51
|
Gelosa P, Castiglioni L, Camera M, Sironi L. Repurposing of drugs approved for cardiovascular diseases: Opportunity or mirage? Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113895. [PMID: 32145263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a promising way in drug discovery to identify new therapeutic uses -different from the original medical indication- for existing drugs. It has many advantages over traditional approaches to de novo drug discovery, since it can significantly reduce healthcare costs and development timeline. In this review, we discuss the possible repurposing of drugs approved for cardiovascular diseases, such as β-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), statins, aspirin, cardiac glycosides and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs). Indeed, numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have reported promising anti-cancer activities for these drugs. It is worth mentioning, however, that the results of these studies are often controversial and very few data were obtained by controlled prospective clinical trials. Therefore, no final conclusion has yet been reached in this area and no final recommendations can be made. Moreover, β-blockers, ARBs and statins showed promising results in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) where pathological conditions other than cancer were considered. The results obtained have led or may lead to new indications for these drugs. For each drug or class of drugs, the potential molecular mechanisms of action justifying repurposing, results obtained in vitro and in animal models and data from epidemiological and randomized studies are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gelosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Castiglioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi Sironi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Glover PA, Goldstein ED, Badi MK, Brigham TJ, Lesser ER, Brott TG, Meschia JF. Treatment of migraine in patients with CADASIL: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Clin Pract 2019; 10:488-496. [PMID: 33520412 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Migraine is a common and often refractory feature for individuals with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) without consensus guidelines for treatment. Migraine treatment poses a theoretical risk within this unique population with precarious cerebrovascular autoregulation, given the vasomodulatory influence of many antimigraine medications. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluate the frequency and efficacy of treatments for migraine in individuals with CADASIL. Methods A search protocol was designed to include all available publications reporting antimigraine therapies for CADASIL. Individual responses to medications were categorized as unfavorable, neutral, or favorable. Responses across medication classes were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Thirteen studies were included, yielding a cohort of 123 individuals with a median age of 53 years (range: 23-83 years), with 61% (75/123) being women. No controlled trials were identified. Simple analgesics (35.8%, 44/123) and beta-blockers (22.0%, 27/123) were the most common abortive and prophylactic strategies, respectively. Over half (54.4%) of all patients had used more than 1 medication sequentially or concomitantly. Beta-blockers were significantly associated with a neutral or unfavorable response (13.5%, 22/163, p = 0.004). We found no significant associations among other medication categories. Conclusions Migraine in CADASIL remains a formidable therapeutic challenge, with patients often tried on several medications. Antimigraine prophylaxis with beta-blockers may be contraindicated relative to other common therapies in CADASIL. Controlled studies are needed to rigorously evaluate the safety and efficacy of antimigraine therapies in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Glover
- Department of Neurology (PAG, EDG, MKB, TGB, JFM), Mayo Clinic; Mayo Clinic Libraries (TJB), Mayo Clinic; and Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (ERL), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Eric D Goldstein
- Department of Neurology (PAG, EDG, MKB, TGB, JFM), Mayo Clinic; Mayo Clinic Libraries (TJB), Mayo Clinic; and Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (ERL), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Mohammed K Badi
- Department of Neurology (PAG, EDG, MKB, TGB, JFM), Mayo Clinic; Mayo Clinic Libraries (TJB), Mayo Clinic; and Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (ERL), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Tara J Brigham
- Department of Neurology (PAG, EDG, MKB, TGB, JFM), Mayo Clinic; Mayo Clinic Libraries (TJB), Mayo Clinic; and Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (ERL), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Elizabeth R Lesser
- Department of Neurology (PAG, EDG, MKB, TGB, JFM), Mayo Clinic; Mayo Clinic Libraries (TJB), Mayo Clinic; and Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (ERL), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Thomas G Brott
- Department of Neurology (PAG, EDG, MKB, TGB, JFM), Mayo Clinic; Mayo Clinic Libraries (TJB), Mayo Clinic; and Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (ERL), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - James F Meschia
- Department of Neurology (PAG, EDG, MKB, TGB, JFM), Mayo Clinic; Mayo Clinic Libraries (TJB), Mayo Clinic; and Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (ERL), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| |
Collapse
|