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Dunaway LS, Loeb SA, Petrillo S, Tolosano E, Isakson BE. Heme metabolism in nonerythroid cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107132. [PMID: 38432636 PMCID: PMC10988061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-containing prosthetic group necessary for the function of several proteins termed "hemoproteins." Erythrocytes contain most of the body's heme in the form of hemoglobin and contain high concentrations of free heme. In nonerythroid cells, where cytosolic heme concentrations are 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower, heme plays an essential and often overlooked role in a variety of cellular processes. Indeed, hemoproteins are found in almost every subcellular compartment and are integral in cellular operations such as oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. Growing evidence reveals the participation of heme in dynamic processes such as circadian rhythms, NO signaling, and the modulation of enzyme activity. This dynamic view of heme biology uncovers exciting possibilities as to how hemoproteins may participate in a range of physiologic systems. Here, we discuss how heme is regulated at the level of its synthesis, availability, redox state, transport, and degradation and highlight the implications for cellular function and whole organism physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Skylar A Loeb
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Deptartment Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Deptartment Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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2
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Manco M, Ammirata G, Petrillo S, De Giorgio F, Fontana S, Riganti C, Provero P, Fagoonee S, Altruda F, Tolosano E. FLVCR1a Controls Cellular Cholesterol Levels through the Regulation of Heme Biosynthesis and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Flux in Endothelial Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:149. [PMID: 38397386 PMCID: PMC10887198 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline leukemia virus C receptor 1a (FLVCR1a), initially identified as a retroviral receptor and localized on the plasma membrane, has emerged as a crucial regulator of heme homeostasis. Functioning as a positive regulator of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, FLVCR1a influences TCA cycle cataplerosis, thus impacting TCA flux and interconnected metabolic pathways. This study reveals an unexplored link between FLVCR1a, heme synthesis, and cholesterol production in endothelial cells. Using cellular models with manipulated FLVCR1a expression and inducible endothelial-specific Flvcr1a-null mice, we demonstrate that FLVCR1a-mediated control of heme synthesis regulates citrate availability for cholesterol synthesis, thereby influencing cellular cholesterol levels. Moreover, alterations in FLVCR1a expression affect membrane cholesterol content and fluidity, supporting a role for FLVCR1a in the intricate regulation of processes crucial for vascular development and endothelial function. Our results underscore FLVCR1a as a positive regulator of heme synthesis, emphasizing its integration with metabolic pathways involved in cellular energy metabolism. Furthermore, this study suggests that the dysregulation of heme metabolism may have implications for modulating lipid metabolism. We discuss these findings in the context of FLVCR1a's potential heme-independent function as a choline importer, introducing additional complexity to the interplay between heme and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Manco
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Ammirata
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco De Giorgio
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, Corso Massimo D’Azeglio 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
- Center for Omics Sciences, Ospedale San Raffaele IRCCS, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
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3
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Petrillo S, De Giorgio F, Bertino F, Garello F, Bitonto V, Longo DL, Mercurio S, Ammirata G, Allocco AL, Fiorito V, Chiabrando D, Altruda F, Terreno E, Provero P, Munaron L, Genova T, Nóvoa A, Carlos AR, Cardoso S, Mallo M, Soares MP, Tolosano E. Endothelial cells require functional FLVCR1a during developmental and adult angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:365-384. [PMID: 36631598 PMCID: PMC10328904 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Receptor 1a (FLVCR1a) is a transmembrane heme exporter essential for embryonic vascular development. However, the exact role of FLVCR1a during blood vessel development remains largely undefined. Here, we show that FLVCR1a is highly expressed in angiogenic endothelial cells (ECs) compared to quiescent ECs. Consistently, ECs lacking FLVCR1a give rise to structurally and functionally abnormal vascular networks in multiple models of developmental and pathologic angiogenesis. Firstly, zebrafish embryos without FLVCR1a displayed defective intersegmental vessels formation. Furthermore, endothelial-specific Flvcr1a targeting in mice led to a reduced radial expansion of the retinal vasculature associated to decreased EC proliferation. Moreover, Flvcr1a null retinas showed defective vascular organization and loose attachment of pericytes. Finally, adult neo-angiogenesis is severely affected in murine models of tumor angiogenesis. Tumor blood vessels lacking Flvcr1a were disorganized and dysfunctional. Collectively, our results demonstrate the critical role of FLVCR1a as a regulator of developmental and pathological angiogenesis identifying FLVCR1a as a potential therapeutic target in human diseases characterized by aberrant neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - F De Giorgio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - F Bertino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - F Garello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - V Bitonto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - D L Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - S Mercurio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - G Ammirata
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - A L Allocco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - V Fiorito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - D Chiabrando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - F Altruda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - E Terreno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - P Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, and GenoBiToUS, Genomics and Bioinformatics Service, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - L Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - T Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - A Nóvoa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - A R Carlos
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - S Cardoso
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Mallo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M P Soares
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - E Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Roato I, Genova T, Duraccio D, Ruffinatti FA, Zanin Venturini D, Di Maro M, Mosca Balma A, Pedraza R, Petrillo S, Chinigò G, Munaron L, Malucelli G, Faga MG, Mussano F. Mechanical and Biological Characterization of PMMA/Al 2O 3 Composites for Dental Implant Abutments. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3186. [PMID: 37571080 PMCID: PMC10421041 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical and biological behaviors of PMMA/Al2O3 composites incorporating 30 wt.%, 40 wt.%, and 50 wt.% of Al2O3 were thoroughly characterized as regards to their possible application in implant-supported prostheses. The Al2O3 particles accounted for an increase in the flexural modulus of PMMA. The highest value was recorded for the composite containing 40 wt.% Al2O3 (4.50 GPa), which was about 18% higher than that of its unfilled counterpart (3.86 GPa). The Al2O3 particles caused a decrease in the flexural strength of the composites, due to the presence of filler aggregates and voids, though it was still satisfactory for the intended application. The roughness (Ra) and water contact angle had the same trend, ranging from 1.94 µm and 77.2° for unfilled PMMA to 2.45 µm and 105.8° for the composite containing the highest alumina loading, respectively, hence influencing both the protein adsorption and cell adhesion. No cytotoxic effects were found, confirming that all the specimens are biocompatible and capable of sustaining cell growth and proliferation, without remarkable differences at 24 and 48 h. Finally, Al2O3 was able to cause strong cell responses (cell orientation), thus guiding the tissue formation in contact with the composite itself and not enhancing its osteoconductive properties, supporting the PMMA composite's usage in the envisaged application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Roato
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (A.M.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Donatella Duraccio
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, National Council of Research, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Diletta Zanin Venturini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Mattia Di Maro
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, National Council of Research, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Alessandro Mosca Balma
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (A.M.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Riccardo Pedraza
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (A.M.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Chinigò
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Giulio Malucelli
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Maria Giulia Faga
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, National Council of Research, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Federico Mussano
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (A.M.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
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Giustizieri M, Petrillo S, D’Amico J, Torda C, Quatrana A, Vigevano F, Specchio N, Piemonte F, Cherubini E. The ferroptosis inducer RSL3 triggers interictal epileptiform activity in mice cortical neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1213732. [PMID: 37396923 PMCID: PMC10311487 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1213732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, which result from excessive, synchronous discharges of neurons in different brain areas. In about 30% of cases, epileptic discharges, which vary in their etiology and symptomatology, are difficult to treat with conventional drugs. Ferroptosis is a newly defined iron-dependent programmed cell death, characterized by excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species. Evidence has been provided that ferroptosis is involved in epilepsy, and in particular in those forms resistant to drugs. Here, whole cell patch clamp recordings, in current and voltage clamp configurations, were performed from layer IV principal neurons in cortical slices obtained from adult mouse brain. Application of the ferroptosis inducer RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3) induced interictal epileptiform discharges which started at RSL3 concentrations of 2 μM and reached a plateau at 10 μM. This effect was not due to changes in active or passive membrane properties of the cells, but relied on alterations in synaptic transmission. In particular, interictal discharges were dependent on the excessive excitatory drive to layer IV principal cells, as suggested by the increase in frequency and amplitude of spontaneously occurring excitatory glutamatergic currents, possibly dependent on the reduction of inhibitory GABAergic ones. This led to an excitatory/inhibitory unbalance in cortical circuits. Interictal bursts could be prevented or reduced in frequency by the lipophilic antioxidant Vitamin E (30 μM). This study allows identifying new targets of ferroptosis-mediated epileptic discharges opening new avenues for the treatment of drug-resistant forms of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Giustizieri
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI)-Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Research Area of Neurological Sciences and Rehabilitation Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica D’Amico
- Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Research Area of Neurological Sciences and Rehabilitation Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Torda
- Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Research Area of Neurological Sciences and Rehabilitation Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Quatrana
- Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Research Area of Neurological Sciences and Rehabilitation Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Neurology Unit, Research Area of Neurological Sciences and Rehabilitation Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Clinical and Experimental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Epilepsies (EpiCARE), Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Research Area of Neurological Sciences and Rehabilitation Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Cherubini
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI)-Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Astanina E, Petrillo S, Genova T, Mussano F, Bussolino F. E15.5 Mouse Embryo Micro-CT Using a Bruker Skyscan 1172 Micro-CT. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4662. [PMID: 37188107 PMCID: PMC10176208 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray computed microtomography (µCT) is a powerful tool to reveal the 3D structure of tissues and organs. Compared with the traditional sectioning, staining, and microscopy image acquisition, it allows a better understanding of the morphology and a precise morphometric analysis. Here, we describe a method for 3D visualization and morphometric analysis by µCT scanning of the embryonic heart of iodine-stained E15.5 mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
- *For correspondence:
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Mussano
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
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Petrillo S, D’Amico J, Nicita F, Torda C, Vasco G, Bertini ES, Cappa M, Piemonte F. Antioxidant Response in Human X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Fibroblasts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2125. [PMID: 36358497 PMCID: PMC9686530 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation play a major role in the pathophysiology of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, encoding the protein responsible for peroxisomal import and degradation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Therefore, VLCFAs accumulate in tissues and plasma, constituting a pathognomonic biomarker for diagnosis. However, the precise role of VLCFA accumulation on the diverse clinical phenotypes of X-ALD and the pathogenic link between VLCFAs and oxidative stress remain currently unclear. This study proposes ferroptosis as a crucial contributor to the disease development and progression. The expression profiles of "GPX4-glutathione" and "NQO1-CoQ10" ferroptosis pathways have been analyzed in fibroblasts of one patient with AMN, the late onset and slowly progressive form of X-ALD, and in two patients with cALD, the cerebral inflammatory demyelinating form of early childhood. Furthermore, as no effective treatments are currently available, especially for the rapidly progressing form of X-ALD (cALD), the efficacy of NAC treatment has also been evaluated to open the way toward novel combined therapies. Our findings demonstrate that lipid peroxides accumulate in X-ALD fibroblasts and ferroptosis-counteracting enzymes are dysregulated, highlighting a different antioxidant response in patients with AMN and cALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica D’Amico
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicita
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Torda
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Gessica Vasco
- Movement Analysis and Robotics Laboratory (MARLab), Department of Neurorehabilitation and Robotics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00050 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico S. Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cappa
- Unit of Endocrinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Butnarasu C, Petrini P, Bracotti F, Visai L, Guagliano G, Fiorio Pla A, Sansone E, Petrillo S, Visentin S. Mucosomes: Intrinsically Mucoadhesive Glycosylated Mucin Nanoparticles as Multi-Drug Delivery Platform. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200340. [PMID: 35608152 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a complex barrier for pharmacological treatments and overcoming it is one of the major challenges faced during transmucosal drug delivery. To tackle this issue, a novel class of glycosylated nanoparticles, named "mucosomes," which are based on the most important protein constituting mucus, the mucin, is introduced. Mucosomes are designed to improve drug absorption and residence time on the mucosal tissues. Mucosomes are produced (150-300 nm), functionalized with glycans, and loaded with the desired drug in a single one-pot synthetic process and, with this method, a wide range of small and macro molecules can be loaded with different physicochemical properties. Various in vitro models are used to test the mucoadhesive properties of mucosomes. The presence of functional glycans is indicated by the interaction with lectins. Mucosomes are proven to be storable at 4 °C after lyophilization, and administration through a nasal spray does not modify the morphology of the mucosomes. In vitro and in vivo tests indicate mucosomes do not induce adverse effects under the investigated conditions. This study proposes mucosomes as a ground-breaking nanosystem that can be applied in several pathological contexts, especially in mucus-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Butnarasu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science University of Turin via Quarello 15 Torino 10135 Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Francesco Bracotti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science University of Turin via Quarello 15 Torino 10135 Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM) Centre for Health Technologies (CHT) UdR INSTM University of Pavia Pavia 27100 Italy
- Medicina Clinica‐Specialistica UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie ICS Maugeri IRCCS Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guagliano
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 Torino 10123 Italy
| | - Ettore Sansone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 Torino 10123 Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science University of Turin via Quarello 15 Torino 10135 Italy
| | - Sonja Visentin
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science University of Turin via Quarello 15 Torino 10135 Italy
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9
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Napolitano A, Schiavi S, La Rosa P, Rossi-Espagnet MC, Petrillo S, Bottino F, Tagliente E, Longo D, Lupi E, Casula L, Valeri G, Piemonte F, Trezza V, Vicari S. Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Diagnostic, Neurobiological, and Behavioral Features. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:889636. [PMID: 35633791 PMCID: PMC9136002 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.889636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a worldwide prevalence of about 1%, characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, repetitive patterns of behaviors, and can be associated with hyper- or hypo-reactivity of sensory stimulation and cognitive disability. ASD comorbid features include internalizing and externalizing symptoms such as anxiety, depression, hyperactivity, and attention problems. The precise etiology of ASD is still unknown and it is undoubted that the disorder is linked to some extent to both genetic and environmental factors. It is also well-documented and known that one of the most striking and consistent finding in ASD is the higher prevalence in males compared to females, with around 70% of ASD cases described being males. The present review looked into the most significant studies that attempted to investigate differences in ASD males and females thus trying to shade some light on the peculiar characteristics of this prevalence in terms of diagnosis, imaging, major autistic-like behavior and sex-dependent uniqueness. The study also discussed sex differences found in animal models of ASD, to provide a possible explanation of the neurological mechanisms underpinning the different presentation of autistic symptoms in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Napolitano
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Schiavi
- Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Science Department, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Rossi-Espagnet
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- NESMOS, Neuroradiology Department, S. Andrea Hospital Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Head Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Neuroscience Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bottino
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tagliente
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Longo
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lupi
- Head Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Neuroscience Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Casula
- Head Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Neuroscience Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valeri
- Head Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Neuroscience Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Science Department, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Neuroscience Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Life Sciences and Public Health Department, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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10
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Allocco AL, Bertino F, Petrillo S, Chiabrando D, Riganti C, Bardelli A, Altruda F, Fiorito V, Tolosano E. Inhibition of Heme Export and/or Heme Synthesis Potentiates Metformin Anti-Proliferative Effect on Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051230. [PMID: 35267538 PMCID: PMC8908972 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor initiation and progression are sustained by the ability of the cancer cell to reshape its metabolism in a way that favors cell proliferation and survival. Recently, it was shown that heme metabolism contributes to metabolic adaptation of tumor cell and that interfering with heme homeostasis reduces tumor cell growth. Here, we show that the alteration of heme metabolism, either by RNA-interference or pharmacological approaches, increases the sensitivity of tumor cell lines to the antitumor agent metformin. These findings strengthen the concept of targeting heme metabolism to counteract tumor progression. Abstract Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Beyond standard therapeutic options, whose effectiveness is often reduced by drug resistance, repurposing of the antidiabetic drug metformin appears promising. Heme metabolism plays a pivotal role in the control of metabolic adaptations that sustain cancer cell proliferation. Recently, we demonstrated the existence of a functional axis between the heme synthetic enzyme ALAS1 and the heme exporter FLVCR1a exploited by cancer cells to down-modulate oxidative metabolism. In colorectal cancer cell lines, the inhibition of heme synthesis-export system was associated with reduced proliferation and survival. Here, we aim to assess whether the inhibition of the heme synthesis-export system affects the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to metformin. Our data demonstrate that the inhibition of this system, either by blocking heme efflux with a FLVCR1a specific shRNA or by inhibiting heme synthesis with 5-aminolevulinic acid, improves metformin anti-proliferative effect on colorectal cancer cell lines. In addition, we demonstrated that the same effect can be obtained in other kinds of cancer cell lines. Our study provides an in vitro proof of concept of the possibility to target heme metabolism in association with metformin to counteract cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lucia Allocco
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.L.A.); (F.B.); (S.P.); (D.C.); (F.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Francesca Bertino
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.L.A.); (F.B.); (S.P.); (D.C.); (F.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.L.A.); (F.B.); (S.P.); (D.C.); (F.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Deborah Chiabrando
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.L.A.); (F.B.); (S.P.); (D.C.); (F.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy;
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, TO, Italy;
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.L.A.); (F.B.); (S.P.); (D.C.); (F.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Veronica Fiorito
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.L.A.); (F.B.); (S.P.); (D.C.); (F.A.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6706-423
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.L.A.); (F.B.); (S.P.); (D.C.); (F.A.); (E.T.)
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11
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Petrillo S, Genova T, Chinigò G, Roato I, Scarpellino G, Kopecka J, Altruda F, Tolosano E, Riganti C, Mussano F, Munaron L. Endothelial Cells Promote Osteogenesis by Establishing a Functional and Metabolic Coupling With Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Physiol 2022; 12:813547. [PMID: 35087424 PMCID: PMC8787057 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.813547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation involves a complex crosstalk between endothelial cells (EC) and osteodifferentiating stem cells. This functional interplay is greatly mediated by the paracrine and autocrine action of soluble factors released at the vasculature-bone interface. This study elucidates the molecular and functional responses triggered by this intimate interaction. In this study, we showed that human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) induced the expression of pro-angiogenic factors in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and sustain their osteo-differentiation at the same time. In contrast, osteodifferentiating SHED increased EC recruitment and promoted the formation of complex vascular networks. Moreover, HMEC enhanced anaerobic glycolysis in proliferating SHED without compromising their ability to undergo the oxidative metabolic shift required for adequate osteo-differentiation. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic cooperation between EC and stem cells during bone tissue renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Chinigò
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Roato
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Scarpellino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Mussano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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12
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Schiavi S, La Rosa P, Petrillo S, Carbone E, D'Amico J, Piemonte F, Trezza V. N-Acetylcysteine Mitigates Social Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Autism Normalizing Glutathione Imbalance and the Altered Expression of Genes Related to Synaptic Function in Specific Brain Areas. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:851679. [PMID: 35280167 PMCID: PMC8916240 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.851679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) is a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in humans and it induces autistic-like behaviors in rodents. Imbalances between GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission and increased oxidative stress together with altered glutathione (GSH) metabolism have been hypothesized to play a role in both VPA-induced embriotoxicity and in human ASD. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant precursor of glutathione and a modulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission that has been tested in ASD, although the clinical studies currently available provided controversial results. Here, we explored the effects of repeated NAC (150 mg/kg) administration on core autistic-like features and altered brain GSH metabolism in the VPA (500 mg/kg) rat model of ASD. Furthermore, we measured the mRNA expression of genes encoding for scaffolding and transcription regulation proteins, as well as the subunits of NMDA and AMPA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors mGLUR1 and mGLUR5 in brain areas that are relevant to ASD. NAC administration ameliorated the social deficit displayed by VPA-exposed rats in the three-chamber test, but not their stereotypic behavior in the hole board test. Furthermore, NAC normalized the altered GSH levels displayed by these animals in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, and it partially rescued the altered expression of post-synaptic terminal network genes found in VPA-exposed rats, such as NR2a, MGLUR5, GLUR1, and GLUR2 in nucleus accumbens, and CAMK2, NR1, and GLUR2 in cerebellum. These data indicate that NAC treatment selectively mitigates the social dysfunction displayed by VPA-exposed rats normalizing GSH imbalance and reestablishing the expression of genes related to synaptic function in a brain region-specific manner. Taken together, these data contribute to clarify the behavioral impact of NAC in ASD and the molecular mechanisms that underlie its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schiavi
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Carbone
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica D'Amico
- Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
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13
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Abstract
Significance: Liver fibrosis results from different etiologies and represents one of the most serious health issues worldwide. Fibrosis is the outcome of chronic insults on the liver and is associated with several factors, including abnormal iron metabolism. Recent Advances: Multiple mechanisms underlying the profibrogenic role of iron have been proposed. The pivotal role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in iron-level regulation, as well as their morphological and molecular dedifferentiation occurring in liver fibrosis, has encouraged research on LSECs as prime regulators of very early fibrotic events. Importantly, normal differentiated LSECs may act as gatekeepers of fibrogenesis by maintaining the quiescence of hepatic stellate cells, while LSECs capillarization precedes the onset of liver fibrosis. Critical Issues: In the present review, the morphological and molecular alterations occurring in LSECs after liver injury are addressed in an attempt to highlight how vascular dysfunction promotes fibrogenesis. In particular, we discuss in depth how a vicious loop can be established in which iron dysregulation and LSEC dedifferentiation synergize to exacerbate and promote the progression of liver fibrosis. Future Directions: LSECs, due to their pivotal role in early liver fibrosis and iron homeostasis, show great promises as a therapeutic target. In particular, new strategies can be devised for restoring LSECs differentiation and thus their role as regulators of iron homeostasis, hence preventing the progression of liver fibrosis or, even better, promoting its regression. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 474-486.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Manco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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14
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Petrillo S, Pietrafusa N, Trivisano M, Calabrese C, Saura F, Gallo MG, Bertini ES, Vigevano F, Specchio N, Piemonte F. Imbalance of Systemic Redox Biomarkers in Children with Epilepsy: Role of Ferroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081267. [PMID: 34439515 PMCID: PMC8389337 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess if ferroptosis, a new type of programmed cell death accompanied by iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion, occurs in children with epilepsy, and in order to identify a panel of biomarkers useful for patient stratification and innovative-targeted therapies, we measured ferroptosis biomarkers in blood from 83 unrelated children with a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy and 44 age-matched controls. We found a marked dysregulation of three ferroptosis key markers: a consistent increase of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), the main by-product of lipid peroxidation, a significant decrease of glutathione (GSH) levels, and a partial inactivation of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the mediator of lipid peroxides detoxification. Furthermore, we found a significant increase of NAPDH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in the blood of children, supporting this enzyme as a primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in epilepsy. Additionally, since the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) induction protects the brain from epileptic seizure damage, we also evaluated the NRF2 expression in the blood of children. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory transcription factor was activated in patients, although not enough to re-establish a correct redox homeostasis for counteracting ferroptosis. Ferroptosis-mediated oxidative damage has been proposed as an emergent mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Overall, our study confirms a crucial role for ferroptosis in epilepsy, leading to the identification of a panel of biomarkers useful to find new therapeutic targets. Developing innovative drugs, which act by inhibiting the ferroptosis signaling axis, may represent a promising strategy for new anti-seizure medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.G.G.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Nicola Pietrafusa
- Rare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (M.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Rare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (M.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Costanza Calabrese
- Rare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (M.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesca Saura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Giovanna Gallo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.G.G.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.G.G.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Epilepsies EpiCARE, Piazza S. Onforio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Epilepsies EpiCARE, Piazza S. Onforio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.G.G.); (E.S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-6859-2102
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15
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Petrillo S, Cantelmo AR, Genova T, Munaron L. Editorial: Mechanisms of Vessel Development: From a Primitive Draft to a Mature Vasculature. Front Physiol 2021; 12:725531. [PMID: 34335315 PMCID: PMC8322619 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.725531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cantelmo
- University Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Lille, France
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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16
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Fiorito V, Allocco AL, Petrillo S, Gazzano E, Torretta S, Marchi S, Destefanis F, Pacelli C, Audrito V, Provero P, Medico E, Chiabrando D, Porporato PE, Cancelliere C, Bardelli A, Trusolino L, Capitanio N, Deaglio S, Altruda F, Pinton P, Cardaci S, Riganti C, Tolosano E. The heme synthesis-export system regulates the tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and oxidative phosphorylation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109252. [PMID: 34133926 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-containing porphyrin of vital importance for cell energetic metabolism. High rates of heme synthesis are commonly observed in proliferating cells. Moreover, the cell-surface heme exporter feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor 1a (FLVCR1a) is overexpressed in several tumor types. However, the reasons why heme synthesis and export are enhanced in highly proliferating cells remain unknown. Here, we illustrate a functional axis between heme synthesis and heme export: heme efflux through the plasma membrane sustains heme synthesis, and implementation of the two processes down-modulates the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux and oxidative phosphorylation. Conversely, inhibition of heme export reduces heme synthesis and promotes the TCA cycle fueling and flux as well as oxidative phosphorylation. These data indicate that the heme synthesis-export system modulates the TCA cycle and oxidative metabolism and provide a mechanistic basis for the observation that both processes are enhanced in cells with high-energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Fiorito
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Allocco
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Torretta
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Destefanis
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Valentina Audrito
- Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Omics Sciences, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - Enzo Medico
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Deborah Chiabrando
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Ettore Porporato
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Cardaci
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Canullo L, Genova T, Petrillo S, Masuda K, Tanaka K, Mussano F. Bioactivation of Bovine Bone Matrix and Collagen Scaffold Using Argon Plasma: In Vitro Study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2021; 36:242-247. [PMID: 33909713 DOI: 10.11607/jomi.8336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone graft materials and soft tissue allografts are widely used in clinical practice to counteract physiologic postextraction site tridimensional shrinkage. The aim of this study was to test if plasma of argon treatment could have a bioactivation effect on hard and soft tissue scaffolds in clinical usage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight bovine bone matrix and porcine collagen samples were subdivided into two groups (test and control) of 12 samples each. The test group was treated with argon plasma (10 W, 1 bar for 12 minutes), while the control group was left untreated. Immediate cell adhesion and a proliferation assay at 72 hours were performed in the perfusion chamber of a bioreactor. Additionally, micro-CT analysis was performed on the treated and untreated scaffolds, before and after soaking in cell culture medium (four samples). RESULTS Osteoblasts seeded on plasma-treated bone matrix significantly increased the adhesion level compared with the untreated sample (43,144.3 ± 12,442.9 vs 21,736 ± 77,27.1; P = .0083). However, 3-day proliferation tests could not achieve significant differences between groups (105,715.5 ± 21,751.5 vs 107,108.6 ± 19,343.4; P = .998). No differences were measured on fibroblast adhesion on the collagen matrix in both conditions. Plasma of argon treatment and soaking in cell culture medium did not affect the bone matrix samples. The structure of collagen matrix samples was unaltered after plasma treatment, but became enlarged after soaking. CONCLUSION Plasma of argon may be useful to biofunctionalize bone grafts, although benefits seemed to disappear after 3 days. No biologic response was detected on collagen matrix scaffolds. In vivo studies are needed to draw final clinical conclusions.
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Genova T, Cavagnetto D, Tasinato F, Petrillo S, Ruffinatti FA, Mela L, Carossa M, Munaron L, Roato I, Mussano F. Isolation and Characterization of Buccal Fat Pad and Dental Pulp MSCs from the Same Donor. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030265. [PMID: 33800030 PMCID: PMC7999167 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be harvested from different sites in the oral cavity, representing a reservoir of cells useful for regenerative purposes. As direct comparisons between at least two types of MSCs deriving from the same patient are surprisingly rare in scientific literature, we isolated and investigated the osteoinductive potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and buccal fat pad stem cells (BFPSCs). MSCs were isolated from the third molar dental pulp and buccal fat pads of 12 patients. The number of viable cells was quantified through manual count. Proliferation and osteodifferentiation assays, flow cytometry analysis of cell phenotypes, and osteocalcin release in vitro were performed. The isolation of BFPSCs and DPSCs was successful in 7 out of 12 (58%) and 3 out of 12 (25%) of retrieved samples, respectively. The yield of cells expressing typical stem cell markers and the level of proliferation were higher in BFPSCs than in DPSCs. Both BFP-SCs and DPSCs differentiated into osteoblast-like cells and were able to release a mineralized matrix. The release of osteocalcin, albeit greater for BFPSCs, did not show any significant difference between BFPSCs and DPSCs. The yield of MSCs depends on their site of origin as well as on the protocol adopted for their isolation. Our data show that BFP is a valuable source for the derivation of MSCs that can be used for regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (L.M.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.T.); (L.M.); (M.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Davide Cavagnetto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.T.); (L.M.); (M.C.); (I.R.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabio Tasinato
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.T.); (L.M.); (M.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Luca Mela
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.T.); (L.M.); (M.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Massimo Carossa
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.T.); (L.M.); (M.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Ilaria Roato
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.T.); (L.M.); (M.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Federico Mussano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.T.); (L.M.); (M.C.); (I.R.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (F.M.)
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Petrillo S, Santoro M, La Rosa P, Perna A, Gallo MG, Bertini ES, Silvestri G, Piemonte F. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Activation Might Mitigate Clinical Symptoms in Friedreich's Ataxia: Clues of an "Out-Brain Origin" of the Disease From a Family Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:638810. [PMID: 33708070 PMCID: PMC7940825 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.638810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is the most frequent autosomal recessive ataxia in western countries, with a mean age of onset at 10–15 years. Patients manifest progressive cerebellar and sensory ataxia, dysarthria, lower limb pyramidal weakness, and other systemic manifestations. Previously, we described a family displaying two expanded GAA alleles not only in the proband affected by late-onset FRDA but also in the two asymptomatic family members: the mother and the younger sister. Both of them showed a significant reduction of frataxin levels, without any disease manifestation. Here, we analyzed if a protective mechanism might contribute to modulate the phenotype in this family. We particularly focused on the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), the first line of antioxidant defense in cells, and on the glutathione (GSH) system, an index of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification ability. Our findings show a great reactivity of the GSH system to the frataxin deficiency, particularly in the asymptomatic mother, where the genes of GSH synthesis [glutamate–cysteine ligase (GCL)] and GSSG detoxification [GSH S-reductase (GSR)] were highly responsive. The GSR was activated even in the asymptomatic sister and in the proband, reflecting the need of buffering the GSSG increase. Furthermore, and contrasting the NRF2 expression documented in FRDA tissues, NRF2 was highly activated in the mother and in the younger sister, while it was constitutively low in the proband. This suggests that, also under frataxin depletion, the endogenous stimulation of NRF2 in asymptomatic FRDA subjects may contribute to protect against the progressive oxidative damage, helping to prevent the onset of neurological symptoms and highlighting an “out-brain origin” of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Perna
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Gallo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Silvestri
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,UOC of Neurology, Area of Neuroscience, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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20
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Chiabrando D, Fiorito V, Petrillo S, Bertino F, Tolosano E. HEME: a neglected player in nociception? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:124-136. [PMID: 33545213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of pain, current management of pain syndromes is still unsatisfactory. The recent discovery of novel pathways associated with pain insensitivity in humans represents a unique opportunity to improve our knowledge on the pathophysiology of pain. Heme metabolism recently emerged as a crucial regulator of nociception. Of note, alteration of heme metabolism has been associated with pain insensitivity as well as with acute and chronic pain in porphyric neuropathy and hemolytic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms linking heme to the pain pathways still remain unclear. The review focuses on the major heme-regulated processes relevant for sensory neurons' maintenance, peripheral and central sensitization as well as for pain comorbidities, like anxiety and depression. By discussing the body of knowledge on the topic, we provide a novel perspective on the molecular mechanisms linking heme to nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chiabrando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Veronica Fiorito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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21
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La Rosa P, Petrillo S, Fiorenza MT, Bertini ES, Piemonte F. Ferroptosis in Friedreich's Ataxia: A Metal-Induced Neurodegenerative Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111551. [PMID: 33202971 PMCID: PMC7696618 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, arising from the accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species when glutathione-dependent repair systems are compromised. Lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial impairment and iron dyshomeostasis are the hallmark of ferroptosis, which is emerging as a crucial player in neurodegeneration. This review provides an analysis of the most recent advances in ferroptosis, with a special focus on Friedreich's Ataxia (FA), the most common autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease, caused by reduced levels of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron-sulfur cluster synthesis and antioxidant defenses. The hypothesis is that the iron-induced oxidative damage accumulates over time in FA, lowering the ferroptosis threshold and leading to neuronal cell death and, at last, to cardiac failure. The use of anti-ferroptosis drugs combined with treatments able to activate the antioxidant response will be of paramount importance in FA therapy, such as in many other neurodegenerative diseases triggered by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.L.R.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.L.R.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (E.S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-6859-2102
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22
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Marioli C, Magliocca V, Petrini S, Niceforo A, Borghi R, Petrillo S, La Rosa P, Colasuonno F, Persichini T, Piemonte F, Massey K, Tartaglia M, Moreno S, Bertini E, Compagnucci C. Antioxidant Amelioration of Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency in Motoneurons Derived from Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7402. [PMID: 33036493 PMCID: PMC7582490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key element in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD). This is a rare, childhood-onset disease characterized by motoneuron degeneration and caused by mutations in SLC52A2 and SLC52A3, encoding riboflavin (RF) transporters (RFVT2 and RFVT3, respectively), resulting in muscle weakness, ponto-bulbar paralysis and sensorineural deafness. Based on previous findings, which document the contribution of oxidative stress in RTD pathogenesis, we tested possible beneficial effects of several antioxidants (Vitamin C, Idebenone, Coenzyme Q10 and EPI-743, either alone or in combination with RF) on the morphology and function of neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from two RTD patients. To identify possible improvement of the neuronal morphotype, neurite length was measured by confocal microscopy after β-III tubulin immunofluorescent staining. Neuronal function was evaluated by determining superoxide anion generation by MitoSOX assay and intracellular calcium (Ca2+) levels, using the Fluo-4 probe. Among the antioxidants tested, EPI-743 restored the redox status, improved neurite length and ameliorated intracellular calcium influx into RTD motoneurons. In conclusion, we suggest that antioxidant supplementation may have a role in RTD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marioli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Valentina Magliocca
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (T.P.)
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessia Niceforo
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (E.B.)
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rossella Borghi
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (E.B.)
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fiorella Colasuonno
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (M.T.)
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Persichini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Keith Massey
- Science Director, Cure RTD Foundation, 6228 Northaven Rd., Dallas, TX 75230, USA;
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (M.T.)
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Santoro M, Perna A, La Rosa P, Petrillo S, Piemonte F, Rossi S, Riso V, Nicoletti TF, Modoni A, Pomponi MG, Chiurazzi P, Silvestri G. Compound heterozygosity for an expanded (GAA) and a (GAAGGA) repeat at FXN locus: from a diagnostic pitfall to potential clues to the pathogenesis of Friedreich ataxia. Neurogenetics 2020; 21:279-287. [PMID: 32638185 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-020-00620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is usually due to a homozygous GAA expansion in intron 1 of the frataxin (FXN) gene. Rarely, uncommon molecular rearrangements at the FXN locus can cause pitfalls in the molecular diagnosis of FRDA. Here we describe a family whose proband was affected by late-onset Friedreich's ataxia (LOFA); long-range PCR (LR-PCR) documented two small expanded GAA alleles both in the proband and in her unaffected younger sister, who therefore received a diagnosis of pre-symptomatic LOFA. Later studies, however, revealed that the proband's unaffected sister, as well as their healthy mother, were both carriers of an expanded GAA allele and an uncommon (GAAGGA)66-67 repeat mimicking a GAA expansion at the LR-PCR that was the cause of the wrong initial diagnosis of pre-symptomatic LOFA. Extensive studies in tissues from all the family members, including LR-PCR, assessment of methylation status of FXN locus, MboII restriction analysis and direct sequencing of LR-PCR products, analysis of FXN mRNA, and frataxin protein expression, support the virtual lack of pathogenicity of the rare (GAAGGA)66-67 repeat, also providing significant data about the modulation of epigenetic modifications at the FXN locus. Overall, this report highlights a rare but possible pitfall in FRDA molecular diagnosis, emphasizing the need of further analysis in case of discrepancy between clinical and molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Santoro
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Piazzale Morandi, 6, 20121, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Perna
- Dept of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Scaro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 000168, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo, 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo, 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo, 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rossi
- Dept of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Scaro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 000168, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Riso
- Dept of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Scaro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 000168, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurology, Neuroscience Area, Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippo Nicoletti
- Dept of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Scaro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 000168, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurology, Neuroscience Area, Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Modoni
- Institute of Neurology, Neuroscience Area, Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Pomponi
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Silvestri
- Dept of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Scaro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 000168, Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Neurology, Neuroscience Area, Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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Genova T, Petrillo S, Zicola E, Roato I, Ferracini R, Tolosano E, Altruda F, Carossa S, Mussano F, Munaron L. The crosstalk between osteodifferentiating stem cells and endothelial cells promotes angiogenesis and bone formation. Vascul Pharmacol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Santoro A, Petrillo S, Nijhawan P, Gallo MG, Brugaletta R, Gilardi F, Mastroianni C, Piemonte F, Zaffina S. Tuberculosis latent infection in health care workers: oxidative stress and Quantiferon-TB Plus. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study moves from recent evidences highlighting: 1) the high sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) to perturbation of redox homeostasis induced by oxidative stress; 2) the improvement of Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis following the introduction of Quantiferon-TB Plus (QFT-Plus) assay.
Methods
The QFT-Plus diagnostic performance and the blood antioxidant capacity, expressed as ratio between oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) forms of glutathione, were determined on three selected populations (40 Health care workers (HCWs) controls, 63 latent TB HCWs, 8 active TB patients). Quantitative Real Time PCR analysis on leukocytes of active TB patients was also performed, in order to identify “redox profiles” of genes mainly involved in the antioxidant response.
Results
1) The glutathione homeostasis was shifted towards an oxidative status in active TB patients respect to controls, as evidenced by the significant decrease of the ratio between free and total GSH, an indirect index of oxidative stress. More reducing conditions were observed in latent TB subjects. 2) The expression profiles of antioxidant genes confirmed the major susceptibility of active TB patients to oxidative stress compared to controls, and highlighted a great individual variability. 3) The diagnostic performance of QFT-Plus test present a moderate concordance with QFT-GIT one, in this preliminary phase.
Conclusions
Glutathione has anti-mycobacterial effects in its reduced form GSH, thus the quantification of Free/Total GSH ratio may represent a systemic marker of TB infection and be useful in developing combined therapies. Moreover, the identification of personalized redox profiles will additionally provide an individual antioxidant response to the infection.
This project was funded by the Ministry of Health (RF 2016)
Key messages
LTBI management represents an objective of primary importance in the field of occupational medicine in order to define a personalized prevention in HCW. A new approach that combines biochemical determinations of redox biomarkers and gene expression in blood will be a novel biomarkers of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santoro
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S Petrillo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - P Nijhawan
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Infectious Disease Unit, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - M G Gallo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - R Brugaletta
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - F Gilardi
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - C Mastroianni
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Infectious Disease Unit, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - F Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Petrillo S, Carrà G, Bottino P, Zanotto E, De Santis MC, Margaria JP, Giorgio A, Mandili G, Martini M, Cavallo R, Barberio D, Altruda F. A Novel Multiplex qRT-PCR Assay to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection: High Sensitivity and Increased Testing Capacity. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071064. [PMID: 32708870 PMCID: PMC7409169 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive screening of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential to limit the spread of the global pandemic we are facing. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is currently used for the clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection using nasopharyngeal swabs, tracheal aspirates, or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. Despite the high sensitivity of the qRT-PCR method, false negative outcomes might occur, especially in patients with a low viral load. Here, we developed a multiplex qRT-PCR methodology for the simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 genome (N gene) and of the human RNAse P gene as internal control. We found that multiplex qRT-PCR was effective in detecting SARS-Cov-2 infection in human specimens with 100% sensitivity. Notably, patients with few copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (<5 copies/reaction) were successfully detected by the novel multiplex qRT-PCR method. Finally, we assessed the efficacy of multiplex qRT-PCR on human nasopharyngeal swabs without RNA extraction. Collectively, our results provide evidence of a novel and reliable tool for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in human specimens, which allows the testing capacity to be expanded and the RNA extraction step to be bypassed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.C.D.S.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.); (F.A.)
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.B.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Paolo Bottino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Città della Salute e della Scienza”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (P.B.); (E.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Elisa Zanotto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Città della Salute e della Scienza”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (P.B.); (E.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.C.D.S.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.); (F.A.)
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.C.D.S.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.); (F.A.)
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Alessandro Giorgio
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Giorgia Mandili
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.C.D.S.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.); (F.A.)
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Città della Salute e della Scienza”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (P.B.); (E.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Davide Barberio
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.C.D.S.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.); (F.A.)
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.G.); (G.M.); (D.B.)
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La Rosa P, Petrillo S, Bertini ES, Piemonte F. Oxidative Stress in DNA Repeat Expansion Disorders: A Focus on NRF2 Signaling Involvement. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050702. [PMID: 32369911 PMCID: PMC7277112 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repeat expansion disorders are a group of neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases that arise from the inheritance of long tracts of nucleotide repetitions, located in the regulatory region, introns, or inside the coding sequence of a gene. Although loss of protein expression and/or the gain of function of its transcribed mRNA or translated product represent the major pathogenic effect of these pathologies, mitochondrial dysfunction and imbalance in redox homeostasis are reported as common features in these disorders, deeply affecting their severity and progression. In this review, we examine the role that the redox imbalance plays in the pathological mechanisms of DNA expansion disorders and the recent advances on antioxidant treatments, particularly focusing on the expression and the activity of the transcription factor NRF2, the main cellular regulator of the antioxidant response.
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Canullo L, Genova T, Gross Trujillo E, Pradies G, Petrillo S, Muzzi M, Carossa S, Mussano F. Fibroblast Interaction with Different Abutment Surfaces: In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061919. [PMID: 32168919 PMCID: PMC7139398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Attaining an effective mucosal attachment to the transmucosal part of the implant could protect the peri-implant bone. Aim: To evaluate if chair side surface treatments (plasma of Argon and ultraviolet light) may affect fibroblast adhesion on different titanium surfaces designed for soft tissue healing. Methods: Grade 5 titanium discs with four different surface topographies were subdivided into 3 groups: argon-plasma; ultraviolet light, and no treatment. Cell morphology and adhesion tests were performed at 20 min, 24 h, and 72 h. Results: Qualitative observation of the surfaces performed at the SEM was in accordance with the anticipated features. Roughness values ranged from smooth (MAC Sa = 0.2) to very rough (XA Sa = 21). At 20 min, all the untreated surfaces presented hemispherical cells with reduced filopodia, while the cells on treated samples were more spread with broad lamellipodia. However, these differences in spreading behavior disappeared at 24 h and 72 h. Argon-plasma, but not UV, significantly increased the number of fibroblasts independently of the surface type but only at 20 min. Statistically, there was no surface in combination with a treatment that favored a greater cellular adhesion. Conclusions: Data showed potential biological benefits of treating implant abutment surfaces with the plasma of argon in relation to early-stage cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Canullo
- Private Practice, Via Nizza, 46, 00198 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-347-6201-976
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- CIR Dental School—Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Esperanza Gross Trujillo
- Department of Buccofacial Prosthesis, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Guillermo Pradies
- Department of Buccofacial Prosthesis, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Rome III, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Muzzi
- Department of Science, University of Rome III, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Carossa
- CIR Dental School—Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Federico Mussano
- CIR Dental School—Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.)
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Abstract
Heme, an iron-containing porphyrin, is of vital importance for cells due to its involvement in several biological processes, including oxygen transport, energy production and drug metabolism. Besides these vital functions, heme also bears toxic properties and, therefore, the amount of heme inside the cells must be tightly regulated. Similarly, heme intake from dietary sources is strictly controlled to meet body requirements. The multifaceted nature of heme renders it a best candidate molecule exploited/controlled by tumor cells in order to modulate their energetic metabolism, to interact with the microenvironment and to sustain proliferation and survival. The present review summarizes the literature on heme and cancer, emphasizing the importance to consider heme as a prominent player in different aspects of tumor onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Fiorito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Deborah Chiabrando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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30
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Petrillo S, Schirinzi T, Di Lazzaro G, D'Amico J, Colona VL, Bertini E, Pierantozzi M, Mari L, Mercuri NB, Piemonte F, Pisani A. Systemic Activation of Nrf2 Pathway in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2019; 35:180-184. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(I.R.C.C.S.) Rome Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(I.R.C.C.S.) Rome Italy
- Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
| | - Jessica D'Amico
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(I.R.C.C.S.) Rome Italy
| | - Vito L. Colona
- Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(I.R.C.C.S.) Rome Italy
| | | | - Luisa Mari
- Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
- Fondazione Santa Lucia I.R.C.C.S Rome Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(I.R.C.C.S.) Rome Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
- Fondazione Santa Lucia I.R.C.C.S Rome Italy
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31
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Salvatore G, Longo UG, Candela V, Berton A, Migliorini F, Petrillo S, Ambrogioni LR, Denaro V. Epidemiology of rotator cuff surgery in Italy: regional variation in access to health care. Results from a 14-year nationwide registry. Musculoskelet Surg 2019; 104:329-335. [PMID: 31659710 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-019-00625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rotator cuff (RC) disease is frequent and represents a common source of shoulder pain. The aim of this study is to analyse geographical differences in RC surgeries from 2001 to 2014 in Italy, a country with universal and free health care for its population. METHODS An analysis of the Italian National Hospital Discharge records from 2001 to 2014 was performed. These data are anonymous and include patient's age, sex, domicile, region of hospitalization, length of the hospitalization and type of reimbursement (public or private). National and regional population data were obtained from the National Institute for Statistics (ISTAT) for each year. RESULTS During the 14-year study period, 390,001 RC repairs were performed in Italy, which represented a mean incidence of 62.1 RC procedures for every 100,000 Italian inhabitants. Nevertheless, the incidence was very different if every single regional population is considered individually. Lombardy resulted to have the highest number of surgeries during the 14-year study period, with 27.95% (108,954) of the total national procedures performed in the 2001-2014 time span. More than half the surgeries (52.00%) were performed in only 3 regions of the northern part of Italy. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the existence of geographical disparities in access to RC surgery and patients' necessity to migrate among regions in order to obtain it. Southern regions of Italy are characterized by a lower number of surgeries compared to the northern part of Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Salvatore
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro Del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - U G Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro Del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - V Candela
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro Del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - A Berton
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro Del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - F Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro Del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - S Petrillo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro Del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - L R Ambrogioni
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro Del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - V Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro Del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
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32
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Petrillo S, D'Amico J, La Rosa P, Bertini ES, Piemonte F. Targeting NRF2 for the Treatment of Friedreich's Ataxia: A Comparison among Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5211. [PMID: 31640150 PMCID: PMC6829337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
NRF2 (Nuclear factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2) signaling is impaired in Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive disease characterized by progressive nervous system damage and degeneration of nerve fibers in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. The loss of frataxin in patients results in iron sulfur cluster deficiency and iron accumulation in the mitochondria, making FRDA a fatal and debilitating condition. There are no currently approved therapies for the treatment of FRDA and molecules able to activate NRF2 have the potential to induce clinical benefits in patients. In this study, we compared the efficacy of six redox-active drugs, some already adopted in clinical trials, targeting NRF2 activation and frataxin expression in fibroblasts obtained from skin biopsies of FRDA patients. All of these drugs consistently increased NRF2 expression, but differential profiles of NRF2 downstream genes were activated. The Sulforaphane and N-acetylcysteine were particularly effective on genes involved in preventing inflammation and maintaining glutathione homeostasis, the dimethyl fumarate, omaxevolone, and EPI-743 in counteracting toxic products accumulation, the idebenone in mitochondrial protection. This study may contribute to develop synergic therapies, based on a combination of treatment molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Jessica D'Amico
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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33
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Genova T, Petrillo S, Zicola E, Roato I, Ferracini R, Tolosano E, Altruda F, Carossa S, Mussano F, Munaron L. The Crosstalk Between Osteodifferentiating Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells Promotes Angiogenesis and Bone Formation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1291. [PMID: 31681005 PMCID: PMC6802576 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergistic crosstalk between osteodifferentiating stem cells and endothelial cells (ECs) gained the deserved consideration, shedding light on the role of angiogenesis for bone formation and healing. A deep understanding of the molecular basis underlying the mutual influence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and ECs in the osteogenic process may help improve greatly bone regeneration. Here, the authors demonstrated that osteodifferentiating MSCs co-cultured with ECs promote angiogenesis and ECs recruitment. Moreover, through the use of 3D co-culture systems, we showed that ECs are in turn able to further stimulate the osteodifferentiation of MSCs, thus enhancing bone production. These findings highlighted the existence of a virtuous loop between MSCs and ECs that is central to the osteogenic process. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms governing the functional interaction MSCs and ECs holds great potential in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, UNITO, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, UNITO, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, UNITO, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Zicola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, UNITO, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Roato
- Center for Research and Medical Studies, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferracini
- Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, UNITO, Turin, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, UNITO, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Carossa
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, UNITO, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Mussano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, UNITO, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, UNITO, Turin, Italy
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34
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La Rosa P, Russo M, D'Amico J, Petrillo S, Aquilano K, Lettieri-Barbato D, Turchi R, Bertini ES, Piemonte F. Nrf2 Induction Re-establishes a Proper Neuronal Differentiation Program in Friedreich's Ataxia Neural Stem Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:356. [PMID: 31417369 PMCID: PMC6685360 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Frataxin deficiency is the pathogenic cause of Friedreich’s Ataxia, an autosomal recessive disease characterized by the increase of oxidative stress and production of free radicals in the cell. Although the onset of the pathology occurs in the second decade of life, cognitive differences and defects in brain structure and functional activation are observed in patients, suggesting developmental defects to take place during fetal neurogenesis. Here, we describe impairments in proliferation, stemness potential and differentiation in neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from the embryonic cortex of the Frataxin Knockin/Knockout mouse, a disease animal model whose slow-evolving phenotype makes it suitable to study pre-symptomatic defects that may manifest before the clinical onset. We demonstrate that enhancing the expression and activity of the antioxidant response master regulator Nrf2 ameliorates the phenotypic defects observed in NSCs, re-establishing a proper differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Russo
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica D'Amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Turchi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico S Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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35
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Scarpellino G, Genova T, Avanzato D, Bernardini M, Bianco S, Petrillo S, Tolosano E, de Almeida Vieira JR, Bussolati B, Fiorio Pla A, Munaron L. Purinergic Calcium Signals in Tumor-Derived Endothelium. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E766. [PMID: 31159426 PMCID: PMC6627696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is particularly enriched with extracellular ATP (eATP), but conflicting evidence has been provided on its functional effects on tumor growth and vascular remodeling. We have previously shown that high eATP concentrations exert a strong anti-migratory, antiangiogenic and normalizing activity on human tumor-derived endothelial cells (TECs). Since both metabotropic and ionotropic purinergic receptors trigger cytosolic calcium increase ([Ca2+]c), the present work investigated the properties of [Ca2+]c events elicited by high eATP in TECs and their role in anti-migratory activity. In particular, the quantitative and kinetic properties of purinergic-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and Ca2+ entry from extracellular medium were investigated. The main conclusions are: (1) stimulation of TECs with high eATP triggers [Ca2+]c signals which include Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores (mainly ER) and Ca2+ entry through the plasma membrane; (2) the long-lasting Ca2+ influx phase requires both store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and non-SOCE components; (3) SOCE is not significantly involved in the antimigratory effect of high ATP stimulation; (4) ER is the main source for intracellular Ca2+ release by eATP: it is required for the constitutive migratory potential of TECs but is not the only determinant for the inhibitory effect of high eATP; (5) a complex interplay occurs among ER, mitochondria and lysosomes upon purinergic stimulation; (6) high eUTP is unable to inhibit TEC migration and evokes [Ca2+]c signals very similar to those described for eATP. The potential role played by store-independent Ca2+ entry and Ca2+-independent events in the regulation of TEC migration by high purinergic stimula deserves future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarpellino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy.
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy.
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Daniele Avanzato
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Torino, Italy.
| | - Michela Bernardini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy.
| | - Serena Bianco
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Joana Rita de Almeida Vieira
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy.
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy.
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36
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Beneduce E, Matte A, De Falco L, Mbiandjeu S, Chiabrando D, Tolosano E, Federti E, Petrillo S, Mohandas N, Siciliano A, Babu W, Menon V, Ghaffari S, Iolascon A, De Franceschi L. Fyn kinase is a novel modulator of erythropoietin signaling and stress erythropoiesis. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:10-20. [PMID: 30252956 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The signaling cascade induced by the interaction of erythropoietin (EPO) with its receptor (EPO-R) is a key event of erythropoiesis. We present here data indicating that Fyn, a Src-family-kinase, participates in the EPO signaling-pathway, since Fyn-/- mice exhibit reduced Tyr-phosphorylation of EPO-R and decreased STAT5-activity. The importance of Fyn in erythropoiesis is also supported by the blunted responsiveness of Fyn-/- mice to stress erythropoiesis. Fyn-/- mouse erythroblasts adapt to reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating the redox-related-transcription-factor Nrf2. However, since Fyn is a physiologic repressor of Nrf2, absence of Fyn resulted in persistent-activation of Nrf2 and accumulation of nonfunctional proteins. ROS-induced over-activation of Jak2-Akt-mTOR-pathway and repression of autophagy with perturbation of lysosomal-clearance were also noted. Treatment with Rapamycin, a mTOR-inhibitor and autophagy activator, ameliorates Fyn-/- mouse baseline erythropoiesis and erythropoietic response to oxidative-stress. These findings identify a novel multimodal action of Fyn in the regulation of normal and stress erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Matte
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona, AOUI Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Luigia De Falco
- Department of Biochemistry; Federico II University; Naples Italy
| | - Serge Mbiandjeu
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona, AOUI Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Deborah Chiabrando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Enrica Federti
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona, AOUI Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | | | - Angela Siciliano
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona, AOUI Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Wilson Babu
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona, AOUI Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Vijay Menon
- Department of Cell, Development and Regenerative Biology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Saghi Ghaffari
- Department of Cell, Development and Regenerative Biology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Department of Biochemistry; Federico II University; Naples Italy
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37
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Abstract
Heme (iron-protoporphyrin IX) is an essential co-factor involved in several biological processes, including neuronal survival and differentiation. Nevertheless, an excess of free-heme promotes oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, thus leading to cell death. The toxic properties of heme in the brain have been extensively studied during intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhages. Recently, a growing number of neurodegenerative disorders have been associated to alterations of heme metabolism. Hence, the etiology of such diseases remains undefined. The aim of this review is to highlight the neuropathological role of heme and to discuss the major heme-regulated pathways that might be crucial for the survival of neuronal cells. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking heme to neurodegeneration will be important for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chiabrando
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Fiorito
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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38
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Petrillo S, Tolosano E, Munaron L, Genova T. Targeting Metabolism to Counteract Tumor Angiogenesis: A Review of Patent Literature. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2018; 13:422-427. [DOI: 10.2174/1574892813666180528105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Address: via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Address: via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Address: via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Address: via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy
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39
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Merle NS, Grunenwald A, Rajaratnam H, Gnemmi V, Frimat M, Figueres ML, Knockaert S, Bouzekri S, Charue D, Noe R, Robe-Rybkine T, Le-Hoang M, Brinkman N, Gentinetta T, Edler M, Petrillo S, Tolosano E, Miescher S, Le Jeune S, Houillier P, Chauvet S, Rabant M, Dimitrov JD, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Blanc-Brude OP, Roumenina LT. Intravascular hemolysis activates complement via cell-free heme and heme-loaded microvesicles. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96910. [PMID: 29925688 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In hemolytic diseases, such as sickle cell disease (SCD), intravascular hemolysis results in the release of hemoglobin, heme, and heme-loaded membrane microvesicles in the bloodstream. Intravascular hemolysis is thus associated with inflammation and organ injury. Complement system can be activated by heme in vitro. We investigated the mechanisms by which hemolysis and red blood cell (RBC) degradation products trigger complement activation in vivo. In kidney biopsies of SCD nephropathy patients and a mouse model with SCD, we detected tissue deposits of complement C3 and C5b-9. Moreover, drug-induced intravascular hemolysis or injection of heme or hemoglobin in mice triggered C3 deposition, primarily in kidneys. Renal injury markers (Kim-1, NGAL) were attenuated in C3-/- hemolytic mice. RBC degradation products, such as heme-loaded microvesicles and heme, induced alternative and terminal complement pathway activation in sera and on endothelial surfaces, in contrast to hemoglobin. Heme triggered rapid P selectin, C3aR, and C5aR expression and downregulated CD46 on endothelial cells. Importantly, complement deposition was attenuated in vivo and in vitro by heme scavenger hemopexin. In conclusion, we demonstrate that intravascular hemolysis triggers complement activation in vivo, encouraging further studies on its role in SCD nephropathy. Conversely, heme inhibition using hemopexin may provide a novel therapeutic opportunity to limit complement activation in hemolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas S Merle
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 06, Paris France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Grunenwald
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Lille, INSERM, CHRU Lille, Service de pathologie, UMRS 1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France
| | - Helena Rajaratnam
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,SupBiotech Paris, Villejuif, France
| | - Viviane Gnemmi
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHRU Lille, Service de pathologie, UMRS 1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France
| | - Marie Frimat
- INSERM, UMR 995, Lille, France.,CHRU Lille, Service de néphrologie, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Lucile Figueres
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 06, Paris France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Samantha Knockaert
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 06, Paris France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sanah Bouzekri
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Charue
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Paris Center for Cardiovascular Research, INSERM UMRS 970, Paris, France
| | - Remi Noe
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, France
| | - Tania Robe-Rybkine
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 06, Paris France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie Le-Hoang
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Paris Center for Cardiovascular Research, INSERM UMRS 970, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Sara Petrillo
- Department Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Sylvain Le Jeune
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Pascal Houillier
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 06, Paris France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Chauvet
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 06, Paris France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pathologie, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 06, Paris France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 06, Paris France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Olivier P Blanc-Brude
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Paris Center for Cardiovascular Research, INSERM UMRS 970, Paris, France
| | - Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 06, Paris France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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40
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Mussano F, Genova T, Petrillo S, Roato I, Ferracini R, Munaron L. Osteogenic Differentiation Modulates the Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factor Profile of ASCs and SHED. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051454. [PMID: 29757956 PMCID: PMC5983594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Great efforts have been made to improve bone regeneration techniques owing to a growing variety of sources of stem cells suitable for autologous transplants. Specifically, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and stems cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) hold great potential for bone tissue engineering and cell therapy. After a preliminary characterization of the main biomolecules ASCs and SHED released in their conditioned media, cells were kept both in normal and osteo-inducing conditions. Conventional assays were performed to prove their osteogenic potential such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) (for RUNX-2, collagen type I, osteopontin and osteonectin), alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production, and von Kossa staining. Conditioned media were tested again after the osteogenic induction and compared to maintaining condition both at base line and after 14 days of culture. The osteogenic condition inhibited the release of all the biomolecules, with the exception, concerning SHED, of growth-regulated alpha protein precursor (GROα), and, to a lesser extent, interleukin (IL)-8. In conclusion, our data support that undifferentiated ASCs and SHED may be preferable to committed ones for general cell therapy approaches, due to their higher paracrine activity. Osteoinduction significantly affects the cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor profile in a differential way, as SHED kept a more pronounced pro-angiogenic signature than ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Mussano
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences UNITO, via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Tullio Genova
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences UNITO, via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, UNITO, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy.
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, UNITO, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Roato
- Center for Research and Medical Studies, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Ferracini
- Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, UNITO, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy.
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41
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Genova T, Zicola E, Petrillo S, Chiabrando D, Tolosano E, Altruda F, Carossa S, Mussano F, Munaron L. Cross-talk between osteoblastic differentiated mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells in co-culture. Vascul Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Schirinzi T, Vasco G, Zanni G, Petrillo S, Piemonte F, Castelli E, Bertini ES. Serum uric acid in Friedreich Ataxia. Clin Biochem 2018; 54:139-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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43
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Petrillo S, Pelosi L, Piemonte F, Travaglini L, Forcina L, Catteruccia M, Petrini S, Verardo M, D'Amico A, Musarò A, Bertini E. Oxidative stress in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: focus on the NRF2 redox pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:2781-2790. [PMID: 28472288 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked genetic disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene and characterized by progressive, lethal muscle degeneration and chronic inflammation. In this study, we explored the expression and signaling pathway of a master player of the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory response, namely NF-E2-related Factor 2, in muscle biopsies of DMD patients. We classified DMD patients in two age groups (Class I, 0-2 years and Class II, 2-9 years), in order to evaluate the antioxidant pathway expression during the disease progression. We observed that altered enzymatic antioxidant responses, increased levels of oxidized glutathione and oxidative damage are differently modulated in the two age classes of patients and well correlate with the severity of pathology. Interestingly, we also observed a modulation of relevant markers of the inflammatory response, such as heme oxygenase 1 and Inteleukin-6 (IL-6), suggesting a link between oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory response. Of note, using a transgenic mouse model, we demonstrated that IL-6 overexpression parallels the antioxidant expression profile and the severity of dystrophic muscle observed in DMD patients. This study advances our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying DMD and defines the critical role of oxidative stress on muscle wasting with clear implications for disease pathogenesis and therapy in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pelosi
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Travaglini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Forcina
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Catteruccia
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Laboratory of Research, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Verardo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
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44
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Petrillo S, Piermarini E, Pastore A, Vasco G, Schirinzi T, Carrozzo R, Bertini E, Piemonte F. Nrf2-Inducers Counteract Neurodegeneration in Frataxin-Silenced Motor Neurons: Disclosing New Therapeutic Targets for Friedreich's Ataxia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2173. [PMID: 29057804 PMCID: PMC5666854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is actively involved in Friedreich's Ataxia (FA), thus pharmacological targeting of the antioxidant machinery may have therapeutic value. Here, we analyzed the relevance of the antioxidant phase II response mediated by the transcription factor Nrf2 on frataxin-deficient cultured motor neurons and on fibroblasts of patients. The in vitro treatment of the potent Nrf2 activator sulforaphane increased Nrf2 protein levels and led to the upregulation of phase II antioxidant enzymes. The neuroprotective effects were accompanied by an increase in neurites' number and extension. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural compound of many diets and is now being used in clinical trials for other pathologies. Our results provide morphological and biochemical evidence to endorse a neuroprotective strategy that may have therapeutic relevance for FA. The findings of this work reinforce the crucial importance of Nrf2 in FA and provide a rationale for using Nrf2-inducers as pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Piermarini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
- Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
| | - Anna Pastore
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gessica Vasco
- Movement Analysis and Robotics Laboratory (MARLab), Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Via Torre di Palidoro, Passoscuro Fiumicino, 00050 Rome, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Movement Analysis and Robotics Laboratory (MARLab), Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Via Torre di Palidoro, Passoscuro Fiumicino, 00050 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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45
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Vadalà G, Petrillo S, Buschini F, Papalia R, Denaro V. Posterolateral bundle reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament to restore rotational stability of the knee. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:153-158. [PMID: 29188678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Only 5-10% of partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are symptomatic, especially in high demand individuals or in patients practicing sports requiring rotational motions.. A certain preoperative diagnosis of this condition is challenging and often needs the combination of clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and knee-laxity tool measurements. However, the arthroscopic examination of the torn ACL bundle is the most important factor in decision-making. Evidence in various studies have shown that the preservation of the ACL remnant and its surgical augmentation can bring important advantages in terms of vascularity and proprioception, resulting in better outcomes. The purpose of our paper was to describe the surgical technique of arthroscopic posterolateral (PL) bundle reconstruction with the preservation of the anteromedial (AM) bundle for ACL partial tears. Moreover, we reported the current knowledge about rationale, diagnosis and treatment of partial tears of ACL.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vadalà
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Italy
| | - S Petrillo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Italy
| | - F Buschini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Italy
| | - R Papalia
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Italy
| | - V Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Italy
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46
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Herrera Sanchez MB, Previdi S, Bruno S, Fonsato V, Deregibus MC, Kholia S, Petrillo S, Tolosano E, Critelli R, Spada M, Romagnoli R, Salizzoni M, Tetta C, Camussi G. Extracellular vesicles from human liver stem cells restore argininosuccinate synthase deficiency. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:176. [PMID: 28750687 PMCID: PMC5531104 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Argininosuccinate synthase (ASS)1 is a urea cycle enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of citrulline and aspartate to argininosuccinate. Mutations in the ASS1 gene cause citrullinemia type I, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neonatal hyperammonemia, elevated citrulline levels, and early neonatal death. Treatment for this disease is currently restricted to liver transplantation; however, due to limited organ availability, substitute therapies are required. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been reported to act as intercellular transporters carrying genetic information responsible for cell reprogramming. In previous studies, we isolated a population of stem cell-like cells known as human liver stem cells (HLSCs) from healthy liver tissue. Moreover, EVs derived from HLSCs were reported to exhibit regenerative effects on the liver parenchyma in models of acute liver injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether EVs derived from normal HLSCs restored ASS1 enzymatic activity and urea production in hepatocytes differentiated from HLSCs derived from a patient with type I citrullinemia. Methods HLSCs were isolated from the liver of a patient with type I citrullinemia (ASS1-HLSCs) and characterized by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), immunofluorescence, and DNA sequencing analysis. Furthermore, their differentiation capabilities in vitro were also assessed. Hepatocytes differentiated from ASS1-HLSCs were evaluated by the production of urea and ASS enzymatic activity. EVs derived from normal HLSCs were purified by differential ultracentrifugation followed by floating density gradient. The EV content was analyzed to identify the presence of ASS1 protein, mRNA, and ASS1 gene. In order to obtain ASS1-depleted EVs, a knockdown of the ASS1 gene in HLSCs was performed followed by EV isolation from these cells. Results Treating ASS1-HLSCs with EVs from HLSCs restored both ASS1 activity and urea production mainly through the transfer of ASS1 enzyme and mRNA. In fact, EVs from ASS1-knockdown HLSCs contained low amounts of ASS1 mRNA and protein, and were unable to restore urea production in hepatocytes differentiated from ASS1-HLSCs. Conclusions Collectively, these results suggest that EVs derived from normal HLSCs may compensate the loss of ASS1 enzyme activity in hepatocytes differentiated from ASS1-HLSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0628-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz Herrera Sanchez
- 2i3T, Società per la gestione dell'incubatore di imprese e per il trasferimento tecnologico, Scarl University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Fonsato
- 2i3T, Società per la gestione dell'incubatore di imprese e per il trasferimento tecnologico, Scarl University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Deregibus
- 2i3T, Società per la gestione dell'incubatore di imprese e per il trasferimento tecnologico, Scarl University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sharad Kholia
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Rossana Critelli
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Renato Romagnoli
- Liver Transplantation Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Salizzoni
- Liver Transplantation Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, I-10126, Torino, Italy.
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Ingoglia G, Sag CM, Rex N, De Franceschi L, Vinchi F, Cimino J, Petrillo S, Wagner S, Kreitmeier K, Silengo L, Altruda F, Maier LS, Hirsch E, Ghigo A, Tolosano E. Hemopexin counteracts systolic dysfunction induced by heme-driven oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:452-464. [PMID: 28400318 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients affected by different disorders associated to intravascular hemolysis. The leading factor is the presence of pathologic amount of pro-oxidant free heme in the bloodstream, due to the exhaustion of the natural heme scavenger Hemopexin (Hx). Here, we evaluated whether free heme directly affects cardiac function, and tested the therapeutic potential of replenishing serum Hx for increasing serum heme buffering capacity. The effect of heme on cardiac function was assessed in vitro, on primary cardiomyocytes and H9c2 myoblast cell line, and in vivo, in Hx-/- mice and in genetic and acquired mouse models of intravascular hemolysis. Purified Hx or anti-oxidants N-Acetyl-L-cysteine and α-tocopherol were used to counteract heme cardiotoxicity. In mice, Hx loss/depletion resulted in heme accumulation and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the heart, which ultimately led to severe systolic dysfunction. Similarly, high ROS reduced systolic Ca2+ transient amplitudes and fractional shortening in primary cardiomyocytes exposed to free heme. In keeping with these Ca2+ handling alterations, oxidation and CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of Ryanodine Receptor 2 were higher in Hx-/- hearts than in controls. Administration of anti-oxidants prevented systolic failure both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, Hx rescued contraction defects of heme-treated cardiomyocytes and preserved cardiac function in hemolytic mice. We show that heme-mediated oxidative stress perturbs cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis and promotes contractile dysfunction. Scavenging heme, Hx counteracts cardiac heme toxicity and preserves left ventricular function. Our data generate the rationale to consider the therapeutic use of Hx to limit the cardiotoxicity of free heme in hemolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Ingoglia
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Can Martin Sag
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Rex
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Dept. Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona-Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Vinchi
- Heidelberg University Hospital / EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James Cimino
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreitmeier
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Silengo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lars S Maier
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Ingoglia G, Sag CM, Rex N, De Franceschi L, Vinchi F, Cimino J, Petrillo S, Wagner S, Kreitmeier K, Silengo L, Altruda F, Maier LS, Hirsch E, Ghigo A, Tolosano E. Data demonstrating the anti-oxidant role of hemopexin in the heart. Data Brief 2017; 13:69-76. [PMID: 28560284 PMCID: PMC5443894 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled Hemopexin counteracts systolic dysfunction induced by heme-driven oxidative stress (G. Ingoglia, C. M. Sag, N. Rex, L. De Franceschi, F. Vinchi, J. Cimino, S. Petrillo, S. Wagner, K. Kreitmeier, L. Silengo, F. Altruda, L. S. Maier, E. Hirsch, A. Ghigo and E. Tolosano, 2017) [1]. Data show that heme induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in primary cardiomyocytes. H9c2 myoblastic cells treated with heme bound to human Hemopexin (Hx) are protected from heme accumulation and oxidative stress. Similarly, the heme-driven oxidative response is reduced in primary cardiomyocytes treated with Hx-heme compared to heme alone. Our in vivo data show that mouse models of hemolytic disorders, β-thalassemic mice and phenylhydrazine-treated mice, have low serum Hx associated to enhanced expression of heme- and oxidative stress responsive genes in the heart. Hx-/- mice do not show signs of heart fibrosis or overt inflammation. For interpretation and discussion of these data, refer to the research article referenced above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Ingoglia
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Can Martin Sag
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Rex
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Dept. Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona–Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Vinchi
- Heidelberg University Hospital / EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James Cimino
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreitmeier
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Silengo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lars S. Maier
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Corresponding author.
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Petrillo S, Longo UG, Papalia R, Denaro V. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears and cuff tear arthropathy: a systematic review. Musculoskelet Surg 2017; 101:105-112. [PMID: 28444541 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-017-0474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the outcomes and complications of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in massive irreparable rotator cuff tears (MIRCT) and cuff tear arthropathy (CTA). METHODS A systematic review of the literature contained in Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Ovid databases was conducted on May 1, 2016, according to PRISMA guidelines. The key words "reverse total shoulder arthroplasty" or "reverse total shoulder prostheses" with "rotator cuff tears"; "failed rotator cuff surgery"; "massive rotator cuff tears"; "irreparable rotator cuff tears"; "cuff tear arthropathy"; "outcomes"; "complications" were matched. All articles reporting outcomes and complications of RSA for the management of MIRCT or CTA were included. The comparison between preoperative and postoperative clinical scores, as well as range of motion (ROM), was performed using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. P values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Seven articles were included in our qualitative synthesis. A statistically significant improvement in all clinical scores and ROM was found comparing the preoperative value with the postoperative value. The degrees of retroversion of the humeral stem of the RSA do not influence the functional outcomes in a statistically significant fashion. There were 17.4% of complications. The most frequent was heterotopic ossification, occurring in 6.6% of patients. Revision surgery was necessary in 7.3% of patients. CONCLUSIONS RSA restores pain-free ROM and improves function of the shoulder in patients with MIRCT or CTA. However, complications occur in a high percentage of patients. The lack of level I studies limits the real understanding of the potentials and limitations of RSA for the management of MIRCT and CTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Petrillo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy.
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - U G Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - R Papalia
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - V Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
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50
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Di Nottia M, Masciullo M, Verrigni D, Petrillo S, Modoni A, Rizzo V, Di Giuda D, Rizza T, Niceta M, Torraco A, Bianchi M, Santoro M, Bentivoglio AR, Bertini E, Piemonte F, Carrozzo R, Silvestri G. DJ-1 modulates mitochondrial response to oxidative stress: clues from a novel diagnosis of PARK7. Clin Genet 2016; 92:18-25. [PMID: 27460976 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DJ-1 mutations are associated to early-onset Parkinson's disease and accounts for about 1-2% of the genetic forms. The protein is involved in many biological processes and its role in mitochondrial regulation is gaining great interest, even if its function in mitochondria is still unclear. We describe a 47-year-old woman affected by a multisystem disorder characterized by progressive, early-onset parkinsonism plus distal spinal amyotrophy, cataracts and sensory-neural deafness associated with a novel homozygous c.461C>A [p.T154K] mutation in DJ-1. Patient's cultured fibroblasts showed low ATP synthesis, high ROS levels and reduced amount of some subunits of mitochondrial complex I; biomarkers of oxidative stress also resulted abnormal in patient's blood. The clinical pattern of multisystem involvement and the biochemical findings in our patient highlight the role for DJ-1 in modulating mitochondrial response against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di Nottia
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Masciullo
- SPInal REhabilitation Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - D Verrigni
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Petrillo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Modoni
- Institute of Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - V Rizzo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A.Gemelli Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Di Giuda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A.Gemelli Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - T Rizza
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Niceta
- Division of Genetic Disorders and Rare Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Torraco
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Bianchi
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Santoro
- Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | | | - E Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - R Carrozzo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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