51
|
Pulido D, Prats-Ejarque G, Villalba C, Albacar M, Moussaoui M, Andreu D, Volkmer R, Torrent M, Boix E. Positional scanning library applied to the human eosinophil cationic protein/RNase3 N-terminus reveals novel and potent anti-biofilm peptides. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:590-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
52
|
Martínez-Florensa M, Català C, Velasco-de Andrés M, Cañadas O, Fraile-Ágreda V, Casadó-Llombart S, Armiger-Borràs N, Consuegra-Fernández M, Casals C, Lozano F. Conserved Bacterial-Binding Peptides of the Scavenger-Like Human Lymphocyte Receptor CD6 Protect From Mouse Experimental Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:627. [PMID: 29706953 PMCID: PMC5906529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an unmet clinical need constituting one of the most important causes of death worldwide, a fact aggravated by the appearance of multidrug resistant strains due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Host innate immune receptors involved in pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognition represent a source of broad-spectrum therapies alternative or adjunctive to antibiotics. Among the few members of the ancient and highly conserved scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily (SRCR-SF) sharing bacterial-binding properties there is CD6, a lymphocyte-specific surface receptor. Here, we analyze the bacterial-binding properties of three conserved short peptides (11-mer) mapping at extracellular SRCR domains of human CD6 (CD6.PD1, GTVEVRLEASW; CD6.PD2 GRVEMLEHGEW; and CD6.PD3, GQVEVHFRGVW). All peptides show high binding affinity for PAMPs from Gram-negative (lipopolysaccharide; Kd from 3.5 to 3,000 nM) and Gram-positive (lipoteichoic acid; Kd from 36 to 680 nM) bacteria. The CD6.PD3 peptide possesses broad bacterial-agglutination properties and improved survival of mice undergoing polymicrobial sepsis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Accordingly, CD6.PD3 triggers a decrease in serum levels of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial load. Interestingly, CD6.PD3 shows additive survival effects on septic mice when combined with Imipenem/Cilastatin. These results illustrate the therapeutic potential of peptides retaining the bacterial-binding properties of native CD6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Martínez-Florensa
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Català
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Velasco-de Andrés
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Cañadas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Fraile-Ágreda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Casadó-Llombart
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Armiger-Borràs
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Consuegra-Fernández
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Harris SA, Harris EA. Molecular Mechanisms for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Pathogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:48. [PMID: 29559905 PMCID: PMC5845560 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on research in the areas of epidemiology, neuropathology, molecular biology and genetics that implicates herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a causative agent in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Molecular mechanisms whereby HSV-1 induces AD-related pathophysiology and pathology, including neuronal production and accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, and impaired autophagy, are discussed. HSV-1 causes additional AD pathologies through mechanisms that promote neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. The AD susceptibility genes apolipoprotein E (APOE), phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), complement receptor 1 (CR1) and clusterin (CLU) are involved in the HSV lifecycle. Polymorphisms in these genes may affect brain susceptibility to HSV-1 infection. APOE, for example, influences susceptibility to certain viral infections, HSV-1 viral load in the brain, and the innate immune response. The AD susceptibility gene cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is upregulated in the AD brain and is involved in the antiviral immune response. HSV-1 interacts with additional genes to affect cognition-related pathways and key enzymes involved in Aβ production, Aβ clearance, and hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins. Aβ itself functions as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) against various pathogens including HSV-1. Evidence is presented supporting the hypothesis that Aβ is produced as an AMP in response to HSV-1 and other brain infections, leading to Aβ deposition and plaque formation in AD. Epidemiologic studies associating HSV-1 infection with AD and cognitive impairment are discussed. Studies are reviewed supporting subclinical chronic reactivation of latent HSV-1 in the brain as significant in the pathogenesis of AD. Finally, the rationale for and importance of clinical trials treating HSV-1-infected MCI and AD patients with antiviral medication is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Harris
- St. Vincent Medical Group, Northside Internal Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Harris
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Upadhyay A, Mishra A. Amyloids of multiple species: are they helpful in survival? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1363-1386. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan 342011 India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan 342011 India
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Malekkhaiat Häffner S, Nyström L, Nordström R, Xu ZP, Davoudi M, Schmidtchen A, Malmsten M. Membrane interactions and antimicrobial effects of layered double hydroxide nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:23832-23842. [PMID: 28682360 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02701j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Membrane interactions are critical for the successful use of inorganic nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents and as carriers of, or co-actives with, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In order to contribute to an increased understanding of these, we here investigate effects of particle size (42-208 nm) on layered double hydroxide (LDH) interactions with both bacteria-mimicking and mammalian-mimicking lipid membranes. LDH binding to bacteria-mimicking membranes, extraction of anionic lipids, as well as resulting membrane destabilization, was found to increase with decreasing particle size, also translating into size-dependent synergistic effects with the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Due to strong interactions with anionic lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan layers, direct membrane disruption of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria is suppressed. However, LDH nanoparticles cause size-dependent charge reversal and resulting flocculation of both liposomes and bacteria, which may provide a mechanism for bacterial confinement or clearance. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a set of previously unknown behaviors, including synergistic membrane destabilization and dual confinement/killing of bacteria through combined LDH/AMP exposure, of potential therapeutic interest.
Collapse
|
56
|
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of age-related dementia. Effective strategies to prevent and treat AD remain elusive despite major efforts to understand its basic biology and clinical pathophysiology. Significant investments in therapeutic drug discovery programs over the past two decades have yielded some important insights but no blockbuster drugs to alter the course of disease. Because significant memory loss and cognitive decline are associated with neuron death and loss of gray matter, especially in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, some focus in drug development has shifted to early prevention of cellular pathology. Although clinical trial design is challenging, due in part to a lack of robust biomarkers with predictive value, some optimism has come from the identification and study of inherited forms of early-onset AD and genetic risk factors that provide insights about molecular pathophysiology and potential drug targets. In addition, better understanding of the Aβ amyloid pathway and the tau pathway-leading to amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively, which are histopathological hallmarks of AD-continues to drive significant drug research and development programs. The main focus of this review is to summarize the most recent basic biology, biochemistry, and pharmacology that serve as a foundation for more than 50 active advanced-phase clinical trials for AD prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Vallen Graham
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065;
| | - Alessandra Bonito-Oliva
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065;
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065; .,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Structure and Interactions of A Host Defense Antimicrobial Peptide Thanatin in Lipopolysaccharide Micelles Reveal Mechanism of Bacterial Cell Agglutination. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17795. [PMID: 29259246 PMCID: PMC5736615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense cationic Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) can kill microorganisms including bacteria, viruses and fungi using various modes of action. The negatively charged bacterial membranes serve as a key target for many AMPs. Bacterial cell death by membrane permeabilization has been well perceived. A number of cationic AMPs kill bacteria by cell agglutination which is a distinctly different mode of action compared to membrane pore formation. However, mechanism of cell agglutinating AMPs is poorly understood. The outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the cell-wall peptidoglycans are targeted by AMPs as a key step in agglutination process. Here, we report the first atomic-resolution structure of thanatin, a cell agglutinating AMP, in complex with LPS micelle by solution NMR. The structure of thanatin in complex with LPS, revealed four stranded antiparallel β-sheet in a ‘head-tail’ dimeric topology. By contrast, thanatin in free solution assumed an antiparallel β-hairpin conformation. Dimeric structure of thanatin displayed higher hydrophobicity and cationicity with sites of LPS interactions. MD simulations and biophysical interactions analyses provided mode of LPS recognition and perturbation of LPS micelle structures. Mechanistic insights of bacterial cell agglutination obtained in this study can be utilized to develop antibiotics of alternative mode of action.
Collapse
|
58
|
Kumar DKV, Choi SH, Washicosky KJ, Eimer WA, Tucker S, Ghofrani J, Lefkowitz A, McColl G, Goldstein LE, Tanzi RE, Moir RD. Amyloid-β peptide protects against microbial infection in mouse and worm models of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:340ra72. [PMID: 27225182 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 677] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is a key protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We previously reported in vitro evidence suggesting that Aβ is an antimicrobial peptide. We present in vivo data showing that Aβ expression protects against fungal and bacterial infections in mouse, nematode, and cell culture models of AD. We show that Aβ oligomerization, a behavior traditionally viewed as intrinsically pathological, may be necessary for the antimicrobial activities of the peptide. Collectively, our data are consistent with a model in which soluble Aβ oligomers first bind to microbial cell wall carbohydrates via a heparin-binding domain. Developing protofibrils inhibited pathogen adhesion to host cells. Propagating β-amyloid fibrils mediate agglutination and eventual entrapment of unatttached microbes. Consistent with our model, Salmonella Typhimurium bacterial infection of the brains of transgenic 5XFAD mice resulted in rapid seeding and accelerated β-amyloid deposition, which closely colocalized with the invading bacteria. Our findings raise the intriguing possibility that β-amyloid may play a protective role in innate immunity and infectious or sterile inflammatory stimuli may drive amyloidosis. These data suggest a dual protective/damaging role for Aβ, as has been described for other antimicrobial peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Vijaya Kumar
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Se Hoon Choi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kevin J Washicosky
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - William A Eimer
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Stephanie Tucker
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jessica Ghofrani
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Aaron Lefkowitz
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Gawain McColl
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lee E Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Robert D Moir
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Zeng L, Zhang L, Wang P, Meng G. Structural basis of host recognition and biofilm formation by Salmonella Saf pili. eLife 2017; 6:28619. [PMID: 29125121 PMCID: PMC5700814 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pili are critical in host recognition, colonization and biofilm formation during bacterial infection. Here, we report the crystal structures of SafD-dsc and SafD-SafA-SafA (SafDAA-dsc) in Saf pili. Cell adherence assays show that SafD and SafA are both required for host recognition, suggesting a poly-adhesive mechanism for Saf pili. Moreover, the SafDAA-dsc structure, as well as SAXS characterization, reveals an unexpected inter-molecular oligomerization, prompting the investigation of Saf-driven self-association in biofilm formation. The bead/cell aggregation and biofilm formation assays are used to demonstrate the novel function of Saf pili. Structure-based mutants targeting the inter-molecular hydrogen bonds and complementary architecture/surfaces in SafDAA-dsc dimers significantly impaired the Saf self-association activity and biofilm formation. In summary, our results identify two novel functions of Saf pili: the poly-adhesive and self-associating activities. More importantly, Saf-Saf structures and functional characterizations help to define a pili-mediated inter-cellular oligomerizaiton mechanism for bacterial aggregation, colonization and ultimate biofilm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Arranz-Trullén J, Lu L, Pulido D, Bhakta S, Boix E. Host Antimicrobial Peptides: The Promise of New Treatment Strategies against Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1499. [PMID: 29163551 PMCID: PMC5681943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a devastating infectious disease and remerges as a global health emergency due to an alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance to its treatment. Despite of the serious effort that has been applied to develop effective antitubercular chemotherapies, the potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) remains underexploited. A large amount of literature is now accessible on the AMP mechanisms of action against a diversity of pathogens; nevertheless, research on their activity on mycobacteria is still scarce. In particular, there is an urgent need to integrate all available interdisciplinary strategies to eradicate extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. In this context, we should not underestimate our endogenous antimicrobial proteins and peptides as ancient players of the human host defense system. We are confident that novel antibiotics based on human AMPs displaying a rapid and multifaceted mechanism, with reduced toxicity, should significantly contribute to reverse the tide of antimycobacterial drug resistance. In this review, we have provided an up to date perspective of the current research on AMPs to be applied in the fight against TB. A better understanding on the mechanisms of action of human endogenous peptides should ensure the basis for the best guided design of novel antitubercular chemotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arranz-Trullén
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Lu
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - David Pulido
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ester Boix
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Malekkhaiat Häffner S, Malmsten M. Membrane interactions and antimicrobial effects of inorganic nanoparticles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 248:105-128. [PMID: 28807368 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between nanoparticles and biological membranes are attracting increasing attention in current nanomedicine, and play a key role both for nanotoxicology and for utilizing nanomaterials in diagnostics, drug delivery, functional biomaterials, as well as combinations of these, e.g., in theranostics. In addition, there is considerable current interest in the use of nanomaterials as antimicrobial agents, motivated by increasing resistance development against conventional antibiotics. Here, various nanomaterials offer opportunities for triggered functionalites to combat challenging infections. Although the performance in these diverse applications is governed by a complex interplay between the nanomaterial, the properties of included drugs (if any), and the biological system, nanoparticle-membrane interactions constitute a key initial step and play a key role for the subsequent biological response. In the present overview, the current understanding of inorganic nanomaterials as antimicrobial agents is outlined, with special focus on the interplay between antimicrobial effects and membrane interactions, and how membrane interactions and antimicrobial effects of such materials depend on nanoparticle properties, membrane composition, and external (e.g., light and magnetic) fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Pulido D, Garcia-Mayoral MF, Moussaoui M, Velázquez D, Torrent M, Bruix M, Boix E. Structural basis for endotoxin neutralization by the eosinophil cationic protein. FEBS J 2016; 283:4176-4191. [PMID: 27696685 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute infection by Gram-negative pathogens can induce an exacerbated immune response that leads to lethal septic shock syndrome. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecule that can initiate massive and lethal immune system stimulation. Therefore, the development of new and effective LPS-neutralizing agents is a top priority. The eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is an antimicrobial protein secreted in response to infection, with a remarkable affinity for LPS. In the present study, we demonstrate that ECP is able to neutralize bacterial LPS and inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α production in human macrophages. We also characterized ECP neutralizing activity using progressively truncated LPS mutants, and conclude that the polysaccharide moiety and lipid A portions are required for LPS-mediated neutralization. In addition, we mapped the structural determinants required for the ECP-LPS interaction by nuclear magnetic resonance. Our results show that ECP is able to neutralize LPS and therefore opens a new route for developing novel therapeutic agents based on the ECP structural scaffolding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Pulido
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Mohammed Moussaoui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Diego Velázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marc Torrent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marta Bruix
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
A Novel RNase 3/ECP Peptide for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Eradication That Combines Antimicrobial, Lipopolysaccharide Binding, and Cell-Agglutinating Activities. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6313-25. [PMID: 27527084 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00830-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eradication of established biofilm communities of pathogenic Gram-negative species is one of the pending challenges for the development of new antimicrobial agents. In particular, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the main dreaded nosocomial species, with a tendency to form organized microbial communities that offer an enhanced resistance to conventional antibiotics. We describe here an engineered antimicrobial peptide (AMP) which combines bactericidal activity with a high bacterial cell agglutination and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affinity. The RN3(5-17P22-36) peptide is a 30-mer derived from the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), a host defense RNase secreted by eosinophils upon infection, with a wide spectrum of antipathogen activity. The protein displays high biofilm eradication activity that is not dependent on its RNase catalytic activity, as evaluated by using an active site-defective mutant. On the other hand, the peptide encompasses both the LPS-binding and aggregation-prone regions from the parental protein, which provide the appropriate structural features for the peptide's attachment to the bacterial exopolysaccharide layer and further improved removal of established biofilms. Moreover, the peptide's high cationicity and amphipathicity promote the cell membrane destabilization action. The results are also compared side by side with other reported AMPs effective against either planktonic and/or biofilm forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1. The ECP and its derived peptide are unique in combining high bactericidal potency and cell agglutination activity, achieving effective biofilm eradication at a low micromolar range. We conclude that the designed RN3(5-17P22-36) peptide is a promising lead candidate against Gram-negative biofilms.
Collapse
|
64
|
Gupta SK, Haigh BJ, Wheeler TT. Abundance of RNase4 and RNase5 mRNA and protein in host defence related tissues and secretions in cattle. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:261-267. [PMID: 28955965 PMCID: PMC5613968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the RNaseA family are present in various tissues and secretions but their function is not well understood. Some of the RNases are proposed to participate in host defence. RNase4 and RNase5 are present in cows' milk and have antimicrobial activity. However, their presence in many tissues and secretions has not been characterised. We hypothesised that these two RNases are present in a range of tissues and secretions where they could contribute to host defence. We therefore, determined the relative abundance of RNase4 and RNase5 mRNA as well as protein levels in a range of host defence related and other tissues as well as a range of secretions in cattle, using real time PCR and western blotting. The two RNases were found to be expressed in liver, lung, pancreas, mammary gland, placenta, endometrium, small intestine, seminal vesicle, salivary gland, kidney, spleen, lymph node, skin as well as testes. Corresponding proteins were also detected in many of the above tissues, as well as in seminal fluid, mammary secretions and saliva. This study provides evidence for the presence of RNase4 and RNase5 in a range of tissues and secretions, as well as some major organs in cattle. The data are consistent with the idea that these proteins could contribute to host defence in these locations. This work contributes to growing body of data suggesting that these proteins contribute to the physiology of the organism in a more complex way than acting merely as digestive enzymes. RNase4 and RNase5 are present in several tissues and secretions in cattle. mRNA and protein levels of the RNases correlate in various tissues analysed. The RNases could contribute to host defence in these tissues and secretions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Gupta
- Dairy Foods, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Brendan J Haigh
- Dairy Foods, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Thomas T Wheeler
- Dairy Foods, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Spitzer P, Condic M, Herrmann M, Oberstein TJ, Scharin-Mehlmann M, Gilbert DF, Friedrich O, Grömer T, Kornhuber J, Lang R, Maler JM. Amyloidogenic amyloid-β-peptide variants induce microbial agglutination and exert antimicrobial activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32228. [PMID: 27624303 PMCID: PMC5021948 DOI: 10.1038/srep32228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are the main components of the plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, Aβ peptides are also detectable in secretory compartments and peripheral blood contains a complex mixture of more than 40 different modified and/or N- and C-terminally truncated Aβ peptides. Recently, anti-infective properties of Aβ peptides have been reported. Here, we investigated the interaction of Aβ peptides of different lengths with various bacterial strains and the yeast Candida albicans. The amyloidogenic peptides Aβ1-42, Aβ2-42, and Aβ3p-42 but not the non-amyloidogenic peptides Aβ1-40 and Aβ2-40 bound to microbial surfaces. As observed by immunocytochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and Gram staining, treatment of several bacterial strains and Candida albicans with Aβ peptide variants ending at position 42 (Aβx-42) caused the formation of large agglutinates. These aggregates were not detected after incubation with Aβx-40. Furthermore, Aβx-42 exerted an antimicrobial activity on all tested pathogens, killing up to 80% of microorganisms within 6 h. Aβ1-40 only had a moderate antimicrobial activity against C. albicans. Agglutination of Aβ1-42 was accelerated in the presence of microorganisms. These data demonstrate that the amyloidogenic Aβx-42 variants have antimicrobial activity and may therefore act as antimicrobial peptides in the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mateja Condic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Medicine III, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Gluecksstraße 4a, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina Scharin-Mehlmann
- Electron Devices, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 6, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel F Gilbert
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Teja Grömer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Wasserturmstr. 3/5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Koczera P, Martin L, Marx G, Schuerholz T. The Ribonuclease A Superfamily in Humans: Canonical RNases as the Buttress of Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081278. [PMID: 27527162 PMCID: PMC5000675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the ribonuclease A (RNase A) superfamily contains eight different members that have RNase activities, and all of these members are encoded on chromosome 14. The proteins are secreted by a large variety of different tissues and cells; however, a comprehensive understanding of these proteins’ physiological roles is lacking. Different biological effects can be attributed to each protein, including antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activities as well as cytotoxic effects against host cells and parasites. Different immunomodulatory effects have also been demonstrated. This review summarizes the available data on the human RNase A superfamily and illustrates the significant role of the eight canonical RNases in inflammation and the host defence system against infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Koczera
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
- Department for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Lukas Martin
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Tobias Schuerholz
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Salazar VA, Arranz-Trullén J, Navarro S, Blanco JA, Sánchez D, Moussaoui M, Boix E. Exploring the mechanisms of action of human secretory RNase 3 and RNase 7 against Candida albicans. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:830-845. [PMID: 27277554 PMCID: PMC5061719 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human antimicrobial RNases, which belong to the vertebrate RNase A superfamily and are secreted upon infection, display a wide spectrum of antipathogen activities. In this work, we examined the antifungal activity of the eosinophil RNase 3 and the skin-derived RNase 7, two proteins expressed by innate cell types that are directly involved in the host defense against fungal infection. Candida albicans has been selected as a suitable working model for testing RNase activities toward a eukaryotic pathogen. We explored the distinct levels of action of both RNases on yeast by combining cell viability and membrane model assays together with protein labeling and confocal microscopy. Site-directed mutagenesis was applied to ablate either the protein active site or the key anchoring region for cell binding. This is the first integrated study that highlights the RNases' dual mechanism of action. Along with an overall membrane-destabilization process, the RNases could internalize and target cellular RNA. The data support the contribution of the enzymatic activity for the antipathogen action of both antimicrobial proteins, which can be envisaged as suitable templates for the development of novel antifungal drugs. We suggest that both human RNases work as multitasking antimicrobial proteins that provide a first line immune barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian A Salazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Spain
| | - Javier Arranz-Trullén
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Spain
| | - Susanna Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Spain
| | - Jose A Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Spain
| | - Mohammed Moussaoui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Insights into the Antimicrobial Mechanism of Action of Human RNase6: Structural Determinants for Bacterial Cell Agglutination and Membrane Permeation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:552. [PMID: 27089320 PMCID: PMC4849008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Ribonuclease 6 is a secreted protein belonging to the ribonuclease A (RNaseA) superfamily, a vertebrate specific family suggested to arise with an ancestral host defense role. Tissue distribution analysis revealed its expression in innate cell types, showing abundance in monocytes and neutrophils. Recent evidence of induction of the protein expression by bacterial infection suggested an antipathogen function in vivo. In our laboratory, the antimicrobial properties of the protein have been evaluated against Gram-negative and Gram-positive species and its mechanism of action was characterized using a membrane model. Interestingly, our results indicate that RNase6, as previously reported for RNase3, is able to specifically agglutinate Gram-negative bacteria as a main trait of its antimicrobial activity. Moreover, a side by side comparative analysis with the RN6(1-45) derived peptide highlights that the antimicrobial activity is mostly retained at the protein N-terminus. Further work by site directed mutagenesis and structural analysis has identified two residues involved in the protein antimicrobial action (Trp1 and Ile13) that are essential for the cell agglutination properties. This is the first structure-functional characterization of RNase6 antimicrobial properties, supporting its contribution to the infection focus clearance.
Collapse
|
69
|
Ventura S. Curing bacterial infections with protein aggregates. Mol Microbiol 2016; 99:827-30. [PMID: 26714186 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of human diseases seem to be associated with protein misfolding and deposition into aggregates. Bednarska and colleagues exploit the cytotoxic nature of protein aggregates to target bacterial infections. Protein aggregation is at the same time generic and sequence dependent; this allowed the authors to develop novel aggregation-prone antimicrobial peptides that penetrate bacteria and induce a peptide specific proteostatic collapse that leads to fast bacterial death, without any observable effects on host cells. The applicability of this intriguing strategy was demonstrated by curing animal models from bacterial sepsis. Although the precise mechanisms underlying the bactericidal activity of the peptide aggregates are still not clear, there is no doubt that this approach offers an exciting therapeutic alternative to conventional antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-, Bellaterra, (Barcelona), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Diversity, Antimicrobial Action and Structure-Activity Relationship of Buffalo Cathelicidins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144741. [PMID: 26675301 PMCID: PMC4684500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins are an ancient class of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with broad spectrum bactericidal activities. In this study, we investigated the diversity and biological activity of cathelicidins of buffalo, a species known for its disease resistance. A series of new homologs of cathelicidin4 (CATHL4), which were structurally diverse in their antimicrobial domain, was identified in buffalo. AMPs of newly identified buffalo CATHL4s (buCATHL4s) displayed potent antimicrobial activity against selected Gram positive (G+) and Gram negative (G-) bacteria. These peptides were prompt to disrupt the membrane integrity of bacteria and induced specific changes such as blebing, budding, and pore like structure formation on bacterial membrane. The peptides assumed different secondary structure conformations in aqueous and membrane-mimicking environments. Simulation studies suggested that the amphipathic design of buCATHL4 was crucial for water permeation following membrane disruption. A great diversity, broad-spectrum antimicrobial action, and ability to induce an inflammatory response indicated the pleiotropic role of cathelicidins in innate immunity of buffalo. This study suggests short buffalo cathelicidin peptides with potent bactericidal properties and low cytotoxicity have potential translational applications for the development of novel antibiotics and antimicrobial peptidomimetics.
Collapse
|
71
|
Toxicity of eosinophil MBP is repressed by intracellular crystallization and promoted by extracellular aggregation. Mol Cell 2015; 57:1011-1021. [PMID: 25728769 PMCID: PMC4904734 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are white blood cells that function in innate immunity and participate in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and neoplastic disorders. Their secretory granules contain four cytotoxic proteins, including the eosinophil major basic protein (MBP-1). How MBP-1 toxicity is controlled within the eosinophil itself and activated upon extracellular release is unknown. Here we show how intragranular MBP-1 nanocrystals restrain toxicity, enabling its safe storage, and characterize them with an X-ray-free electron laser. Following eosinophil activation, MBP-1 toxicity is triggered by granule acidification, followed by extracellular aggregation, which mediates the damage to pathogens and host cells. Larger non-toxic amyloid plaques are also present in tissues of eosinophilic patients in a feedback mechanism that likely limits tissue damage under pathological conditions of MBP-1 oversecretion. Our results suggest that MBP-1 aggregation is important for innate immunity and immunopathology mediated by eosinophils and clarify how its polymorphic self-association pathways regulate toxicity intra- and extracellularly.
Collapse
|
72
|
Salazar VA, Rubin J, Moussaoui M, Pulido D, Nogués MV, Venge P, Boix E. Protein post-translational modification in host defense: the antimicrobial mechanism of action of human eosinophil cationic protein native forms. FEBS J 2014; 281:5432-46. [PMID: 25271100 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on the contribution of protein glycosylation in host defense antimicrobial peptides is still scarce. We have studied here how the post-translational modification pattern modulates the antimicrobial activity of one of the best characterized leukocyte granule proteins. The human eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), an eosinophil specific granule protein secreted during inflammation and infection, can target a wide variety of pathogens. Previous work in human eosinophil extracts identified several ECP native forms and glycosylation heterogeneity was found to contribute to the protein biological properties. In this study we analyze for the first time the antimicrobial activity of the distinct native proteins purified from healthy donor blood. Low and heavy molecular weight forms were tested on Escherichia coli cell cultures and compared with the recombinant non-glycosylated protein. Further analysis on model membranes provided an insight towards an understanding of the protein behavior at the cytoplasmic membrane level. The results highlight the significant reduction in protein toxicity and bacteria agglutination activity for heavy glycosylated fractions. Notwithstanding, the lower glycosylated fraction mostly retains the lipopolysaccharide binding affinity together with the cytoplasmic membrane depolarization and membrane leakage activities. From structural analysis we propose that heavy glycosylation interferes with the protein self-aggregation, hindering the cell agglutination and membrane disruption processes. The results suggest the contribution of post-translational modifications to the antimicrobial role of ECP in host defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian A Salazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Lata K, Chattopadhyay K. Helicobacter pylori TlyA agglutinates liposomes and induces fusion and permeabilization of the liposome membranes. Biochemistry 2014; 53:3553-63. [PMID: 24846696 DOI: 10.1021/bi500152n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori TlyA is a pore-forming hemolysin with potent cytotoxic activity. To explore the potential membrane-damaging activity of H. pylori TlyA, we have studied its interaction with the synthetic liposome vesicles. In our study, H. pylori TlyA shows a prominent ability to associate with the liposome vesicles without displaying an obligatory requirement for any protein receptor on the liposome membranes. Interaction of TlyA triggers agglutination of the liposome vesicles. Such agglutinating activity of TlyA could also be observed with erythrocytes before the induction of its pore-forming hemolytic activity. In addition to its agglutinating activity against liposomes, TlyA also induces fusion and disruption of the liposome membranes. Altogether, our study highlights novel membrane-damaging properties of H. pylori TlyA that have not been documented previously with any other TlyA family protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Lata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Abstract
Experimental and clinical data strongly support a role for the eosinophil in the pathogenesis of asthma, allergic and parasitic diseases, and hypereosinophilic syndromes, in addition to more recently identified immunomodulatory roles in shaping innate host defense, adaptive immunity, tissue repair/remodeling, and maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis. A seminal finding was the dependence of allergic airway inflammation on eosinophil-induced recruitment of Th2-polarized effector T-cells to the lung, providing a missing link between these innate immune effectors (eosinophils) and adaptive T-cell responses. Eosinophils come equipped with preformed enzymatic and nonenzymatic cationic proteins, stored in and selectively secreted from their large secondary (specific) granules. These proteins contribute to the functions of the eosinophil in airway inflammation, tissue damage, and remodeling in the asthmatic diathesis. Studies using eosinophil-deficient mouse models, including eosinophil-derived granule protein double knock-out mice (major basic protein-1/eosinophil peroxidase dual gene deletion) show that eosinophils are required for all major hallmarks of asthma pathophysiology: airway epithelial damage and hyperreactivity, and airway remodeling including smooth muscle hyperplasia and subepithelial fibrosis. Here we review key molecular aspects of these eosinophil-derived granule proteins in terms of structure-function relationships to advance understanding of their roles in eosinophil cell biology, molecular biology, and immunobiology in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ravi Acharya
- From the Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom and
| | - Steven J Ackerman
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Jearaphunt M, Noonin C, Jiravanichpaisal P, Nakamura S, Tassanakajon A, Söderhäll I, Söderhäll K. Caspase-1-like regulation of the proPO-system and role of ppA and caspase-1-like cleaved peptides from proPO in innate immunity. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004059. [PMID: 24722332 PMCID: PMC3983073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates rely on innate immunity to respond to the entry of foreign microorganisms. One of the important innate immune responses in arthropods is the activation of prophenoloxidase (proPO) by a proteolytic cascade finalized by the proPO-activating enzyme (ppA), which leads to melanization and the elimination of pathogens. Proteolytic cascades play a crucial role in innate immune reactions because they can be triggered more quickly than immune responses that require altered gene expression. Caspases are intracellular proteases involved in tightly regulated limited proteolysis of downstream processes and are also involved in inflammatory responses to infections for example by activation of interleukin 1ß. Here we show for the first time a link between caspase cleavage of proPO and release of this protein and the biological function of these fragments in response to bacterial infection in crayfish. Different fragments from the cleavage of proPO were studied to determine their roles in bacterial clearance and antimicrobial activity. These fragments include proPO-ppA, the N-terminal part of proPO cleaved by ppA, and proPO-casp1 and proPO-casp2, the fragments from the N-terminus after cleavage by caspase-1. The recombinant proteins corresponding to all three of these peptide fragments exhibited bacterial clearance activity in vivo, and proPO-ppA had antimicrobial activity, as evidenced by a drastic decrease in the number of Escherichia coli in vitro. The bacteria incubated with the proPO-ppA fragment were agglutinated and their cell morphology was altered. Our findings show an evolutionary conserved role for caspase cleavage in inflammation, and for the first time show a link between caspase induced inflammation and melanization. Further we give a more detailed understanding of how the proPO system is regulated in time and place and a role for the peptide generated by activation of proPO as well as for the peptides resulting from Caspase 1 proteolysis. Melanization is an important reaction in most multicellular organisms, both animals and plants. The initiation steps of this reaction in invertebrates are catalyzed by the prophenoloxidase (proPO) activating system a proteolytic enzyme cascade, which primary function is to recognize cell wall products from microorganisms and respond by activation of the system and generation of immune effector molecules. This cascade requires careful regulation to achieve spatial and temporal control to avoid dangerous side effects. We here show that a Caspase1-like enzyme can inactivate proPO when ppA is not activating the proPO to avoid deleterious effects and further we show for the first time that the N-terminal peptide from ppA cleavage of proPO (activation of proPO) has an important biological function as also the Caspase1 cleaved fragments. Our results also show that Caspase 1-induced inflammatory response is evolutionarily conserved and is linked to melanization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miti Jearaphunt
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chadanat Noonin
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pikul Jiravanichpaisal
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Seiko Nakamura
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Irene Söderhäll
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Ribonucleases as a host-defence family: evidence of evolutionarily conserved antimicrobial activity at the N-terminus. Biochem J 2013; 456:99-108. [PMID: 23962023 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate secreted RNases (ribonucleases) are small proteins that play important roles in RNA metabolism, angiogenesis or host defence. In the present study we describe the antimicrobial properties of the N-terminal domain of the hcRNases (human canonical RNases) and show that their antimicrobial activity is well conserved among their lineage. Furthermore, all domains display a similar antimicrobial mechanism, characterized by bacteria agglutination followed by membrane permeabilization. The results of the present study show that, for all antimicrobial hcRNases, (i) activity is retained at the N-terminus and (ii) the antimicrobial mechanism is conserved. Moreover, using computational analysis we show that antimicrobial propensity may be conserved at the N-terminus for all vertebrate RNases, thereby suggesting that a defence mechanism could be a primary function in vertebrate RNases and that the N-terminus was selected to ensure this property. In a broader context, from the overall comparison of the peptides' physicochemical and biological properties, general correlation rules could be drawn to assist in the structure-based development of antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
|
77
|
Pulido D, Moussaoui M, Nogués MV, Torrent M, Boix E. Towards the rational design of antimicrobial proteins. FEBS J 2013; 280:5841-52. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Pulido
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Mohammed Moussaoui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - M. Victòria Nogués
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Marc Torrent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Francis Crick Avenue; Cambridge CB2 0QH UK
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Pulido D, Torrent M, Andreu D, Nogués MV, Boix E. Two human host defense ribonucleases against mycobacteria, the eosinophil cationic protein (RNase 3) and RNase 7. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:3797-805. [PMID: 23716047 PMCID: PMC3719706 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00428-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop new agents against mycobacterial infections, such as tuberculosis and other respiratory tract or skin affections. In this study, we have tested two human antimicrobial RNases against mycobacteria. RNase 3, also called the eosinophil cationic protein, and RNase 7 are two small cationic proteins secreted by innate cells during host defense. Both proteins are induced upon infection displaying a wide range of antipathogen activities. In particular, they are released by leukocytes and epithelial cells, contributing to tissue protection. Here, the two RNases have been proven effective against Mycobacterium vaccae at a low micromolar level. High bactericidal activity correlated with their bacterial membrane depolarization and permeabilization activities. Further analysis on both protein-derived peptides identified for RNase 3 an N-terminus fragment that is even more active than the parental protein. Also, a potent bacterial agglutinating activity was unique to RNase 3 and its derived peptide. The particular biophysical properties of the RNase 3 active peptide are envisaged as a suitable reference for the development of novel antimycobacterial drugs. The results support the contribution of secreted RNases to the host immune response against mycobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Pulido
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marc Torrent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Nogués
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI) binds bacteria, enhances bacterial phagocytosis by macrophages, and can protect against vaginal infection by a sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:2443-50. [PMID: 23507280 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02464-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI) is a positively charged amyloid fibril that is derived from a self-assembling proteolytic cleavage fragment of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP(248-286)). SEVI efficiently facilitates HIV-1 infection in vitro, but its normal physiologic function remains unknown. In light of the fact that other amyloidogenic peptides have been shown to possess direct antibacterial activity, we investigated whether SEVI could inhibit bacterial growth. Neither SEVI fibrils nor the unassembled PAP(248-286) peptide had significant direct antibacterial activity in vitro. However, SEVI fibrils bound to both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) bacteria, in a charge-dependent fashion. Furthermore, SEVI fibrils but not the monomeric PAP(248-286) peptide promoted bacterial aggregation and enhanced the phagocytosis of bacteria by primary human macrophages. SEVI also enhanced binding of bacteria to macrophages and the subsequent release of bacterially induced proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and IL-1β). Finally, SEVI fibrils inhibited murine vaginal colonization with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. These findings demonstrate that SEVI has indirect antimicrobial activity and that this activity is dependent on both the cationic charge and the fibrillar nature of SEVI.
Collapse
|