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Hommen F, Bilican S, Vilchez D. Protein clearance strategies for disease intervention. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 129:141-172. [PMID: 34689261 PMCID: PMC8541819 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is essential for cell function and viability. Unwanted, damaged, misfolded and aggregated proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Growing evidence indicates that alterations in these major proteolytic mechanisms lead to a demise in proteostasis, contributing to the onset and development of distinct diseases. Indeed, dysregulation of the UPS or autophagy is linked to several neurodegenerative, infectious and inflammatory disorders as well as cancer. Thus, modulation of protein clearance pathways is a promising approach for therapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent findings and open questions on how targeting proteolytic mechanisms could be applied for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hommen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saygın Bilican
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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52
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GPNMB mitigates Alzheimer's disease and enhances autophagy via suppressing the mTOR signal. Neurosci Lett 2021; 767:136300. [PMID: 34695452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation. We found that glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) was highly expressed in the brain of APP/PS1 mice, a mouse model of AD. However, its role in AD remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the function of GPNMB in AD. The expression of GPNMB in the brain was detected by immunofluorescence and western blot. In addition, the role of GPNMB in AD was explored through gain-of-function. Autophagy, which is beneficial to Aβ clearance, was evaluated by transmission electron microscope and immunofluorescence with beclin-1. Furthermore, 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, was employed to evidence whether GPNMB reduced the level of Aβ through autophagy. We found that over-expression of GPNMB improved AD-like behaviors in APP/PS1 mice and reduced Aβ deposition. Further study showed that GPNMB enhanced autophagy, reduced microglial cells and inhibited the activation of the mTOR signal. Additionally, treatment with 3-MA abolished the beneficial effect of GPNMB on Aβ clearance. This study revealed that the high level of GPNMB in AD brain may help Aβ clearance and improve AD-like behaviors through enhancing autophagy via suppressing the mTOR signal. This beneficial role of GPNMB provides us novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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53
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Manochkumar J, Doss CGP, El-Seedi HR, Efferth T, Ramamoorthy S. The neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153676. [PMID: 34339943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on neurodegenerative diseases, the pathogenesis and treatment response of neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. Recent studies revealed a significant role of carotenoids to treat neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to systematically review the neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vivo and in vitro and the molecular mechanisms and pathological factors contributing to major neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke). HYPOTHESIS Carotenoids as therapeutic molecules to target neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS Aggregation of toxic proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, the excitotoxic pathway, and neuroinflammation were the major pathological factors contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies supported the beneficiary role of carotenoids, namely lycopene, β-carotene, crocin, crocetin, lutein, fucoxanthin and astaxanthin in alleviating disease progression. These carotenoids provide neuroprotection by inhibition of neuro-inflammation, microglial activation, excitotoxic pathway, modulation of autophagy, attenuation of oxidative damage and activation of defensive antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, studies conducted on humans also demonstrated that dietary intake of carotenoids lowers the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION Carotenoids may be used as drugs to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases. Although, the in vitro and in vivo results are encouraging, further well conducted clinical studies on humans are required to conclude about the full potential of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Manochkumar
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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54
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Sohn HY, Kim SI, Park JY, Park SH, Koh YH, Kim J, Jo C. ApoE4 attenuates autophagy via FoxO3a repression in the brain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17604. [PMID: 34475505 PMCID: PMC8413297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays multiple roles in lipid transport, neuronal signaling, glucose metabolism, mitochondrial function, and inflammation in the brain. It is also associated with neurodegenerative diseases, and its influence differs depending on the isoform. In particular, the ε4 allele of APOE is the highest genetic risk factor for developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism by which ApoE4 contributes to the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear. We investigated the effect of ApoE4 on autophagy in the human brains of ApoE4 carriers. Compared to non-carriers, the expression of FoxO3a regulating autophagy-related genes was significantly reduced in ApoE4 carriers, and the phosphorylation level of FoxO3a at Ser253 increased in ApoE4 carriers, indicating that FoxO3a is considerably repressed in ApoE4 carriers. As a result, the protein expression of FoxO3a downstream genes, such as Atg12, Beclin-1, BNIP3, and PINK1, was significantly decreased, likely leading to dysfunction of both autophagy and mitophagy in ApoE4 carriers. In addition, phosphorylated tau accumulated more in ApoE4 carriers than in non-carriers. Taken together, our results suggest that ApoE4 might attenuate autophagy via the repression of FoxO3a in AD pathogenesis. The regulation of the ApoE4-FoxO3a axis may provide a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of AD with the APOE4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Sohn
- grid.415482.e0000 0004 0647 4899Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159 Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ik Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yun Park
- grid.415482.e0000 0004 0647 4899Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- grid.415482.e0000 0004 0647 4899Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Chulman Jo
- grid.415482.e0000 0004 0647 4899Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159 Republic of Korea
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55
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Liśkiewicz D, Liśkiewicz A, Nowacka-Chmielewska MM, Grabowski M, Pondel N, Grabowska K, Student S, Barski JJ, Małecki A. Differential Response of Hippocampal and Cerebrocortical Autophagy and Ketone Body Metabolism to the Ketogenic Diet. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:733607. [PMID: 34456688 PMCID: PMC8385303 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.733607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical data support the neuroprotective properties of the ketogenic diet and ketone bodies, but there is still a lot to discover to comprehensively understand the underlying mechanisms. Autophagy is a key mechanism for maintaining cell homeostasis, and therefore its proper function is necessary for preventing accelerated brain aging and neurodegeneration. Due to many potential interconnections, it is possible that the stimulation of autophagy may be one of the mediators of the neuroprotection afforded by the ketogenic diet. Recent studies point to possible interconnections between ketone body metabolism and autophagy. It has been shown that autophagy is essential for hepatic and renal ketogenesis in starvation. On the other hand, exogenous ketone bodies modulate autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Many regional differences occur between brain structures which concern i.e., metabolic responses and autophagy dynamics. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the ketogenic diet on autophagic markers and the ketone body utilizing and transporting proteins in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. C57BL/6N male mice were fed with two ketogenic chows composed of fat of either animal or plant origins for 4 weeks. Markers of autophagosome formation as well as proteins associated with ketolysis (BDH1-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1, SCOT/OXCT1-succinyl CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase), ketone transport (MCT1-monocarboxylate transporter 1) and ketogenesis (HMGCL, HMGCS2) were measured. The hippocampus showed a robust response to nutritional ketosis in both changes in the markers of autophagy as well as the levels of ketone body utilizing and transporting proteins, which was also accompanied by increased concentrations of ketone bodies in this brain structure, while subtle changes were observed in the frontal cortex. The magnitude of the effects was dependent on the type of ketogenic diet used, suggesting that plant fats may exert a more profound effect on the orchestrated upregulation of autophagy and ketone body metabolism markers. The study provides a foundation for a deeper understanding of the possible interconnections between autophagy and the neuroprotective efficacy of nutritional ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Liśkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta M Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Grabowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Pondel
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Konstancja Grabowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.,Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw J Barski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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56
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Guan Y, Wang Y, Li B, Shen K, Li Q, Ni Y, Huang L. Mitophagy in carcinogenesis, drug resistance and anticancer therapeutics. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:350. [PMID: 34225732 PMCID: PMC8256582 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is an organelle that plays a vital role in energy production, cytoplasmic protein degradation and cell death. Mitophagy is an autophagic procedure that specifically clears damaged mitochondria and maintains its homeostasis. Emerging evidence indicates that mitophagy is involved in many physiological processes, including cellular homeostasis, cellular differentiation and nerve protection. In this review, we describe the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy in mammals and yeasts and highlight the recent advances relevant to its function in carcinogenesis and drug resistance. Finally, a section has been dedicated to describing the role of mitophagy in anticancer therapeutics, which is a new frontier that offers a precise and promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Guan
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanfu Li
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyin Ni
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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57
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Mehta V, Singh S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Exploring the Role of Autophagy Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4886-4905. [PMID: 34212304 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway by which misfolded proteins or damaged organelles are engulfed by autophagosomes and then transported to lysosomes for degradation. Recently, a great improvement has been done to explain the molecular mechanisms and roles of autophagy in several important cellular metabolic processes. Besides being a vital clearance pathway or a cell survival pathway in response to different stresses, autophagy dysfunction, either upregulated or down-regulated, has been suggested to be linked with numerous neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Impairment at different stages of autophagy results in the formation of large protein aggregates and damaged organelles, which leads to the onset and progression of different neurodegenerative disorders. This article elucidates the recent progress about the role of autophagy in neurodegenerative disorders and explains how autophagy dysfunction is linked with the pathogenesis of such disorders as well as the novel potential autophagy-associated therapies for treating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Distt. Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Haryana, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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58
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Sefiani A, Geoffroy CG. The Potential Role of Inflammation in Modulating Endogenous Hippocampal Neurogenesis After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:682259. [PMID: 34220440 PMCID: PMC8249862 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.682259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there are approximately 291,000 people suffering from a spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States. SCI is associated with traumatic changes in mobility and neuralgia, as well as many other long-term chronic health complications, including metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoporosis, and elevated inflammatory markers. Due to medical advances, patients with SCI survive much longer than previously. This increase in life expectancy exposes them to novel neurological complications such as memory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. In fact, these usually age-associated disorders are more prevalent in people living with SCI. A common factor of these disorders is the reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis. Inflammation, which is elevated after SCI, plays a major role in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis. While there is no clear consensus on the mechanism of the decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition after SCI, we will examine in this review how SCI-induced inflammation could modulate hippocampal neurogenesis and provoke age-associated neurological disorders. Thereafter, we will discuss possible therapeutic options which may mitigate the influence of SCI associated complications on hippocampal neurogenesis.
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59
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Li X, Cao Y, Yu X, Jin F, Li Y. A novel autophagy-related genes prognostic risk model and validation of autophagy-related oncogene VPS35 in breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:265. [PMID: 34001111 PMCID: PMC8130280 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence implies that autophagy plays a critical role in breast cancer development and progression. It is crucial to screen out autophagy-related encoding genes (ARGs) with prognostic value in breast cancer and reveal their biological properties in the aggressiveness of breast cancer. METHODS Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to identify a prognostic risk model of ARGs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to validate the risk model. Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were conducted to assess the expression of VPS35 (one of ARGs in risk model). CCK8, Colony formation assay, Transwell migration/invasion assays and autophagy flux assay were used to confirm biological function of VPS35 in breast cancer. RESULTS In this study, the prognostic risk model consisting of six ARGs (VPS35, TRIM21, PRKAB2, RUFY4, MAP1LC3A and LARP1) in breast cancer were identified. The risk model was further verified as a novel independent prognostic factor for breast cancer patients. We also clarified that vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35), one of ARGs in the risk model, was upregulated in breast cancer samples and cell lines. VPS35 overexpression was correlated with more aggressive phenotype of breast cancer and indicated worse prognosis in both progression-free survival and overall survival analyses. Meanwhile, VPS35 knockdown inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, suggesting that VPS35 promoted the progression of breast cancer. VPS35 silence also influenced autophagy process, indicating that VPS35 was essential for autophagy completion. CONCLUSION Taken together, the six ARGs risk model has a remarkably prognostic value for breast cancer. Among them, VPS35 might exert as a significant oncogenic and prognostic factor for breast cancer and could be a promising autophagy-related therapeutic target in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Road, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Road, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xinmiao Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Road, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Road, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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60
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Fardghassemi Y, Maios C, Parker JA. Small Molecule Rescue of ATXN3 Toxicity in C. elegans via TFEB/HLH-30. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1151-1165. [PMID: 33782863 PMCID: PMC8423969 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), is a polyglutamine expansion disease arising from a trinucleotide CAG repeat expansion in exon 10 of the gene ATXN3. There are no effective pharmacological treatments for MJD, thus the identification of new pathogenic mechanisms, and the development of novel therapeutics is urgently needed. In this study, we performed a comprehensive, blind drug screen of 3942 compounds (many FDA approved) and identified small molecules that rescued the motor-deficient phenotype in transgenic ATXN3 Caenorhabditis elegans strain. Out of this screen, five lead compounds restoring motility, protecting against neurodegeneration, and increasing the lifespan in ATXN3-CAG89 mutant worms were identified. These compounds were alfacalcidol, chenodiol, cyclophosphamide, fenbufen, and sulfaphenazole. We then investigated how these molecules might exert their neuroprotective properties. We found that three of these compounds, chenodiol, fenbufen, and sulfaphenazole, act as modulators for TFEB/HLH-30, a key transcriptional regulator of the autophagy process, and require this gene for their neuroprotective activities. These genetic-chemical approaches, using genetic C. elegans models for MJD and the screening, are promising tools to understand the mechanisms and pathways causing neurodegeneration, leading to MJD. Positively acting compounds may be promising candidates for investigation in mammalian models of MJD and preclinical applications in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Fardghassemi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Claudia Maios
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9 Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - J. Alex Parker
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4 Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4 Canada
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61
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Liśkiewicz D, Liśkiewicz A, Grabowski M, Nowacka-Chmielewska MM, Jabłońska K, Wojakowska A, Marczak Ł, Barski JJ, Małecki A. Upregulation of hepatic autophagy under nutritional ketosis. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 93:108620. [PMID: 33705944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many of the metabolic effects evoked by the ketogenic diet mimic the actions of fasting and the benefits of the ketogenic diet are often attributed to these similarities. Since fasting is a potent autophagy inductor in vivo and in vitro it has been hypothesized that the ketogenic diet may upregulate autophagy. The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the influence of the ketogenic diet on the hepatic autophagy. C57BL/6N male mice were fed with two different ketogenic chows composed of fat of either animal or plant origin for 4 weeks. To gain some insight into the time frame for the induction of autophagy on the ketogenic diet, we performed a short-term experiment in which animals were fed with ketogenic diets for only 24 or 48 h. The results showed that autophagy is upregulated in the livers of animals fed with the ketogenic diet. Moreover, the size of the observed effect was likely dependent on the diet composition. Subsequently, the markers of regulatory pathways that may link ketogenic diet action to autophagy were measured, i.e., the activity of mTORC1, activation of AMPK, and the levels of SIRT1, p53, and FOXO3. Overall, observed treatment-specific effects including the upregulation of SIRT1 and downregulation of FOXO3 and p53. Finally, a GC/MS analysis of the fatty acid composition of animals' livers and the chows was performed in order to obtain an idea about the presence of specific compounds that may shape the effects of ketogenic diets on autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Liśkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Grabowski
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Maria Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Konstancja Jabłońska
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław J Barski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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Zhang X, Su Q, Zhou J, Yang Z, Liu Z, Ji L, Gao H, Jiang G. To betray or to fight? The dual identity of the mitochondria in cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:723-743. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that provide energy for oxidative phosphorylation in cells. Equally, they are the major sites for the metabolism of amino acids, lipids and iron. When cells become cancerous, the morphology, cellular location and metabolic mode of the mitochondria change accordingly. These mitochondrial changes can have two opposing effects on cancer: procancer and anticancer effects. Specifically, mitochondria play roles in the fight against cancer by participating in processes such as ferroptosis, mitophagy and antitumor immunity. Contrastingly, cancer cells can also enslave mitochondria to give them the conditions necessary for growth and metastasis. Moreover, through mitochondria, cancer cells can escape from immune surveillance, resulting in their immune escape and enhanced malignant transformation ability. At present, cancer-related studies of mitochondria are one-sided; therefore, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding by systematically reviewing the two-sided cancer-related properties of mitochondria. Mitochondrial-targeted drugs are gradually emerging and showing significant advantages in cancer treatment; thus, our in-depth exploration of mitochondria in cancer will help to provide theoretical support for the future provision of efficient and low-toxicity cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Quanzhong Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Zhantao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Lixia Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
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McCormick JJ, Dokladny K, Moseley PL, Kenny GP. Autophagy and heat: a potential role for heat therapy to improve autophagic function in health and disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00542.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a crucial cell survival mechanism that involves the degradation and recycling of old or damaged organelles and proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. Impairments in autophagy are central to the pathogenesis of many conditions including metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and aging. Although various pharmacological agents may be able to stimulate autophagic function, to our knowledge, few interventions exist that have been deemed safe and effective in humans. An emerging body of evidence suggests that targeting the autophagic pathway via passive heating (heat therapy) may stimulate autophagic function. Therefore, the primary focus of the present review is to analyze the mechanisms in which passive heating induces autophagy as defined by in vitro and in vivo (animal and human) models. Our secondary focus is to examine the implications of utilizing passive heating to restore dysfunctional autophagy in chronic disease and aging. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies to implement passive heating to stimulate autophagic function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. McCormick
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karol Dokladny
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Pope L. Moseley
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Glen P. Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Eaton AF, Merkulova M, Brown D. The H +-ATPase (V-ATPase): from proton pump to signaling complex in health and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C392-C414. [PMID: 33326313 PMCID: PMC8294626 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00442.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A primary function of the H+-ATPase (or V-ATPase) is to create an electrochemical proton gradient across eukaryotic cell membranes, which energizes fundamental cellular processes. Its activity allows for the acidification of intracellular vesicles and organelles, which is necessary for many essential cell biological events to occur. In addition, many specialized cell types in various organ systems such as the kidney, bone, male reproductive tract, inner ear, olfactory mucosa, and more, use plasma membrane V-ATPases to perform specific activities that depend on extracellular acidification. It is, however, increasingly apparent that V-ATPases are central players in many normal and pathophysiological processes that directly influence human health in many different and sometimes unexpected ways. These include cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and sensory perception, as well as energy and nutrient-sensing functions within cells. This review first covers the well-established role of the V-ATPase as a transmembrane proton pump in the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles and outlines factors contributing to its physiological regulation in different cell types. This is followed by a discussion of the more recently emerging unconventional roles for the V-ATPase, such as its role as a protein interaction hub involved in cell signaling, and the (patho)physiological implications of these interactions. Finally, the central importance of endosomal acidification and V-ATPase activity on viral infection will be discussed in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amity F Eaton
- Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Merkulova
- Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis Brown
- Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abd-Elrahman KS, Albaker A, de Souza JM, Ribeiro FM, Schlossmacher MG, Tiberi M, Hamilton A, Ferguson SSG. Aβ oligomers induce pathophysiological mGluR5 signaling in Alzheimer's disease model mice in a sex-selective manner. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/662/eabd2494. [PMID: 33323410 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence, presentation, and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) differ between men and women, although β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition is a pathological hallmark of AD in both sexes. Aβ-induced activation of the neuronal glutamate receptor mGluR5 is linked to AD progression. However, we found that mGluR5 exhibits distinct sex-dependent profiles. Specifically, mGluR5 isolated from male mouse cortical and hippocampal tissues bound with high affinity to Aβ oligomers, whereas mGluR5 from female mice exhibited no such affinity. This sex-selective Aβ-mGluR5 interaction did not appear to depend on estrogen, but rather Aβ interaction with cellular prion protein (PrPC), which was detected only in male mouse brain homogenates. The ternary complex between mGluR5, Aβ oligomers, and PrPC was essential to elicit mGluR5-dependent pathological suppression of autophagy in primary neuronal cultures. Pharmacological inhibition of mGluR5 reactivated autophagy, mitigated Aβ pathology, and reversed cognitive decline in male APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice, but not in their female counterparts. Aβ oligomers also bound with high affinity to human mGluR5 isolated from postmortem donor male cortical brain tissue, but not that from female samples, suggesting that this mechanism may be relevant to patients. Our findings indicate that mGluR5 does not contribute to Aβ pathology in females, highlighting the complexity of mGluR5 pharmacology and Aβ signaling that supports the need for sex-specific stratification in clinical trials assessing AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Awatif Albaker
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jessica M de Souza
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB, Universidade Federalde Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fabiola M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB, Universidade Federalde Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Michael G Schlossmacher
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Mario Tiberi
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alison Hamilton
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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Fang QJ, Chi BH, Lin QC, Huang CM, Jin SW, Cai JJ, Nan K, Han Y, Tao YX, Cao H, Li J. Surgery-induced downregulation of hippocampal sirtuin-1 contributes to cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting autophagy and activating apoptosis in aged mice. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:8111-8122. [PMID: 33437385 PMCID: PMC7791497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elderly patients often suffer from cognitive dysfunction following surgery. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon still remain unclear. This study investigated the critical part of Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in surgery-induced cognitive impairment. METHODS The aged (16-month-old) male C57BL/6 mice underwent anesthesia and surgery. Some mice received intraperitoneal injections of resveratrol, which is an activator of SIRT1, prior to exposure to splenectomy. To examine learning and memory behavior in different sets, the study performed a Morris water maze. Tissues from the hippocampus were harvested 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis determined the expression of autophagy- and apoptosis- associated protein. RESULTS This article demonstrated surgery but not anesthesia considerably affected memory behavior and downregulated SIRT1 expression in the aged mice. Interestingly, rescue of hippocampal SIRT1 expression ameliorated the cognitive impairment in the elderly mice under splenectomy. In addition, surgical trauma decreased Beclin-1 protein levels and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, while expression of p62, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in hippocampal neurons increased. However, rescue of hippocampal SIRT1 expression considerably attenuated the surgery-induced downregulation of Beclin-1, increased the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I, and decreased expression of p62, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that surgery-induced downregulation of hippocampal SIRT1 participates in cognitive impairment after surgery by inhibiting the autophagy process and activating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Juan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing-Huan Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi-Cheng Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen-Miao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shao-Wu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Jing Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNewark, NJ 07103, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
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Pareja-Cajiao M, Gransee HM, Stowe JM, Rana S, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. Age-related impairment of autophagy in cervical motor neurons. Exp Gerontol 2020; 144:111193. [PMID: 33290859 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular dysfunction is common in old age. Damaged cytoplasmic structures aggregate with aging, especially in post-mitotic cells like motor neurons. Autophagy is a ubiquitous cell process that aids in the clearance of damaged aggregates. Accordingly, we hypothesized that autophagy is impaired in old age, contributing to neuromuscular dysfunction via an effect in motor neurons. Autophagy flux may be impaired as a result of deficits in the initiation, elongation or degradation phases. Changes in the expression levels of core proteins necessary for each of the autophagy phases were evaluated by Western blotting in the cervical spinal cord (segments C2-C6 corresponding to the phrenic motor pool) of adult male and female mice at 6-, 18-, and 24-months of age (reflecting 100%, 90% and 75% survival, respectively). There was no evidence of an effect of age on the expression of the autophagy markers Beclin-1 (Becn-1; initiation), ATG7 and ATG5/12 complex (elongation) or LC3 (elongation/degradation). Reduced p62 expression (a marker of degradation) was evident in the cervical spinal cord of adult mice at 18-months compared to 24-months. Accordingly, expression of LC3 and p62 in motor neurons was analyzed using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy in separate animals. LC3 and p62 immunoreactivity was evident in the gray matter with minimal expression in the white matter across all age groups. A mixed linear model with animal as a random effect was used to compare relative LC3 and p62 expression in motor neurons to gray matter across age groups. Expression of both LC3 and p62 was higher in choline acetyl transferase (ChAT)-positive motor neurons (~2-3 fold vs. gray matter). Across age groups, there were differences in the relative expression of LC3 (F2,12 = 7.59, p < 0.01) and p62 (F2,12 = 8.00, p < 0.01) in cervical motor neurons. LC3 expression in motor neurons increased ~20% by 24-months of age in both male and female mice. p62 expression in motor neurons increased ~70% by 18-months compared to 6-months with no further changes by 24-months of age in male mice. p62 expression did not change across age groups in female mice, and was ~20% higher than in males. Our findings highlight important changes in autophagy pathways that likely contribute to the development of aging-related neuromuscular dysfunction in mice. At 18-months of age, increased autophagosome clearance (reduced p62 expression) appears to be a global effect not restricted to motor neurons. By 24-months of age, increased expression of LC3 and p62 indicates impaired autophagy with autophagosome accumulation in cervical motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Pareja-Cajiao
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Heather M Gransee
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jessica M Stowe
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sabhya Rana
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Li X, Jin F, Li Y. A novel autophagy-related lncRNA prognostic risk model for breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:4-14. [PMID: 33216456 PMCID: PMC7810925 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are well known as crucial regulators to breast cancer development and are implicated in controlling autophagy. LncRNAs are also emerging as valuable prognostic factors for breast cancer patients. It is critical to identify autophagy-related lncRNAs with prognostic value in breast cancer. In this study, we identified autophagy-related lncRNAs in breast cancer by constructing a co-expression network of autophagy-related mRNAs-lncRNAs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We evaluated the prognostic value of these autophagy-related lncRNAs by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses and eventually obtained a prognostic risk model consisting of 11 autophagy-related lncRNAs (U62317.4, LINC01016, LINC02166, C6orf99, LINC00992, BAIAP2-DT, AC245297.3, AC090912.1, Z68871.1, LINC00578 and LINC01871). The risk model was further validated as a novel independent prognostic factor for breast cancer patients based on the calculated risk score by Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Moreover, based on the risk model, the low-risk and high-risk groups displayed different autophagy and oncogenic statues by principal component analysis (PCA) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) functional annotation. Taken together, these findings suggested that the risk model of the 11 autophagy-related lncRNAs has significant prognostic value for breast cancer and might be autophagy-related therapeutic targets in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Transcription factor EB: an emerging drug target for neurodegenerative disorders. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:164-172. [PMID: 33099023 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of transcription factor EB (TFEB) as a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) has triggered increasing numbers of studies that aim to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting TFEB to treat neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. So far, the findings are exciting and promising. Here, we delineate the dysfunction of the TFEB-mediated ALP in NDs, and we summarize small molecules that have been identified as TFEB activators, along with their protective effects in NDs. We discuss the molecular mechanisms and targets, and the pros and cons of these TFEB activators from the perspective of drug development. Specific and potent small-molecule TFEB activators with ideal brain bioavailability could provide a method for treating NDs.
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70
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De R, Mazumder S, Bandyopadhyay U. Mediators of mitophagy that regulate mitochondrial quality control play crucial role in diverse pathophysiology. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 37:333-366. [PMID: 33067701 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are double membrane-bound cellular work-horses constantly functioning to regulate vital aspects of cellular metabolism, bioenergetics, proliferation and death. Biogenesis, homeostasis and regulated turnover of mitochondria are stringently regulated to meet the bioenergetic requirements. Diverse external and internal stimuli including oxidative stress, diseases, xenobiotics and even age profoundly affect mitochondrial integrity. Damaged mitochondria need immediate segregation and selective culling to maintain physiological homeostasis. Mitophagy is a specialised form of macroautophagy that constantly checks mitochondrial quality followed by elimination of rogue mitochondria by lysosomal targeting through multiple pathways tightly regulated and activated in context-specific manners. Mitophagy is implicated in diverse oxidative stress-associated metabolic, proliferating and degenerative disorders owing to the centrality of mitopathology in diseases as well as the common mandate to eliminate damaged mitochondria for restoring physiological homeostasis. With improved health care and growing demand for precision medicine, specifically targeting the keystone factors in pathogenesis, more exploratory studies are focused on mitochondrial quality control as underlying guardian of cellular pathophysiology. In this context, mitophagy emerged as a promising area to focus biomedical research for identifying novel therapeutic targets against diseases linked with physiological redox perturbation. The present review provides a comprehensive account of the recent developments on mitophagy along with precise discussion on its impact on major diseases and possibilities of therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudranil De
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Somnath Mazumder
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
- Department of Zoology, Raja Peary Mohan College, 1 Acharya Dhruba Pal Road, Uttarpara, West Bengal, 712258, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Rd, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
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71
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Graykowski DR, Wang YZ, Upadhyay A, Savas JN. The Dichotomous Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Central Nervous System. iScience 2020; 23:101456. [PMID: 32835924 PMCID: PMC7452271 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication. Interest in the role of central nervous system (CNS)-derived EVs has been increasing; however, some skepticism of their importance has persisted because many aspects of their biology remain elusive. This ambiguity is largely due to technical barriers that hamper our ability to achieve a comprehensive understanding of their molecular components and mechanisms responsible for their transmission and uptake. However, accumulating evidence supports the notion that EVs play important roles in basic physiological processes within the CNS during neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. Interestingly, EVs also act to spread toxic polypeptides in neurodegenerative diseases. Developing a more profound understanding of the role that EVs play in the CNS could lead to the identification of biomarkers and potential vehicles for drug delivery. Here we highlight our current understanding of CNS EVs and summarize our current understanding of their complex role in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Graykowski
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yi-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Savas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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72
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Autophagy-Associated lncRNAs: Promising Targets for Neurological Disease Diagnosis and Therapy. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8881687. [PMID: 33029125 PMCID: PMC7528122 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8881687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are a major threat to global public health and prosperity. The number of patients with neurological diseases is increasing due to the population aging and increasing life expectancy. Autophagy is one of the crucial mechanisms to maintain nerve cellular homeostasis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays a dual role in neurological diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a vital class of noncoding RNAs with a length of more than 200 nucleotides and cannot encode proteins themselves but are expressed in most neurological diseases. An early phase, emerging knowledge has revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial in autophagy regulation. Furthermore, autophagy-associated lncRNAs can promote the development of neurological diseases or slow their progression. In this review, we introduce a general overview of lncRNA functional mechanisms and summarizes the recent progress of lncRNAs on autophagy regulation in neurological diseases to reveal possible novel therapeutic targets or useful biomarkers.
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73
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Mitra S, Kaushik N, Moon IS, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. Utility of Reactive Species Generation in Plasma Medicine for Neuronal Development. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E348. [PMID: 32932745 PMCID: PMC7555638 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical signaling molecules for neuronal physiology that stimulate growth and development and play vital roles in several pathways when in a balanced state, but they cause neurodegeneration when unbalanced. As ROS levels above a certain threshold cause the activation of the autophagy system, moderate levels of ROS can be used as treatment strategies. Currently, such treatments are used together with low-level laser or photodynamic therapies, photo-bio modulation, or infrared treatments, in different chronic diseases but not in the treatment of neurodegeneration. Recently, non-thermal plasma has been successfully used in biomedical applications and treatments, and beneficial effects such as differentiation, cell growth, and proliferation, stimulation of ROS based pathways have been observed. Besides the activation of a wide range of biological signaling pathways by generating ROS, plasma application can be an effective treatment in neuronal regeneration, as well as in neuronal diseases. In this review, we summarize the generation and role of ROS in neurons and provide critical insights into their potential benefits on neurons. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms of ROS on neuronal development. Regarding clinical applications, we focus on ROS-based neuronal growth and regeneration strategies and in the usage of non-thermal plasma in neuronal and CNS injury treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea;
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Korea;
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea;
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
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74
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Chen X, Zhang T, Zhang Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neurovirol 2020; 26:824-833. [PMID: 32918163 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) affects virologic suppression and prolongs life expectancies among HIV-positive patients; HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to be diagnosed in patients with HIV-1 undergoing treatment. The extensive clinical manifestations of HAND include behavioral, cognitive, and motor dysfunctions that severely affect the patients' quality of life. The pathogenesis of HAND has received increasing attention as a potential avenue by which to improve the treatment of the condition. Many studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and their interaction play important roles in the onset and development of neurodegenerative diseases. While the accumulation of misfolded proteins can induce ER stress, autophagy can effectively remove accumulated toxic proteins, reduce ER stress, and thus inhibit the development of neuropathy. Through the in-depth study of ER stress and autophagy, both have been recognized as promising targets for pharmacotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of HAND. This review will highlight the effects of ER stress, autophagy, and their interaction in the context of HAND, thereby helping to inform the future development of targeted treatments for patients with HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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75
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Michalska P, León R. When It Comes to an End: Oxidative Stress Crosstalk with Protein Aggregation and Neuroinflammation Induce Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080740. [PMID: 32806679 PMCID: PMC7463521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons in the brain or spinal cord that leads to a loss of function of the affected areas. The lack of effective treatments and the ever-increasing life expectancy is raising the number of individuals affected, having a tremendous social and economic impact. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage given the high energy demand, low levels of antioxidant defenses, and high levels of metal ions. Driven by age-related changes, neurodegeneration is characterized by increased oxidative stress leading to irreversible neuronal damage, followed by cell death. Nevertheless, neurodegenerative diseases are known as complex pathologies where several mechanisms drive neuronal death. Herein we discuss the interplay among oxidative stress, proteinopathy, and neuroinflammation at the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss the use of the Nrf2-ARE pathway as a potential therapeutic strategy based on these molecular mechanisms to develop transformative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Michalska
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (R.L.); Tel.: +34-91-497-27-66 (P.M. & R.L.)
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (R.L.); Tel.: +34-91-497-27-66 (P.M. & R.L.)
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76
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Zhang Z, Yan J, Bowman AB, Bryan MR, Singh R, Aschner M. Dysregulation of TFEB contributes to manganese-induced autophagic failure and mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes. Autophagy 2020; 16:1506-1523. [PMID: 31690173 PMCID: PMC7469609 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1688488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have long shown that exposure to high levels of heavy metals are associated with increased risks of neurodegenerative diseases. It is widely accepted that autophagic dysfunction is involved in pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders; however, the role of heavy metals in regulation of macroautophagy/autophagy is unclear. Here, we show that manganese (Mn) induces a decline in nuclear localization of TFEB (transcription factor EB), a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosome pathway, leading to autophagic dysfunction in astrocytes of mouse striatum. We further show that Mn exposure suppresses autophagic-lysosomal degradation of mitochondria and induces accumulation of unhealthy mitochondria. Activation of autophagy by rapamycin or TFEB overexpression ameliorates Mn-induced mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in astrocytes, suggesting a causal relation between autophagic failure and mitochondrial dysfunction in Mn toxicity. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Mn inhibits TFEB activity, leading to impaired autophagy that is causally related to mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for Mn in dysregulation of autophagy and identify TFEB as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate Mn toxicity. ABBREVIATIONS BECN1: beclin 1; CTSD: cathepsin D; DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; GFAP: glial fibrillary acid protein; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HBSS: hanks balanced salt solution; LAMP: lysosomal-associated membrane protein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; Lys Inh: lysosomal inhibitors; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; Mn: manganese; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PFA: paraformaldehyde; PI: propidium iodide; ROS: reactive oxygen species; s.c.: subcutaneous; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TFEB: transcription factor EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jingqi Yan
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Miles R. Bryan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine
- Diabetes Research Center
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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77
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Jang KH, Hwang Y, Kim E. PARP1 Impedes SIRT1-Mediated Autophagy during Degeneration of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium under Oxidative Stress. Mol Cells 2020; 43:632-644. [PMID: 32732457 PMCID: PMC7398797 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying autophagy impairment in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is not yet clear. Based on the causative role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in RPE necrosis, this study examined whether PARP1 is involved in the autophagy impairment observed during dry AMD pathogenesis. We found that autophagy was downregulated following H2O2-induced PARP1 activation in ARPE-19 cells and olaparib, PARP1 inhibitor, preserved the autophagy process upon H2O2 exposure in ARPE-19 cells. These findings imply that PARP1 participates in the autophagy impairment upon oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, PARP1 inhibited autolysosome formation but did not affect autophagosome formation in H2O2-exposed ARPE-19 cells, demonstrating that PARP1 is responsible for impairment of late-stage autophagy in particular. Because PARP1 consumes NAD+ while exerting its catalytic activity, we investigated whether PARP1 impedes autophagy mediated by sirtuin1 (SIRT1), which uses NAD+ as its cofactor. A NAD+ precursor restored autophagy and protected mitochondria in ARPE-19 cells by preserving SIRT1 activity upon H2O2. Moreover, olaparib failed to restore autophagy in SIRT1-depleted ARPE-19 cells, indicating that PARP1 inhibits autophagy through SIRT1 inhibition. Next, we further examined whether PARP1-induced autophagy impairment occurs in the retinas of dry AMD model mice. Histological analyses revealed that olaparib treatment protected mouse retinas against sodium iodate (SI) insult, but not in retinas cotreated with SI and wortmannin, an autophagy inhibitor. Collectively, our data demonstrate that PARP1-dependent inhibition of SIRT1 activity impedes autophagic survival of RPE cells, leading to retinal degeneration during dry AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hong Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeseong Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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78
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Camuzard O, Santucci-Darmanin S, Carle GF, Pierrefite-Carle V. Autophagy in the crosstalk between tumor and microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2020; 490:143-153. [PMID: 32634449 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is the major catabolic process in eukaryotic cells for the degradation and recycling of damaged macromolecules and organelles. It plays a crucial role in cell quality control and nutrient supply under stress conditions. Although autophagy is classically described as a degradative mechanism, it can also be involved in some secretion pathways, leading to the extracellular release of proteins, aggregates, or organelles. The role of autophagy in cancer is complex and depends on tumor development stage. While autophagy limits cancer development in the early stages of tumorigenesis, it can also have a protumoral role in more advanced cancers, promoting primary tumor growth and metastatic spread. In addition to its pro-survival role in established tumors, autophagy recently emerged as an active player in the crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells. The aim of this review is to analyze the impact of tumoral autophagy on the microenvironment and conversely the effect of stromal cell autophagy on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Camuzard
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France; Service de Chirurgie Réparatrice et de la Main, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Sabine Santucci-Darmanin
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Georges F Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.
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79
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Feng L, Wang H, Xue X. Recent Progress of Nanomedicine in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy, Nankai University Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
| | - Heping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy, Nankai University Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy, Nankai University Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
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80
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Wang L, Tan Z, Zhang Y, Kady Keita N, Liu H, Zhang Y. ADAM12 silencing promotes cellular apoptosis by activating autophagy in choriocarcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1162-1174. [PMID: 32319603 PMCID: PMC7115740 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (ADAM12) has been demonstrated to mediate cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance in several types of cancer cells. However, the effect of ADAM12 silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of choriocarcinoma cells remains unknown. The present study revealed that ADAM12 silencing significantly inhibited cellular activity and proliferation in the human choriocarcinoma JEG3 cell line and increased the rate of apoptosis. In addition, ADAM12 silencing significantly increased the expression levels of the autophagy proteins microtubule-associated protein-light-chain 3 (LC3B) and autophagy related 5 (ATG5) and the fluorescence density of LC3B in JEG-3 cells. However, the suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine could block ADAM12 silencing-induced cellular apoptosis. ADAM12 silencing reduced the levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin-1β, interferon-γ and TNF-α, and inactivated nuclear p65-NF-κB and p-mTOR in JEG-3 cells. The downregulation of p-mTOR expression by ADAM12 silencing was rescued in 3-methyladenine-treated JEG-3 cells, indicating that mTOR might participate in the autophagy-mediated pro-apoptotic effect of ADAM12 silencing. In conclusion, ADAM12 silencing promoted cellular apoptosis in human choriocarcinoma JEG3 cells, which might be associated with autophagy and the mTOR response. These findings indicate that ADAM12 silencing might be a potential novel therapeutic target for choriocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Tan
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Nankoria Kady Keita
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Huining Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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81
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Abd-Elrahman K, Hamilton A, Albaker A, Ferguson SSG. mGluR5 Contribution to Neuropathology in Alzheimer Mice Is Disease Stage-Dependent. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:334-344. [PMID: 32296772 PMCID: PMC7155195 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline in affected individuals. Current therapeutic strategies are limited in their efficacy and some have proven to be even less effective at later disease stages or after extended use. We previously demonstrated that chronic inhibition of mGluR5 signaling using the selective negative allosteric modulator (NAM) CTEP in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice can rescue cognitive function, activating the ZBTB16-mediated autophagy pathway to reduce Aβ, the principal neurotoxic species in AD brains. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of long-term treatment with CTEP in 6 month old APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice for either 24 or 36 weeks. CTEP maintained its efficacy in reversing working and spatial memory deficits and mitigating neurogliosis in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice when administered for 24 weeks. This was paralleled by a significant reduction in Aβ oligomer and plaque load as a result of autophagy activation via ZBTB16 and mTOR-dependent pathways. However, further extension of CTEP treatment for 36 weeks was found ineffective in reversing memory deficit, neurogliosis, or Aβ-related pathology. We found that this loss in CTEP efficacy in 15 month old APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice was due to the abolished contribution of ZBTB16 and mTOR-mediated signaling to AD neuropathology at this advanced disease stage. Our findings indicate that the contribution of pathological mGluR5-signaling to AD may shift as the disease progresses. Thus, we provide the first evidence that the underlying pathophysiological mechanism(s) of AD may unfold along the course of the disease and treatment strategies should be modified accordingly to ensure maximal therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled
S. Abd-Elrahman
- University
of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, and Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Alison Hamilton
- University
of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, and Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Awatif Albaker
- University
of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, and Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College
of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12371, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen S. G. Ferguson
- University
of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, and Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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82
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Xiang H, Zhang J, Lin C, Zhang L, Liu B, Ouyang L. Targeting autophagy-related protein kinases for potential therapeutic purpose. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:569-581. [PMID: 32322463 PMCID: PMC7161711 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, defined as a scavenging process of protein aggregates and damaged organelles mediated by lysosomes, plays a significant role in the quality control of macromolecules and organelles. Since protein kinases are integral to the autophagy process, it is critically important to understand the role of kinases in autophagic regulation. At present, intervention of autophagic processes by small-molecule modulators targeting specific kinases has becoming a reasonable and prevalent strategy for treating several varieties of human disease, especially cancer. In this review, we describe the role of some autophagy-related kinase targets and kinase-mediated phosphorylation mechanisms in autophagy regulation. We also summarize the small-molecule kinase inhibitors/activators of these targets, highlighting the opportunities of these new therapeutic agents.
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Key Words
- 4E-BP1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein
- AKT1, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1
- AMBRA1, autophagy/beclin-1 regulator 1
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- ARF, auxin response factor gene
- ATG, autophagy-related protein
- Autophagy
- Autophagy-related kinase
- CaMKK2, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2
- DAPK, death associated protein kinase
- FIP200, FAK family kinase-interacting protein of 200 kDa
- GAP, GTPase-activating protein
- GO, gene ontology
- GSK3α, glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha
- HMGB1, high mobility group protein B1
- Human disease therapy
- JNK1, C-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- LKB1, serine/threonine-protein kinase stk11
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LRRK2, leucine rich repeat kinase 2
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PI, phosphatidylinositol
- PI3 kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PI3P, phosphatidylinositol triphosphate
- PIM2, proviral insertion in murine lymphomas 2
- PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
- PKACα, a protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha
- PKCα, protein kinase C alpha type
- PKD1, polycystin-1
- PPIs, protein–protein interactions
- PROTAC, proteolysis targeting chimeras
- PTMs, post-translational modifications
- Phosphorylation
- Protein kinases
- Rheb, the RAS homolog enriched in brain
- Small-molecule kinase inhibitors/activators
- TAK1, transforming growth factor activated kinase-1
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer
- TSC1/2, tuberous sclerosis complex proteins 1/2
- ULK complex, ULK1–mATG13–FIP200–ATG101 complex
- ULK1, unc-51-like kinase 1
- UVRAG, ultraviolet resistance-associated gene
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Congcong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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83
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Zhang J, Yuan G, Liang T, Pan P, Li X, Li H, Shen H, Wang Z, Chen G. Nix Plays a Neuroprotective Role in Early Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:245. [PMID: 32265644 PMCID: PMC7108665 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nix is located in the outer membrane of mitochondria, mediates mitochondrial fission and implicated in many neurological diseases. However, the association between Nix and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not previously been reported. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the expression of Nix and its role in early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to various time points for investigation after SAH. A rat model of SAH was induced by injecting 0.3 ml of autologous non-heparinized arterial blood into the prechiasmatic cistern. The expression of Nix was investigated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Next, Nix-specific overexpression plasmids and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were separately administered. Western blot, neurological scoring, Morris water maze, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and fluoro-jade B (FJB) staining were performed to evaluate the role of Nix in EBI following SAH. We found that Nix was expressed in neurons and its expression level in the SAH groups was higher than that in the Sham group, which peaked at 24 h after SAH. Overexpression of Nix following SAH significantly decreased the expression of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20, a marker of mitochondria), ameliorated neurological/cognitive deficits induced by SAH, and reduced the total number of apoptotic/neurodegenerative cells, whereas siRNA knockdown of Nix yielded opposite effects. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that the expression of Nix is increased in neurons after experimental SAH in rats, and may play a neuroprotective role in EBI following SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guiqiang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengjie Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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84
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Zheng L, Li XY, Huang FZ, Zhang XT, Tang HB, Li YS, Zhang WK, Li XJ, Tian GH. Effect of electroacupuncture on relieving central post-stroke pain by inhibiting autophagy in the hippocampus. Brain Res 2020; 1733:146680. [PMID: 31987731 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To explore the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment on central post-stroke pain (CPSP), and provide basic evidence for the EA treatment on CPSP. METHODS Firstly, 40 male SD rats were successfully established with a model of CPSP, under the intervention of different EA frequencies (2 Hz and 15 Hz) and fluoxetine (5 ml/kg and 0.4 mg/ml), whose brain tissue was then removed for paraffin-embedded sectioning; secondly, LPS induced the primary brain cells in the hippocampus to cause inflammation model which were added NS398 (inhibitor of COX-2) and DKK-1 (inhibitor of β-catenin) later. The lesion sites of brain tissue were observed by Nissl staining and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and autophagy-related proteins (LC3B, p62, LAMP-1), COX-2 and β-catenin were detected by Western Blot and immunohistochemical staining. Finally, the correlation between LC3B, COX-2, and β-catenin was calculated by multispectral quantification. RESULTS (1) In the EA group (15 Hz), the number of Nissl bodies increased, autophagy-related protein LC3B-Ⅱ/Ⅰ, LAMP-1, COX-2, and β-catenin was lowly expressed, p62 was highly expressed; (2) COX-2, β-catenin and LC3B are positively correlated with each other (COX-2 & β-catenin: r = 0.923; COX-2 & LC3B: r = 0.818; β-catenin & LC3B: r = 0.801); (3) Nissl bodies of primary brain cells of the hippocampus under LPS were like animal experiments; after addition of DKK-1, high expression of β-catenin and COX-2 induced by LPS was significantly down-regulated, and LC3B-II/I was significantly down-regulated, and p62 protein only had up-regulation trend; after addition of NS398, COX-2 and LC3B-II/I was significantly down-regulated. CONCLUSION EA may inhibit autophagy in the hippocampus by reducing β-catenin/COX-2 protein expression and effectively alleviating CPSP. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Previous studies have found that EA can reduce the expression of NK-1R in damaged rats by inhibition of COX-2 and β-catenin loops, which controls the activation of glial cells in the damaged area and the apoptosis of neuronal cells, and alleviated pain. In the male SD rat model, we evaluated this effect that EA inhibits autophagy in the hippocampus by reducing β-catenin/COX-2 protein expression in the brain tissue. In addition, we assessed expression levels of autophagy-related proteins and genes on the inflammatory primary brain cells model. From the experiment, we found EA may inhibit autophagy in the hippocampus by reducing β-catenin/COX-2 protein expression. These findings provide a foundation for the interpretation of the mechanism of EA on relieving CPSP in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zheng
- Lab of Hepatopharmacology and Ethnopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-central University For Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of MOE and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Feng-Zhen Huang
- Lab of Hepatopharmacology and Ethnopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-central University For Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xia-Tian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of MOE and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - He-Bin Tang
- Lab of Hepatopharmacology and Ethnopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-central University For Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yu-Sang Li
- Lab of Hepatopharmacology and Ethnopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-central University For Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Kevin Zhang
- Lab of Hepatopharmacology and Ethnopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-central University For Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Lab of Hepatopharmacology and Ethnopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-central University For Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gui-Hua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of MOE and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.
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85
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Li X, He S, Ma B. Autophagy and autophagy-related proteins in cancer. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:12. [PMID: 31969156 PMCID: PMC6975070 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-1138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 845] [Impact Index Per Article: 211.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, as a type II programmed cell death, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related (ATG) proteins in cancer. Up to now, the dual role of autophagy both in cancer progression and inhibition remains controversial, in which the numerous ATG proteins and their core complexes including ULK1/2 kinase core complex, autophagy-specific class III PI3K complex, ATG9A trafficking system, ATG12 and LC3 ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, give multiple activities of autophagy pathway and are involved in autophagy initiation, nucleation, elongation, maturation, fusion and degradation. Autophagy plays a dynamic tumor-suppressive or tumor-promoting role in different contexts and stages of cancer development. In the early tumorigenesis, autophagy, as a survival pathway and quality-control mechanism, prevents tumor initiation and suppresses cancer progression. Once the tumors progress to late stage and are established and subjected to the environmental stresses, autophagy, as a dynamic degradation and recycling system, contributes to the survival and growth of the established tumors and promotes aggressiveness of the cancers by facilitating metastasis. This indicates that regulation of autophagy can be used as effective interventional strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shikun He
- Ophthalmology Optometry Centre, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, 100044, China.,Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Binyun Ma
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. .,Department of Medicine/Hematology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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86
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A new avenue for treating Parkinson's disease targeted at aggrephagy modulation and neuroinflammation: Insights from in vitro and animal studies. EBioMedicine 2019; 51:102575. [PMID: 31901571 PMCID: PMC6940682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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87
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Saewanee N, Praputpittaya T, Malaiwong N, Chalorak P, Meemon K. Neuroprotective effect of metformin on dopaminergic neurodegeneration and α-synuclein aggregation in C. elegans model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Res 2019; 162:13-21. [PMID: 31881233 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Saewanee
- Mahidol University International College, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Theethawat Praputpittaya
- Mahidol University International College, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nawaphat Malaiwong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pawanrat Chalorak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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88
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Shen D, Hensley K, Denton TT. An overview of sulfur-containing compounds originating from natural metabolites: Lanthionine ketimine and its analogues. Anal Biochem 2019; 591:113543. [PMID: 31862405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dunxin Shen
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 412 East Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA, 99202-2131, USA
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Sciences, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, 7000 Chad Colley Blvd, Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - Travis T Denton
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 412 East Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA, 99202-2131, USA.
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89
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Svarcbahs R, Jäntti M, Kilpeläinen T, Julku UH, Urvas L, Kivioja S, Norrbacka S, Myöhänen TT. Prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition activates autophagy via protein phosphatase 2A. Pharmacol Res 2019; 151:104558. [PMID: 31759088 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) is a serine protease that has been studied particularly in the context of neurodegenerative diseases for decades but its physiological function has remained unclear. We have previously found that PREP negatively regulates beclin1-mediated macroautophagy (autophagy), and that PREP inhibition by a small-molecule inhibitor induces clearance of protein aggregates in Parkinson's disease models. Since autophagy induction has been suggested as a potential therapy for several diseases, we wanted to further characterize how PREP regulates autophagy. We measured the levels of various kinases and proteins regulating beclin1-autophagy in HEK-293 and SH-SY5Y cell cultures after PREP inhibition, PREP deletion, and PREP overexpression and restoration, and verified the results in vivo by using PREP knock-out and wild-type mouse tissue where PREP was restored or overexpressed, respectively. We found that PREP regulates autophagy by interacting with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and its endogenous inhibitor, protein phosphatase methylesterase 1 (PME1), and activator (protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator, PTPA), thus adjusting its activity and the levels of PP2A in the intracellular pool. PREP inhibition and deletion increased PP2A activity, leading to activation of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), beclin1 phosphorylation and induced autophagy while PREP overexpression reduced this. Lowered activity of PP2A is connected to several neurodegenerative disorders and cancers, and PP2A activators would have enormous potential as drug therapy but development of such compounds has been a challenge. The concept of PREP inhibition has been proved safe, and therefore, our study supports the further development of PREP inhibitors as PP2A activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinis Svarcbahs
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Jäntti
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Kilpeläinen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrika H Julku
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Urvas
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Kivioja
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Norrbacka
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo T Myöhänen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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90
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Cai L, Liu X, Guo Q, huang Q, Zhang Q, Cao Z. MiR-15a attenuates peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain by targeting AKT3 to regulate autophagy. Genes Genomics 2019; 42:77-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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91
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Nouri Z, Fakhri S, El-Senduny FF, Sanadgol N, Abd-ElGhani GE, Farzaei MH, Chen JT. On the Neuroprotective Effects of Naringenin: Pharmacological Targets, Signaling Pathways, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspective. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E690. [PMID: 31684142 PMCID: PMC6920995 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a group of progressive, chronic, and disabling disorders, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions of people worldwide, and are on the rise. NDs are known as the gradual loss of neurons; however, their pathophysiological mechanisms have not been precisely revealed. Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind the neurodegeneration, investigating effective and multi-target treatments has remained a clinical challenge. Besides, appropriate neuroprotective agents are still lacking, which raises the need for new therapeutic agents. In recent years, several reports have introduced naturally-derived compounds as promising alternative treatments for NDs. Among natural entities, flavonoids are multi-target alternatives affecting different pathogenesis mechanisms in neurodegeneration. Naringenin is a natural flavonoid possessing neuroprotective activities. Increasing evidence has attained special attention on the variety of therapeutic targets along with complex signaling pathways for naringenin, which suggest its possible therapeutic applications in several NDs. Here, in this review, the neuroprotective effects of naringenin, as well as its related pharmacological targets, signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms, and clinical perspective, are described. Moreover, the need to develop novel naringenin delivery systems is also discussed to solve its widespread pharmacokinetic limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Student's Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran.
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Fardous F El-Senduny
- Biochemistry division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol 7383198616, Iran.
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Ghada E Abd-ElGhani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
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92
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Association between autophagy and rapid eye movement sleep loss-associated neurodegenerative and patho-physio-behavioral changes. Sleep Med 2019; 63:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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93
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Abd-elrahman KS, Albaker A, de Souza JM, Ribeiro FM, Schlossmacher MG, Tiberi M, Hamilton A, Ferguson SSG. Aβ oligomers induce sex-selective differences in mGluR5 pharmacology and pathophysiological signaling in Alzheimer mice.. [DOI: 10.1101/803262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTSex is a key modifier of the prevalence and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). β- Amyloid (Aβ) deposition is a pathological hallmark of AD and aberrant activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) by Aβ has been linked to AD progression. We find that mGluR5 exhibits distinct sex-dependent pharmacological profiles. Specifically, endogenous mGluR5 from male mouse cortex and hippocampus binds with high-affinity to Aβ oligomers whereas, female mGluR5 exhibits no affinity to Aβ oligomers. The binding affinity of mGluR5 to Aβ oligomer is dependent on its interaction with cellular prion protein (PrPC) as mGluR5 co-immunoprecipitates with PrPCfrom male, but not female, mouse brain. Aβ oligomers also bind with high-affinity to human mGluR5 in male, but not female, cortex. The mGluR5/Aβ oligomer/PrPCternary complex is essential to elicit mGluR5-dependent pathological signaling and as a consequence mGluR5-regulated GSK3β/ZBTB16 autophagic signaling is dysregulated in male, but not female, primary neuronal cultures. These sex-specific differences in mGluR5 signaling translate into in vivo differences in mGluR5-dependent pathological signaling between male and female AD mice. We show that the chronic inhibition of mGluR5 using a mGluR5-selective negative allosteric modulator reactivates GSK3β/ZBTB16-regulated autophagy, mitigates Aβ pathology and reverses cognitive decline in male, but not female, APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice. Thus, it is evident that, unlike male brain, mGluR5 does not contribute to Aβ pathology in female AD mice. This study highlights the complexity of mGluR5 pharmacology and Aβ oligomer-activated pathological signaling and emphasizes the need for clinical trials redesign and analysis of sex-tailored treatment for AD.
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94
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Chen L, Fu H, Lu T, Cai J, Liu W, Yao J, Liang J, Zhao H, Zhang J, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Yang Y. An Integrated Nomogram Combining Clinical Factors and Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3B Expression to Predict Postoperative Prognosis in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Res Treat 2019; 52:469-480. [PMID: 31588704 PMCID: PMC7176971 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2019.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) serves as a key
component of autophagy, which is associated with the progression of
carcinoma. Yet, it is still unclear whether LC3B is also an independent risk
factor for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We aim to explore the
predictive value of LC3B on prognosis of ICC, and to establish a novel and
available nomogram to predict relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall
survival (OS) for these patients after curative-intent hepatectomy. Materials and Methods From August 2004 to March 2017, 105 ICC patients were eligibly enrolled in
the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Preoperative
clinical information of enrolled patients was collected. Expression LC3B in
the ICC specimen was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The 5-year RFS and OS in this cohort were 15.7% and 29.6%, respectively. On
multivariate Cox regression analysis, independent risk factors for 5-year OS
were cancer antigen 125, microvascular invasion, LC3B expression and lymph
node metastasis. Except for the above 4 factors, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio
and tumor differentiation were independent factors for 5-year RFS. The area
under the curve of nomograms for OS and RFS were 0.820 and 0.747,
respectively. Conclusion The nomograms based on LC3B can be considered as effective models to predict
postoperative survival for ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyuan Fu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tongyu Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinliang Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiebin Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingcai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Balke D, Tatenhorst L, Dambeck V, Ribas VT, Vahsen BF, Michel U, Bähr M, Lingor P. AAV-Mediated Expression of Dominant-Negative ULK1 Increases Neuronal Survival and Enhances Motor Performance in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:685-697. [PMID: 31446549 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Loss of nigrostriatal projections by axonal degeneration is a key early event in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology, being accountable for the lack of dopamine in the nigrostriatal system and resulting in motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor. Since autophagy is an important mechanism contributing to axonal degeneration, we aimed to evaluate the effects of competitive autophagy inhibition in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD in vivo. Adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)-mediated overexpression of a dominant-negative form of the unc-51 like autophagy-initiating kinase (ULK1.DN) in the substantia nigra was induced 3 weeks before MPTP treatment. Analysis of motor behavior demonstrated a significant improvement of ULK1.DN expressing mice after MPTP treatment. Immunohistochemical analyses of dopaminergic nigral neurons and nigrostriatal projections revealed a significant protection from MPTP-induced neurotoxicity after ULK1.DN expression. Western blot analysis linked these findings to an activation of mTOR signaling. Taken together, our results indicate that expression of ULK1.DN can attenuate MPTP-induced axonal neurodegeneration, suggesting that ULK1 could be a promising novel target in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Balke
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Tatenhorst
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vivian Dambeck
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vinicius Toledo Ribas
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Björn F Vahsen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Michel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81679, Munich, Germany.
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96
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Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process induced under various conditions of cellular stress, which prevents cell damage and promotes survival in the event of energy or nutrient shortage and responds to various cytotoxic insults. Thus, autophagy has primarily cytoprotective functions and needs to be tightly regulated to respond correctly to the different stimuli that cells experience, thereby conferring adaptation to the ever-changing environment. It is now apparent that autophagy is deregulated in the context of various human pathologies, including cancer and neurodegeneration, and its modulation has considerable potential as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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97
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Khuansuwan S, Barnhill LM, Cheng S, Bronstein JM. A novel transgenic zebrafish line allows for in vivo quantification of autophagic activity in neurons. Autophagy 2019; 15:1322-1332. [PMID: 30755067 PMCID: PMC6613892 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1580511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of most neurodegenerative diseases includes aberrant accumulation of protein aggregates. Recent evidence highlights the role of protein degradation pathways in neurodegeneration. Concurrently, genetic tools have been generated to enable zebrafish, Danio rerio, to be used as an animal model to study neurodegenerative processes. In addition to optical clarity and fast ex utero development, the zebrafish brain is relatively small and has conserved structures with its mammalian counterparts. To take advantage of this model organism and to aid further studies on autophagy and neurodegeneration, we created a stable transgenic zebrafish line that expresses eGFP-Map1lc3b specifically in post-mitotic neurons under the elavl3 promoter. This line is useful for indirectly monitoring autophagic activity in neurons in vivo and screening for macroautophagy/autophagy-modulating compounds. We determined the applicability of this transgenic line by modulating and quantifying the number of autophagosomes via treatment with a known autophagy inducer (rapamycin) and inhibitors (3-methyladenine, protease inhibitors). Additionally, we proposed an in vivo method for quantifying rates of autophagosome accumulation, which can be used to infer occurrence of autophagic flux. Last, we tested two FDA-approved drugs currently undergoing clinical studies for Parkinson disease, isradipine and nilotinib, and found that isradipine did not modulate autophagy, whereas nilotinib induced both autophagosome number and autophagic flux. It is hoped that others will find this line useful as an in vivo vertebrate model to find or validate autophagy modulators that might be used to halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Abbreviations: 3MA: 3-methyladenine; BafA: bafilomycin A1; dd: dorsal diencephalon; dpf: days post fertilization; e: eye; eGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; Elavl3: ELAV like neuron-specific RNA binding protein 3; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; hb: habenula; hpt, hours post treatment; Map1lc3b: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; nt: neural tube; ot, optic tectum; P/E: pepstatin A and E64d; PD: Parkinson disease; PMTs: photomultiplier tubes; PTU: 1-phenyl-2-thiourea; Ta: annealing temperature; Tel, telencephalon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sataree Khuansuwan
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M. Barnhill
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Toxicology Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sizhu Cheng
- UCLA Undergraduate Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff M. Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Toxicology Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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98
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Li Y, Liu L, Tian Y, Zhang J. Rapamycin improves sevoflurane‑induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats by mediating autophagy through the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3085-3094. [PMID: 31432123 PMCID: PMC6755174 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to observe the protective effect of rapamycin on cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane in aged rats and its effect on autophagy-related proteins, and to investigate the regulatory mechanism of the Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) signaling pathway. Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control group, a sevoflurane group, a rapamycin pretreatment group, a TLR4 inhibitor group and a 3MA autophagy inhibitor group. A water maze test was used to evaluate the cognition and memory of rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to observe pathological changes of brain tissue. A TUNEL assay was used to detect the apoptosis of brain tissue. ELISA was used to assess changes in brain injury markers and inflammatory factors. A western blot assay or quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) were performed to determine the expression of autophagy-related proteins and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in brain tissue. The results revealed that rapamycin could improve cognitive dysfunction of aged rats induced by sevoflurane. Rapamycin was identified to play a therapeutic role, including mitigating brain tissue damage, inhibiting apoptosis, and activating autophagy in a sevoflurane-treated aged rat model. This function of rapamycin was demonstrated to depend on the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Lidan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yue Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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99
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Meng T, Lin S, Zhuang H, Huang H, He Z, Hu Y, Gong Q, Feng D. Recent progress in the role of autophagy in neurological diseases. Cell Stress 2019; 3:141-161. [PMID: 31225510 PMCID: PMC6551859 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.05.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (here refers to macroautophagy) is a catabolic pathway by which large protein aggregates and damaged organelles are first sequestered into a double-membraned structure called autophago-some and then delivered to lysosome for destruction. Recently, tremen-dous progress has been made to elucidate the molecular mechanism and functions of this essential cellular metabolic process. In addition to being either a rubbish clearing system or a cellular surviving program in response to different stresses, autophagy plays important roles in a large number of pathophysiological conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, and especially neurodegenerative disorders. Here we review recent progress in the role of autophagy in neurological diseases and discuss how dysregulation of autophagy initiation, autophagosome formation, maturation, and/or au-tophagosome-lysosomal fusion step contributes to the pathogenesis of these disorders in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Shiyin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Haixia Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Haofeng Huang
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengjie He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yongquan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qing Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Du Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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100
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Li X, Song J, Dong R. Cubeben induces autophagy via PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway to protect primary neurons against amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:679-686. [PMID: 30968233 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradative process by which it recycles cytosolic components and degrades protein aggregates inside cells. Here, we identified cubeben as an inducer of autophagy in primary neuronal cells. Autophagy induction was accompanied the upregulation of autophagic proteins like Beclin, ATG5, ATG12 and lipidation of LC3-II in primary neuronal cells. Cubeben induces autophagy by the inhibition of PI3K-AKT pathway in a dose dependent manner. Constitutive active P110α abrogates cubeben induced autophagic induction in primary neuronal cells. Furthermore, cubeben inhibits amyloid beta induced toxicity in primary neuronal cells. Thus our data suggests that cubeben as a potential anti-Alzheimer therapeutic lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Li
- Department of Neurology, ZiBo Central Hospital, 54 Communist Youth League West Road, Zibo, 255036, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinqiu Song
- Department of Neurology, ZiBo Central Hospital, 54 Communist Youth League West Road, Zibo, 255036, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ruijian Dong
- Department of Neurology, ZiBo Central Hospital, 54 Communist Youth League West Road, Zibo, 255036, Shandong Province, China.
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