19. Se has been overlooked but may have a significant place in COVID-19 spectrum management, particularly in vulnerable elderly, and might represent a game changer in the global response to COVID-19.
Collapse
|
60
|
Hiffler L, Rakotoambinina B. Selenium and RNA Virus Interactions: Potential Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19). Front Nutr 2020. [PMID: 33015130 DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/vaqz6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that already claimed more than 340,000 lives worldwide as of May 23, 2020, the majority of which are elderly. Selenium (Se), a natural trace element, has a key and complex role in the immune system. It is well-documented that Se deficiency is associated with higher susceptibility to RNA viral infections and more severe disease outcome. In this article, we firstly present evidence on how Se deficiency promotes mutations, replication and virulence of RNA viruses. Next, we review how Se might be beneficial via restoration of host antioxidant capacity, reduction of apoptosis and endothelial cell damages as well as platelet aggregation. It also appears that low Se status is a common finding in conditions considered at risk of severe COVID-19, especially in the elderly. Finally, we present a rationale for Se use at different stages of COVID-19. Se has been overlooked but may have a significant place in COVID-19 spectrum management, particularly in vulnerable elderly, and might represent a game changer in the global response to COVID-19.
Collapse
|
61
|
Hocum Stone L, Chappuis E, Wright C, Kelly RF, McFalls EO. CoQ 10 enhances PGC1α and increases expression of mitochondrial antioxidant proteins in chronically ischemic swine myocardium. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:92. [PMID: 31892934 PMCID: PMC6937679 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of mitochondrial proteins is reduced within hibernating myocardium (HM). It is unclear whether dietary supplementation with CoQ10 can increase expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and antioxidant proteins within this tissue. In a swine model of HM, we tested whether dietary administration of CoQ10 for four weeks enhances the expression of ETC and antioxidant proteins within the mitochondria via increased PGC1α signaling. Methods 12 swine were instrumented with a fixed constrictor around the LAD artery to induce gradual stenosis. At three months, transthoracic ECHO was performed to confirm the presence of a wall motion abnormality in the anterior wall. Animals were then randomly assigned to receive daily dietary supplements of either CoQ10 (10 mg/kg/day) or placebo for four weeks. At this time, animals underwent a final ECHO and terminal procedure. Expression of nuclear-bound PGC1α (Western blots) and mitochondrial proteins (Tandem Mass Tag) were determined. Results Mitochondrial and nuclear membranes were isolated from the LAD region. Nuclear-bound PGC1α levels were > 200-fold higher with administration of four weeks of CoQ10 treatment (p = 0.016). Expression of ETC proteins was increased in those animals that received CoQ10. Compared with mitochondria in the LAD region from placebo-treated pigs, CoQ10-treated pigs had higher levels of Complex I (p = 0.03), Complex IV (p = 0.04) and Complex V (p = 0.028) peptides. Conclusions Four weeks of dietary CoQ10 in HM pigs enhances active, nuclear-bound PGC1α and increases the expression of ETC proteins within mitochondria of HM tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hocum Stone
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA.,2Research Service, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Erin Chappuis
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Christin Wright
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA.,2Research Service, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Rosemary F Kelly
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA.,2Research Service, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Edward O McFalls
- 3Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA.,4Cardiology (111C), Minneapolis VA Medical Center, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Khan A, Johnson DK, Carlson S, Hocum-Stone L, Kelly RF, Gravely AA, Mbai M, Green DL, Santilli S, Garcia S, Adabag S, McFalls EO. NT-Pro BNP Predicts Myocardial Injury Post-vascular Surgery and is Reduced with CoQ 10: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 64:292-302. [PMID: 31629852 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NT-Pro BNP levels provide incremental value in perioperative risk assessment prior to major noncardiac surgery. Whether they can be pharmacologically modified in patients prior to an elective vascular operation is uncertain. METHODS A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was implemented at a single institution. Patients were screened during their preoperative vascular clinic appointment and randomly assigned to CoQ10 (400 mg per day) versus Placebo for 3 days prior to surgery. Biomarkers, including NT-Pro BNP, troponin I and C-reactive protein were obtained prior to and following surgery for up to 48 hours. The primary endpoint was postoperative NT-Pro BNP levels, and secondary endpoint measures included myocardial injury, defined by an elevated cardiac troponin level and length of stay. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-three patients were randomized to receive either CoQ10 (N = 62) versus Placebo (N = 61) for 3 days before vascular surgery. Preoperative cardiac risks included ischemic heart disease (N = 52), CHF (N = 12), stroke (N = 23), and diabetes mellitus (N = 48) and the planned vascular procedures were infrainguinal (N = 78), carotid (N = 36), and intraabdominal (N = 9). There were no intergroup differences in these clinical variables. NT-Pro BNP levels (median; IQs) in the CoQ10 and Placebo groups were 179 (75-347) and 217 (109-585) pg/ml, respectively, (P = 0.08) preoperatively, and 397 (211-686) and 591 (288-1,433) pg/ml respectively, (P = 0.01) at 24 hours following surgery. Patients with an elevated NT-Pro BNP had a higher incidence of myocardial injury, (58% vs. 20%; P < 0.01) and a longer hospital stay (4.4 ± 3.8 vs. 2.8 ± 3.2 days; P < 0.02) compared with individuals without an elevated NT-Pro BNP level. CONCLUSIONS NT-Pro BNP levels predict adverse events post-vascular surgery and are lowered in those patients assigned to preoperative administration of CoQ10. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03956017. Among patients undergoing elective vascular surgery, 123 patients were randomized to either CoQ10 (400 mg/day) versus placebo for three days preoperatively. NT-Pro BNP levels (median; IQs) in the CoQ10 and Placebo groups were 179 (75-347) and 217 (109-585) pg/ml, respectively, (P = 0.08) preoperatively, and 397 (211-686) and 591 (288-1,433) pg/ml, respectively, (P = 0.01) post-surgery. Patients with an elevated NT-Pro BNP had a higher incidence of myocardial injury (58% vs. 20%; P < 0.01) and a longer hospital stay (4.4 ± 3.8 vs. 2.8 ± 3.2 days; P < 0.02) compared with individuals without an NT-Pro BNP elevation. In conclusion, BNP predicts adverse outcomes and can be reduced with preoperative CoQ10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asrar Khan
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Debra K Johnson
- Division of Cardiology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Selma Carlson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Division of Cardiology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Laura Hocum-Stone
- Division of Cardiology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Rosemary F Kelly
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Amy A Gravely
- Department of Research Statistical Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Mackenzi Mbai
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Division of Cardiology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Derrick L Green
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Steve Santilli
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Santiago Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Selcuk Adabag
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Division of Cardiology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Edward O McFalls
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Division of Cardiology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Laird-Fick HS, Tokala H, Kandola S, Kehdi M, Pelosi A, Wang L, Grondahl B. Early morphological changes in cardiac mitochondria after subcutaneous administration of trastuzumab in rabbits: possible prevention with oral selenium supplementation. Cardiovasc Pathol 2019; 44:107159. [PMID: 31743871 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2019.107159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab-mediated cardiotoxicity poses a significant challenge in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we conducted experiments to determine ultrastructural changes of rabbit cardiac tissue under different experimental conditions, including differing doses of trastuzumab and supplementation with oral sodium selenite, an antioxidant. Histopathology revealed lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration in myocardium of rabbits receiving four doses of trastuzumab. Transmission electron microscopy showed substantial changes with trastuzumab, including edema with separation of myofibril bundles and rupture of sarcomeres. Within mitochondria, edema resulted in disorganization of the cristae. Some mitochondria exhibited eccentric projections of their membranes with disruption of both inner and outer membranes. These changes were seen to a lesser extent in rabbits who received oral sodium selenite prior to trastuzumab. Selenium is integral to functioning of mitochondrial glutathione peroxidases, important antioxidants that also maintain membrane integrity. If mitochondria are disrupted as part of trastuzumab cardiac toxicity, selenium supplementation might be an important therapeutic or preventive consideration. Larger studies to explore this hypothesis are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hemasri Tokala
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA; Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
| | - Samanjit Kandola
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA; EW Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Michael Kehdi
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA; EW Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Augusta Pelosi
- Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA; Veterinary Heart Center, Juno, Florida, USA.
| | - Ling Wang
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Brian Grondahl
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA; EW Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Deng Y, Chen X, Wang L, Peng X, Lin M. Characterization of unknown impurities in Coenzyme Q10 using LC–MS and NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 175:112771. [PMID: 31330281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
65
|
Abstract
The aging process includes impairment in mitochondrial function, a reduction in anti-oxidant activity, and an increase in oxidative stress, marked by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Oxidative damage to macromolecules including DNA and electron transport proteins likely increases ROS production resulting in further damage. This oxidative theory of cell aging is supported by the fact that diseases associated with the aging process are marked by increased oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels fall with aging in the human but this is not seen in all species or all tissues. It is unknown whether lower CoQ10 levels have a part to play in aging and disease or whether it is an inconsequential cellular response to aging. Despite the current lay public interest in supplementing with CoQ10, there is currently not enough evidence to recommend CoQ10 supplementation as an anti-aging anti-oxidant therapy.
Collapse
|
66
|
Alehagen U, Alexander J, Aaseth J, Larsson A. Decrease in inflammatory biomarker concentration by intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10: a subanalysis of osteopontin, osteoprotergerin, TNFr1, TNFr2 and TWEAK. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2019; 16:5. [PMID: 30923464 PMCID: PMC6421641 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-019-0210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 has been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality, and increase cardiac function in elderly persons with a low intake of selenium. There are indications that one of the mechanisms of this positive effect is a decrease in inflammation. Methods Osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, sTNF receptor 1, sTNF receptor 2 and the tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis called TWEAK, were determined in plasma after 6 months and 42 months in 219 community-living elderly persons, of whom 119 received supplements of selenium (200 μg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/day), and 101 received a placebo. Repeated measures of variance were used to evaluate the levels, and the results were validated through ANCOVA analyses with adjustments for important covariates. Results Significantly lower concentrations of four of the five biomarkers for inflammation were observed as a result of the intervention with the supplements. Only TWEAK did not show significant differences. Conclusion In this sub-analysis of the intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10 or placebo in an elderly community-living population, biomarkers for inflammation were evaluated. A significantly lower concentration in four of the five biomarkers tested could be demonstrated as a result of the supplementation, indicating a robust effect on the inflammatory system. The decrease in inflammation could be one of the mechanisms behind the positive clinical results on reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality reported earlier as a result of the intervention. The study is small and should be regarded as hypothesis-generating, but nonetheless adds important data about mechanisms presently known to increase the risk of clinical effects such as reduced cardiovascular mortality, increased cardiac function and better health-related quality of life scoring, as previously demonstrated in the active treatment group . Trial registration The intervention study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, and has the identifier NCT01443780 and registered on 09/30/2011.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urban Alehagen
- 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Alexander
- 2Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Aaseth
- 3Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.,4Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2411 Elverum, Norway
| | - Anders Larsson
- 5Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Gröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Important drug-micronutrient interactions: A selection for clinical practice. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:257-275. [PMID: 30580552 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1522613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between drugs and micronutrients have received only little or no attention in the medical and pharmaceutical world in the past. Since more and more pharmaceutics are used for the treatment of patients, this topic is increasingly relevant. As such interactions - depending on the duration of treatment and the status of micronutrients - impact the health of the patient and the action of the drugs, physicians and pharmacists should pay more attention to such interactions in the future. This review aims to sensitize physicians and pharmacists on drug micronutrient interactions with selected examples of widely pescribed drugs that can precipitate micronutrient deficiencies. In this context, the pharmacist, as a drug expert, assumes a particular role. Like no other professional in the health care sector, he is particularly predestined and called up to respond to this task. The following article intends to point out the relevance of mutual interactions between micronutrients and various examples of widely used drugs, without claiming to be exhaustive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Gröber
- Academy of Micronutrient Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Kisters
- Academy of Micronutrient Medicine, Essen, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik I, St. Anna Hospital, Herne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Cardiovascular mortality attributable to dietary risk factors in 51 countries in the WHO European Region from 1990 to 2016: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 34:37-55. [PMID: 30547256 PMCID: PMC6325999 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to highlight the relationship between single dietary risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the WHO European Region. We used the comparative risk assessment framework of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate CVD mortality attributable to diet; comprising eleven forms of CVDs, twelve food and nutrient groups and 27 risk-outcome pairs in four GBD regions including 51 countries by age and sex between 1990 and 2016. In 2016, dietary risks were associated with 2.1 million cardiovascular deaths (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 1.7-2.5 million) in the WHO European Region, accounting for 22.4% of all deaths and 49.2% of CVD deaths. In terms of single dietary risks, a diet low in whole grains accounted for approximately 429,000 deaths, followed by a diet low in nuts and seeds (341,000 deaths), a diet low in fruits (262,000 deaths), a diet high in sodium (251,000 deaths), and a diet low in omega-3 fatty acids (227,000 deaths). Thus, with an optimized, i.e. balanced diet, roughly one in every five premature deaths could be prevented. Although age-standardized death rates decreased over the last 26 years, the absolute number of diet-related cardiovascular deaths increased between 2010 and 2016 by 25,600 deaths in Western Europe and by 4300 deaths in Central Asia. In 2016, approximately 601,000 deaths (28.6% of all diet-related CVD deaths) occurred among adults younger than 70 years. Compared to other behavioural risk factors, a balanced diet is a potential key lever to avoid premature deaths.
Collapse
|