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Li Y, Wu Y. MiR-200-3p inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by upregulation of FOXO1 in osteosarcoma cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-018-0009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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52
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pH-responsive mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites/chitosan core-shell nanodisks loaded with doxorubicin against osteosarcoma. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 85:142-153. [PMID: 29407142 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral or intravenous chemotherapy is an important strategy to treat metastatic cancer, but it may cause systemic toxicity for healthy tissue. Herein, we for the first time fabricated mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites/chitosan core-shell nanodisks loaded with doxorubicin (ZSM-5/CS/DOX) as drug delivery systems against osteosarcoma. The mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites exhibited disk-like shapes with thicknesses of 100nm and diameters of 300nm, and the mesopores with pore sizes of 3.75nm were originated from desilication treatment. The pH-responsive ZSM-5/CS/DOX nanodisks possessed a great drug loading efficiency of 97.7%, and their controlled release trends of DOX were fitted well with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The DOX could be efficiently released the ZSM-5/CS/DOX nanodisks after cellular endocytosis and induced cancer cells apoptosis. Moreover, the pH-responsive drug carriers led to efficient tumor inhibition with low side effects, especially cardiac toxicity, as confirmed by pharmacokinetic study, serological examination and H&E staining assays. Therefore, the ZSM-5/CS/DOX nanodisks are a promising pH-responsive drug carrier for targeted cancer therapy.
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53
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Lu L, Dai Z, Luo Q, Lv G. The long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 inhibits tumor progression in osteosarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1947-1953. [PMID: 29257211 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been identified to serve a critical role in the development of various types of cancer. Cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) is a cancer‑associated lncRNA. However, whether CASC2 regulates osteosarcoma progression remains unclear. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, invasion and migration assays were used to evaluate the role of CASC2 in osteosarcoma. The present study reported that CASC2 may inhibit osteosarcoma development. Osteosarcoma tissues demonstrated reduced CASC2 expression compared with normal adjacent tissues. In addition, CASC2 transduction may decrease proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cell lines whereas knockdown of CASC2 displayed opposing effects. Patients with low CASC2 levels were predicted to have a poor survival. In vivo implantation studies using pcDNA‑CASC2 or short interfering‑CASC2 exhibited decreased or increased tumor weight, respectively. These results suggested that CASC2 may serve as a potential tumor suppressor lncRNA in osteosarcoma and may provide potential insight into targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361101, P.R. China
| | - Zhehao Dai
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Qing Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guiyang 563000, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Baicalein inhibits progression of osteosarcoma cells through inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86098-86116. [PMID: 29156780 PMCID: PMC5689670 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a very common type of malignant bone tumor in children and young adults and aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been discovered in osteosarcoma. The traditional Chinese medicine baicalein was proved to have anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic properties in osteosarcoma, but the mechanism remained poorly understood. In the present study, we assessed the effects of baicalein on osteosarcoma and detected the potential molecular mechanism. We found that baicalein significantly suppressed the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In additional, baicalein could induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and reduce cell motility. Moreover, the level of β-catenin and its target genes, including c-myc, cyclinD1, and survivin significantly decreased in baicalein-treated osteosarcoma cells, whereas exogenous expression of β-catenin could reverse the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects of baicalein. Subsequently, we established a 143B xenograft tumor model and found that baicalein treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth accompanied with inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, these findings suggest that baicalein may be a potentially effective Chinese herbal medicine for therapeutics of osteosarcoma and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may serve as an efficient molecular marker or predictive target for osteosarcoma.
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Zhang HL, Zhang H. Withaferin-A Induces Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma U2OS Cell Line via Generation of ROS and Disruption of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:523-527. [PMID: 28839383 PMCID: PMC5551376 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.211042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Withaferin-A (WF-A) is a well-known dietary compound isolated from Withania sominifera. It has tremendous pharmacological potential and has been shown to exhibit antiproliferative activity against several types of cancerous cells. Currently, the main focus of anti-cancer therapeutic development is to identify apoptosis inducing drug-like molecules. Osteosarcoma is a rare type of osteocancer, affecting human. The present study therefore focused on the evaluation of antitumor potential of WF-A against several osteosarcoma cell lines. Materials and Methods: MTT assay was used to evaluate WF-A against osteosarcoma cell lines and to calculate the IC50. DAPI staining was used to confirm the apoptosis inducing potential of WF-A. Mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and Western blotting were used to confirm the basis of apoptosis. Results: The results revealed that that WF-A exhibited strong antiproliferative activity against all the cells lines, with IC50 ranging from 0.32 to 7.6 μM. The lowest IC50 (0.32 μM) was observed against U2OS cell line and therefore it was selected for further analysis. DAPI staining indicated that WF-A exhibited antiproliferative activity via induction of apoptosis. Moreover, WF-A induced ROS-mediated reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential ΔΨm) in a dose-dependent manner and activation of caspase-3 in osteosarcoma cells. Conclusion We propose that WF-A may prove a potent therapeutic agent for inducing apoptosis in osteosarcoma cell lines via generation of ROS and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. SUMMARY WF-A exhibits strong anticancer activity against osteosarcoma cell lines Antiproliferative activity of WF-A is via induction of apoptosis WF-A induced ROS-mediated reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential WF-A induced expression of caspase-3 in osteosarcoma cells.
Abbreviations used: WA: Withaferin A; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; OS: Osteosarcoma; MMP: Mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Liang Zhang
- Department of Elderly Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint, The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Kun-Peng Z, Xiao-Long M, Chun-Lin Z. LncRNA FENDRR sensitizes doxorubicin-resistance of osteosarcoma cells through down-regulating ABCB1 and ABCC1. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71881-71893. [PMID: 29069754 PMCID: PMC5641097 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) act as crucial regulators in various cancers including osteosarcoma (OS), yet their potential roles and molecular mechanisms in OS chemoresistance remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role and potential regulatory mechanism of the most down-regulated expressed lncRNA, FENDRR screened by our previous lncRNA microarray analysis between the paired doxorubicin-resistant and sensitive human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG63/DXR vs MG63). FENDRR expression was down-regulated in the doxorubicin-resistant OS cell lines and tissues and negatively correlated to the poor prognosis of OS patients. Overexpression of FENDRR suppressed doxorubicin-resistance, G2/M phase of cell cycle, and promoted cell apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo whereas FENDRR knockdown had the opposite effects. In addition, we found that FENDRR was mainly located in the cytoplasm and could regulate the drug resistance of osteosarcoma cells by negatively affecting posttranscriptional expression of ABCB1 and ABCC1. Together, our study demonstrated that lncRNA FENDRR may act as an inhibitory molecule of doxorubicin-resistance through down-regulating the expression of ABCB1 and ABCC1 genes in osteosarcoma cells. These findings may extend the function of FENDRR in tumor progression and provide a novel target for reversing OS chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Kun-Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China.,Institute of Bone Tumor Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Ma Xiao-Long
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China.,Institute of Bone Tumor Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Zhang Chun-Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China.,Institute of Bone Tumor Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China
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MicroRNA-379 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells by targetting EIF4G2. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160542. [PMID: 28381518 PMCID: PMC5434889 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant mesenchymal neoplasm amongst adolescents. The aim of the present study was to explore the various modes of action that miR-379 has on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human OS cells. miR-379 achieves this by targetting eukaryotic initiation factor 4GII (EIF4G2). Human OS cell lines U2OS and MG-63 were selected and assigned into blank, miR-379 mimics, miR-379 mimic negative control (NC), miR-379 inhibitors, miR-379 inhibitor NC, EIF4G2 shRNA, control shRNA, and miR-379 inhibitor + EIF4G2 shRNA group. The miR-379 expression and EIF4G2 mRNA expression were detected utilising quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and the EIF4G2 protein expression using Western blotting. MTT assay, scratch test, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry were performed to determine the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle, respectively. In comparison with the miR-379 mimic NC group, the miR-379 mimics group had decreased EIF4G2 expression; the miR-379 inhibitors group indicated an increased EIF4G2 expression. Compared with the control shRNA group, the EIF4G2 expression was lower in the EIF4G2 shRNA group and the miR-379 expression was dropped in the miR-379 inhibitor + EIF4G2 shRNA group. The proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of OS cells were reduced in the miR-379 mimics and EIF4G2 shRNA groups. The percentage of OS cells at the G0/G1 stage was increased, and the percentage at the S-stage was decreased in the miR-379 mimics and EIF4G2 shRNA groups. miR-379 may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells through the down-regulation of EIF4G2.
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58
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Hattinger CM, Fanelli M, Tavanti E, Vella S, Riganti C, Picci P, Serra M. Doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma: novel therapeutic approaches in sight? Future Oncol 2017; 13:673-677. [PMID: 28183198 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Hattinger
- Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilù Fanelli
- Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Tavanti
- Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Vella
- Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology & Center for Experimental Research & Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Torino, via Santena, 5/bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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59
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Vella S, Tavanti E, Hattinger CM, Fanelli M, Versteeg R, Koster J, Picci P, Serra M. Targeting CDKs with Roscovitine Increases Sensitivity to DNA Damaging Drugs of Human Osteosarcoma Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166233. [PMID: 27898692 PMCID: PMC5127503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) has been reported to be essential for cell proliferation in several human tumours and it has been suggested as an appropriate target to be considered in order to enhance the efficacy of treatment regimens based on the use of DNA damaging drugs. We evaluated the clinical impact of CDK2 overexpression on a series of 21 high-grade osteosarcoma (OS) samples profiled by using cDNA microarrays. We also assessed the in vitro efficacy of the CDKs inhibitor roscovitine in a panel of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant human OS cell lines. OS tumour samples showed an inherent overexpression of CDK2, and high expression levels at diagnosis of this kinase appeared to negatively impact on clinical outcome. CDK2 expression also proved to be relevant for in vitro OS cells growth. These findings indicated CDK2 as a promising candidate therapeutic marker for OS and therefore we assessed the efficacy of the CDKs-inhibitor roscovitine in both drug-sensitive and -resistant OS cell lines. All cell lines resulted to be responsive to roscovitine, which was also able to increase the activity of cisplatin and doxorubicin, the two most active DNA damaging drugs used in OS chemotherapy. Our results indicated that combined treatment with conventional OS chemotherapeutic drugs and roscovitine may represent a new candidate intervention approach, which may be considered to enhance tumour cell sensitivity to DNA damaging drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Vella
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Italy
| | - Elisa Tavanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Italy
| | | | - Marilù Fanelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Italy
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Italy
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60
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Hattinger CM, Vella S, Tavanti E, Fanelli M, Picci P, Serra M. Pharmacogenomics of second-line drugs used for treatment of unresponsive or relapsed osteosarcoma patients. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:2097-2114. [PMID: 27883291 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Second-line treatment of high-grade osteosarcoma (HGOS) patients is based on different approaches and chemotherapy protocols, which are not yet standardized. Although several drugs have been used in HGOS second-line protocols, none of them has provided fully satisfactory results and the role of rescue chemotherapy is not well defined yet. This article focuses on the drugs that have most frequently been used for second-line treatment of HGOS, highlighting the present knowledge on their mechanisms of action and resistance and on gene polymorphisms with possible impact on treatment sensitivity or toxicity. In the near future, validation of the so far identified candidate genetic biomarkers may constitute the basis for tailoring treatment by taking the patients' genetic background into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Hattinger
- Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacogenetics Research Unit of the Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Vella
- Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacogenetics Research Unit of the Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Tavanti
- Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacogenetics Research Unit of the Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilù Fanelli
- Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacogenetics Research Unit of the Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacogenetics Research Unit of the Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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Zhang RX, Li Y, Tian DD, Liu Y, Nian W, Zou X, Chen QZ, Zhou LY, Deng ZL, He BC. Ursolic acid inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human osteosarcoma cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1973-1982. [PMID: 27665868 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple chemotherapeutic agents have been used for osteosarcoma (OS) treatment, their mechanisms need further study. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, can reduce cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various cancer cells, such as OS. However, the exact mechanism underlying this function remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti‑proliferative effect of UA in human OS 143B cells and dissected the possible molecular mechanism underlying this effect. We demonstrated that UA can reduce cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and arrest cell cycle in 143B cells, as well as inhibit OS tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Using a luciferase reporter assay, we found that the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling is inhibited by UA in 143B cells. Correspondingly, the expression level and nuclear translocation of β‑catenin are both decreased by UA. Exogenous expression of β‑catenin attenuates the anticancer effect of UA in 143B cells, while knockdown of β‑catenin enhances this effect. UA increases the expression level of p53 in a concentration‑dependent manner, and inhibition of p53 reduces the anticancer effect of UA in 143B cells. Moreover, inhibition of p53 partly reverses the UA‑induced downregulation of β‑catenin, as do the targets of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, such as c‑Myc and cyclin D1. Our findings indicated that UA can inhibit the proliferation of 143B OS cells through inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which may be mediated partly by upregulating the expression of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Xi Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wu Nian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Zhao Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Yun Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Scheil-Bertram S, Krenn V. [Minutes of the AG Knochen-, Gelenk- und Weichgewebspathologie : DGB-Conference on 19 May 2016]. DER PATHOLOGE 2016; 37:242-246. [PMID: 27638537 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-016-0193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Scheil-Bertram
- Institut für Pathologie und Zytologie, Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Ludwig-Erhard-Str. 100, 65199, Wiesbaden, Deutschland.
| | - V Krenn
- MVZ für Histologie, Zytologie & Molekulare Diagnostik, Trier, Deutschland
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Westrøm S, Bønsdorff TB, Abbas N, Bruland ØS, Jonasdottir TJ, Mælandsmo GM, Larsen RH. Evaluation of CD146 as Target for Radioimmunotherapy against Osteosarcoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165382. [PMID: 27776176 PMCID: PMC5077112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a rare form of cancer but with a substantial need for new active drugs. There is a particular need for targeted therapies to combat metastatic disease. One possible approach is to use an antibody drug conjugate or an antibody radionuclide conjugate to target the osteosarcoma metastases and circulating tumor cells. Herein we have evaluated a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody targeting CD146 both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS A murine monoclonal anti-CD146 IgG1 isotype antibody, named OI-3, was developed along with recombinant chimeric versions with human IgG1 or human IgG3 Fc sequences. Using flow cytometry, selective binding of OI-3 to human osteosarcoma cell lines OHS, KPDX and Saos-2 was confirmed. The results confirm a higher expression level of CD146 on human osteosarcoma cells than HER2 and EGFR; antigens targeted by commercially available therapeutic antibodies. The biodistribution of 125I-labeled OI-3 antibody variants was compared with 125I-labeled chimeric anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab in nude mice with subcutaneous OHS osteosarcoma xenografts. OI-3 was able to target CD146 expressing tumors in vivo and showed improved tumor to tissue targeting ratios compared with cetuximab. Subsequently, the three OI-3 variants were conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-DOTA and labeled with a more therapeutically relevant radionuclide, 177Lu, and their biodistributions were studied in the nude mouse model. The 177Lu-labeled OI-3 variants were stable and had therapeutically relevant biodistribution profiles. Dosimetry estimates showed higher absorbed radiation dose to tumor than all other tissues after administration of the chimeric IgG1 OI-3 variant. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CD146 can be targeted in vivo by the radiolabeled OI-3 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Westrøm
- Oncoinvent AS, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Øyvind S. Bruland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Gunhild M. Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Duan Z, Gao Y, Shen J, Choy E, Cote G, Harmon D, Bernstein K, Lozano-Calderon S, Mankin H, Hornicek FJ. miR-15b modulates multidrug resistance in human osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Mol Oncol 2016; 11:151-166. [PMID: 28145098 PMCID: PMC5300234 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs continues to be a major clinical problem. MicroRNAs (miRNA, miR) play an important role in regulating tumour cell growth and survival; however, the role of miRs in the development of drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells is largely uncharacterized. We sought to identify and characterize human miRs that act as key regulators of MDR in osteosarcoma. We utilized a miR microarray to screen for differentially expressed miRs in osteosarcoma MDR cell lines. We determined the mechanisms of the deregulation of expression of miR-15b in osteosarcoma MDR cell lines, and its association with clinically obtained tumour samples was examined in tissue microarray (TMA). The significance of miR-15b in reversing drug resistance was evaluated in a mouse xenograft model of MDR osteosarcoma. We identified miR-15b as being significantly (P < 0.01) downregulated in KHOSMR and U-2OSMR cell lines as compared with their parental cell lines. We found that Wee1 is a target gene of miR-15b and observed that transfection with miR-15b inhibits Wee1 expression and partially reverses MDR in osteosarcoma cell lines. Systemic in vivo administration of miR-15b mimics sensitizes resistant cells to doxorubicin and induces cell death in MDR models of osteosarcoma. Clinically, reduced miR-15b expression was associated with poor patient survival. Osteosarcoma patients with low miR-15b expression levels had significantly shorter survival times than patients with high expression levels of miR-15b. These results collectively indicate that MDR in osteosarcoma is associated with downregulation of miR-15b, and miR-15b reconstitution can reverse chemotherapy resistance in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Cote
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Harmon
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen Bernstein
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Santiago Lozano-Calderon
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Mankin
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone in children and young adults. This tumor has a very heterogeneous genetic profile and lacks any consistent unifying event that leads to the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. In this review, some of the important genetic events involved in osteosarcoma will be highlighted. Additionally, the clinical diagnosis of osteosarcoma will be discussed, as well as contemporary chemotherapeutic and surgical management of this tumor. Finally, the review will discuss some of the novel approaches to treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Durfee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maryam Mohammed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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66
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Hattinger CM, Tavanti E, Fanelli M, Vella S, Picci P, Serra M. Pharmacogenomics of genes involved in antifolate drug response and toxicity in osteosarcoma. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 13:245-257. [PMID: 27758143 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1246532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antifolates are structural analogs of folates, which have been used as antitumor drugs for more than 60 years. The antifolate drug most commonly used for treating human tumors is methotrexate (MTX), which is utilized widely in first-line treatment protocols of high-grade osteosarcoma (HGOS). In addition to MTX, two other antifolates, trimetrexate and pemetrexed, have been tested in clinical settings for second-line treatment of recurrent HGOS with patients unfortunately showing modest activity. Areas covered: There is clinical evidence which suggsest that, like other chemotherapeutic agents, not all HGOS patients are equally responsive to antifolates and do not have the same susceptibility to experience adverse drug-related toxicities. Here, we summarize the pharmacogenomic information reported so far for genes involved in antifolate metabolism and transport and in MTX-related toxicity in HGOS patients. Expert opinion: Identification and validation of genetic biomarkers that significantly impact clinical antifolate treatment response and related toxicity may provide the basis for a future treatment modulation based on the pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic features of HGOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Maria Hattinger
- a Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Elisa Tavanti
- a Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Marilù Fanelli
- a Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Vella
- a Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- a Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- a Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute , Bologna , Italy
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67
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Heymann MF, Brown HK, Heymann D. Drugs in early clinical development for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:1265-1280. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1237503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Françoise Heymann
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSERM, UMR 957, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Equipe Ligue 2012, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- European Associated Laboratory, Sarcoma Research Unit, Medical School, INSERM-University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hannah K. Brown
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- European Associated Laboratory, Sarcoma Research Unit, Medical School, INSERM-University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSERM, UMR 957, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Equipe Ligue 2012, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- European Associated Laboratory, Sarcoma Research Unit, Medical School, INSERM-University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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68
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Buondonno I, Gazzano E, Jean SR, Audrito V, Kopecka J, Fanelli M, Salaroglio IC, Costamagna C, Roato I, Mungo E, Hattinger CM, Deaglio S, Kelley SO, Serra M, Riganti C. Mitochondria-Targeted Doxorubicin: A New Therapeutic Strategy against Doxorubicin-Resistant Osteosarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2640-2652. [PMID: 27466354 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is one of the leading drugs for osteosarcoma standard chemotherapy. A total of 40% to 45% of high-grade osteosarcoma patients are unresponsive, or only partially responsive, to doxorubicin (Dox), due to the overexpression of the drug efflux transporter ABCB1/P-glycoprotein (Pgp). The aim of this work is to improve Dox-based regimens in resistant osteosarcomas. We used a chemically modified mitochondria-targeted Dox (mtDox) against Pgp-overexpressing osteosarcomas with increased resistance to Dox. Unlike Dox, mtDox accumulated at significant levels intracellularly, exerted cytotoxic activity, and induced necrotic and immunogenic cell death in Dox-resistant/Pgp-overexpressing cells, fully reproducing the activities exerted by anthracyclines in drug-sensitive tumors. mtDox reduced tumor growth and cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, primed tumor cells for recognition by the host immune system, and was less cardiotoxic than Dox in preclinical models of drug-resistant osteosarcoma. The increase in Dox resistance was paralleled by a progressive upregulation of mitochondrial metabolism. By widely modulating the expression of mitochondria-related genes, mtDox decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, the import of proteins and metabolites within mitochondria, mitochondrial metabolism, and the synthesis of ATP. These events were paralleled by increased reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial depolarization, and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in resistant osteosarcoma cells, where Dox was completely ineffective. We propose mtDox as a new effective agent with a safer toxicity profile compared with Dox that may be effective for the treatment of Dox-resistant/Pgp-positive osteosarcoma patients, who strongly need alternative and innovative treatment strategies. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2640-52. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sae Rin Jean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valentina Audrito
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marilù Fanelli
- Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Roato
- Center for Research and Experimental Medicine (Ce.R.M.S.), San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mungo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia M Hattinger
- Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Massimo Serra
- Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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69
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Vos HI, Coenen MJH, Guchelaar HJ, Te Loo DMWM. The role of pharmacogenetics in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1775-1786. [PMID: 27352631 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In osteosarcoma, large variation is observed in the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs among similarly treated patients. Treatment optimization using predictive factors or algorithms is of importance, because there has been a lack of improvement of treatment outcome and survival for decades. The outcome of cancer treatment is influenced by the genome, thus studying genetic variants involved in the efficacy and toxicity of the chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of osteosarcoma could be an opportunity to optimize current treatments and improve our understanding of the individual's drug response in osteosarcoma patients. This review discusses the current insights in the pharmacogenetics of the treatment response of osteosarcoma patients regarding efficacy and toxicity, and implications for future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke I Vos
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Dept of Pediatrics, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J H Coenen
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Dept of Human Genetics, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Dept of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Dunja Maroeska W M Te Loo
- Dept of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dept of Pediatrics, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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70
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Osteosarcoma: Cells-of-Origin, Cancer Stem Cells, and Targeted Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3631764. [PMID: 27366153 PMCID: PMC4913005 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3631764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of primary solid tumor that develops in bone. Although standard chemotherapy has significantly improved long-term survival over the past few decades, the outcome for those patients with metastatic or recurrent OS remains dismally poor and, therefore, novel agents and treatment regimens are urgently required. A hypothesis to explain the resistance of OS to chemotherapy is the existence of drug resistant CSCs with progenitor properties that are responsible of tumor relapses and metastasis. These subpopulations of CSCs commonly emerge during tumor evolution from the cell-of-origin, which are the normal cells that acquire the first cancer-promoting mutations to initiate tumor formation. In OS, several cell types along the osteogenic lineage have been proposed as cell-of-origin. Both the cell-of-origin and their derived CSC subpopulations are highly influenced by environmental and epigenetic factors and, therefore, targeting the OS-CSC environment and niche is the rationale for many recently postulated therapies. Likewise, some strategies for targeting CSC-associated signaling pathways have already been tested in both preclinical and clinical settings. This review recapitulates current OS cell-of-origin models, the properties of the OS-CSC and its niche, and potential new therapies able to target OS-CSCs.
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71
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Serra M, Hattinger CM. The pharmacogenomics of osteosarcoma. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 17:11-20. [PMID: 27241064 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common malignant tumor of bone, is presently treated with multidrug neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocols, which allow to cure 60-65% of patients but also induce toxicity events that cannot be predicted or efficiently prevented. The identification and validation of pharmacogenomic biomarkers is, therefore, absolutely warranted to provide the bases for planning personalized treatments with the aim to increase the therapeutic benefits and to avoid or limit unnecessary toxicities. As several targeted therapies against molecular and immunological markers in OS are presently under clinical investigation, it may be speculated that some new agents for innovative treatments may emerge in the next years. However, the real improvement of therapeutic perspectives for OS is strictly connected to the identification of pharmacogenomic biomarkers that may stratify patients in responders or non-responders and identify those individuals with higher susceptibility to treatment-associated toxicity. This review provides an overview of the pharmacogenomic biomarkers identified so far in OS, which appear to be promising candidates for a translation to clinical practice, after further investigation and/or prospective validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - C M Hattinger
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
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72
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Chegaev K, Rolando B, Cortese D, Gazzano E, Buondonno I, Lazzarato L, Fanelli M, Hattinger CM, Serra M, Riganti C, Fruttero R, Ghigo D, Gasco A. H2S-Donating Doxorubicins May Overcome Cardiotoxicity and Multidrug Resistance. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4881-9. [PMID: 27120394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOXO) is one of the most effective antineoplastic agents in clinical practice. Its use is limited by acute and chronic side effects, in particular by its cardiotoxicity and by the rapid development of resistance to it. As part of a program aimed at developing new DOXO derivatives endowed with reduced cardiotoxicity, and active against DOXO-resistant tumor cells, a series of H2S-releasing DOXOs (H2S-DOXOs) were obtained by combining DOXO with appropriate H2S donor substructures. The resulting compounds were studied on H9c2 cardiomyocytes and in DOXO-sensitive U-2OS osteosarcoma cells, as well as in related cell variants with increasing degrees of DOXO-resistance. Differently from DOXO, most of the products were not toxic at 5 μM concentration on H9c2 cells. A few of them triggered high activity on the cancer cells. H2S-DOXOs 10 and 11 emerged as the most interesting members of the series. The capacity of 10 to impair Pgp transporter is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Chegaev
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino , via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino , via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Cortese
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino , via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Torino , via Santena, 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Buondonno
- Department of Oncology and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Torino , via Santena, 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Loretta Lazzarato
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino , via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marilù Fanelli
- Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit , via G. C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia M Hattinger
- Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit , via G. C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit , via G. C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Torino , via Santena, 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino , via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Ghigo
- Department of Oncology and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Torino , via Santena, 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Gasco
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino , via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Sramek M, Neradil J, Sterba J, Veselska R. Non-DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate in osteosarcoma cell lines: epigenetic alterations and enhanced cell differentiation. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:14. [PMID: 26929741 PMCID: PMC4770555 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methotrexate is an important chemotherapeutic drug widely known as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) which inhibits the reduction of folic acid. DHFR-mediated effects are apparently responsible for its primary antineoplastic action. However, other non-DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate have been recently discovered, which might be very useful in the development of new strategies for the treatment of pediatric malignancies. The principal goal of this study was to analyze the possible impact of clinically achievable methotrexate levels on cell proliferation, mechanisms of epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation and histone acetylation), induced differentiation and the expression of differentiation-related genes in six osteosarcoma cell lines. Methods The Saos-2 reference cell line and five other patient-derived osteosarcoma cell lines were chosen for this study. The MTT assay was used to assess cell proliferation, DNA methylation and histone acetylation were detected using ELISA, and western blotting was used for a detailed analysis of histone acetylation. The expression of differentiation-related genes was quantified using RT-qPCR and the course of cell differentiation was evaluated using Alizarin Red S staining, which detects the level of extracellular matrix mineralization. Results Methotrexate significantly decreased the proliferation of Saos-2 cells exclusively, suggesting that this reference cell line was sensitive to the DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate. In contrast, other results indicated non-DHFR-mediated effects in patient-derived cell lines. Methotrexate-induced DNA demethylation was detected in almost all of them; methotrexate was able to lower the level of 5-methylcytosine in treated cells, and this effect was similar to the effect of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Furthermore, methotrexate increased the level of acetylated histone H3 in the OSA-06 cell line. Methotrexate also enhanced all-trans retinoic acid-induced cell differentiation in three patient-derived osteosarcoma cell lines, and the modulation of expression of the differentiation-related genes was also shown. Conclusions Overall non-DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate were detected in the patient-derived osteosarcoma cell lines. Methotrexate acts as an epigenetic modifier and has a potential impact on cell differentiation and the expression of related genes. Furthermore, the combination of methotrexate and all-trans retinoic acid can be effective as a differentiation therapy for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sramek
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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74
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Zhang R, Yan S, Wang J, Deng F, Guo Y, Li Y, Fan M, Song Q, Liu H, Weng Y, Shi Q. MiR-30a regulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human osteosarcoma by targeting Runx2. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3479-88. [PMID: 26449831 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in young patients. However, treatment paradigms and survival rates have not improved in decades. MicroRNAs have been shown to be critical regulators of physiological homeostasis and pathological process, including bone disease. Nearly half of the microRNA (miRNA) genes are located at genomic regions and fragile sites known to be frequently deleted or amplified in various kinds of cancers. In this study, we investigated the role miR-30a in OS. A negative correlation between miR-30a expression and malignant grade was observed in OS cell lines. The overexpression of miR-30a reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion in 143B cells and the inhibitor of miR-30a increased proliferation, migration, and invasion in Saos2 cells. Further studies revealed that runt-related transcription factors 2 (Runx2) was a regulative target gene of miR-30a. Rescue assay significantly reversed the effects of overexpressing or inhibiting miR-30a. miR-30a also suppressed tumor formation and pulmonary metastasis in vivo. All the results suggest a critical role of miR-30a in suppressing proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS by targeting Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yangliu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengtian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qilin Song
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yaguang Weng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in osteosarcoma (OS) and the correlation with clinicopathologic factors, prognosis, and tumor progression. METHOD HDGF expression in OS tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between HDGF and clinicopathologic factors was analyzed by chi-square test, and the association between HDGF expression and the overall survival rates was evaluated by univariate analysis using Kaplan-Meier method. HDGF concentration in cell medium or cell lysates was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The effect of extrinsic and intrinsic HDGF on OS cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay after recombinant HDGF stimulation or HDGF knockdown, respectively. RESULTS Proportion of HDGF high expression was 18.69% (20/107) in OS. HDGF high expression was significantly associated with larger tumor size (P=0.004). With experiments in vitro, we demonstrated that human recombinant HDGF could activate AKT and MAPK signaling pathway, resulting in OS cell proliferation. By knocking down HDGF expression, we proved that intrinsic HDGF was required in OS proliferation. CONCLUSION High HDGF expression was significantly associated with larger OS tumor size and could promote OS cell proliferation, indicating that HDGF could be an effective biomarker and a potential drug target in OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghai Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Taiyuan, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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