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Svensson M, Brundin L, Erhardt S, Hållmarker U, James S, Deierborg T. Physical Activity Is Associated With Lower Long-Term Incidence of Anxiety in a Population-Based, Large-Scale Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:714014. [PMID: 34566716 PMCID: PMC8460768 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.714014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity may prevent anxiety, but the importance of exercise intensity, sex-specific mechanisms, and duration of the effects remains largely unknown. We used an observational study design to follow 395,369 individuals for up to 21 years to investigate if participation in an ultralong-distance cross-country ski race (Vasaloppet, up to 90 km) was associated with a lower risk of developing anxiety. Skiers in the race and matched non-skiers from the general population were studied after participation in the race using the Swedish population and patient registries. Skiers (n = 197,685, median age 36 years, 38% women) had a significantly lower risk of developing anxiety during the follow-up compared to non-skiers (adjusted hazard ratio, HR 0.42). However, among women, higher physical performance (measured as the finishing time to complete the race, a proxy for higher exercise dose) was associated with an increased risk of anxiety compared to slower skiing women (HR 2.00). For men, the finishing time of the race did not significantly impact the risk of anxiety. Our results support the recommendations of engaging in physical activity to decrease the risk of anxiety in both men and women. The impact of physical performance level on the risk of anxiety requires further investigations among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Svensson
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MN, United States
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hållmarker
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Mora Hospital, Mora, Sweden
| | - Stefan James
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Ioannidis K, Hook RW, Grant JE, Czabanowska K, Roman-Urrestarazu A, Chamberlain SR. Eating disorders with over-exercise: A cross-sectional analysis of the mediational role of problematic usage of the internet in young people. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 132:215-222. [PMID: 33189357 PMCID: PMC7614800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders are widespread illnesses with significant global impact. There is growing concern about how young people overuse online resources leading to mental health sequelae. We gathered data from 639 individuals from a population cohort. Participants were all young adults at the point of contact and were grouped as having probable eating disorder with excessive exercise (n = 37) or controls (n = 602). We measured obsessionality, compulsivity, impulsivity, and problematic internet use. Group differences in these domains were evaluated; and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to assess structural relationships between variables. Cases had higher scores of obsessional thoughts of threat (Cohen's d = 0.94, p < 0.001), intolerance towards uncertainty (Cohen's d = 0.72; p < 0.001), thoughts of importance and control (Cohen's d = 0.65, p < 0.01), compulsivity (Cohen's d = 0.72; p < 0.001), negative urgency (Cohen's d = 0.75, p < 0.001), and higher problematic usage of the internet (Cohen's d = 0.73; p-corrected <0.001). Our SEM showed significant partial mediation of problematic internet use on both the effect of obsessionality latent factor on cases (z-value = 2.52, p < 0.05), as well as of sensation seeking latent factor on cases (z-value = 2.09, p < 0.05). Youth with eating disorder and heightened exercise levels have increased obsessive thoughts of threat, compulsivity traits and sensation seeking impulsivity. The association between obsessive thoughts and eating disorders, as well as sensation seeking and eating disorders were partially mediated by problematic internet use. Problematic internet use may be playing a role in the development or maintenance of eating disorder symptoms in the background of obsessional thoughts and sensation seeking impulsive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Roxanne W Hook
- Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katarzyna Czabanowska
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andres Roman-Urrestarazu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, UK, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
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Bueno-Antequera J, Mayolas-Pi C, Reverter-Masià J, López-Laval I, Oviedo-Caro MÁ, Munguía-Izquierdo D, Ruidíaz-Peña M, Legaz-Arrese A. Exercise Addiction and Its Relationship with Health Outcomes in Indoor Cycling Practitioners in Fitness Centers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114159. [PMID: 32545197 PMCID: PMC7312881 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the prevalence and possible association between exercise addiction and health in indoor cycling practitioners. In 1014 (492 women) adult indoor cyclists and 926 (597 women) controls with low levels of physical activity according to the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, we examined the risk of exercise addiction according to the Exercise Addiction Inventory and several health outcomes through a web-based experiment. The prevalence of a high risk of exercise addiction in cyclists was 13.3%, and it was higher in men than in women (16.5% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.002). Women cyclists with a high risk of exercise addiction had higher levels of physical activity (p < 0.001; effect size = −0.62, 95% CI: (−0.91, −0.32)) and anxiety symptom severity (p = 0.001; Effect Size (ES) = −0.59 (−0.89, −0.30)) than those with a low risk. For both sexes, cyclists with a low risk of exercise addiction had better social function, emotional role, and anxiety symptom severity compared with the controls (all p < 0.002; ES ranged from 0.25 to 0.47). Higher anxiety symptom severity and cardiorespiratory fitness were the main determinants of exercise addiction in cyclists (both p < 0.001). Our data suggest the importance of considering exercise addiction in indoor cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bueno-Antequera
- Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013 Seville, Spain; (J.B.-A.); (D.M.-I.)
- Research Group in Development Movimiento Humano, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (J.R.-M.); (I.L.-L.); (M.R.-P.); (A.L.-A.)
| | - Carmen Mayolas-Pi
- Research Group in Development Movimiento Humano, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (J.R.-M.); (I.L.-L.); (M.R.-P.); (A.L.-A.)
- Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Section of Physical Education and Sports ES-28029, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquin Reverter-Masià
- Research Group in Development Movimiento Humano, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (J.R.-M.); (I.L.-L.); (M.R.-P.); (A.L.-A.)
- Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Social Work, University of Lleida, ES-25001 Lleida, Spain
| | - Isaac López-Laval
- Research Group in Development Movimiento Humano, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (J.R.-M.); (I.L.-L.); (M.R.-P.); (A.L.-A.)
- Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Section of Physical Education and Sports ES-28029, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Oviedo-Caro
- Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013 Seville, Spain; (J.B.-A.); (D.M.-I.)
- Research Group in Development Movimiento Humano, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (J.R.-M.); (I.L.-L.); (M.R.-P.); (A.L.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954-977-589
| | - Diego Munguía-Izquierdo
- Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013 Seville, Spain; (J.B.-A.); (D.M.-I.)
- Research Group in Development Movimiento Humano, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (J.R.-M.); (I.L.-L.); (M.R.-P.); (A.L.-A.)
- Biomedical Research Networking, Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ruidíaz-Peña
- Research Group in Development Movimiento Humano, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (J.R.-M.); (I.L.-L.); (M.R.-P.); (A.L.-A.)
- Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Section of Physical Education and Sports ES-28029, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Legaz-Arrese
- Research Group in Development Movimiento Humano, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (J.R.-M.); (I.L.-L.); (M.R.-P.); (A.L.-A.)
- Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Section of Physical Education and Sports ES-28029, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Lichtenstein MB, Jensen ES, Szabo A. Exercise addiction, obsessive passion, and the use of nutritional supplements in fitness center attendees. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Beck Lichtenstein
- Department of Clinical Research Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Esben Skov Jensen
- Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Attila Szabo
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
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Mollazadeh Mahally G, Alipour A, Oraki M, Zarghami M. Comparative effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and reality therapy on the quality of life of patients with seborrheic dermatitis. JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jnms.jnms_36_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Colledge F, Cody R, Pühse U, Gerber M. Responses of fitness center employees to cases of suspected eating disorders or excessive exercise. J Eat Disord 2020; 8:8. [PMID: 32140227 PMCID: PMC7050120 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-0284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While exercise and physical activity are important parts of a healthy life, there is evidence that some individuals exercise to a degree which may jeopardize their health. These individuals may in some cases be exercising to lose weight or compensate binge eating episodes as part of an eating disorder. Others may experience an addiction-like relationship with exercise. Fitness center employees are ideally placed to observe these forms of unhealthy behavior, and are responsible for ensuring that clients do not put themselves at undue risk; however, to date, no study has addressed both eating disorders and excessive exercise. Therefore, the aim of our study is to determine whether these employees report incidences of these issues, and if they believe they can differentiate between them. METHODS One-hundred-and-forty fitness centers in the German-speaking regions of Switzerland were contacted. Of these, 99 employees (60 men, 39 women, Mage = 33.33 years, SD = 12.02) responded to an online questionnaire. The questionnaire briefly described the two issues of interest (eating disorders and excessive exercise), and then invited respondents to complete a number of questions detailing whether they had experience with these issues, and how they dealt with them. RESULTS Approximately 75% of the employees had suspected a client of having an eating disorder or exercising excessively, and 65% of these respondents confronted the client at least once. Interestingly, respondents reported clearly that they felt able to differentiate between the two types of disorder. Older respondents were significantly more likely to have suspicions and act on them. However, less than half of the respondents were aware of guidelines addressing this issue, and the majority desired more information about how to identify and address both disorders. CONCLUSIONS Swiss fitness center employees frequently encounter individuals who they suspect of exercising excessively, or suffering from an eating disorder. While they often confront these individuals, they would like more detailed information about how to manage this process. Given that both disorders can potentially lead to severe health consequences, a detailed description of symptoms, management techniques and resources should be a feature in all Swiss fitness center guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Colledge
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320b, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robyn Cody
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320b, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320b, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320b, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
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