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Messana VG, Fascì A, Vitale N, Micillo M, Rovere M, Pesce NA, Martines C, Efremov DG, Vaisitti T, Deaglio S. A molecular circuit linking the BCR to the NAD biosynthetic enzyme NAMPT is an actionable target in Richter syndrome. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1920-1933. [PMID: 38359376 PMCID: PMC11021907 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This works defines, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time a molecular circuit connecting nicotinamide mononucleoside phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) activity to the B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway. Using 4 distinct xenograft models derived from patients with Richter syndrome (RS-PDX), we show that BCR cross-linking results in transcriptional activation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthetic enzyme NAMPT, with increased protein expression, in turn, positively affecting global cellular NAD levels and sirtuins activity. NAMPT blockade, by using the novel OT-82 inhibitor in combination with either BTK or PI3K inhibitors (BTKi or PI3Ki), induces rapid and potent apoptotic responses in all 4 models, independently of their mutational profile and the expression of the other NAD biosynthetic enzymes, including nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase. The connecting link in the circuit is represented by AKT that is both tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylated by PI3K and deacetylated by sirtuin 1 and 2 to obtain full kinase activation. Acetylation (ie, inhibition) of AKT after OT-82 administration was shown by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition or silencing of sirtuin 1 and 2 impairs AKT activation and induces apoptosis of RS cells in combination with PI3Ki or BTKi. Lastly, treatment of RS-PDX mice with the combination of PI3Ki and OT-82 results in significant inhibition of tumor growth, with evidence of in vivo activation of apoptosis. Collectively, these data highlight a novel application for NAMPT inhibitors in combination with BTKi or PI3Ki in aggressive lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo G. Messana
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Amelia Fascì
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matilde Micillo
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Rovere
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Noemi A. Pesce
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Martines
- Molecular Hematology Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dimitar G. Efremov
- Molecular Hematology Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Sorbini M, Carradori T, Togliatto GM, Vaisitti T, Deaglio S. Technical Advances in Circulating Cell-Free DNA Detection and Analysis for Personalized Medicine in Patients' Care. Biomolecules 2024; 14:498. [PMID: 38672514 PMCID: PMC11048502 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) refers to small fragments of DNA molecules released after programmed cell death and necrosis in several body fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. The discovery of cfDNA has revolutionized the field of non-invasive diagnostics in the oncologic field, in prenatal testing, and in organ transplantation. Despite the potential of cfDNA and the solid results published in the recent literature, several challenges remain, represented by a low abundance, a need for highly sensitive assays, and analytical issues. In this review, the main technical advances in cfDNA analysis are presented and discussed, with a comprehensive examination of the current available methodologies applied in each field. Considering the potential advantages of cfDNA, this biomarker is increasing its consensus among clinicians, as it allows us to monitor patients' conditions in an easy and non-invasive way, offering a more personalized care. Nevertheless, cfDNA analysis is still considered a diagnostic marker to be further validated, and very few centers are implementing its analysis in routine diagnostics. As technical improvements are enhancing the performances of cfDNA analysis, its application will transversally improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sorbini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (T.C.); (T.V.); (S.D.)
| | - Tullia Carradori
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (T.C.); (T.V.); (S.D.)
| | - Gabriele Maria Togliatto
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (T.C.); (T.V.); (S.D.)
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (T.C.); (T.V.); (S.D.)
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy;
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Saglia C, Arruga F, Scolari C, Kalantari S, Albanese S, Bracciamà V, Corso Faini A, Brach Del Prever G, Luca M, Romeo C, Mioli F, Migliorero M, Tessaris D, Carli D, Amoroso A, Vaisitti T, De Sanctis L, Deaglio S. Functional evaluation of a novel nonsense variant of the calcium-sensing receptor gene leading to hypocalcemia. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:296-306. [PMID: 38561929 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor crucial for calcium homeostasis. Gain-of-function CASR variants result in hypocalcemia, while loss-of-function variants lead to hypercalcemia. This study aims to assess the functional consequences of the novel nonsense CASR variant [c.2897_2898insCTGA, p.(Gln967*) (Q967*)] identified in adolescent patient with chronic hypocalcemia, a phenotype expected for a gain-of-function variants. DESIGN AND METHODS To functionally characterize the Q967* mutant receptor, both wild-type (WT) and mutant CASR were transiently transfected into HEK293T cells and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) protein expression and functions were comparatively evaluated using multiple read-outs. RESULTS Western blot analysis revealed that the CaSR mutant protein displayed a lower molecular weight compared with the WT, consistent with the loss of the last 122 amino acids in the intracellular domain. Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and serum responsive element luciferase assays demonstrated that the mutant receptor had higher baseline activity than the WT. Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, however, remained consistently high in the mutant, without significant modulations following exposure to increasing extracellular calcium (Ca2+o) levels, suggesting that the mutant receptor is more sensitive to Ca2+o compared with the WT. CONCLUSIONS This study provides functional validation of the pathogenicity of a novel nonsense CASR variant, resulting in an abnormally hyperfunctioning protein consistent with the patient's phenotype. Functional analyses indicate that mutant receptor is constitutively active and poorly sensitive to increasing concentrations of extracellular calcium, suggesting that the cytoplasmic tail may contain elements regulating signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Saglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Caterina Scolari
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Silvia Kalantari
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Serena Albanese
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Regina Margherita Childrens' Hospital, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Valeria Bracciamà
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Angelo Corso Faini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Giulia Brach Del Prever
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Maria Luca
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Carmelo Romeo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Mioli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Tessaris
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Regina Margherita Childrens' Hospital, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Diana Carli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Luisa De Sanctis
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Regina Margherita Childrens' Hospital, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
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Tanzi A, Buono L, Grange C, Iampietro C, Brossa A, Arcolino FO, Arigoni M, Calogero R, Perin L, Deaglio S, Levtchenko E, Peruzzi L, Bussolati B. Urine-derived podocytes from steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome patients as a model for renal-progenitor derived extracellular vesicles effect and drug screening. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3959549. [PMID: 38464119 PMCID: PMC10925474 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3959549/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Personalized disease models are crucial for assessing the specific response of diseased cells to drugs, particularly novel biological therapeutics. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized vesicles released by cells for intercellular communication, have gained therapeutic interest due to their ability to reprogram target cells. We here utilized urinary podocytes obtained from children affected by steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with characterized genetic mutations as a model to test the therapeutic potential of EVs derived from kidney progenitor cells. Methods EVs were isolated from kidney progenitor cells (nKPCs) derived from the urine of a preterm neonate. Three lines of urinary podocytes obtained from nephrotic patients' urine and a line of Alport patient podocytes were characterized and used to assess albumin permeability in response to various drugs or to nKPC-EVs. RNA sequencing was conducted to identify commonly modulated pathways. Results Podocytes appeared unresponsive to pharmacological treatments, except for a podocyte line demonstrating responsiveness, in alignment with the patient's clinical response at 48 months. At variance, treatment with the nKPC-EVs was able to significantly reduce permeability in all the steroid-resistant patients-derived podocytes as well as in the line of Alport-derived podocytes. RNA sequencing of nKPC-EV-treated podocytes revealed the common upregulation of two genes (small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO1) and Sentrin-specific protease 2 (SENP2)) involved in the SUMOylation pathway, a process recently demonstrated to play a role in slit diaphragm stabilization. Gene ontology analysis on podocyte expression profile highlighted cell-to-cell adhesion as the primary upregulated biological activity in treated podocytes. Conclusions nKPCs emerge as a promising non-invasive source of EVs with potential therapeutic effects on podocyte dysfunction. Furthermore, our findings suggest the possibility of establishing a non-invasive in vitro model for screening regenerative compounds on patient-derived podocytes.
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Caldo D, Massarini E, Rucci M, Deaglio S, Ferracini R. Epigenetics in Knee Osteoarthritis: A 2020-2023 Update Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:269. [PMID: 38398778 PMCID: PMC10890710 DOI: 10.3390/life14020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of disability in the world. The scientific literature highlights the critical importance of epigenetic regulatory effects, intertwined with biomechanical and biochemical peculiar conditions within each musculoskeletal district. While the contribution of genetic and epigenetic factors to knee OA is well-recognized, their precise role in disease management remains an area of active research. Such a field is particularly heterogeneous, calling for regular analysis and summarizing of the data that constantly emerge in the scientific literature, often sparse and scant of integration. The aim of this study was to systematically identify and synthesize all new evidence that emerged in human and animal model studies published between 2020 and 2023. This was necessary because, to the best of our knowledge, articles published before 2019 (and partly 2020) had already been included in systematic reviews that allowed to identify the ones concerning the knee joint. The review was carried out in accordance with Preferential Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Only peer-reviewed articles were considered for inclusion. A total of 40 studies were identified, showing promising results in terms either of biomarker identification, new insight in mechanism of action or potential therapeutic targets for knee OA. DNA methylation, histone modification and ncRNA were all mechanisms involved in epigenetic regulation of the knee. Most recent evidence suggests that epigenetics is a most promising field with the long-term goal of improving understanding and management of knee OA, but a variety of research approaches need greater consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Caldo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Eugenia Massarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, Università di Genova, 16126 Genua, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Rucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, Università di Genova, 16126 Genua, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferracini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, Università di Genova, 16126 Genua, Italy
- Ospedale Koelliker, Corso Galileo Ferraris 247/255, 10134 Turin, Italy
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Gyau BB, Deaglio S. A 2A receptor signaling drives cisplatin-mediated hippocampal neurotoxicity and cognitive defects in mice. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:591-593. [PMID: 36639514 PMCID: PMC10754773 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Gyau
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Saglia C, Bracciamà V, Trotta L, Mioli F, Faini AC, Brach Del Prever GM, Kalantari S, Luca M, Romeo CM, Scolari C, Peruzzi L, Calvo PL, Mussa A, Fenoglio R, Roccatello D, Alberti C, Carli D, Amoroso A, Deaglio S, Vaisitti T. Relevance of next generation sequencing (NGS) data re-analysis in the diagnosis of monogenic diseases leading to organ failure. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:303. [PMID: 38012624 PMCID: PMC10680258 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2018, our center started a program to offer genetic diagnosis to patients with kidney and liver monogenic rare conditions, potentially eligible for organ transplantation. We exploited a clinical exome sequencing approach, followed by analyses of in silico gene panels tailored to clinical suspicions, obtaining detection rates in line with what reported in literature. However, a percentage of patients remains without a definitive genetic diagnosis. This work aims to evaluate the utility of NGS data re-analysis for those patients with an inconclusive or negative genetic test at the time of first analysis considering that (i) the advance of alignment and variant calling processes progressively improve the detection rate, limiting false positives and false negatives; (ii) gene panels are periodically updated and (iii) variant annotation may change over time. METHODS 114 patients, recruited between 2018 and 2020, with an inconclusive or negative NGS report at the time of first analysis, were included in the study. Re-alignment and variant calling of previously generated sequencing raw data were performed using the GenomSys Variant Analyzer software. RESULTS 21 previously not reported potentially causative variants were identified in 20 patients. In most cases (n = 19), causal variants were retrieved out of the re-classification from likely benign to variants of unknown significance (VUS). In one case, the variant was included because of inclusion in the analysis of a newly disease-associated gene, not present in the original gene panel, and in another one due to the improved data alignment process. Whenever possible, variants were validated with Sanger sequencing and family segregation studies. As of now, 16 out of 20 patients have been analyzed and variants confirmed in 8 patients. Specifically, in two pediatric patients, causative variants were de novo mutations while in the others, the variant was present also in other affected relatives. In the remaining patients, variants were present also in non-affected parents, raising questions on their re-classification. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data indicate that periodic and systematic re-analysis of negative or inconclusive NGS data reports can lead to new variant identification or reclassification in a small but significant proportion of cases, with benefits for patients' management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Saglia
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bracciamà
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Fiorenza Mioli
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Corso Faini
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Margherita Brach Del Prever
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Kalantari
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Luca
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carmelo Maria Romeo
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Caterina Scolari
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Calvo
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mussa
- Pediatric Clinical Genetics, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Fenoglio
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Center of Research on Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, CMID, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Center of Research on Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, CMID, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Diana Carli
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy.
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Deaglio S, Ringshausen I. Editorial: Tumour microenvironment heterogeneity in hematological malignancies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1295996. [PMID: 37876975 PMCID: PMC10593456 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1295996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ingo Ringshausen
- Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Vitale C, Griggio V, Todaro M, Riganti C, Jones R, Boccellato E, Perutelli F, Arruga F, Vaisitti T, Efremov DG, Deaglio S, Landesman Y, Bruno B, Coscia M. Anti-tumor activity of selinexor in combination with antineoplastic agents in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16950. [PMID: 37805613 PMCID: PMC10560255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent relevant therapeutic progresses, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease. Selinexor, an oral inhibitor of the nuclear export protein XPO1, is active as single agent in different hematologic malignancies, including CLL. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of selinexor, used in combination with chemotherapy drugs (i.e. fludarabine and bendamustine) or with the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib in CLL. Our results showed a significant decrease in CLL cell viability after treatment with selinexor-containing drug combinations compared to each single compound, with demonstration of synergistic cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, this drug synergism was exerted also in the presence of the protective effect of stromal cells. From the molecular standpoint, the synergistic cytotoxic activity of selinexor plus idelalisib was associated with increased regulatory effects of this drug combination on the tumor suppressors FOXO3A and IkBα compared to each single compound. Finally, selinexor was also effective in potentiating the in vivo anti-tumor effects of the PI3Kδ inhibitor in mice treated with the drug combination compared to single agents. Our data provide preclinical evidence of the synergism and potential efficacy of a combination treatment targeting XPO1 and PI3Kδ in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Vitale
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Griggio
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Todaro
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Jones
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Elia Boccellato
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Perutelli
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Dimitar G Efremov
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Benedetto Bruno
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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10
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Deaglio S. Chemoresistance pathways in DLBCL. Blood 2023; 142:943-944. [PMID: 37707876 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
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11
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Grosso A, Yannuzzi LA, Tsang SH, Ceruti P, Sarraf D, Zamir E, Kaminska K, Quinodoz M, Amoroso A, Deaglio S, Francis JH, Fioretto M, Rivolta C, Calzetti G. A Unique Presentation of Bilateral Chorioretinal Atrophy. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2023; 12:500-501. [PMID: 36650090 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grosso
- Santo Spirito Hospital, Casale Monferrato, Italy
- Centre for Macular Research, San Mauro Torinese, Italy
| | | | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Piero Ceruti
- Ophthalmic Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - David Sarraf
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ehud Zamir
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karolina Kaminska
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jasmine H Francis
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Calzetti
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Abstract
Recent insights in allorecognition and graft rejection mechanisms revealed a more complex picture than originally considered, involving multiple pathways of both adaptive and innate immune response, supplied by efficient inflammatory synergies. Current pillars of transplant monitoring are serum creatinine, proteinuria, and drug blood levels, which are considered as traditional markers, due to consolidated experience, low cost, and widespread availability. The most diffuse immunological biomarkers are donor-specific antibodies, which are included in routine post-transplant monitoring in many centers, although with some reproducibility issues and interpretation difficulties. Confirmed abnormalities in these traditional biomarkers raise the suspicion for rejection and guide the indication for graft biopsy, which is still considered the gold standard for rejection monitoring. Rapidly evolving new "omic" technologies have led to the identification of several novel biomarkers, which may change the landscape of transplant monitoring should their potential be confirmed. Among them, urinary chemokines and measurement of cell-free DNA of donor origin are perhaps the most promising. However, at the moment, these approaches remain highly expensive and cost-prohibitive in most settings, with limited clinical applicability; approachable costs upon technology investments would speed their integration. In addition, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and the study of blood and urinary extracellular vesicles have the potential for early identification of subclinical rejection with high sensitivity and specificity, good reproducibility, and for gaining predictive value in an affordable cost setting. In the near future, information derived from these new biomarkers is expected to integrate traditional tools in routine use, allowing identification of rejection prior to clinical manifestations and timely therapeutic intervention. This review will discuss traditional, novel, and invasive and non-invasive biomarkers, underlining their strengths, limitations, and present or future applications in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Regina Margherita Department, City of Health and Science University Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, City of Health and Science University Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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13
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De Stefano N, Calleri A, Faini AC, Navarro-Tableros V, Martini S, Deaglio S, Patrono D, Romagnoli R. Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Transplantation: Current Evidence and Future Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13547. [PMID: 37686354 PMCID: PMC10488298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a promising field of research in liver disease. EVs are small, membrane-bound vesicles that contain various bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and are involved in intercellular communication. They have been implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including immune modulation and tissue repair, which make their use appealing in liver transplantation (LT). This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the role of EVs in LT, including their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic agents and their role in graft rejection. By providing a comprehensive insight into this emerging topic, this research lays the groundwork for the potential application of EVs in LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola De Stefano
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy; (N.D.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Alberto Calleri
- Gastrohepatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Angelo Corso Faini
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Victor Navarro-Tableros
- 2i3T, Società Per La Gestione Dell’incubatore Di Imprese e Per Il Trasferimento Tecnologico, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Silvia Martini
- Gastrohepatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Damiano Patrono
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy; (N.D.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Renato Romagnoli
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy; (N.D.S.); (R.R.)
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14
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Bertinetto FE, Magistroni P, Mazzola GA, Costa C, Elena G, Alizzi S, Scozzari G, Migliore E, Galassi C, Ciccone G, Ricciardelli G, Scarmozzino A, Angelone L, Cassoni P, Cavallo R, Vaisitti T, Deaglio S, Amoroso A. The humoral and cellular response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is influenced by HLA polymorphisms. HLA 2023. [PMID: 37010080 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Host genetic variability contributes to susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 evolution and the role of HLA system has not clearly emerged, suggesting the involvement of other factors. Studying response to vaccination with Spyke protein mRNA represents an ideal model to highlight whether the humoral or cellular responses are influenced by HLA. Four hundred and sixteen workers, vaccinated with Comirnaty beginning 2021, were selected within the Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino." The humoral response was determined with the LIAISON® kit, while the analysis of the cellular response was performed with the Quantiferon SARS-CoV-2 assay, for the S1 (receptor-binding domain; Ag1) and S1 and S2 (Ag2) subunits of the Spyke protein. Six HLA loci were typed by next-generation sequencing. Associations between HLA and vaccine response were performed with univariate and multivariate analyses. An association was found between A*03:01, B*40:02 and DPB1*06:01 and high antibody concentration and between A*24:02, B*08:01 and C*07:01 and low humoral responses. The haplotype HLA-A*01:01 ~ B1*08:01 ~ C*07:01 ~ DRB1*03:01 ~ DQB1*02:01 conferred an increased risk of low humoral response. Considering cellular responses, 50% of the vaccinated subjects responded against Ag1 and 59% against Ag2. Carriers of DRB1*15:01 displayed a higher cellular response both to Ag1 and Ag2 compared to the rest of the cohort. Similarly, DRB1*13:02 predisposed to a robust cellular response to Ag1 and Ag2, while DRB1*11:04 showed an opposite trend. Cellular and humoral responses to Comirnaty are influenced by HLA. Humoral response is mainly associated to class I alleles, with A*03:01, previously associated to protection against severe COVID-19, and response to vaccination, standing out. Cellular response predominantly involves class II alleles, with DRB1*15:01 and DPB1*13:01 prevailing. Affinity analysis for Spyke peptides is generally in line with the association results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Eleonora Bertinetto
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Magistroni
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gina Adriana Mazzola
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Garino Elena
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Alizzi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gitana Scozzari
- Molinette Hospital Medical Direction, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Migliore
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino and CPO Piemonte, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino and CPO Piemonte, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovannino Ciccone
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino and CPO Piemonte, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Ricciardelli
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Scarmozzino
- Molinette Hospital Medical Direction, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Angelone
- Molinette Hospital Medical Direction, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
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15
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ten Hacken E, Sewastianik T, Yin S, Hoffmann GB, Gruber M, Clement K, Penter L, Redd RA, Ruthen N, Hergalant S, Sholokhova A, Fell G, Parry EM, Broséus J, Guieze R, Lucas F, Hernández-Sánchez M, Baranowski K, Southard J, Joyal H, Billington L, Regis FFD, Witten E, Uduman M, Knisbacher BA, Li S, Lyu H, Vaisitti T, Deaglio S, Inghirami G, Feugier P, Stilgenbauer S, Tausch E, Davids MS, Getz G, Livak KJ, Bozic I, Neuberg DS, Carrasco RD, Wu CJ. In Vivo Modeling of CLL Transformation to Richter Syndrome Reveals Convergent Evolutionary Paths and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:150-169. [PMID: 36468984 PMCID: PMC9975769 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation to aggressive disease histologies generates formidable clinical challenges across cancers, but biological insights remain few. We modeled the genetic heterogeneity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) through multiplexed in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 B-cell editing of recurrent CLL loss-of-function drivers in mice and recapitulated the process of transformation from indolent CLL into large cell lymphoma [i.e., Richter syndrome (RS)]. Evolutionary trajectories of 64 mice carrying diverse combinatorial gene assortments revealed coselection of mutations in Trp53, Mga, and Chd2 and the dual impact of clonal Mga/Chd2 mutations on E2F/MYC and interferon signaling dysregulation. Comparative human and murine RS analyses demonstrated tonic PI3K signaling as a key feature of transformed disease, with constitutive activation of the AKT and S6 kinases, downmodulation of the PTEN phosphatase, and convergent activation of MYC/PI3K transcriptional programs underlying enhanced sensitivity to MYC/mTOR/PI3K inhibition. This robust experimental system presents a unique framework to study lymphoid biology and therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Mouse models reflective of the genetic complexity and heterogeneity of human tumors remain few, including those able to recapitulate transformation to aggressive disease histologies. Herein, we model CLL transformation into RS through multiplexed in vivo gene editing, providing key insight into the pathophysiology and therapeutic vulnerabilities of transformed disease. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa ten Hacken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tomasz Sewastianik
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shanye Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michaela Gruber
- CEMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kendell Clement
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Livius Penter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumorimmunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert A. Redd
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neil Ruthen
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sébastien Hergalant
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Alanna Sholokhova
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Geoffrey Fell
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin M. Parry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julien Broséus
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Pôle Laboratoires, Nancy, France
| | | | - Fabienne Lucas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - María Hernández-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kaitlyn Baranowski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jackson Southard
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Joyal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leah Billington
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fara Faye D. Regis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Witten
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohamed Uduman
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Binyamin A. Knisbacher
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haoxiang Lyu
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Pierre Feugier
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Pôle Laboratoires, Nancy, France
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department III of Internal Medicine III, Division of CLL, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eugen Tausch
- Department III of Internal Medicine III, Division of CLL, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthew S. Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth J. Livak
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ivana Bozic
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Donna S. Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruben D. Carrasco
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Vaisitti T, Bracciamà V, Faini AC, Brach Del Prever GM, Callegari M, Kalantari S, Mioli F, Romeo CM, Luca M, Camilla R, Mattozzi F, Gianoglio B, Peruzzi L, Amoroso A, Deaglio S. The role of genetic testing in the diagnostic workflow of pediatric patients with kidney diseases: the experience of a single institution. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:10. [PMID: 36782285 PMCID: PMC9926680 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Inherited kidney diseases are among the leading causes of kidney failure in children, resulting in increased mortality, high healthcare costs and need for organ transplantation. Next-generation sequencing technologies can help in the diagnosis of rare monogenic conditions, allowing for optimized medical management and therapeutic choices. METHODS Clinical exome sequencing (CES) was performed on a cohort of 191 pediatric patients from a single institution, followed by Sanger sequencing to confirm identified variants and for family segregation studies. RESULTS All patients had a clinical diagnosis of kidney disease: the main disease categories were glomerular diseases (32.5%), ciliopathies (20.4%), CAKUT (17.8%), nephrolithiasis (11.5%) and tubular disease (10.5%). 7.3% of patients presented with other conditions. A conclusive genetic test, based on CES and Sanger validation, was obtained in 37.1% of patients. The highest detection rate was obtained for ciliopathies (74.4%), followed by nephrolithiasis (45.5%), tubular diseases (45%), while most glomerular diseases and CAKUT remained undiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that genetic testing consistently used in the diagnostic workflow of children with chronic kidney disease can (i) confirm clinical diagnosis, (ii) provide early diagnosis in the case of inherited conditions, (iii) find the genetic cause of previously unrecognized diseases and (iv) tailor transplantation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vaisitti
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy. .,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Valeria Bracciamà
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Via Santena 19, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Corso Faini
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giulia Margherita Brach Del Prever
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Via Santena 19, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Callegari
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Via Santena 19, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Kalantari
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Via Santena 19, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Mioli
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Via Santena 19, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Carmelo Maria Romeo
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Via Santena 19, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Luca
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Via Santena 19, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Camilla
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Mattozzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Turin, Italy
| | - Bruno Gianoglio
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Turin, Italy
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Via Santena 19, 10126 Turin, Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Via Santena 19, 10126 Turin, Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
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17
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Arruga F, Rubin M, Papazoglou D, Iannello A, Ioannou N, Moia R, Rossi D, Gaidano G, Coscia M, Laurenti L, D'Arena G, Allan JN, Furman RR, Vaisitti T, Ramsay AG, Deaglio S. The immunomodulatory molecule TIGIT is expressed by chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and contributes to anergy. Haematologica 2023. [PMID: 36655432 PMCID: PMC10388274 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.282177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) is an inhibitory checkpoint receptor that negatively regulates T cell responses. CD226 competes with TIGIT for binding to the CD155 ligand, delivering a positive signal to the T cell. Here we studied expression of TIGIT and CD226 in a cohort of 115 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients and report expression of TIGIT and CD226 by leukemic cells. By devising a TIGIT/CD226 ratio, we showed that CLL cells favoring TIGIT over CD226 are typical of a more indolent disease, while those favoring CD226 are characterized by a shorter time-to-first-treatment and shorter progression-fee survival after first treatment. TIGIT expression was inversely correlated to the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling capacity, as determined by studying BTK phosphorylation, cell proliferation and IL-10 production. In CLL cells treated with ibrutinib, where surface IgM and BCR signaling capacity are temporarily increased, TIGIT expression was downmodulated, in line with data indicating transient recovery from anergy. Lastly, cells from Richter syndrome patients were characterized by high levels of CD226, with low to undetectable TIGIT, in keeping with their high proliferative drive. Together, these data suggest that TIGIT contributes to CLL anergy by downregulating BCR signaling, identifying novel and actionable molecular circuits regulating anergy and modulating CLL cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arruga
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin
| | - Marta Rubin
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin
| | | | - Andrea Iannello
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin
| | - Nikolaos Ioannou
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London
| | - Riccardo Moia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara
| | - Davide Rossi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universita della Svizzera Italiana
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara
| | - Marta Coscia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin and Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University of "Sacred Heart", Rome
| | | | - John N Allan
- Department of Hematology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin
| | - Alan G Ramsay
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin.
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18
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Pinon M, Gambella A, Giugliano L, Chiadò C, Kalantari S, Bracciamà V, Deaglio S, Tinti D, Peruzzi L, Cotti R, Catalano S, Cadamuro M, Fabris L, Calvo PL, Romagnoli R. New case of syncytial giant-cell variant of hepatocellular carcinoma in a pediatric patient with HNF1B deficiency: does it fit with the syndrome? BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2022; 9:bmjgast-2022-001013. [PMID: 36572455 PMCID: PMC9806080 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2022-001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1B (HNF1B) is a member of the homeodomain-containing family of transcription factors located on 17q12. HNF1B deficiency is associated with a clinical syndrome (kidney and urogenital malformations, maturity-onset diabetes of the young, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) and to an underdiagnosed liver involvement. Differently from HNF1A, the correlation between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and germline HNF1B deficiency has been poorly evaluated. CASE REPORT Here, we report a novel case of a syndromic HNF1B-deficient paediatric patient that developed HCC with unique histopathological features characterised by neoplastic syncytial giant cells, which was observed only in one additional case of paediatric cholestatic liver disease of unknown origin. CONCLUSIONS Our case highlights the influence of HNF1B deficiency in liver disease progression and its putative association with a rare yet specific HCC histotype. We hypothesised that HCC could be secondary to the repressive effect of HNF1B variant on the HNF1A transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pinon
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gambella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Giugliano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Chiadò
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Kalantari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bracciamà
- Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Tinti
- Pediatric Diabetology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cotti
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Catalano
- General Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Liver Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pier Luigi Calvo
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Renato Romagnoli
- General Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
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19
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Marchionni L, Lobo FP, Kostadinov R, Serra A, Besso FG, Deaglio S, Stratta P, Berrino M, Zanettini C, Imada EL, Omar MN, Gaidano G, Bruno B, Saglio G, Amoroso A. Donor-derived acute myeloid leukemia in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:3111-3119. [PMID: 35979657 PMCID: PMC9897593 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the transmission of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undetected at donation from a deceased organ donor to two kidneys and one liver recipients. We reviewed the medical records, and performed molecular analyses and whole exome sequencing (WES) to ascertain AML donor origin and its molecular evolution. The liver recipient was diagnosed 11 months after transplantation and died from complications 2 months later. The two kidney recipients (R1 and R2) were diagnosed 19 and 20 months after transplantation and both received treatment for leukemia. R1 died of complications 11 months after diagnosis, while R2 went into complete remission for 44 months, before relapsing. R2 died 10 months later of complications from allogenic bone marrow transplantation. Microsatellite analysis demonstrated donor chimerism in circulating cells from both kidney recipients. Targeted molecular analyses and medical records revealed NPM1 mutation present in the donor and recipients, while FLT3 was mutated only in R1. These findings were confirmed by WES, which revealed additional founder and clonal mutations, and HLA genomic loss in R2. In conclusion, we report the first in-depth genomic analysis of AML transmission following solid organ transplantation, revealing distinct clonal evolution, and providing a potential molecular explanation for tumor escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francisco Pereira Lobo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rumen Kostadinov
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Serra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Genzano Besso
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Piero Stratta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Monica Berrino
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Zanettini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eddie Luidy Imada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed N. Omar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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20
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D'Arena G, Sgambato A, Volpe S, Coppola G, Amodeo R, Tirino V, D'Auria F, Statuto T, Valvano L, Pietrantuono G, Deaglio S, Efremov D, Laurenti L, Aiello A. Flow cytometric evaluation of measurable residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Where do we stand? Hematol Oncol 2022; 40:835-842. [PMID: 35667043 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Measurable residual disease (MRD) has emerged as a relevant parameter of response to therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although several methods have been developed, flow cytometry has emerged as the most useful and standardized approach to measure and quantify MRD. The improved sensitivity of MRD measurements has been paralleled by the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for CLL, increasing the applicability of MRD detection in this setting. Chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy have firstly demonstrated their ability to obtain a deep MRD. Combined targeted therapies are also demonstrating a high molecular response rate and prospective trials are exploring the role of MRD to guide the duration of treatment in this setting. In this review we briefly summarize what we have learned about MRD with emphasis on its flow cytometric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Arena
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Silvestro Volpe
- Immunohematology Unit, AORN Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coppola
- Immunohematology Unit, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Rachele Amodeo
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical Laboratory, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Auria
- Laboratory of Clinical and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Teodora Statuto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luciana Valvano
- Laboratory of Clinical and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pietrantuono
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dimitar Efremov
- Molecular Hematology, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University of "Sacred Heart", Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Aiello
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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21
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Mangolini M, Maiques-Diaz A, Charalampopoulou S, Gerhard-Hartmann E, Bloehdorn J, Moore A, Giachetti G, Lu J, Roamio Franklin VN, Chilamakuri CSR, Moutsopoulos I, Rosenwald A, Stilgenbauer S, Zenz T, Mohorianu I, D'Santos C, Deaglio S, Hodson DJ, Martin-Subero JI, Ringshausen I. Viral transduction of primary human lymphoma B cells reveals mechanisms of NOTCH-mediated immune escape. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6220. [PMID: 36266281 PMCID: PMC9585083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hotspot mutations in the PEST-domain of NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 are recurrently identified in B cell malignancies. To address how NOTCH-mutations contribute to a dismal prognosis, we have generated isogenic primary human tumor cells from patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL), differing only in their expression of the intracellular domain (ICD) of NOTCH1 or NOTCH2. Our data demonstrate that both NOTCH-paralogs facilitate immune-escape of malignant B cells by up-regulating PD-L1, partly dependent on autocrine interferon-γ signaling. In addition, NOTCH-activation causes silencing of the entire HLA-class II locus via epigenetic regulation of the transcriptional co-activator CIITA. Notably, while NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 govern similar transcriptional programs, disease-specific differences in their expression levels can favor paralog-specific selection. Importantly, NOTCH-ICD also strongly down-regulates the expression of CD19, possibly limiting the effectiveness of immune-therapies. These NOTCH-mediated immune escape mechanisms are associated with the expansion of exhausted CD8+ T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Mangolini
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Alba Maiques-Diaz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Johannes Bloehdorn
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of CLL, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrew Moore
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Giorgia Giachetti
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Junyan Lu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Ilias Moutsopoulos
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Pathologisches Institut Universität Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of CLL, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Molecular Therapy in Hematology and Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer, Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irina Mohorianu
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Clive D'Santos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniel J Hodson
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Jose I Martin-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ingo Ringshausen
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.
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22
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Sorbini M, Togliatto G, Mioli F, Simonato E, Marro M, Cappuccio M, Arruga F, Caorsi C, Mansouri M, Magistroni P, Gambella A, Delsedime L, Papotti MG, Solidoro P, Albera C, Boffini M, Rinaldi M, Amoroso A, Vaisitti T, Deaglio S. Validation of a Simple, Rapid, and Cost-Effective Method for Acute Rejection Monitoring in Lung Transplant Recipients. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10546. [PMID: 35755857 PMCID: PMC9221674 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in immunosuppression therapy, acute rejection remains the leading cause of graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients. Donor-derived cell-free DNA is increasingly being considered as a valuable biomarker of acute rejection in several solid organ transplants. We present a technically improved molecular method based on digital PCR that targets the mismatch between the recipient and donor at the HLA-DRB1 locus. Blood samples collected sequentially post-transplantation from a cohort of lung recipients were used to obtain proof-of-principle for the validity of the assay, correlating results with transbronchial biopsies and lung capacity tests. The results revealed an increase in dd-cfDNA during the first 2 weeks after transplantation related to ischemia-reperfusion injury (6.36 ± 5.36%, p < 0.0001). In the absence of complications, donor DNA levels stabilized, while increasing again during acute rejection episodes (7.81 ± 12.7%, p < 0.0001). Respiratory tract infections were also involved in the release of dd-cfDNA (9.14 ± 15.59%, p = 0.0004), with a positive correlation with C-reactive protein levels. Overall, the dd-cfDNA percentages were inversely correlated with the lung function values measured by spirometry. These results confirm the value of dd-cfDNA determination during post-transplant follow-up to monitor acute rejection in lung recipients, achieved using a rapid and inexpensive approach based on the HLA mismatch between donor and recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sorbini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Fiorenza Mioli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Erika Simonato
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Surgical Sciences Department, Heart and Lung Transplant Center, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Marro
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Surgical Sciences Department, Heart and Lung Transplant Center, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiana Caorsi
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Morteza Mansouri
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Magistroni
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Delsedime
- Pathology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Giulio Papotti
- Pathology Unit, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Solidoro
- Lung Transplantation and Advanced Airways Management, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Albera
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Boffini
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Surgical Sciences Department, Heart and Lung Transplant Center, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Rinaldi
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Surgical Sciences Department, Heart and Lung Transplant Center, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
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23
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Abstract
In the last 10–15 years, the way to treat cancers has dramatically changed towards precision medicine approaches. These treatment options are mainly based on selective targeting against signaling pathways critical for or detrimentally activated in cancer cells in cancer cells, as well as exploiting molecules that are specifically expressed on neoplastic cells, also known as tumor-associated antigens. These considerations hold true also in the hematological field where a plethora of novel targeted agents have reached patients’ bedside, significantly improving clinical responses. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an example of how targeted therapies, such as BTK, PI3K, or Bcl-2 inhibitors as well as anti-CD20 antibodies, have improved patients’ management, even when adopted as frontline treatment. However, these advancements do not apply to Richter’s syndrome (RS), the transformation of CLL into a very aggressive and fatal lymphoma, occurring in 2–10% of patients. RS is usually a fast-growing lymphoma of the diffuse large B cell or the Hodgkin’s variant, with a dismal prognosis. Despite advancements in depicting and understanding the genetic background of RS and its pathogenesis, no significant clinical results have been registered. In the last couple of years, several studies have started to investigate the impact of novel drugs or drug combinations and some of them have opened for clinical trials, currently in phase I or II, whose results will be soon available. This review will present an overview of current and most recent therapeutic options in RS, discussing also how results coming from xenograft models may help in designing and identifying novel treatment opportunities to overcome the lack of effective therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/etiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Iannello
- Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
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24
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Audrito V, Moiso E, Ugolini F, Messana VG, Brandimarte L, Manfredonia I, Bianchi S, De Logu F, Nassini R, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Taverna D, Massi D, Deaglio S. Tumors carrying BRAF-mutations over-express NAMPT that is genetically amplified and possesses oncogenic properties. J Transl Med 2022; 20:118. [PMID: 35272691 PMCID: PMC8908704 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis, is up-regulated in several cancers, including metastatic melanoma (MM). The BRAF oncogene is mutated in different cancer types, among which MM and thyroid carcinoma (THCA) are prominent. Drugs targeting mutant BRAF are effective, especially in MM patients, even though resistance rapidly develops. Previous data have linked NAMPT over-expression to the acquisition of BRAF resistance, paving the way for therapeutic strategies targeting the two pathways. Methods Exploiting the TCGA database and a collection of MM and THCA tissue microarrays we studied the association between BRAF mutations and NAMPT expression. BRAF wild-type (wt) cell lines were genetically engineered to over-express the BRAF V600E construct to demonstrate a direct relationship between over-activation of the BRAF pathway and NAMPT expression. Responses of different cell line models to NAMPT (i)nhibitors were studied using dose–response proliferation assays. Analysis of NAMPT copy number variation was performed in the TCGA dataset. Lastly, growth and colony forming assays were used to study the tumorigenic functions of NAMPT itself. Results The first finding of this work is that tumor samples carrying BRAF-mutations over-express NAMPT, as demonstrated by analyzing the TCGA dataset, and MM and THC tissue microarrays. Importantly, BRAF wt MM and THCA cell lines modified to over-express the BRAF V600E construct up-regulated NAMPT, confirming a transcriptional regulation of NAMPT following BRAF oncogenic signaling activation. Treatment of BRAF-mutated cell lines with two different NAMPTi was followed by significant reduction of tumor growth, indicating NAMPT addiction in these cells. Lastly, we found that several tumors over-expressing the enzyme, display NAMPT gene amplification. Over-expression of NAMPT in BRAF wt MM cell line and in fibroblasts resulted in increased growth capacity, arguing in favor of oncogenic properties of NAMPT. Conclusions Overall, the association between BRAF mutations and NAMPT expression identifies a subset of tumors more sensitive to NAMPT inhibition opening the way for novel combination therapies including NAMPTi with BRAFi/MEKi, to postpone and/or overcome drug resistance. Lastly, the over-expression of NAMPT in several tumors could be a key and broad event in tumorigenesis, substantiated by the finding of NAMPT gene amplification. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03315-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Audrito
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Moiso
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Filippo Ugolini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gianluca Messana
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brandimarte
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Manfredonia
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bianchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco De Logu
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.,Diagnostic Hematology Department, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Massi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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25
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Kalantari S, Brezzi B, Bracciamà V, Barreca A, Nozza P, Vaisitti T, Amoroso A, Deaglio S, Manganaro M, Porta F, Spada M. Adult-onset CblC deficiency: a challenging diagnosis involving different adult clinical specialists. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:33. [PMID: 35109910 PMCID: PMC8812048 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, CblC type (OMIM #277400) is the most common disorder of cobalamin intracellular metabolism, an autosomal recessive disease, whose biochemical hallmarks are hyperhomocysteinemia, methylmalonic aciduria and low plasma methionine. Despite being a well-recognized disease for pediatricians, there is scarce awareness of its adult presentation. A thorough analysis and discussion of cobalamin C defect presentation in adult patients has never been extensively performed. This article reviews the published data and adds a new case of the latest onset of symptoms ever described for the disease.
Results We present the emblematic case of a 45-year-old male, describing the diagnostic odyssey he ventured through to get to the appropriate treatment and molecular diagnosis. Furthermore, available clinical, biochemical and molecular data from 22 reports on cases and case series were collected, resulting in 45 adult-onset CblC cases, including our own. We describe the onset of the disease in adulthood, encompassing neurological, psychiatric, renal, ophthalmic and thromboembolic symptoms. In all cases treatment with intramuscular hydroxycobalamin was effective in reversing symptoms. From a molecular point of view adult patients are usually compound heterozygous carriers of a truncating and a non-truncating variant in the MMACHC gene. Conclusion Adult onset CblC disease is a rare disorder whose diagnosis can be delayed due to poor awareness regarding its presenting insidious symptoms and biochemical hallmarks. To avoid misdiagnosis, we suggest that adult onset CblC deficiency is acknowledged as a separate entity from pediatric late onset cases, and that the disease is considered in the differential diagnosis in adult patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndromes and/or slow unexplained decline in renal function and/or idiopathic neuropathies, spinal cord degenerations, ataxias and/or recurrent thrombosis and/or visual field defects, maculopathy and optic disc atrophy. Plasma homocysteine measurement should be the first line for differential diagnosis when the disease is suspected. To further aid diagnosis, it is important that genes belonging to the intracellular cobalamin pathway are included within gene panels routinely tested for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and chronic kidney disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02179-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Kalantari
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Brigida Brezzi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo", Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Barreca
- Anatomia e Istologia Patologica, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Nozza
- S.C. Anatomia e Istologia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera "SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Immunogenetics and Biology of Transplantation, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Immunogenetics and Biology of Transplantation, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Manganaro
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesco Porta
- Department of Pediatrics, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Marco Spada
- Department of Pediatrics, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
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26
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Gasparrini M, Mazzola F, Cuccioloni M, Sorci L, Audrito V, Zamporlini F, Fortunato C, Amici A, Cianci M, Deaglio S, Angeletti M, Raffaelli N. Molecular Insights Into The Interaction Between Human Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase and Toll-Like Receptor 4. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101669. [PMID: 35120922 PMCID: PMC8892085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted form of the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), which catalyzes a key reaction in intracellular NAD biosynthesis, acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern triggering Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory responses. However, the precise mechanism of interaction is unclear. Using an integrated approach combining bioinformatics and functional and structural analyses, we investigated the interaction between NAMPT and TLR4 at the molecular level. Starting from previous evidence that the bacterial ortholog of NAMPT cannot elicit the inflammatory response, despite a high degree of structural conservation, two positively charged areas unique to the human enzyme (the α1-α2 and β1-β2 loops) were identified as likely candidates for TLR4 binding. However, alanine substitution of the positively charged residues within these loops did not affect either the oligomeric state or the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. The kinetics of the binding of wildtype and mutated NAMPT to biosensor-tethered TLR4 was analyzed. We found that mutations in the α1-α2 loop strongly decreased the association rate, increasing the KD value from 18 nM, as determined for the wildtype, to 1.3 μM. In addition, mutations in the β1-β2 loop or its deletion increased the dissociation rate, yielding KD values of 0.63 and 0.22 μM, respectively. Mutations also impaired the ability of NAMPT to trigger the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway in human cultured macrophages. Finally, the involvement of the two loops in receptor binding was supported by NAMPT-TLR4 docking simulations. This study paves the way for future development of compounds that selectively target eNAMPT/TLR4 signaling in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Mazzola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Sorci
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Division of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Federica Zamporlini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo Fortunato
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Adolfo Amici
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele Cianci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Angeletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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27
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Migliorero M, Kalantari S, Bracciamà V, Sorbini M, Arruga F, Peruzzi L, Biamino E, Amoroso A, Vaisitti T, Deaglio S. A novel COLEC10 mutation in a child with 3MC syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104374. [PMID: 34740859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
3MC syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder encompassing four rare disorders previously known as the Malpuech, Michels, Mingarelli and Carnevale syndromes. They are characterized by a variable spectrum of abnormalities, including facial dysmorphisms, along with genital, limb and vesico-renal anomalies. The syndrome was originally attributed to mutations in MASP1 and COLEC11, which code for proteins involved in the lectin complement pathway. More recently, mutations in COLEC10, a third gene coding for collectin CL-L1, were identified in a limited number of patients with 3MC syndrome. Here we describe a 4-years-old patient with typical 3MC phenotypic characteristics, including blepharophimosis, telecanthus, high arched eyebrows, fifth finger clinodactyly, sacral dimple and horseshoe kidney. Initial genetic analysis was based on clinical exome sequencing, where only MASP1 and COLEC11 genes are present, without evidence of pathogenic variants. Sanger sequencing of COLEC10 identified the homozygous frameshift variant c.807_810delCTGT; p.Cys270Serfs*33, which results in the loss of the natural stop codon. The resulting protein is 24 amino acids longer and lacks a conserved cysteine residue (Cys270), which could affect protein folding. Segregation studies confirmed that both parents were carriers for the variant: interestingly they originate from the same area of Apulia in southern Italy. Plasma levels of CL-L1 in the patient and her parents were within normal range, suggesting that this variant does not modify transcription or secretion. However, the variant affects the chemo-attractive feature of CL-L1, as HeLa cells migrate significantly less in response to the mutant protein compared to the wild-type one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Kalantari
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bracciamà
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Sorbini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Biamino
- Department of Pediatrics, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy.
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28
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Vaisitti T, Peritore D, Magistroni P, Ricci A, Lombardini L, Gringeri E, Catalano S, Spada M, Sciveres M, Di Giorgio A, Limongelli G, Varrenti M, Gerosa G, Terzi A, Pace Napoleone C, Amodeo A, Ragni L, Strologo LD, Benetti E, Fontana I, Testa S, Peruzzi L, Mitrotti A, Abbate S, Comai G, Gotti E, Schiavon M, Boffini M, De Angelis D, Bertani A, Pinelli D, Torre M, Poggi C, Deaglio S, Cardillo M, Amoroso A. The frequency of rare and monogenic diseases in pediatric organ transplant recipients in Italy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:374. [PMID: 34481500 PMCID: PMC8418291 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rare diseases are chronic and life-threatening disorders affecting < 1 person every 2,000. For most of them, clinical symptoms and signs can be observed at birth or childhood. Approximately 80% of all rare diseases have a genetic background and most of them are monogenic conditions. In addition, while the majority of these diseases is still incurable, early diagnosis and specific treatment can improve patients’ quality of life. Transplantation is among the therapeutic options and represents the definitive treatment for end-stage organ failure, both in children and adults. The aim of this paper was to analyze, in a large cohort of Italian patients, the main rare genetic diseases that led to organ transplantation, specifically pointing the attention on the pediatric cohort. Results To the purpose of our analysis, we considered heart, lung, liver and kidney transplants included in the Transplant Registry (TR) of the Italian National Transplantation Center in the 2002–2019 timeframe. Overall, 49,404 recipients were enrolled in the cohort, 5.1% of whom in the pediatric age. For 40,909 (82.8%) transplant recipients, a disease diagnosis was available, of which 38,615 in the adult cohort, while 8,495 patients (17.2%) were undiagnosed. There were 128 disease categories, and of these, 117 were listed in the main rare disease databases. In the pediatric cohort, 2,294 (5.6%) patients had a disease diagnosis: of the 2,126 (92.7%) patients affected by a rare disease, 1,402 (61.1%) presented with a monogenic condition. As expected, the frequencies of pathologies leading to organ failure were different between the pediatric and the adult cohort. Moreover, the pediatric group was characterized, compared to the adult one, by an overall better survival of the graft at ten years after transplant, with the only exception of lung transplants. When comparing survival considering rare vs non-rare diseases or rare and monogenic vs rare non-monogenic conditions, no differences were highlighted for kidney and lung transplants, while rare diseases had a better survival in liver as opposed to heart transplants. Conclusions This work represents the first national survey analyzing the main genetic causes and frequencies of rare and/or monogenic diseases leading to organ failure and requiring transplantation both in adults and children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-02013-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Peritore
- National Transplant Center, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Magistroni
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Ricci
- National Transplant Center, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Gringeri
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Catalano
- General Surgery 2U - Liver Transplant Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Divison of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Liver and Kidney Transplantation, Research Unit of Clinical Hepatogastroenterology and Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Di Giorgio
- Paediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Center for Coordination on rare diseases - Regione Campania, Cardiovascular Rare and Genetic Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Dei Colli,, Naples, Italy
| | - Marisa Varrenti
- DeGasperis CardioCenter, Niguarda Great Metropolitan Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Heart Transplantation Unit, Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health Department, University Padova Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Amedeo Terzi
- UOS Transplantation Surgery, Asst Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Carlo Pace Napoleone
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Congenital Cardiopathies Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luca Ragni
- Paediatric Cardiology and ACHD Unit, S. Orsola, Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Dello Strologo
- Renal Transplant Unit. Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Iris Fontana
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Testa
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Adele Mitrotti
- Azienda Ospedaliera, Universitaria Policlinico Di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Comai
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eliana Gotti
- Unit of Nephrology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavon
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Boffini
- Heart and Lung Transplant Center, Cardiac Surgery Division, Surgical Sciences Department, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Bertani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Pinelli
- Department of Organ Failure and Transplantation, ASST Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Camilla Poggi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy. .,Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Massimo Cardillo
- National Transplant Center, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Torino, Italy
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29
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Abstract
The term NADome refers to the intricate network of intracellular and extracellular enzymes that regulate the synthesis or degradation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and to the receptors that engage it. Traditionally, NAD was linked to intracellular energy production through shuffling electrons between oxidized and reduced forms. However, recent data indicate that NAD, along with its biosynthetic and degrading enzymes, has a life outside of cells, possibly linked to immuno-modulating non-enzymatic activities. Extracellular NAD can engage puriginergic receptors triggering an inflammatory response, similar - to a certain extent - to what described for adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Likewise, NAD biosynthetic and degrading enzymes have been amply reported in the extracellular space, where they possess both enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions. Modulation of these enzymes has been described in several acute and chronic conditions, including obesity, cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases and sepsis. In this review, the role of the extracellular NADome will be discussed, focusing on its proposed role in immunomodulation, together with the different strategies for its targeting and their potential therapeutic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Audrito
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gianluca Messana
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brandimarte
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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30
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Fiorito V, Allocco AL, Petrillo S, Gazzano E, Torretta S, Marchi S, Destefanis F, Pacelli C, Audrito V, Provero P, Medico E, Chiabrando D, Porporato PE, Cancelliere C, Bardelli A, Trusolino L, Capitanio N, Deaglio S, Altruda F, Pinton P, Cardaci S, Riganti C, Tolosano E. The heme synthesis-export system regulates the tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and oxidative phosphorylation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109252. [PMID: 34133926 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-containing porphyrin of vital importance for cell energetic metabolism. High rates of heme synthesis are commonly observed in proliferating cells. Moreover, the cell-surface heme exporter feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor 1a (FLVCR1a) is overexpressed in several tumor types. However, the reasons why heme synthesis and export are enhanced in highly proliferating cells remain unknown. Here, we illustrate a functional axis between heme synthesis and heme export: heme efflux through the plasma membrane sustains heme synthesis, and implementation of the two processes down-modulates the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux and oxidative phosphorylation. Conversely, inhibition of heme export reduces heme synthesis and promotes the TCA cycle fueling and flux as well as oxidative phosphorylation. These data indicate that the heme synthesis-export system modulates the TCA cycle and oxidative metabolism and provide a mechanistic basis for the observation that both processes are enhanced in cells with high-energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Fiorito
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Allocco
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Torretta
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Destefanis
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Valentina Audrito
- Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Omics Sciences, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - Enzo Medico
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Deborah Chiabrando
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Ettore Porporato
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Cardaci
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Migliorero M, Kalantari S, Bracciamà V, Sorbini M, Arruga F, Peruzzi L, Biamino E, Amoroso A, Vaisitti T, Deaglio S. MO059COLEC10 AND 3MC SYNDROME: EXPANDING THE GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC SPECTRUM OF A VERY RARE DISEASE. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab080.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
3MC syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder encompassing a variable spectrum of abnormalities, among which facial dysmorphisms are characteristic. Mutations in genes which encode proteins involved in the lectin complement pathway MASP1, COLEC11 and recently COLEC10 have been identified in patients with 3MC syndrome, supporting their key role during human development. We present a 5 years old patient with typical 3MC phenotypic characteristics, including blepharophimosis, telecanthus, high arched eyebrows, fifth finger clinodactyly, horseshoe kidneys, diastasis recti, umbilical depression and sacral dimple. The diagnosis was confirmed by sequencing of COLEC10 gene and the putative pathogenic variant was functionally validated through in vitro assays.
Method
COLEC10 gene was analyzed through Sanger sequencing. The secreted protein CL-L1 was investigated in the plasma of the patient and her parents by Western blot. The variant was introduced by a site-specific mutagenesis approach into a plasmid encoding wild-type human CL-L1. HeLa cells were then transfected with the mutated or wild-type plasmid and culture supernatant evaluated in a migration assay.
Results
A homozygous frameshift variant c.807_810delCTGT p.(Cys270Serfs*33) was identified in the patient. Segregation studies confirmed the parents’ carrier status for the variant. Functionally, the variant affects the chemo-attractive feature of CL-L1, as HeLa cells are less sensitive to the mutant protein compared to the WT one, resulting in a reduced migratory response.
Conclusion
We report a patient affected by 3MC syndrome who, besides typical phenotypic signs, presents a patent ductus arteriosus, never described in association to COLEC10 before. The variant causative role was functionally confirmed in an in vitro assay, where the mutated protein failed to act as a chemo-attractant. We thus provide further evidence for CL-L1 role during embryonic development
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Kalantari
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bracciamà
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Sorbini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Italy
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Italy
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Biamino
- Department of Pediatrics, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Sorbini M, Togliatto GM, Simonato E, Boffini M, Cappuccio M, Gambella A, Arruga F, Mora N, Marro M, Caorsi C, Mansouri M, Magistroni P, Delsedime L, Papotti MG, Amoroso A, Rinaldi M, Vaisitti T, Deaglio S. HLA-DRB1 mismatch-based identification of donor-derived cell free DNA (dd-cfDNA) as a marker of rejection in heart transplant recipients: A single-institution pilot study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:794-804. [PMID: 34134912 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) is considered a reliable marker of organ damage with potential applications in the follow-up of transplant recipients. METHODS In this work we present an assay based on the donor-recipient HLA-mismatch (human leukocyte antigen) at the HLA-DRB1 locus to monitor rejection by quantifying the percentage of dd-cfDNA using a droplet digital PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique. A panel of probes targeting the HLA-DRB1 locus and covering >85% genetic variability was validated and used to assess dd-cfDNA levels in a prospective cohort of 19 adult heart transplant recipients (mean age 50.9±14.8 years). The assay was carried out on a total of 232 liquid biopsies collected at the same time as endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) during routine post-transplant follow-up. RESULTS Results show a significant increase of dd-cfDNA related to ischemia-reperfusion injury (2.22±2.09%) and to acute cellular rejection (1.71±3.10%) compared to stable conditions (0.43±1.04%, p < 0.0001). On the contrary, no increase was observed during infections or vascular complications, underlining the potential role of this biomarker for rejection monitoring. With a cut-off of 0.11%, the test showed 70.8% specificity (95% CI, 58.17% - 81.40%) and 64.2% sensitivity (95% CI, 49.80% - 76.86%) in discriminating acute rejection from no rejection. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that this HLA mismatch-based droplet digital PCR method is effective for monitoring rejection in heart transplant recipients. Compared to next generation sequencing approaches, it is far more flexible, less expensive and provides faster results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sorbini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Erika Simonato
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Surgical Sciences Department, Heart and Lung Transplant Center, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Boffini
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Surgical Sciences Department, Heart and Lung Transplant Center, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | | | | | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Mora
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Marro
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Surgical Sciences Department, Heart and Lung Transplant Center, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristiana Caorsi
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Morteza Mansouri
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Magistroni
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Delsedime
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin and Pathology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Giulio Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin and Pathology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Rinaldi
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Surgical Sciences Department, Heart and Lung Transplant Center, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Barutta F, Kimura S, Hase K, Bellini S, Corbetta B, Corbelli A, Fiordaliso F, Barreca A, Papotti MG, Ghiggeri GM, Salvidio G, Roccatello D, Audrito V, Deaglio S, Gambino R, Bruno S, Camussi G, Martini M, Hirsch E, Durazzo M, Ohno H, Gruden G. Protective Role of the M-Sec-Tunneling Nanotube System in Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1114-1130. [PMID: 33722931 PMCID: PMC8259684 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte dysfunction and loss are major determinants in the development of proteinuria. FSGS is one of the most common causes of proteinuria, but the mechanisms leading to podocyte injury or conferring protection against FSGS remain poorly understood. The cytosolic protein M-Sec has been involved in the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), membrane channels that transiently connect cells and allow intercellular organelle transfer. Whether podocytes express M-Sec is unknown and the potential relevance of the M-Sec-TNT system in FSGS has not been explored. METHODS We studied the role of the M-Sec-TNT system in cultured podocytes exposed to Adriamycin and in BALB/c M-Sec knockout mice. We also assessed M-Sec expression in both kidney biopsies from patients with FSGS and in experimental FSGS (Adriamycin-induced nephropathy). RESULTS Podocytes can form TNTs in a M-Sec-dependent manner. Consistent with the notion that the M-Sec-TNT system is cytoprotective, podocytes overexpressed M-Sec in both human and experimental FSGS. Moreover, M-Sec deletion resulted in podocyte injury, with mitochondrial abnormalities and development of progressive FSGS. In vitro, M-Sec deletion abolished TNT-mediated mitochondria transfer between podocytes and altered mitochondrial bioenergetics. Re-expression of M-Sec reestablishes TNT formation and mitochondria exchange, rescued mitochondrial function, and partially reverted podocyte injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the M-Sec-TNT system plays an important protective role in the glomeruli by rescuing podocytes via mitochondrial horizontal transfer. M-Sec may represent a promising therapeutic target in FSGS, and evidence that podocytes can be rescued via TNT-mediated horizontal transfer may open new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barutta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefania Bellini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Pharmacological Research Mario Negri, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Pharmacological Research Mario Negri, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Salvidio
- Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), San Martino University Hospital Clinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marilena Durazzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gabriella Gruden
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Arruga F, Serra S, Vitale N, Guerra G, Papait A, Baffour Gyau B, Tito F, Efremov D, Vaisitti T, Deaglio S. Targeting of the A2A adenosine receptor counteracts immunosuppression in vivo in a mouse model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2021; 106:1343-1353. [PMID: 32299906 PMCID: PMC8094100 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.242016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunosuppression is a major cause for treatment failure and disease relapse, both in solid tumors and leukemia. Local hypoxia is among the conditions that cause immunosuppression, acting at least in part through the upregulation of extracellular adenosine levels, which potently suppress T cell responses and skew macrophages towards an M2 phenotype. Hence, there is intense investigation to identify drugs that target this axis. By using the TCL1 adoptive transfer CLL mouse model, we show that adenosine production and signaling are upregulated in the hypoxic lymphoid niches, where intense colonization of leukemic cells occurs. This leads to a progressive remodeling of the immune system towards tolerance, with expansion of T regulatory cells (Tregs), loss of CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity and differentiation of murine macrophages towards the patrolling (M2-like) subset. In vivo administration of SCH58261, an inhibitor the A2A adenosine receptor, re-awakens T cell responses, while limiting Tregs expansion, and re-polarizes monocytes towards the inflammatory (M1-like) phenotype. These results show for the first time the in vivo contribution of adenosine signaling to immune tolerance in CLL, and the translational implication of drugs interrupting this pathway. Although the effects of SCH58261 on leukemic cells are limited, interfering with adenosine signaling may represent an appealing strategy for combination-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arruga
- Lab of Cancer Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Serra
- Lab of Cancer Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Lab of Cancer Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Guerra
- Lab of Cancer Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Papait
- Lab of Cancer Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Benjamin Baffour Gyau
- Lab of Cancer Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Tito
- Lab of Cancer Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Lab of Cancer Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Lab of Cancer Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Wang L, Londono LM, Cowell J, Saatci O, Aras M, Ersan PG, Serra S, Pei H, Clift R, Zhao Q, Phan KB, Huang L, LaBarre MJ, Li X, Shepard HM, Deaglio S, Linden J, Thanos CD, Sahin O, Cekic C. Targeting Adenosine with Adenosine Deaminase 2 to Inhibit Growth of Solid Tumors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3319-3332. [PMID: 33863778 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine in tumors can suppress immune responses and promote tumor growth. Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) converts adenosine into inosine. The role of ADA2 in cancer and whether it can target adenosine for cancer therapy has not been investigated. Here we show that increased ADA2 expression is associated with increased patient survival and enrichment of adaptive immune response pathways in several solid tumor types. Several ADA2 variants were created to improve catalytic efficiency, and PEGylation was used to prolong systemic exposure. In mice, PEGylated ADA2 (PEGADA2) inhibited tumor growth by targeting adenosine in an enzyme activity-dependent manner and thereby modulating immune responses. These findings introduce endogenous ADA2 expression as a prognostic factor and PEGADA2 as a novel immunotherapy for cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies ADA2 as a prognostic factor associated with prolonged cancer patient survival and introduces the potential of enzymatic removal of adenosine with engineered ADA2 for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Luz M Londono
- Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Jessica Cowell
- Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Ozge Saatci
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Mertkaya Aras
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Pelin G Ersan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Sara Serra
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Hong Pei
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Renee Clift
- Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Qiping Zhao
- Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Kim B Phan
- Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Lei Huang
- Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | - Xiaoming Li
- Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Joel Linden
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Caglar Cekic
- Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California.
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Amoroso A, Magistroni P, Vespasiano F, Bella A, Bellino S, Puoti F, Alizzi S, Vaisitti T, Boros S, Grossi PA, Trapani S, Lombardini L, Pezzotti P, Deaglio S, Brusaferro S, Cardillo M. HLA and AB0 Polymorphisms May Influence SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Severity. Transplantation 2021; 105:193-200. [PMID: 33141807 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection is heterogeneous in clinical presentation and disease evolution. To investigate whether immune response to the virus can be influenced by genetic factors, we compared HLA and AB0 frequencies in organ transplant recipients and waitlisted patients according to presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on an Italian cohort composed by transplanted and waitlisted patients in a January 2002 to March 2020 time frame. Data from this cohort were merged with the Italian registry of COVID+ subjects, evaluating infection status of transplanted and waitlisted patients. A total of 56 304 cases were studied with the aim of comparing HLA and AB0 frequencies according to the presence (n = 265, COVID+) or absence (n = 56 039, COVID-) of SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS The cumulative incidence rate of COVID-19 was 0.112% in the Italian population and 0.462% in waitlisted/transplanted patients (OR = 4.2; 95% CI, 3.7-4.7; P < 0.0001). HLA-DRB1*08 was more frequent in COVID+ (9.7% and 5.2%: OR = 1.9, 95% CI, 1.2-3.1; P = 0.003; Pc = 0.036). In COVID+ patients, HLA-DRB1*08 was correlated to mortality (6.9% in living versus 17.5% in deceased: OR = 2.9, 95% CI, 1.15-7.21; P = 0.023). Peptide binding prediction analyses showed that these DRB1*08 alleles were unable to bind any of the viral peptides with high affinity. Finally, blood group A was more frequent in COVID+ (45.5%) than COVID- patients (39.0%; OR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.02-1.66; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Although preliminary, these results suggest that HLA antigens may influence SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical evolution of COVID-19 and confirm that blood group A individuals are at greater risk of infection, providing clues on the spread of the disease and indications about infection prognosis and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Magistroni
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Bella
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Bellino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Puoti
- National Transplant Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Alizzi
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Boros
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Grossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria-ASST-Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Trapani
- National Transplant Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Patrizio Pezzotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Cardillo
- National Transplant Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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Audrito V, Messana VG, Moiso E, Vitale N, Arruga F, Brandimarte L, Gaudino F, Pellegrino E, Vaisitti T, Riganti C, Piva R, Deaglio S. NAMPT Over-Expression Recapitulates the BRAF Inhibitor Resistant Phenotype Plasticity in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123855. [PMID: 33419372 PMCID: PMC7766175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most fatal skin cancer due to its high metastatic potential. Treatment strategies are dramatically changing due to the introduction of BRAF/MEK inhibitors (i) and immunotherapy; however, multiple resistant mechanisms rapidly occur including metabolic rewiring. This study aimed to establish the driver role of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-biosynthetic enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in BRAFi resistance development. We defined that NAMPT over-expressing MM cells were strikingly similar to cells that acquired resistance to BRAFi in terms of growth, invasion, and phenotype plasticity. These findings confirmed NAMPT as a key factor in melanoma progression and in the onset of BRAFi resistance in melanoma patients, opening new therapeutic possibilities for this subset of patients. Abstract Serine–threonine protein kinase B-RAF (BRAF)-mutated metastatic melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive type of skin cancer. Treatment of MM patients using BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi) eventually leads to drug resistance, limiting any clinical benefit. Herein, we demonstrated that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-biosynthetic enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a driving factor in BRAFi resistance development. Using stable and inducible NAMPT over-expression systems, we showed that forced NAMPT expression in MM BRAF-mutated cell lines led to increased energy production, MAPK activation, colony-formation capacity, and enhance tumorigenicity in vivo. Moreover, NAMPT over-expressing cells switched toward an invasive/mesenchymal phenotype, up-regulating expression of ZEB1 and TWIST, two transcription factors driving the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Consistently, within the NAMPT-overexpressing cell line variants, we observed an increased percentage of a rare, drug-effluxing stem cell-like side population (SP) of cells, paralleled by up-regulation of ABCC1/MRP1 expression and CD133-positive cells. The direct correlation between NAMPT expression and gene set enrichments involving metastasis, invasiveness and mesenchymal/stemness properties were verified also in melanoma patients by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. On the other hand, CRISPR/Cas9 full knock-out NAMPT BRAFi-resistant MM cells are not viable, while inducible partial silencing drastically reduces tumor growth and aggressiveness. Overall, this work revealed that NAMPT over-expression is both necessary and sufficient to recapitulate the BRAFi-resistant phenotype plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Audrito
- Cancer Immunogenetics Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.G.M.); (N.V.); (F.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (T.V.)
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (S.D.); Tel.: +39-0116709535-37 (V.A. & S.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Gianluca Messana
- Cancer Immunogenetics Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.G.M.); (N.V.); (F.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Enrico Moiso
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Cancer Immunogenetics Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.G.M.); (N.V.); (F.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Cancer Immunogenetics Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.G.M.); (N.V.); (F.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Lorenzo Brandimarte
- Cancer Immunogenetics Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.G.M.); (N.V.); (F.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Federica Gaudino
- Cancer Immunogenetics Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.G.M.); (N.V.); (F.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Elisa Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Cancer Immunogenetics Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.G.M.); (N.V.); (F.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Roberto Piva
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Cancer Immunogenetics Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.G.M.); (N.V.); (F.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (T.V.)
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (S.D.); Tel.: +39-0116709535-37 (V.A. & S.D.)
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D'Arena G, De Feo V, Pietrantuono G, Seneca E, Mansueto G, Villani O, La Rocca F, D'Auria F, Statuto T, Valvano L, Arruga F, Deaglio S, Efremov DG, Sgambato A, Laurenti L. CD200 and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Biological and Clinical Relevance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:584427. [PMID: 33324560 PMCID: PMC7727446 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.584427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD200, a transmembrane type Ia glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily, is broadly expressed on a wide variety of cell types, such as B lymphocytes, a subset of T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, endothelial and neuronal cells. It delivers immunosuppressive signals through its receptor CD200R, which is expressed on monocytes/myeloid cells and T lymphocytes. Moreover, interaction of CD200 with CD200R has also been reported to play a role in the regulation of tumor immunity. Overexpression of CD200 has been reported in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and hairy cell leukemia but not in mantle cell lymphoma, thus helping to better discriminate between these different B cell malignancies with different prognosis. In this review, we focus on the role of CD200 expression in the differential diagnosis of mature B-cell neoplasms and on the prognostic significance of CD200 expression in CLL, where conflicting results have been published so far. Of interest, increasing evidences indicate that anti-CD200 treatment might be therapeutically beneficial for treating CD200-expressing malignancies, such as CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Arena
- Hematology, "S. Luca" Hospital, ASL Salerno, Vallo della Lucania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pietrantuono
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Elisa Seneca
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mansueto
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Oreste Villani
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Francesco La Rocca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Diagnostics, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Auria
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Teodora Statuto
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luciana Valvano
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Cancer Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Cancer Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dimitar G Efremov
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Hematology Institute, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
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Vaisitti T, Sorbini M, Callegari M, Kalantari S, Bracciamà V, Arruga F, Vanzino SB, Rendine S, Togliatto G, Giachino D, Pelle A, Cocchi E, Benvenuta C, Baldovino S, Rollino C, Fenoglio R, Sciascia S, Tamagnone M, Vitale C, Calabrese G, Biancone L, Bussolino S, Savoldi S, Borzumati M, Cantaluppi V, Chiappero F, Ungari S, Peruzzi L, Roccatello D, Amoroso A, Deaglio S. Clinical exome sequencing is a powerful tool in the diagnostic flow of monogenic kidney diseases: an Italian experience. J Nephrol 2020; 34:1767-1781. [PMID: 33226606 PMCID: PMC8494711 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background A considerable minority of patients on waiting lists for kidney transplantation either have no diagnosis (and fall into the subset of undiagnosed cases) because kidney biopsy was not performed or histological findings were non-specific, or do not fall into any well-defined clinical category. Some of these patients might be affected by a previously unrecognised monogenic disease. Methods Through a multidisciplinary cooperative effort, we built an analytical pipeline to identify patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with a clinical suspicion of a monogenic condition or without a well-defined diagnosis. Following the stringent phenotypical and clinical characterization required by the flowchart, candidates meeting these criteria were further investigated by clinical exome sequencing followed by in silico analysis of 225 kidney-disease-related genes. Results By using an ad hoc web-based platform, we enrolled 160 patients from 13 different Nephrology and Genetics Units located across the Piedmont region over 15 months. A preliminary “remote” evaluation based on well-defined inclusion criteria allowed us to define eligibility for NGS analysis. Among the 138 recruited patients, 52 (37.7%) were children and 86 (62.3%) were adults. Up to 48% of them had a positive family history for kidney disease. Overall, applying this workflow led to the identification of genetic variants potentially explaining the phenotype in 78 (56.5%) cases. Conclusions These results underline the importance of clinical exome sequencing as a versatile and highly useful, non-invasive tool for genetic diagnosis of kidney diseases. Identifying patients who can benefit from targeted therapies, and improving the management of organ transplantation are further expected applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40620-020-00898-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Sorbini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Callegari
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Kalantari
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bracciamà
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruna Vanzino
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Sabina Rendine
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Togliatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Giachino
- Service of Genetic Counseling, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pelle
- Service of Genetic Counseling, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Cocchi
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Benvenuta
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Baldovino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (ERKnet Member)-CMID, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiana Rollino
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (ERKnet Member)-CMID, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Fenoglio
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (ERKnet Member)-CMID, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Savino Sciascia
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (ERKnet Member)-CMID, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Vitale
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Ordine Mauriziano di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Biancone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Renal Transplantation Unit 'A. Vercellone,' Division of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Borzumati
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit of Verbania ASL VCO, Verbano Cusio Ossola, Verbania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Maggiore Della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Silvana Ungari
- Struttura Semplice Genetics and Molecular Biology, ASL CN1, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (ERKnet Member)-CMID, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy. .,Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Deaglio S, Hartmann TN. The Importance of Tumor-Host Interactions in Adult B-Cell Leukemias and Lymphomas. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186915. [PMID: 32967158 PMCID: PMC7555678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (T.N.H.)
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (T.N.H.)
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Vaisitti T, Sorbini M, Callegari M, Kalantari S, Bracciamà V, Arruga F, Vanzino SB, Pelle A, Giachino D, Cocchi E, Baldovino S, Rollino C, Fenoglio R, Tamagnone M, Gherzi M, Soragna G, Vitale C, Berta V, Calabrese G, Leonardi G, Biancone L, Strampelli E, Maroni S, Santi S, Funaro L, Borzumati M, Bertinetto P, Viglino G, Gianoglio B, Peruzzi L, Roccatello D, Amoroso A, Deaglio S. P0051NOVEL AND KNOWN MUTATIONS IDENTIFIED BY CLINICAL EXOME SEQUENCING FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
Autosomal dominant PKD determines formation of multiple cysts predominantly in the kidneys and usually becomes symptomatic during adulthood and can lead to renal failure. In contrast, in autosomal recessive PKD cysts occur in both the kidneys and the liver and usually presents an earlier onset. Obtaining genetic diagnosis is important to confirm clinical diagnosis and is required before treating with vasopressin 2 receptor blockers, which are the only drugs known to slow down the disease. Furthermore, in the case of kidney transplant from a living family member it is essential to exclude the presence of the mutation in the donor. We used clinical exome sequencing to provide genetic diagnosis to a cohort of patients with a clinical suspicion of PKD.
Method
175 patients were referred to the Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service of the Turin University Hospital through a network of nephrology centers operating in the Piedmont region. Some patients were referred following genetic counseling. All patients signed an informed consent and the referring physicians provided relevant clinical data. DNA from eligible patients was extracted, checked for integrity, quantified and used for library preparation. A clinical exome sequencing (CES) kit by Illumina was used, allowing the analysis of 6,700 clinically relevant genes.
Results
Out of the 175 recruited patients eligible for CES, 38 (21.7%) had a clinical suspicion or diagnosis of PKD, with 50% of them presenting family history. The majority of the cohort was represented by male subjects (60.5%) and included both children (34.2%) and adults. The analytical approach was based on initial analysis of genes responsible for PKD (PKD1, PKD2 and PKHD1). If no mutation could be identified, analysis was then extended to a panel of 99 genes responsible for ciliopathies. This approach led to the identification of causative variants in 33/38 (86.8%) of the PKD cohort, while no variant could be identified in 5/38 patients. In 5/33 (15.2%) patients, mutations were inconclusive as found in heterozygosity in genes known to have an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, while 27/33 (81.8%) were in line with the initial clinical suspicion/diagnosis. Of these, the majority was represented by missense mutations (12), followed by frameshift and nonsense mutations (6 each) and 3 splicing variants. As expected, the majority of mutations were found in PKD1 17/27 (63%), PKD2 3/27 (11.1%) and PKHD1 2/27 (7.4%). In these two latter patients, variants were found as compound heterozygosity. We also found mutations in other genes known to cause cysts, including TSC2 and CPT2. Of note, in 7 patients carrying PKD1 mutations, we found a second variant in PKD1 or PKHD1. Interestingly, when looking at patients characterized by kidney failure but lacking a clinical suspicion at recruitment or diagnosed with other phenotypes (66/175), we found variants in PKD1 and in PKD2 in 11 patients (9 and 2, respectively).
Of all identified variants in PKD1, PKD2 and PKHD1 genes, 17.6% were annotated as pathogenic (C5), 41.2% were likely pathogenic (C4) and 41.2% were variants of unknown significance (C3). 19 variants in these genes were not previously reported. All the variants found in genes responsible for PKD were validated and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Family segregation studies are ongoing.
Finally, it is worth mentioning that in a portion of cases (5/38) with clinical and phenotypic features of PKD, supported also by a positive family history, we could not detect mutations in causative genes. These results may be explained by the presence of intronic variants, in line with data reported in literature.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that CES may be applied to PKD patients to identify causative variants during their routine diagnostic flow. Furthermore, CES may be a useful tool to detect mutations in PKD-related genes in patients with undiagnosed diseases, considering its rapidly decreasing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vaisitti
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Sorbini
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Callegari
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Kalantari
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Bracciamà
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruna Vanzino
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Giachino
- AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin & Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Cocchi
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Baldovino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin & SCU Nephrology and Dialysis (ERKnet member) - CMID, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, San Giovanni Hospital, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristiana Rollino
- SCU Nephrology and Dialysis (ERKnet member) - CMID, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, San Giovanni Hospital, Turin
| | - Roberta Fenoglio
- SCU Nephrology and Dialysis (ERKnet member) - CMID, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, San Giovanni Hospital, Turin
| | | | | | - Giorgio Soragna
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Corrado Vitale
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Berta
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit of Casale Monferrato, Alessandria, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Calabrese
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit of Casale Monferrato, Alessandria, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Gianluca Leonardi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Biancone
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Serena Maroni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit ASL TO4, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Sonia Santi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit of Chivasso ASL TO4, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Funaro
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit of Verbania ASL VCO, Verbano Cusio Ossola, Verbania, Italy
| | - Maurizio Borzumati
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit of Verbania ASL VCO, Verbano Cusio Ossola, Verbania, Italy
| | | | - Giusto Viglino
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit of Alba ASL CN2, Alba, Alba, Italy
| | - Bruno Gianoglio
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin & SCU Nephrology and Dialysis (ERKnet member) - CMID, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, San Giovanni Hospital, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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Vaisitti T, Sorbini M, Callegari M, Kalantari S, Bracciamà V, Arruga F, Vanzino SB, Pelle A, Giachino D, Cocchi E, Baldovino S, Rollino C, Fenoglio R, Peruzzi L, Roccatello D, Amoroso A, Deaglio S. P0056USE OF CLINICAL EXOME SEQUENCING IN THE DIAGNOSTIC FLOW OF MONOGENIC KIDNEY DISEASES: THE PIEDMONT EXPERIENCE. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are becoming a powerful diagnostic tool in precision medicine. Specifically, exome sequencing can help in the diagnosis of selected diseases, in their medical management and therapeutic choices. Inherited kidney diseases (IKD) are among the major causes for kidney failure, both in children and adults, resulting in increased mortality, high health care costs and need for organ transplantation. In addition, it is worth mentioning that a significant proportion of patients in the kidney transplant lacks a clear diagnosis. This subset of diseases may thus benefit from the application of NGS technology, as the simultaneous investigation of hundreds of genes can lead to the identification of causative variants in a vast population of patients.
The aim of this study is to validate the use of a clinical exome sequencing approach in the diagnostic flow for kidney diseases leading to organ failure to i) confirm the clinical diagnosis, ii) find the genetic cause of previously unrecognized diseases and iii) improve the outcome of organ transplantation by excluding live-donors carrying the same mutational burden.
Method
160 patients were recruited, directly or following a genetic counseling, exploiting a network of 21 nephrology centers spread across the Piedmont region, coordinated by the “Centro Regionale Trapianti (CRT)” of Torino. Patients were then evaluated for NGS eligibility. DNA extracted from blood samples was checked for integrity, quantified and used for library preparation. A clinical exome sequencing (CES) kit by Illumina was used, allowing for targeted capture, enrichment and sequencing of 6700 clinically relevant genes. Reads were aligned to hg37 reference genome using the Isaac enrichment tool and variants filtered using an ad-hoc set up pipeline of analysis.
Results
clinical exome sequencing was performed on a diagnostic cohort of 138 patients, both children (37.7%) and adults (62.3%), with a prevalence of male subjects (56.5%). The majority of the cohort (51.5%) presented a positive family history for kidney disease, while 22 patients were excluded from the study as organ failure was most likely the result of secondary events. The cohort was highly heterogeneous with 21% of patients presenting with ciliopathies, 18.1% with glomerular disease, 7.2% with tubular disease while the remaining cohort presented other diseases or was undiagnosed (44.3%). An ad hoc analytical pipeline was designed, based on selected genotype-phenotype correlation database, filter-in metrics, inheritance model and annotation of variants based on public databases and in-silico prediction tools. By adopting well defined criteria of recruitment and analysis, causative genes were identified in 61.6% of cases and in the 57.3% of cases results were in line with the original diagnostic hypothesis. Moreover, 50.8% of cases with organ failure for unknown reasons were solved with the identification of causative genes. Out of the 133 total variants found in the cohort, 63 were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. The remaining 70 identified variants were annotated as variant of unknown significance and will be further investigated.
Conclusion
Taken together, these results show that CES is a powerful non-invasive tool for the genetic diagnosis of IKD. Identification of disease causative variants may represent a critical step for the diagnosis, clinical management of the patients, and potentially for optimal live-donor selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vaisitti
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Sorbini
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Callegari
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Kalantari
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Bracciamà
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruna Vanzino
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Giachino
- AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin & Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Cocchi
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Baldovino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin & SCU Nephrology and Dialysis (ERKnet member) - CMID, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, San Giovanni Hospital, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristiana Rollino
- SCU Nephrology and Dialysis (ERKnet member) - CMID, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, San Giovanni Hospital, Turin
| | - Roberta Fenoglio
- SCU Nephrology and Dialysis (ERKnet member) - CMID, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, San Giovanni Hospital, Turin
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin & SCU Nephrology and Dialysis (ERKnet member) - CMID, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, San Giovanni Hospital, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Transplant Regional Center-Piedmont region, Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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Arruga F, Bracciamà V, Vitale N, Vaisitti T, Gizzi K, Yeomans A, Coscia M, D'Arena G, Gaidano G, Allan JN, Furman RR, Packham G, Forconi F, Deaglio S. Correction: Bidirectional linkage between the B-cell receptor and NOTCH1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in Richter's syndrome: therapeutic implications. Leukemia 2020; 34:1721. [PMID: 31836851 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alison Yeomans
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Haematological Oncology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marta Coscia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Arena
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - John N Allan
- Department of Hematology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard R Furman
- Department of Hematology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Haematological Oncology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Haematological Oncology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT) are two intracellular enzymes that catalyze the first step in the biosynthesis of NAD from nicotinamide and nicotinic acid, respectively. By fine tuning intracellular NAD levels, they are involved in the regulation/reprogramming of cellular metabolism and in the control of the activity of NAD-dependent enzymes, including sirtuins, PARPs, and NADases. However, during evolution they both acquired novel functions as extracellular endogenous mediators of inflammation. It is well-known that cellular stress and/or damage induce release in the extracellular milieu of endogenous molecules, called alarmins or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which modulate immune functions through binding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and activate inflammatory responses. Increasing evidence suggests that extracellular (e)NAMPT and eNAPRT are novel soluble factors with cytokine/adipokine/DAMP-like actions. Elevated eNAMPT were reported in several metabolic and inflammatory disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer, while eNAPRT is emerging as a biomarker of sepsis and septic shock. This review will discuss available data concerning the dual role of this unique family of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Audrito
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gianluca Messana
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Lorenzato A, Magrì A, Matafora V, Audrito V, Arcella P, Lazzari L, Montone M, Lamba S, Deaglio S, Siena S, Bertotti A, Trusolino L, Bachi A, Di Nicolantonio F, Bardelli A, Arena S. Vitamin C Restricts the Emergence of Acquired Resistance to EGFR-Targeted Therapies in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030685. [PMID: 32183295 PMCID: PMC7140052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term efficacy of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-targeted antibody cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is limited by the emergence of drug-resistant (persister) cells. Recent studies in other cancer types have shown that cells surviving initial treatment with targeted agents are often vulnerable to alterations in cell metabolism including oxidative stress. Vitamin C (VitC) is an antioxidant agent which can paradoxically trigger oxidative stress at pharmacological dose. Here we tested the hypothesis that VitC in combination with cetuximab could restrain the emergence of secondary resistance to EGFR blockade in CRC RAS/BRAF wild-type models. We found that addition of VitC to cetuximab impairs the emergence of drug persisters, limits the growth of CRC organoids, and significantly delays acquired resistance in CRC patient-derived xenografts. Mechanistically, proteomic and metabolic flux analysis shows that cetuximab blunts carbohydrate metabolism by blocking glucose uptake and glycolysis, beyond promoting slow but progressive ROS production. In parallel, VitC disrupts iron homeostasis and further increases ROS levels ultimately leading to ferroptosis. Combination of VitC and cetuximab orchestrates a synthetic lethal metabolic cell death program triggered by ATP depletion and oxidative stress, which effectively limits the emergence of acquired resistance to anti-EGFR antibodies. Considering that high-dose VitC is known to be safe in cancer patients, our findings might have clinical impact on CRC patients treated with anti-EGFR therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Lorenzato
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (F.D.N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy
| | - Alessandro Magrì
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (F.D.N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy
| | - Vittoria Matafora
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy; (V.M.); (L.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Valentina Audrito
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy; (V.A.); (S.D.)
| | - Pamela Arcella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (F.D.N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy
| | - Luca Lazzari
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy; (V.M.); (L.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Monica Montone
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (F.D.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Simona Lamba
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (F.D.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy; (V.A.); (S.D.)
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan 20162, Italy;
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Bertotti
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (F.D.N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (F.D.N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy; (V.M.); (L.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (F.D.N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (F.D.N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy
| | - Sabrina Arena
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (F.D.N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo 10060 (TO), Italy
- Correspondence:
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46
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Arruga F, Bracciamà V, Vitale N, Vaisitti T, Gizzi K, Yeomans A, Coscia M, D'Arena G, Gaidano G, Allan JN, Furman RR, Packham G, Forconi F, Deaglio S. Bidirectional linkage between the B-cell receptor and NOTCH1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in Richter's syndrome: therapeutic implications. Leukemia 2020; 34:462-477. [PMID: 31467429 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NOTCH1 mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lead to accumulation of NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NICD) and prolong signaling. These mutations associate with a more aggressive disease compared to wild-type (WT) CLL. In this work we demonstrate a bidirectional functional relationship between NOTCH1 and the B cell receptor (BCR) pathways. By using highly homogeneous cohorts of primary CLL cells, activation of NOTCH1 is shown to increase expression of surface IgM, as well as LYN, BTK, and BLNK, ultimately enhancing BCR signaling responses, including global mRNA translation. Upon BCR cross-linking, NOTCH1 itself is actively translated and increased on cell surface. Furthermore, BCR ligation induces calcium mobilization that can facilitate ligand-independent NOTCH1 activation. These data suggest that the two pathways are functionally linked, providing a rationale for dual inhibition strategies. Consistently, addition of the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT to ibrutinib significantly potentiates its effects, both in vitro and in a short-term patient-derived xenograft model. While this observation may find limited applications in the CLL field, it is more relevant for Richter's Syndrome (RS) management, where very few successful therapeutic options exist. Treatment of RS-patient-derived xenografts (RS-PDX) with the combination of ibrutinib and DAPT decreases disease burden and increases overall survival.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Diamines/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Piperidines
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Syndrome
- Thiazoles/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alison Yeomans
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Haematological Oncology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marta Coscia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Arena
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - John N Allan
- Department of Hematology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard R Furman
- Department of Hematology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Haematological Oncology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Haematological Oncology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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47
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Deaglio S, Amoroso A, Rinaldi M, Boffini M. HLA typing in lung transplantation: does high resolution fit all? Ann Transl Med 2020; 8:45. [PMID: 32154803 PMCID: PMC7036624 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.01.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Rinaldi
- AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Boffini
- AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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48
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Diop F, Moia R, Favini C, Spaccarotella E, De Paoli L, Bruscaggin A, Spina V, Terzi-di-Bergamo L, Arruga F, Tarantelli C, Deambrogi C, Rasi S, Adhinaveni R, Patriarca A, Favini S, Sagiraju S, Jabangwe C, Kodipad AA, Peroni D, Mauro FR, Giudice ID, Forconi F, Cortelezzi A, Zaja F, Bomben R, Rossi FM, Visco C, Chiarenza A, Rigolin GM, Marasca R, Coscia M, Perbellini O, Tedeschi A, Laurenti L, Motta M, Donaldson D, Weir P, Mills K, Thornton P, Lawless S, Bertoni F, Poeta GD, Cuneo A, Follenzi A, Gattei V, Boldorini RL, Catherwood M, Deaglio S, Foà R, Gaidano G, Rossi D. Biological and clinical implications of BIRC3 mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2020; 105:448-456. [PMID: 31371416 PMCID: PMC7012473 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.219550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BIRC3 is a recurrently mutated gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) but the functional implications of BIRC3 mutations are largely unexplored. Furthermore, little is known about the prognostic impact of BIRC3 mutations in CLL cohorts homogeneously treated with first-line fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR). By immunoblotting analysis, we showed that the non-canonical nuclear factor-κB pathway is active in BIRC3-mutated cell lines and in primary CLL samples, as documented by the stabilization of MAP3K14 and by the nuclear localization of p52. In addition, BIRC3-mutated primary CLL cells are less sensitive to flu-darabine. In order to confirm in patients that BIRC3 mutations confer resistance to fludarabine-based chemoimmunotherapy, a retrospective multicenter cohort of 287 untreated patients receiving first-line FCR was analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing of 24 recurrently mutated genes in CLL. By univariate analysis adjusted for multiple comparisons BIRC3 mutations identify a poor prognostic subgroup of patients in whom FCR treatment fails (median progression-free survival: 2.2 years, P<0.001) similar to cases harboring TP53 mutations (median progression-free survival: 2.6 years, P<0.0001). BIRC3 mutations maintained an independent association with an increased risk of progression with a hazard ratio of 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.4-5.6, P=0.004) in multivariate analysis adjusted for TP53 mutation, 17p deletion and IGHV mutation status. If validated, BIRC3 mutations may be used as a new molecular predictor to select high-risk patients for novel frontline therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fary Diop
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Moia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Favini
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Spaccarotella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo De Paoli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessio Bruscaggin
- Institute of Oncology Research and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Spina
- Institute of Oncology Research and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Lodovico Terzi-di-Bergamo
- Institute of Oncology Research and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin & Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Clara Deambrogi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Rasi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Ramesh Adhinaveni
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Patriarca
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Favini
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Sruthi Sagiraju
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Clive Jabangwe
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Ahad A Kodipad
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Denise Peroni
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca R Mauro
- Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Del Giudice
- Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton Cancer Research UK and National Institute for Health Research Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Division of Hematology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Agostino Cortelezzi
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaja
- Clinica Ematologica, DAME, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bomben
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Rossi
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
| | - Carlo Visco
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiarenza
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico-OVE, Catania, Italy
| | - Gian Matteo Rigolin
- Hematology Section, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Omar Perbellini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tedeschi
- Department of Oncology/Haematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Niguarda Ca Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Motta
- Department of Hematology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - David Donaldson
- Clinical Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Phil Weir
- Clinical Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ken Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Sarah Lawless
- Clinical Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Antonio Cuneo
- Hematology Section, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Mark Catherwood
- Clinical Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin & Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Robin Foà
- Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi
- Institute of Oncology Research and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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49
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Grolla AA, Miggiano R, Di Marino D, Bianchi M, Gori A, Orsomando G, Gaudino F, Galli U, Del Grosso E, Mazzola F, Angeletti C, Guarneri M, Torretta S, Calabrò M, Boumya S, Fan X, Colombo G, Travelli C, Rocchio F, Aronica E, Wohlschlegel JA, Deaglio S, Rizzi M, Genazzani AA, Garavaglia S. A nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase-GAPDH interaction sustains the stress-induced NMN/NAD + salvage pathway in the nucleus. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3635-3651. [PMID: 31988240 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells require sustained intracellular energy flux, which is driven by redox chemistry at the subcellular level. NAD+, its phosphorylated variant NAD(P)+, and its reduced forms NAD(P)/NAD(P)H are all redox cofactors with key roles in energy metabolism and are substrates for several NAD-consuming enzymes (e.g. poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, sirtuins, and others). The nicotinamide salvage pathway, constituted by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), mainly replenishes NAD+ in eukaryotes. However, unlike NMNAT1, NAMPT is not known to be a nuclear protein, prompting the question of how the nuclear NAD+ pool is maintained and how it is replenished upon NAD+ consumption. In the present work, using human and murine cells; immunoprecipitation, pulldown, and surface plasmon resonance assays; and immunofluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, and MS-based analyses, we report that GAPDH and NAMPT form a stable complex that is essential for nuclear translocation of NAMPT. This translocation furnishes NMN to replenish NAD+ to compensate for the activation of NAD-consuming enzymes by stressful stimuli induced by exposure to H2O2 or S-nitrosoglutathione and DNA damage inducers. These results indicate that by forming a complex with GAPDH, NAMPT can translocate to the nucleus and thereby sustain the stress-induced NMN/NAD+ salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra A Grolla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Miggiano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele Bianchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM-CNR), via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Orsomando
- Department of Clinical Sciences (DISCO), Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Ranieri 67, 60128 Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Gaudino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Ubaldina Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Erika Del Grosso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Mazzola
- Department of Clinical Sciences (DISCO), Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Ranieri 67, 60128 Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo Angeletti
- Department of Clinical Sciences (DISCO), Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Ranieri 67, 60128 Ancona, Italy
| | - Martina Guarneri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Torretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Calabrò
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Boumya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Xiaorui Fan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Rocchio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Silvia Garavaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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Gaudino F, Manfredonia I, Managò A, Audrito V, Raffaelli N, Vaisitti T, Deaglio S. Subcellular Characterization of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Biosynthesis in Metastatic Melanoma by Using Organelle-Specific Biosensors. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1150-1165. [PMID: 31456414 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) plays central roles in a wide array of normal and pathological conditions. Inhibition of NAD+ biosynthesis can be exploited therapeutically in cancer, including melanoma. To obtain quantitation of NAD+ levels in live cells and to address the issue of the compartmentalization of NAD+ biosynthesis, we exploited a recently described genetically encoded NAD+ biosensor (LigA-circularly permutated Venus), which was targeted to the cytosol, mitochondria, and nuclei of BRAF-V600E A375 melanoma cells, a model of metastatic melanoma (MM). Results: FK866, a specific inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the main NAD+-producing enzyme in MM cells, was used to monitor NAD+ depletion kinetics at the subcellular level in biosensor-transduced A375 cells. In addition, we treated FK866-blocked A375 cells with NAD+ precursors, including nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide riboside, and quinolinic acid, highlighting an organelle-specific capacity of each substrate to rescue from NAMPT block. Expression of NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes was then biochemically studied in isolated organelles, revealing the presence of NAMPT in all three cellular compartments, whereas nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase was predominantly cytosolic and mitochondrial, and nicotinamide riboside kinase mitochondrial and nuclear. In keeping with biosensor data, quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase was expressed at extremely low levels. Innovation and Conclusions: Throughout this work, we validated the use of genetically encoded NAD+ biosensors to characterize subcellular distribution of NAD+ production routes in MM. The chance of real-time monitoring of NAD+ fluctuations after chemical perturbations, together with a deeper comprehension of the cofactor biosynthesis compartmentalization, strengthens the foundation for a targeted strategy of NAD+ pool manipulation in cancer and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gaudino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Managò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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