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do Nascimento ASF, Serna S, Beloqui A, Arda A, Sampaio AH, Walcher J, Ott D, Unverzagt C, Reichardt NC, Jimenez-Barbero J, Nascimento KS, Imberty A, Cavada BS, Varrot A. Algal lectin binding to core (α1-6) fucosylated N-glycans: structural basis for specificity and production of recombinant protein. Glycobiology 2015; 25:607-16. [PMID: 25573275 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the specificity of BTL, a lectin from the red marine alga Bryothamnion triquetrum, toward fucosylated oligosaccharides. BTL showed a strict specificity for the core α1,6-fucosylation, which is an important marker for cancerogenesis and quality control of therapeutical antibodies. The double fucosylation α1,6 and α1,3 was also recognized, but the binding was totally abolished in the sole presence of the α1,3-fucosylation. A more detailed analysis of the specificity of BTL showed a preference for bi- and tri-antennary nonbisected N-glycans. Sialylation or fucosylation at the nonreducing end of N-glycans did not affect the recognition by the lectin. BTL displayed a strong affinity for a core α1,6-fucosylated octasaccharide with a Kd of 12 μM by titration microcalorimetry. The structural characterization of the interaction between BTL and the octasaccharide was obtained by STD-NMR. It demonstrated an extended epitope for recognition that includes the fucose residue, the distal GlcNAc and one mannose residue. Recombinant rBTL was obtained in Escherichia coli and characterized. Its binding properties for carbohydrates were studied using hemagglutination tests and glycan array analysis. rBTL was able to agglutinate rabbit erythrocytes with strong hemagglutination activity only after treatment with papain and trypsin, indicating that its ligands were not directly accessible at the cell surface. The hemagglutinating properties of rBTL confirm the correct folding and functional state of the protein. The results show BTL as a potent candidate for cancer diagnosis and as a reagent for the preparation and quality control of antibodies lacking core α1,6-fucosylated N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônia S F do Nascimento
- CERMAV, UPR5301, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041 Grenoble, France Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Sonia Serna
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, CICbiomaGUNE, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana Beloqui
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, CICbiomaGUNE, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana Arda
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre H Sampaio
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Marinha-BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Janika Walcher
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dimitri Ott
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Niels-Christian Reichardt
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, CICbiomaGUNE, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramon 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesus Jimenez-Barbero
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kyria S Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV, UPR5301, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Benildo S Cavada
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Annabelle Varrot
- CERMAV, UPR5301, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041 Grenoble, France
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Akiyoshi S, Nomura KH, Dejima K, Murata D, Matsuda A, Kanaki N, Takaki T, Mihara H, Nagaishi T, Furukawa S, Ando KG, Yoshina S, Mitani S, Togayachi A, Suzuki Y, Shikanai T, Narimatsu H, Nomura K. RNAi screening of human glycogene orthologs in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the construction of the C. elegans glycogene database. Glycobiology 2015; 25:8-20. [PMID: 25091817 PMCID: PMC4245905 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we selected 181 nematode glycogenes that are orthologous to human glycogenes and examined their RNAi phenotypes. The results are deposited in the Caenorhabditis elegans Glycogene Database (CGGDB) at AIST, Tsukuba, Japan. The most prominent RNAi phenotypes observed are disruptions of cell cycle progression in germline mitosis/meiosis and in early embryonic cell mitosis. Along with the previously reported roles of chondroitin proteoglycans, glycosphingolipids and GPI-anchored proteins in cell cycle progression, we show for the first time that the inhibition of the functions of N-glycan synthesis genes (cytoplasmic alg genes) resulted in abnormal germline formation, ER stress and small body size phenotypes. The results provide additional information on the roles of glycoconjugates in the cell cycle progression mechanisms of germline and embryonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuko H Nomura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center Building, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Katsufumi Dejima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center Building, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Daisuke Murata
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center Building, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | | | - Nanako Kanaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Takaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nagaishi
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, and Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Keiko-Gengyo Ando
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center Building, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Sawako Yoshina
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Shohei Mitani
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center Building, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Akira Togayachi
- Glycomedicine Technology Research Center (GTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Suzuki
- Glycomedicine Technology Research Center (GTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Toshihide Shikanai
- Glycomedicine Technology Research Center (GTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Glycomedicine Technology Research Center (GTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nomura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences 33, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center Building, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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53
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Meneghello G, Storm MP, Chaudhuri JB, De Bank PA, Ellis MJ. An investigation into the stability of commercial versus MG63-derived hepatocyte growth factor under flow cultivation conditions. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:725-31. [PMID: 25331689 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The scale-up of tissue engineering cell culture must ensure that conditions are maintained while also being cost effective. Here we analyse the stability of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to investigate whether concentrations change under dynamic conditions, and compare commercial recombinant human HGF as an additive in 'standard medium', to HGF secreted by the osteosarcoma cell line MG63 as a 'preconditioned medium'. After 3 h under flow conditions, HGF in the standard medium degraded to 40% of its original concentration but HGF in the preconditioned medium remained at 100%. The concentration of secreted HGF was 10 times greater than the working concentration of commercially-available HGF. Thus HGF within this medium has increased stability; MG63-derived HGF should therefore be investigated as a cost-effective alternative to current lyophilised powders for use in in vitro models. Furthermore, we recommend that those intending to use HGF (or other growth factors) should consider similar stability testing before embarking on experiments with media flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Meneghello
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Nakanishi M, Karasudani M, Shiraishi T, Hashida K, Hino M, Ferguson MAJ, Nomoto H. TbGT8 is a bifunctional glycosyltransferase that elaborates N-linked glycans on a protein phosphatase AcP115 and a GPI-anchor modifying glycan in Trypanosoma brucei. Parasitol Int 2014; 63:513-8. [PMID: 24508870 PMCID: PMC4003530 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The procyclic form of Trypanosoma brucei expresses procyclin surface glycoproteins with unusual glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor side chain structures that contain branched N-acetyllactosamine and lacto-N-biose units. The glycosyltransferase TbGT8 is involved in the synthesis of the branched side chain through its UDP-GlcNAc: βGal β1-3N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity. Here, we explored the role of TbGT8 in the mammalian bloodstream form of the parasite with a tetracycline-inducible conditional null T. brucei mutant for TbGT8. Under non-permissive conditions, the mutant showed significantly reduced binding to tomato lectin, which recognizes poly-N-acetyllactosamine-containing glycans. Lectin pull-down assays revealed differences between the wild type and TbGT8 null-mutant T. brucei, notably the absence of a broad protein band with an approximate molecular weight of 110 kDa in the mutant lysate. Proteomic analysis revealed that the band contained several glycoproteins, including the acidic ecto-protein phosphatase AcP115, a stage-specific glycoprotein in the bloodstream form of T. brucei. Western blotting with an anti-AcP115 antibody revealed that AcP115 was approximately 10kDa smaller in the mutant. Enzymatic de-N-glycosylation demonstrated that the underlying protein cores were the same, suggesting that the 10-kDa difference was due to differences in N-linked glycans. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed the colocalization of hemagglutinin epitope-tagged TbGT8 and the Golgi-associated protein GRASP. These data suggest that TbGT8 is involved in the construction of complex poly-N-acetyllactosamine-containing type N-linked and GPI-linked glycans in the Golgi of the bloodstream and procyclic parasite forms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
| | - Moe Karasudani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shiraishi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hashida
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan
| | - Mami Hino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan
| | - Michael A J Ferguson
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan
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Wu B, Woodward R, Wen L, Wang X, Zhao G, Wang PG. Synthesis of a Comprehensive Polyprenol Library for Evaluation of Bacterial Enzyme Lipid Substrate Specificity. European J Org Chem 2013; 2013:8162-8173. [PMID: 24511260 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyprenols, a type of universal glycan lipid carrier, play important roles for glycan bio-assembly in wide variety of living systems. Chemical synthesis of natural polyisoprenols such as undecaprenol and dolichols, but especially their homologs, could serves as a powerful molecular tool to dissect and define the functions of enzymes involved in glycan biosynthesis. In this paper, we report an efficient and reliable method to construct this type of hydrophoic molecule through a base-mediated iterative coupling approach using a key bifunctional (Z, Z)-diisoprenyl building block. The ligation with N-acetyl-D-glactosamine (GalNAc) with a set of the synthesized lipid analogs forming polyprenol pyrophosphate linked GalNAc (GalNAc-PP-lipid) conjugates is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Wu
- The Center for Therapeutics and Diagnostics (CDT), Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA, , Homepage: http://chemistry.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Robert Woodward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH 44601, USA
| | - Liuqing Wen
- The Center for Therapeutics and Diagnostics (CDT), Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA, , Homepage: http://chemistry.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Xuan Wang
- The Center for Therapeutics and Diagnostics (CDT), Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA, , Homepage: http://chemistry.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Guohui Zhao
- The Center for Therapeutics and Diagnostics (CDT), Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA, , Homepage: http://chemistry.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Peng George Wang
- The Center for Therapeutics and Diagnostics (CDT), Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA, , Homepage: http://chemistry.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
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56
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Kurz S, Jin C, Hykollari A, Gregorich D, Giomarelli B, Vasta GR, Wilson IBH, Paschinger K. Hemocytes and plasma of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) display a diverse repertoire of sulfated and blood group A-modified N-glycans. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24410-28. [PMID: 23824194 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.478933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) has become a useful model system for glycan-dependent host-parasite interactions due to the hijacking of the oyster galectin CvGal1 for host entry by the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus, the causative agent of Dermo disease. In this study, we examined the N-glycans of both the hemocytes, which via CvGal1 are the target of the parasite, and the plasma of the oyster. In combination with HPLC fractionation, exoglycosidase digestion, and fragmentation of the glycans, mass spectrometry revealed that the major N-glycans of plasma are simple hybrid structures, sometimes methylated and core α1,6-fucosylated, with terminal β1,3-linked galactose; a remarkable high degree of sulfation of such glycans was observed. Hemocytes express a larger range of glycans, including core-difucosylated paucimannosidic forms, whereas bi- and triantennary glycans were found in both sources, including structures carrying sulfated and methylated variants of the histo-blood group A epitope. The primary features of the oyster whole hemocyte N-glycome were also found in dominin, the major plasma glycoprotein, which had also been identified as a CvGal1 glycoprotein ligand associated with hemocytes. The occurrence of terminal blood group moieties on oyster dominin and on hemocyte surfaces can account in part for their affinity for the endogenous CvGal1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kurz
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria
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57
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Yan 闫石 S, Serna S, Reichardt NC, Paschinger K, Wilson IBH. Array-assisted characterization of a fucosyltransferase required for the biosynthesis of complex core modifications of nematode N-glycans. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21015-21028. [PMID: 23754284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.479147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucose is a common monosaccharide component of cell surfaces and is involved in many biological recognition events. Therefore, definition and exploitation of the specificity of the enzymes (fucosyltransferases) involved in fucosylation is a recurrent theme in modern glycosciences. Despite various studies, the specificities of many fucosyltransferases are still unknown, so new approaches are required to study these. The model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans expresses a wide range of fucosylated glycans, including N-linked oligosaccharides with unusual complex core modifications. Up to three fucose residues can be present on the standard N,N'-diacetylchitobiose unit of these N-glycans, but only the fucosyltransferases responsible for transfer of two of these (the core α1,3-fucosyltransferase FUT-1 and the core α1,6-fucosyltransferase FUT-8) were previously characterized. By use of a glycan library in both array and solution formats, we were able to reveal that FUT-6, another C. elegans α1,3-fucosyltransferase, modifies nematode glycan cores, specifically the distal N-acetylglucosamine residue; this result is in accordance with glycomic analysis of fut-6 mutant worms. This core-modifying activity of FUT-6 in vitro and in vivo is in addition to its previously determined ability to synthesize Lewis X epitopes in vitro. A larger scale synthesis of a nematode N-glycan core in vitro using all three fucosyltransferases was performed, and the nature of the glycosidic linkages was determined by NMR. FUT-6 is probably the first eukaryotic glycosyltransferase whose specificity has been redefined with the aid of glycan microarrays and so is a paradigm for the study of other unusual glycosidic linkages in model and parasitic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yan 闫石
- From the Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria and
| | - Sonia Serna
- the Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CICbiomaGUNE, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Katharina Paschinger
- From the Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria and
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- From the Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria and.
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58
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Tsai YM, Hsu SC, Zhang J, Zhou YF, Plunkett B, Huang SK, Gao PS. Functional interaction of cockroach allergens and mannose receptor (CD206) in human circulating fibrocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64105. [PMID: 23734186 PMCID: PMC3667076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innate pattern recognition C-type-lectin receptors (CLRs), including mannose receptor (MRC1; CD206), have been suggested to functionally interact with allergens and are critical in controlling immune response. Fibrocytes have been considered to play a role in allergic asthma. Here we sought to investigate the functional interaction of cockroach allergens with CD206 in fibrocytes. METHODS Profiling of N-linked glycans from natural purified cockroach allergen Bla g 2 was accomplished by MALDI-MS. The binding activity of cockroach allergens to CD206 was determined by solid-phase binding assays. Levels of CD206 expression on human fibrocytes and CD206 mediated signaling and cytokine production in Bla g 2 treated fibrocytes were determined. RESULTS Profiling of N-linked glycans from Bla g 2 revealed a predominance of small, mannose-terminated glycans with and without fucose. Significant binding of Bla g 2 to CD206 was observed, which was inhibited by yeast mannan (a known CD206 ligand), free mannose, and a blocking antibody (anti-hMR). Flow cytometric analyses of human fibrocytes (CD45(+) and collagen-1(+)) showed selective expression of CD206 on fibrocytes. Functionally, a concentration-dependent uptake of FITC labeled Bla g 2 by fibrocytes was observed, but was significantly inhibited by anti-hMR. Bla g 2 can stimulate up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha and IL-6 and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB/p65), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), ERK, and JNK in cultured fibrocytes. This increased secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-6 and activation of NF-kB, ERK, and JNK was significantly inhibited by the addition of either mannan or mannose. Furthermore, Bla g 2 induced increase in TNF-alpha and IL-6 production was also inhibited by the use of NF-kB, ERK, and JNK inhibitors. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence supporting the existence of a functional cockroach allergen-CD206 axis in human fibrocytes, suggesting a role for CD206 in regulating allergen induced allergic responses in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ming Tsai
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Hsu
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jian Zhang
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Beverly Plunkett
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Song Gao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Broadening the scope of glycosyltransferase-catalyzed sugar nucleotide synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:7648-53. [PMID: 23610417 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1220220110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We described the integration of the general reversibility of glycosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions, artificial glycosyl donors, and a high throughput colorimetric screen to enable the engineering of glycosyltransferases for combinatorial sugar nucleotide synthesis. The best engineered catalyst from this study, the OleD Loki variant, contained the mutations P67T/I112P/T113M/S132F/A242I compared with the OleD wild-type sequence. Evaluated against the parental sequence OleD TDP16 variant used for screening, the OleD Loki variant displayed maximum improvements in k(cat)/K(m) of >400-fold and >15-fold for formation of NDP-glucoses and UDP-sugars, respectively. This OleD Loki variant also demonstrated efficient turnover with five variant NDP acceptors and six variant 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl glycoside donors to produce 30 distinct NDP-sugars. This study highlights a convenient strategy to rapidly optimize glycosyltransferase catalysts for the synthesis of complex sugar nucleotides and the practical synthesis of a unique set of sugar nucleotides.
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60
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The unfolded protein response selectively targets active smoothened mutants. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:2375-87. [PMID: 23572559 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01445-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog signaling pathway, an essential regulator of developmental patterning, has been implicated in playing causative and survival roles in a range of human cancers. The signal-transducing component of the pathway, Smoothened, has revealed itself to be an efficacious therapeutic target in combating oncogenic signaling. However, therapeutic challenges remain in cases where tumors acquire resistance to Smoothened antagonists, and also in cases where signaling is driven by active Smoothened mutants that exhibit reduced sensitivity to these compounds. We previously demonstrated that active Smoothened mutants are subjected to prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention, likely due to their mutations triggering conformation shifts that are detected by ER quality control. We attempted to exploit this biology and demonstrate that deregulated Hedgehog signaling driven by active Smoothened mutants is specifically attenuated by ER stressors that induce the unfolded protein response (UPR). Upon UPR induction, active Smoothened mutants are targeted by ER-associated degradation, resulting in attenuation of inappropriate pathway activity. Accordingly, we found that the UPR agonist thapsigargin attenuated mutant Smoothened-induced phenotypes in vivo in Drosophila melanogaster. Wild-type Smoothened and physiological Hedgehog patterning were not affected, suggesting that UPR modulation may provide a novel therapeutic window to be evaluated for targeting active Smoothened mutants in disease.
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Schiller B, Makrypidi G, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Paschinger K, Walochnik J, Wilson IBH. Exploring the unique N-glycome of the opportunistic human pathogen Acanthamoeba. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43191-204. [PMID: 23139421 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.418095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans play key roles in host-pathogen interactions; thus, knowing the N-glycomic repertoire of a pathogen can be helpful in deciphering its methods of establishing and sustaining a disease. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the glycomic potential of the facultative amoebal parasite Acanthamoeba. This is the first study of its asparagine-linked glycans, for which we applied biochemical tools and various approaches of mass spectrometry. An initial glycomic screen of eight strains from five genotypes of this human pathogen suggested, in addition to the common eukaryotic oligomannose structures, the presence of pentose and deoxyhexose residues on their N-glycans. A more detailed analysis was performed on the N-glycans of a genotype T11 strain (4RE); fractionation by HPLC and tandem mass spectrometric analyses indicated the presence of a novel mannosylfucosyl modification of the reducing terminal core as well as phosphorylation of mannose residues, methylation of hexose and various forms of pentosylation. The largest N-glycan in the 4RE strain contained two N-acetylhexosamine, thirteen hexose, one fucose, one methyl, and two pentose residues; however, in this and most other strains analyzed, glycans with compositions of Hex(8-9)HexNAc(2)Pnt(0-1) tended to dominate in terms of abundance. Although no correlation between pathogenicity and N-glycan structure can be proposed, highly unusual structures in this facultative parasite can be found which are potential virulence factors or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Schiller
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences), A-1190 Wien, Austria
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