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Fabrication and finite element analysis of stereolithographic 3D printed microneedles for transdermal delivery of model dyes across human skin in vitro. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 137:104976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pattarabhiran SP, Saju A, Sonawane KR, Manimaran R, Bhatnagar S, Roy G, Kulkarni RB, Venuganti VVK. Dissolvable Microneedle-Mediated Transcutaneous Delivery of Tetanus Toxoid Elicits Effective Immune Response. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:257. [PMID: 31332640 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcutaneous immunization using a microneedle device presents a promising alternative to syringe-based injection of vaccines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effective immune response elicited after application of tetanus toxoid antigen-loaded dissolvable microneedles (TT-MN) in mice model. Dissolvable microneedles were prepared using 20% w/v of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymer mixture by micromolding technique. TT-MN were prepared by addition of tetanus toxoid to polymer mixture before casting microneedles. TT-MN were characterized using texture analyzer, stereomicroscope, and scanning electron microscope. Tetanus toxoid loading was found to be 77 ± 2 μg per microneedle array. Confocal microscopic analysis showed that the microneedles penetrated to a depth of 130 μm inside mouse skin. Complete dissolution of microneedles was achieved within 1 h after insertion in skin. Immunization studies in Swiss albino mice demonstrated significantly (p < 0.001) greater IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibody titers for TT-MN and intramuscular injection groups compared with naïve control. Splenocyte proliferation assay confirmed effective re-stimulation on exposure to tetanus toxoid in microneedle treatment groups. Taken together, TT-MN can be developed as minimally invasive system for transcutaneous delivery of tetanus toxoid antigen.
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Joyce JC, Sella HE, Jost H, Mistilis MJ, Esser ES, Pradhan P, Toy R, Collins ML, Rota PA, Roy K, Skountzou I, Compans RW, Oberste MS, Weldon WC, Norman JJ, Prausnitz MR. Extended delivery of vaccines to the skin improves immune responses. J Control Release 2019; 304:135-145. [PMID: 31071375 PMCID: PMC6613980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines prevent 2-3 million childhood deaths annually; however, low vaccine efficacy and the resulting need for booster doses create gaps in immunization coverage. In this translational study, we explore the benefits of extended release of licensed vaccine antigens into skin to increase immune responses after a single dose in order to design improved vaccine delivery systems. By administering daily intradermal injections of inactivated polio vaccine according to six different delivery profiles, zeroth-order release over 28 days resulted in neutralizing antibody titers equivalent to two bolus vaccinations administered one month apart. Vaccinations following this profile also improved immune responses to tetanus toxoid and subunit influenza vaccine but not a live-attenuated viral vaccine, measles vaccine. Finally, using subunit influenza vaccine, we demonstrated that daily vaccination by microneedle patch induced a potent, balanced humoral immunity with an increased memory response compared to bolus vaccination. We conclude that extended presentation of antigen in skin via intradermal injection or microneedle patch can enhance immune responses and reduce the number of vaccine doses, thereby enabling increased vaccination efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Joyce
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hila E Sella
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Heather Jost
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Matthew J Mistilis
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - E Stein Esser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pallab Pradhan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Randall Toy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Marcus L Collins
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Paul A Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - M Steven Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - William C Weldon
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - James J Norman
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Tang T, Weng T, Jia H, Luo S, Xu Y, Li L, Zhang P. Harnessing the layer-by-layer assembly technique to design biomaterials vaccines for immune modulation in translational applications. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:715-732. [PMID: 30762040 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The existence of challenging diseases such as cancers, HIV and Zika requires developing new vaccines that can generate tunable and robust immune responses against the diseases. Biomaterials-based techniques have been broadly explored for designing vaccines that can produce controllable and potent immunity. Among the existing biomaterials-based strategies, the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique is remarkably attractive in vaccine design due to its unique features such as programmed and versatile cargo loading, cargo protection, co-delivery, juxtaposing of immune signals, etc. In this work, we reviewed the existing LbL-based vaccine design techniques for translational applications. Specifically, we discussed nanovaccines constructed by coating polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) on nanoparticles, microcapsule vaccines assembled from PEMs, polyplex/complex vaccines condensed from charged materials and microneedle vaccines deposited with PEMs, highlighting the employment of these techniques to promote immunity against diseases ranging from cancers to infectious and autoimmune diseases (i.e., HIV, influenza, multiple sclerosis, etc.). Additionally, the review specifically emphasized using LbL-based vaccine technologies for tuning the cellular and molecular pathways, demonstrating the unique advantages presented by these vaccination strategies. These studies showed the versatility and potency of using LbL-based techniques for designing the next generation of biomaterials vaccines for translational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Tang
- Department of Material Processing and Controlling, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, China.
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55
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Ingrole RSJ, Gill HS. Microneedle Coating Methods: A Review with a Perspective. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:555-569. [PMID: 31175217 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A coated microneedle array comprises sharp micrometer-sized needle shafts attached to a base substrate and coated with a drug on their surfaces. Coated microneedles are under investigation for drug delivery into the skin and other tissues, and a broad assortment of active materials, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, deoxyribonucleic acids, and viruses, have been coated onto microneedles. To coat the microneedles, different methods have been developed. Some coating methods achieve selective coating of just the microneedle shafts, whereas other methods coat not only microneedle shafts but also the array base substrate. Selective coating of just the microneedle shafts is more desirable since it provides control over drug dosage, prevents drug waste, and offers high delivery efficiency. Different excipients are added to the coating liquid to modulate its viscosity and surface tension in order to achieve uniform coatings on microneedles. Coated microneedles have been used in a broad range of biomedical applications. To highlight these different applications, a table summarizing the different active materials and the amounts coated on microneedles is provided. We also discuss factors that should be considered when deciding suitability of coated microneedles for new-drug delivery applications. In recent years, many coated microneedles have been investigated in human clinical trials, and there is now a strong effort to bring the first coated microneedle-based product to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S J Ingrole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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56
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Park SC, Kim MJ, Baek SK, Park JH, Choi SO. Spray-Formed Layered Polymer Microneedles for Controlled Biphasic Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020369. [PMID: 30960353 PMCID: PMC6419157 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we present polymeric microneedles composed of multiple layers to control drug release kinetics. Layered microneedles were fabricated by spraying poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in sequence, and were characterized by mechanical testing and ex vivo skin insertion tests. The compression test demonstrated that no noticeable layer separation occurred, indicating good adhesion between PLGA and PVP layers. Histological examination confirmed that the microneedles were successfully inserted into the skin and indicated biphasic release of dyes incorporated within microneedle matrices. Structural changes of a model protein drug, bovine serum albumin (BSA), in PLGA and PVP matrices were examined by circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the tertiary structure of BSA was well maintained in both PLGA and PVP layers while the secondary structures were slightly changed during microneedle fabrication. In vitro release studies showed that over 60% of BSA in the PLGA layer was released within 1 h, followed by continuous slow release over the course of the experiments (7 days), while BSA in the PVP layer was completely released within 0.5 h. The initial burst of BSA from PLGA was further controlled by depositing a blank PLGA layer prior to forming the PLGA layer containing BSA. The blank PLGA layer acted as a diffusion barrier, resulting in a reduced initial burst. The formation of the PLGA diffusion barrier was visualized using confocal microscopy. Our results suggest that the spray-formed multilayer microneedles could be an attractive transdermal drug delivery system that is capable of modulating a drug release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Chan Park
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Seung-Ki Baek
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine Inc., Seongnam 13209, Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
- Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Seong-O Choi
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Creighton RL, Woodrow KA. Microneedle-Mediated Vaccine Delivery to the Oral Mucosa. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801180. [PMID: 30537400 PMCID: PMC6476557 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The oral mucosa is a minimally invasive and immunologically rich site that is underutilized for vaccination due to physiological and immunological barriers. To develop effective oral mucosal vaccines, key questions regarding vaccine residence time, uptake, adjuvant formulation, dose, and delivery location must be answered. However, currently available dosage forms are insufficient to address all these questions. An ideal oral mucosal vaccine delivery system would improve both residence time and epithelial permeation while enabling efficient delivery of physicochemically diverse vaccine formulations. Microneedles have demonstrated these capabilities for dermal vaccine delivery. Additionally, microneedles enable precise control over delivery properties like depth, uniformity, and dosing, making them an ideal tool to study oral mucosal vaccination. Select studies have demonstrated the feasibility of microneedle-mediated oral mucosal vaccination, but they have only begun to explore the broad functionality of microneedles. This review describes the physiological and immunological challenges related to oral mucosal vaccine delivery and provides specific examples of how microneedles can be used to address these challenges. It summarizes and compares the few existing oral mucosal microneedle vaccine studies and offers a perspective for the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Creighton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kim A Woodrow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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58
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Gao Y, Hou M, Yang R, Zhang L, Xu Z, Kang Y, Xue P. Highly Porous Silk Fibroin Scaffold Packed in PEGDA/Sucrose Microneedles for Controllable Transdermal Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1334-1345. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengmeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruihao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Chongqing 400715, China
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Mc Crudden MTC, Larrañeta E, Clark A, Jarrahian C, Rein-Weston A, Lachau-Durand S, Niemeijer N, Williams P, Haeck C, McCarthy HO, Zehrung D, Donnelly RF. Design, formulation and evaluation of novel dissolving microarray patches containing a long-acting rilpivirine nanosuspension. J Control Release 2018; 292:119-129. [PMID: 30395897 PMCID: PMC6290172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
One means of combating the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is through the delivery of long-acting, antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for prevention and treatment. The development of a discreet, self-administered and self-disabling delivery vehicle to deliver such ARV drugs could obviate compliance issues with daily oral regimens. Alternatives in development, such as long-acting intramuscular (IM) injections, require regular access to health care facilities and disposal facilities for sharps. Consequently, this proof of concept study was developed to evaluate the use of dissolving microarray patches (MAPs) containing a long-acting (LA) nanosuspension of the candidate ARV drug, rilpivirine (RPV). MAPs were mechanically strong and penetrated skin in vitro, delivering RPV intradermally. In in vivo studies, the mean plasma concentration of RPV in rats (431 ng/ml at the Day 7 time point) was approximately ten-fold greater than the trough concentration observed after a single-dose in previous clinical studies. These results are the first to indicate, by the determination of relative exposures between IM and MAP administration, that larger multi-array dissolving MAPs could potentially be used to effectively deliver human doses of RPV LA. Importantly, RPV was also detected in the lymph nodes, indicating the potential to deliver this ARV agent into one of the primary sites of HIV replication over extended durations. These MAPs could potentially improve patient acceptability and adherence to HIV prevention and treatment regimens and combat instances of needle-stick injury and the transmission of blood-borne diseases, which would have far-reaching benefits, particularly to those in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Annie Clark
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98121, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nico Niemeijer
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Peter Williams
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Clement Haeck
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Darin Zehrung
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98121, USA
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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60
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Kim NW, Kim SY, Lee JE, Yin Y, Lee JH, Lim SY, Kim ES, Duong HTT, Kim HK, Kim S, Kim JE, Lee DS, Kim J, Lee MS, Lim YT, Jeong JH. Enhanced Cancer Vaccination by In Situ Nanomicelle-Generating Dissolving Microneedles. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9702-9713. [PMID: 30141896 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Efficient delivery of tumor antigens and immunostimulatory adjuvants into lymph nodes is crucial for the maturation and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which subsequently induce adaptive antitumor immunity. A dissolving microneedle (MN) has been considered as an attractive method for transcutaneous immunization due to its superior ability to deliver vaccines through the stratum corneum in a minimally invasive manner. However, because dissolving MNs are mostly prepared using water-soluble sugars or polymers for their rapid dissolution in intradermal fluid after administration, they are often difficult to formulate with poorly water-soluble vaccine components. Here, we develop amphiphilic triblock copolymer-based dissolving MNs in situ that generate nanomicelles (NMCs) upon their dissolution after cutaneous application, which facilitate the efficient encapsulation of poorly water-soluble Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist (R848) and the delivery of hydrophilic antigens. The sizes of NMCs range from 30 to 40 nm, which is suitable for the efficient delivery of R848 and antigens to lymph nodes and promotion of cellular uptake by APCs, minimizing systemic exposure of the R848. Application of MNs containing tumor model antigen (OVA) and R848 to the skin of EG7-OVA tumor-bearing mice induced a significant level of antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity, resulting in significant antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Kee Kim
- Raphas R&D Center/Raphas Co., Ltd. , Seoul 07793 , Republic of Korea
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Perez Cuevas MB, Kodani M, Choi Y, Joyce J, O'Connor SM, Kamili S, Prausnitz MR. Hepatitis B vaccination using a dissolvable microneedle patch is immunogenic in mice and rhesus macaques. Bioeng Transl Med 2018; 3:186-196. [PMID: 30377659 PMCID: PMC6195907 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis B virus infection remains a major global public health problem, accounting for about 887,000 deaths in 2015. Perinatal and early childhood infections are strongly associated with developing chronic hepatitis B. Adding a birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB BD) to routine childhood vaccination can prevent over 85% of these infections. However, HepB BD coverage remains low in many global regions, with shortages of birth attendants trained to vaccinate and limited HepB BD supply at birth. To address the challenges, we developed coated metal microneedle patches (cMNPs) and dissolvable microneedle patches (dMNPs) that deliver adjuvant‐free hepatitis B vaccine to the skin in a simple‐to‐administer manner. The dMNP contains micron‐scale, solid needles encapsulating vaccine antigen and dissolve in the skin, generating no sharps waste. We delivered HepB BD via cMNP to BALB/c mice and via dMNP to both mice and rhesus macaques. Both cMNP and dMNP were immunogenic, generating hepatitis B surface antibody levels similar to human seroprotection. Biomechanical analysis showed that at high forces the microneedles failed mechanically by yielding but microneedles partially blunted by axial compression were still able to penetrate skin. Overall, this study indicates that with further development, dMNPs could offer a method of vaccination to increase HepB BD access and reduce needle waste in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica B Perez Cuevas
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332
| | - Maja Kodani
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Youkyung Choi
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Jessica Joyce
- Wallace Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332
| | - Siobhan M O'Connor
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Saleem Kamili
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332.,Wallace Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332
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Rodgers AM, Cordeiro AS, Kissenpfennig A, Donnelly RF. Microneedle arrays for vaccine delivery: the possibilities, challenges and use of nanoparticles as a combinatorial approach for enhanced vaccine immunogenicity. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:851-867. [PMID: 30051726 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1505860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination is one of the greatest breakthroughs of modern preventative medicine. Despite this, there remain problems surrounding delivery, efficacy and compliance. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop cost-effective vaccine delivery systems that could expand the use of vaccines, particularly within developing countries. Microneedle (MN) arrays, given their ease of use, painlessness and ability to target skin antigen presenting cells, provide an attractive platform for improved vaccine delivery and efficacy. Studies have demonstrated enhanced immunogenicity with the use of MN in comparison to conventional needle. More recently, dissolving MN have been used for efficient delivery of nanoparticles (NP), as a means to enhance antigen immunogenicity. AREAS COVERED This review introduces the fields of MN technology and nanotechnology, highlighting the recent advances which have been made with these two technologies combined for enhanced vaccine delivery and efficacy. Some key questions that remain to be addressed for adoption of MN in a clinical setting are also evaluated. EXPERT OPINION MN-mediated vaccine delivery holds potential for expanding access to vaccines, with individuals in developing countries likely to be the principal beneficiaries. The combinatorial approach of utilizing MN coupled with NP, provides opportunities to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Maria Rodgers
- a School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - Ana Sara Cordeiro
- a School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- b Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- a School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
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63
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Pamornpathomkul B, Ngawhirunpat T, Tekko IA, Vora L, McCarthy HO, Donnelly RF. Dissolving polymeric microneedle arrays for enhanced site-specific acyclovir delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:200-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Mini-Review: Assessing the Potential Impact of Microneedle Technologies on Home Healthcare Applications. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5020050. [PMID: 29890643 PMCID: PMC6023334 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing devolution of healthcare towards community care has meant that the management of many conditions is conducted within the home either by community nurses or by the patients themselves. The administration of medicines within home healthcare scenarios can however be problematic—especially when considering the delivery of medicines through injection. The possibility of needlestick injury (NSI) has become an ever-present hazard within healthcare settings, with a significant proportion of percutaneous injuries occurring during the handling and disposal of the needle. The emergence of transdermal microneedle systems, however, offers a potentially revolutionary advance and could dramatically improve safety—particularly within home healthcare where there are mounting concerns over the use and disposal of sharps. A mini-review of the advantages proffered by microneedle drug delivery technologies is presented and the potential impact on delivery of medicines within the home is critically appraised.
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Joyce JC, Carroll TD, Collins ML, Chen MH, Fritts L, Dutra JC, Rourke TL, Goodson JL, McChesney MB, Prausnitz MR, Rota PA. A Microneedle Patch for Measles and Rubella Vaccination Is Immunogenic and Protective in Infant Rhesus Macaques. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:124-132. [PMID: 29701813 PMCID: PMC5989599 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background New methods to increase measles and rubella (MR) vaccination coverage are needed to achieve global and regional MR elimination goals. Methods Here, we developed microneedle (MN) patches designed to administer MR vaccine by minimally trained personnel, leave no biohazardous sharps waste, remove the need for vaccine reconstitution, and provide thermostability outside the cold chain. This study evaluated the immunogenicity of MN patches delivering MR vaccine to infant rhesus macaques. Results Protective titers of measles neutralizing antibodies (>120 mIU/mL) were detected in 100% of macaques in the MN group and 75% of macaques in the subcutaneous (SC) injection group. Rubella neutralizing antibody titers were >10 IU/mL for all groups. All macaques in the MN group were protected from challenge with wild-type measles virus, whereas 75% were protected in the SC group. However, vaccination by the MN or SC route was unable to generate protective immune responses to measles in infant macaques pretreated with measles immunoglobulin to simulate maternal antibody. Conclusions These results show, for the first time, that MR vaccine delivered by MN patch generated protective titers of neutralizing antibodies to both measles and rubella in infant rhesus macaques and afforded complete protection from measles virus challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Joyce
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
| | - Timothy D Carroll
- Center for Comparative Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | | | - Min-hsin Chen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Linda Fritts
- Center for Comparative Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Joseph C Dutra
- Center for Comparative Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Tracy L Rourke
- Center for Comparative Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | | | - Michael B McChesney
- Center for Comparative Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Paul A Rota
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Kim MJ, Park SC, Rizal B, Guanes G, Baek SK, Park JH, Betz AR, Choi SO. Fabrication of Circular Obelisk-Type Multilayer Microneedles Using Micro-Milling and Spray Deposition. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:54. [PMID: 29868571 PMCID: PMC5958193 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we present the fabrication of multilayer microneedles with circular obelisk and beveled-circular obelisk geometries, which have potential applications in implantable drug delivery devices. Micro-milling was adopted as an environmental-friendly and cost-effective way to fabricate primary metal microneedle masters. Polylactic acid (PLA) microneedles with sharp tips were then obtained by micromolding followed by oxygen plasma etching and used for preparing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microneedle molds. A spray deposition process was employed for microneedle fabrication to facilitate the formation of multilayer microneedles while helping in maintenance of drug stability. Multilayer microneedles were successfully formed by sequential spraying of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions into the mold. The fabricated PLGA-PVP multilayer microneedles penetrated the pig cadaver skin without breakage and released dyes in the skin at different rates, which reveals the potential for implantable microneedles enabling controlled release. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the obelisk-shaped microneedles were mechanically stronger than a pyramid-shaped microneedle and suggested that strong adhesion between PLGA and PVP layers was achieved as well. Structural stability and functionality of a model drug, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), upon spray deposition was examined using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and enzyme activity assay. HRP retained its secondary structure and activity in PVP, whereas HRP in PLGA showed structural changes and reduced activity. Combination of micro-milling and spray deposition would be an attractive way of fabricating drug-containing polymer microneedles with various geometries while reducing prototyping time and process-induced drug instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Seok Chan Park
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Binod Rizal
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Giselle Guanes
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Seung-Ki Baek
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine Co., Ltd, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Amy R Betz
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Seong-O Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Lee JW, Prausnitz MR. Drug delivery using microneedle patches: not just for skin. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:541-543. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1471059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Lee
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Inactivated rotavirus vaccine by parenteral administration induces mucosal immunity in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:561. [PMID: 29330512 PMCID: PMC5766576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the safety and efficacy of oral rotavirus vaccines, we developed an inactivated rotavirus vaccine (IRV) for parenteral administration. Since it remains unknown whether parenteral vaccination can induce mucosal immunity, we performed a comprehensive assessment of immune responses to IRV in mice with an adjuvant-free dissolving polymer MN patch or by alum-adjuvanted IM injection. We demonstrated that IRV induced the expression of the gut homing receptor LPAM-1 on T and B cells in spleen and mLN of vaccinated mice. MN patch IRV vaccination induced a slight Th1 phenotype while IM vaccination induced a balanced Th1/Th2 phenotype. In addition, a dose-sparing effect was seen for rotavirus-specific serum IgG and neutralizing activity for both vaccination routes. Our study is the first to show that parenterally administered IRV can induce mucosal immunity in the gut, in addition to strong serum antibody response, and is a promising candidate vaccine in achieving global immunization against rotavirus.
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Corneal delivery of besifloxacin using rapidly dissolving polymeric microneedles. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 8:473-483. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Fertig RM, Gamret AC, Cervantes J, Tosti A. Microneedling for the treatment of hair loss? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:564-569. [PMID: 29194786 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Microneedling is a minimally invasive dermatological procedure in which fine needles are rolled over the skin to puncture the stratum corneum. This therapy is used to induce collagen formation, neovascularization and growth factor production of treated areas. It has been used in a wide range of dermatologic conditions, including androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and alopecia areata, among others. While there are a limited number of studies examining this therapy in the use of hair loss, microneedling has been successfully paired with other hair growth promoting therapies, such as minoxidil, platelet-rich plasma and topical steroids, and shown to stimulate hair follicle growth. It is thought that microneedling facilitates penetration of such first-line medications, and this is one mechanism by which it promotes hair growth. To date, the area most studied and with the most success has been microneedling treatment of AGA. While the current evidence does not allow one to conclude superiority of microneedling over existing standard therapies for hair loss, microneedling shows some promise in improving hair growth, especially in combination with existing techniques. This review summarizes the current literature regarding microneedling in the treatment of alopecia and calls for further studies to define a standard treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Fertig
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A C Gamret
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Cervantes
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Kahkoska AR, Gu Z. Bioresponsive transcutaneous patches. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 48:28-32. [PMID: 28292673 PMCID: PMC6053065 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems that utilize transcutaneous patches of arrayed microneedles have attracted increasing interest in medical practice as an alternative method to hypodermic injection. Over the past ten years, research has focused on leveraging physiological signals associated with diseases or skin-specific tissues to create bioresponsive patches that release drug directly in response to an internally-generated stimulus. This review surveys the recent advances in the development and use of bioresponsive transcutaneous patches for on-demand smart and precise drug delivery, exploiting different physiological signals including pH, serum glucose levels, and enzyme activity. The clinical potential of these devices, including challenges and opportunities, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Yu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anna R Kahkoska
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Nguyen TT, Park JH. Human studies with microneedles for evaluation of their efficacy and safety. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 15:235-245. [PMID: 29169288 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1410138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the past two decades, many studies have documented the development of microneedles (MNs) as a feasible technique for the effective administration of drugs. More and more human studies have been done with MNs to bridge the gap between research and market applications that provide efficacious techniques for clinical implementation. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is provide a brief description of the status of human study with MNs and to demonstrate progress for the right use of microneedle arrays in clinical settings. It also describes the considerations for clinical application with each type of MNs. EXPERT OPINION Microneedle systems were introduced to overcome the limitations of conventional methods of drug administration. Lots of microneedle systems have undergone clinical evaluation to determine their efficacy and safety, and many studies have demonstrated positive results. The successful clinical use of the microneedle in vaccine therapy is remarkable and supports the importance of conducting further tests in a wide range of medical applications. Self-administered MNs appeared to be an attractive alternative method that needs further research to become a reality in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- a Department of BioNano Technology , Gachon University , Gyeonggi-Do , South of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- a Department of BioNano Technology , Gachon University , Gyeonggi-Do , South of Korea
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Hong JY, Ko EJ, Choi SY, Li K, Kim AR, Park JO, Kim BJ. Efficacy and safety of a novel, soluble microneedle patch for the improvement of facial wrinkle. J Cosmet Dermatol 2017; 17:235-241. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Hong
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Department of Dermatology; Myongji Hospital; Seonam University College of Medicine; Goyang Korea
| | - Sun Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Seoul Paik Hospital; Inje University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Kapsok Li
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | | | | | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Hollow microneedle-mediated intradermal delivery of model vaccine antigen-loaded PLGA nanoparticles elicits protective T cell-mediated immunity to an intracellular bacterium. J Control Release 2017; 266:27-35. [PMID: 28917531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The skin is an attractive organ for immunization due to the presence of a large number of epidermal and dermal antigen-presenting cells. Hollow microneedles allow for precise and non-invasive intradermal delivery of vaccines. In this study, ovalbumin (OVA)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with and without TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) were prepared and administered intradermally by hollow microneedles. The capacity of the PLGA nanoparticles to induce a cytotoxic T cell response, contributing to protection against intracellular pathogens, was examined. We show that a single injection of OVA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles, compared to soluble OVA, primed both adoptively transferred antigen-specific naïve transgenic CD8+ and CD4+ T cells with markedly high efficiency. Applying a triple immunization protocol, PLGA nanoparticles primed also endogenous OVA-specific CD8+ T cells. Immune response, following immunization with in particular anionic PLGA nanoparticles co-encapsulated with OVA and poly(I:C), provided protection against a recombinant strain of the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, secreting OVA. Taken together, we show that PLGA nanoparticle formulation is an excellent delivery system for protein antigen into the skin and that protective cellular immune responses can be induced using hollow microneedles for intradermal immunizations.
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Wang C, Ye Y, Hu Q, Bellotti A, Gu Z. Tailoring Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy: Emerging Trends and Future Outlook. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28556553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, as a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, has recently received tremendous attention. The active cancer vaccination, immune checkpoint blockage (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for T-cell-based adoptive cell transfer are among these developments that have achieved a significant increase in patient survival in clinical trials. Despite these advancements, emerging research at the interdisciplinary interface of cancer biology, immunology, bioengineering, and materials science is important to further enhance the therapeutic benefits and reduce side effects. Here, an overview of the latest studies on engineering biomaterials for the enhancement of anticancer immunity is given, including the perspectives of delivery of immunomodulatory therapeutics, engineering immune cells, and constructing immune-modulating scaffolds. The opportunities and challenges in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yanqi Ye
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Adriano Bellotti
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Bhatnagar S, Dave K, Venuganti VVK. Microneedles in the clinic. J Control Release 2017; 260:164-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Esser ES, Pulit-Penaloza JA, Kalluri H, McAllister D, Vassilieva EV, Littauer EQ, Lelutiu N, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW, Skountzou I. Microneedle patch delivery of influenza vaccine during pregnancy enhances maternal immune responses promoting survival and long-lasting passive immunity to offspring. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5705. [PMID: 28720851 PMCID: PMC5515933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus causes life-threatening infections in pregnant women and their newborns. Immunization during pregnancy is the most effective means of preventing maternal and infant mortality/morbidity; however, influenza vaccination rates of pregnant women remain under 50%. Furthermore, the availability of vaccines in low-resource populations is limited. Skin immunization with microneedle patches (MN) is a novel and safe vaccination platform featuring thermostable vaccine formulations. Cold-chain independence and the potential for self-administration can expand influenza vaccination coverage in developing countries. In this study of pregnant BALB/c mice immunized with subunit H1N1 influenza vaccine, we demonstrate the advantage of skin vaccination over intramuscular delivery of a two-fold higher vaccine dose. MN vaccine induced superior humoral immune responses and conferred protective immunity against a lethal challenge dose of homologous influenza virus. Importantly, MN vaccination of mice at mid-gestation resulted in enhanced and long-lasting passive immunity of the offspring, measured by neutralizing antibody titers and survival rates after virus challenge. We conclude that skin vaccination using MN is a superior immunization approach with the potential to overcome immune tolerance observed in pregnancy, and lower vaccination costs through antigen dose-sparing, which is especially relevant in underserved countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stein Esser
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Joanna A Pulit-Penaloza
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Haripriya Kalluri
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Devin McAllister
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Elena V Vassilieva
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth Q Littauer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nadia Lelutiu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Macedo CG, Jain AK, Franz-Montan M, Napimoga MH, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Gill HS. Microneedles enhance topical delivery of 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 and reduce nociception in temporomandibular joint of rats. J Control Release 2017; 265:22-29. [PMID: 28673836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The pain arising from temporomandibular disorders is often treated with opioids and agents that inhibit the immune response and are associated with substantial adverse effects and long-term risks. Thus, the development of new therapies that are safer and more effective is of great interest to patients and clinicians. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is naturally produced in the human body and has anti-inflammatory properties. We have previously shown in a rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) model that injection of 15d-PGJ2 into the rat TMJ can provide antinociceptive relief against a subsequent noxious challenge from formalin injection into the same TMJ. However, intra-TMJ injections are painful. Thus, to make the treatment patient friendly, this study aimed to evaluate whether the antinociceptive property of 15d-PGJ2 cream can be enhanced with microneedles (MNs). We found that topical application of 15d-PGJ2 cream for 15min directly on the rat TMJ skin did not induce any significant antinociceptive effect. However, if MNs were inserted in the skin for 5min, removed, and then 15d-PGJ2 cream was applied, a significant reduction in formalin-induced nociceptive behavior was observed. This reduction in nociception was comparable to an intra-TMJ injection of 15d-PGJ2. A concentration-dependent effect of 15d-PGJ2 was observed, with higher concentrations of 15d-PGJ2 in the cream showing a more durable effect up to 8h. 15d-PGJ2 cream associated with MNs also significantly reduced the release of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 beta, which are pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings suggest that 15d-PGJ2 cream associated with MNs provides antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect, and can offer a potential patient-friendly therapeutic option for pain control related to inflammatory disorders of the TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina G Macedo
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amit K Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Marcelo H Napimoga
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Chen F, Yan Q, Yu Y, Wu MX. BCG vaccine powder-laden and dissolvable microneedle arrays for lesion-free vaccination. J Control Release 2017; 255:36-44. [PMID: 28390901 PMCID: PMC6091871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Live attenuated Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) bacillus is the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis prevention worldwide to date. It must be delivered intradermally to be effective, which causes severe skin inflammation and sometimes, permanent scars. To minimize the side effects, we developed a novel microneedle array (MNA) that could deliver live attenuated freeze-dried BCG powder into the epidermis in a painless, lesion-free, and self-applicable fashion. The MNA was fabricated with biocompatible and dissolvable hyaluronic acid with a deep cave formed in the basal portion of each microneedle, into which BCG powder could be packaged directly. Viability of BCG vaccine packaged in the caves and the mechanical strength of the powder-laden MNA did not alter significantly before and after more than two months of storage at room temperature. Following insertion of the MNA into the skin, individual microneedle shafts melted away by interstitial fluid from the epidermis and upper dermis, exposing the powder to epidermal tissues. The powder sucked interstitial fluid, dissolved slowly, and diffused into the epidermis in a day against the interstitial fluid influx. Vaccination with BCG-MNA caused no overt skin irritation, in marked contrast to intradermal vaccination that provoked severe inflammation and bruise. While causing little skin irritation, vaccination efficacy of BCG-MNAs was comparable to that of intradermal immunization whether it was evaluated by humoral or cellular immunity. This powder-laden and dissolvable MNA represents a novel technology to sufficiently deliver live attenuated vaccine powders into the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02114, USA; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Life Sciences School of Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qinying Yan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02114, USA; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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80
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Wang M, Hu L, Xu C. Recent advances in the design of polymeric microneedles for transdermal drug delivery and biosensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1373-1387. [PMID: 28352876 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00016b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles are an efficient and minimally invasive approach to transdermal drug delivery and extraction of skin interstitial fluid. Compared to solid microneedles made of silicon, metals and ceramics, polymeric microneedles have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and nontoxicity. They are easy to fabricate in large scale and can load drugs in high amounts. More importantly, polymers with different degradation profiles, swelling properties, and responses to biological/physical stimuli can be employed to fabricate polymeric microneedles with different mechanical properties and performance. This review provides a guideline for the selection of polymers and the corresponding fabrication methods for polymeric microneedles while summarizing their recent application in drug delivery and fluid extraction. It should be noted that although polymeric microneedles can achieve efficient transdermal delivery of drugs, their wide applications were limited by their unsatisfactory transdermal therapeutic efficiency. Delivery of nanomedicines that incorporate drugs into functional nanoparticles/capsules can address this problem and thus may be an interesting direction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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81
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Ali AA, McCrudden CM, McCaffrey J, McBride JW, Cole G, Dunne NJ, Robson T, Kissenpfennig A, Donnelly RF, McCarthy HO. DNA vaccination for cervical cancer; a novel technology platform of RALA mediated gene delivery via polymeric microneedles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:921-932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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82
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Abstract
Microneedle patches (MNPs) contain arrays of solid needles measuring hundreds of microns in length that deliver drugs and vaccines into skin in a painless, easy-to-use manner. Optimal MNP design balances multiple interdependent parameters that determine mechanical strength, skin-insertion reliability, drug delivery efficiency, painlessness, manufacturability, and other features of MNPs that affect their performance. MNPs can be made by adapting various microfabrication technologies for delivery of small-molecule drugs, biologics, and vaccines targeted to the skin, which can have pharmacokinetic and immunologic advantages. A small number of human clinical trials, as well as a large and growing market for MNP products for cosmetics, indicate that MNPs can be used safely, efficaciously, and with strong patient acceptance. More advanced clinical trials and commercial-scale manufacturing will facilitate development of MNPs to realize their potential to dramatically increase patient access to otherwise-injectable drugs and to improve drug performance via skin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100;
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83
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Chege M, McConville A, Davis J. Microneedle drug delivery systems: Appraising opportunities for improving safety and assessing areas of concern. ACS CHEMICAL HEALTH & SAFETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchas.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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84
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85
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) based cancer immunotherapy has recently attracted considerable interest in the field of cancer therapy. The relevant immunotherapeutic agents do not directly attack the tumor, but boost the body's immune system to recognize and kill cancer cells. In this commentary, recent efforts utilizing immunoengineering for local delivery of these immune checkpoint antibodies are introduced. Future opportunities and challenges in this research theme are also commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- a Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA.,b Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Yanqi Ye
- a Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA.,b Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- a Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA.,b Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,c Department of Medicine University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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86
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Zeng Q, Gammon JM, Tostanoski LH, Chiu YC, Jewell CM. In Vivo Expansion of Melanoma-Specific T Cells Using Microneedle Arrays Coated with Immune-Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:195-205. [PMID: 28286864 PMCID: PMC5338335 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
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Microneedles
(MNs) are micron-scale polymeric or metallic structures
that offer distinct advantages for vaccines by efficiently targeting
skin-resident immune cells, eliminating injection-associated pain,
and improving patient compliance. These advantages, along with recent
studies showing therapeutic benefits achieved using traditional intradermal
injections in human cancer patients, suggest MN delivery might enhance
cancer vaccines and immunotherapies. We recently developed a new class
of polyelectrolyte multilayers based on the self-assembly of model
peptide antigens and molecular toll-like receptor agonists (TLRa)
into ultrathin, conformal coatings. Here, we reasoned that these immune
polyelectrolyte multilayers (iPEMs) might be a useful platform for
assembling cancer vaccine components on MN arrays for intradermal
delivery from these substrates. Using conserved human melanoma antigens
and a potent TLRa vaccine adjuvant, CpG, we show that iPEMs can be
assembled on MNs in an automated fashion. These films, prepared with
up to 128 layers, are approximately 200 nm thick but provide cancer
vaccine cargo loading >225 μg/cm2. In cell culture,
iPEM cargo released from MNs is internalized by primary dendritic
cells, promotes activation of these cells, and expands T cells during
coculture. In mice, application of iPEM-coated MNs results in the
codelivery of tumor antigen and CpG through the skin, expanding tumor-specific
T cells during initial MN applications and resulting in larger memory
recall responses during a subsequent booster MN application. This
study support MNs coated with PEMs built from tumor vaccine components
as a well-defined, modular system for generating tumor-specific immune
responses, enabling new approaches that can be explored in combination
with checkpoint blockade or other combination cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zeng
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park , 8228 Paint Branch Drive, 2212 Jeong H. Kim Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Joshua M Gammon
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park , 8228 Paint Branch Drive, 2212 Jeong H. Kim Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lisa H Tostanoski
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park , 8228 Paint Branch Drive, 2212 Jeong H. Kim Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yu-Chieh Chiu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park , 8228 Paint Branch Drive, 2212 Jeong H. Kim Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, 2212 Jeong H. Kim Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-I Suite 380, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Suite N9E17, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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87
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Thakur Singh RR, Tekko I, McAvoy K, McMillan H, Jones D, Donnelly RF. Minimally invasive microneedles for ocular drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:525-537. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1218460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Raj Thakur Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ismaiel Tekko
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kathryn McAvoy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Hannah McMillan
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David Jones
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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88
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Composition and Function of the Interstitial Fluid. Protein Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315374307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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89
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Loizidou EZ, Inoue NT, Ashton-Barnett J, Barrow DA, Allender CJ. Evaluation of geometrical effects of microneedles on skin penetration by CT scan and finite element analysis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 107:1-6. [PMID: 27373753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Computerized tomography scan (CT scan) imaging and finite element analysis were employed to investigate how the geometric composition of microneedles affects their mechanical strength and penetration characteristics. Simulations of microneedle arrays, comprising triangular, square and hexagonal microneedle base, revealed a linear dependence of the mechanical strength to the number of vertices in the polygon base. A laser-enabled, micromoulding technique was then used to fabricate 3×3 microneedle arrays, each individual microneedle having triangular, square or hexagonal base geometries. Their penetration characteristics into ex-vivo porcine skin, were investigated for the first time by CT scan imaging. This revealed greater penetration depths for the triangular and square-based microneedles, demonstrating CT scan as a powerful and reliable technique for studying microneedle skin penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriketi Z Loizidou
- School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, United Kingdom; School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, NW4 4BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicholas T Inoue
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | | | - David A Barrow
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Chris J Allender
- School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, United Kingdom.
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90
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Abstract
The advent of microneedle (MN) technology has provided a revolutionary platform for the delivery of therapeutic agents, particularly in the field of gene therapy. For over 20 years, the area of gene therapy has undergone intense innovation and progression which has seen advancement of the technology from an experimental concept to a widely acknowledged strategy for the treatment and prevention of numerous disease states. However, the true potential of gene therapy has yet to be achieved due to limitations in formulation and delivery technologies beyond parenteral injection of the DNA. Microneedle-mediated delivery provides a unique platform for the delivery of DNA therapeutics clinically. It provides a means to overcome the skin barriers to gene delivery and deposit the DNA directly into the dermal layers, a key site for delivery of therapeutics to treat a wide range of skin and cutaneous diseases. Additionally, the skin is a tissue rich in immune sentinels, an ideal target for the delivery of a DNA vaccine directly to the desired target cell populations. This review details the advancement of MN-mediated DNA delivery from proof-of-concept to the delivery of DNA encoding clinically relevant proteins and antigens and examines the key considerations for the improvement of the technology and progress into a clinically applicable delivery system.
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91
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Vassilieva EV, Kalluri H, McAllister D, Taherbhai MT, Esser ES, Pewin WP, Pulit-Penaloza JA, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW, Skountzou I. Improved immunogenicity of individual influenza vaccine components delivered with a novel dissolving microneedle patch stable at room temperature. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 5:360-71. [PMID: 25895053 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of seasonal influenza epidemics and pandemics relies on widespread vaccination coverage to induce protective immunity. In addition to a good antigenic match with the circulating viruses, the effectiveness of individual strains represented in the trivalent vaccines depends on their immunogenicity. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of H1N1, H3N2, and B seasonal influenza virus vaccine strains delivered individually with a novel dissolving microneedle patch and the stability of this formulation during storage at 25 °C. Our data demonstrate that all strains retained their antigenic activity after incorporation in the dissolving patches as measured by single radial diffusion (SRID) assay and immune responses to vaccination in BALB/c mice. After a single immunization, all three antigens delivered with microneedle patches induced superior neutralizing antibody titers compared to intramuscular immunization. Cutaneous antigen delivery was especially beneficial for the less immunogenic B strain. Mice immunized with dissolving microneedle patches encapsulating influenza A/Brisbane/59/07 (H1N1) vaccine were fully protected against lethal challenge by homologous mouse-adapted influenza virus. All vaccine components retained activity during storage at room temperature for at least 3 months as measured in vitro by SRID assay and in vivo by mouse immunization studies. Our data demonstrate that dissolving microneedle patches are a promising advance for influenza cutaneous vaccination due to improved immune responses using less immunogenic influenza antigens and enhanced stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Vassilieva
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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92
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Microneedle-mediated delivery of donepezil: Potential for improved treatment options in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 103:43-50. [PMID: 27018330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive route of drug administration; however, there are relatively few marketed transdermal products. To increase delivery across the skin, strategies to enhance skin permeability are widely investigated, with microneedles demonstrating particular promise. Hydrogel-forming microneedles are inserted into the skin, and following dissolution of a drug loaded reservoir and movement of the drug through the created channels, the microneedle array is removed intact, and can then be readily and safely discarded. This study presents the formulation and evaluation of an integrated microneedle patch containing the Alzheimer's drug, donepezil hydrochloride. The integrated patch consisted of hydrogel-forming microneedles in combination with a donepezil hydrochloride containing film. Formulation and characterisation of plasticised films, prepared from poly(vinylpyrrolidone) or poly (methyl vinyl ether co-maleic anhydride/acid) (Gantrez®) polymers, is presented. Furthermore, in vitro permeation of donepezil hydrochloride across neonatal porcine skin from the patches was investigated, with 854.71μg±122.71μg donepezil hydrochloride delivered after 24h, using the optimum patch formulation. Following administration of the patch to an animal model, plasma concentrations of 51.8±17.6ng/mL were obtained, demonstrating the success of this delivery platform for donepezil hydrochloride.
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93
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Hughes CM, Cadogan CA, Patton D, Ryan CA. Pharmaceutical strategies towards optimising polypharmacy in older people. Int J Pharm 2016; 512:360-365. [PMID: 26921516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the issue of polypharmacy in older people and potential pharmaceutical strategies to optimize the use of multiple medicines. Although polypharmacy has long been viewed negatively, increasing emphasis is being placed on the difference between appropriate and inappropriate polypharmacy. This is largely being driven by the increasing prevalence of multimorbidity and the use of evidence-based guidelines. In this paper, we outline a number of key considerations that are pertinent to optimizing polypharmacy, notably prescribing appropriate polypharmacy, pharmaceutical formulations, the involvement of older people in clinical trials and patient adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel M Hughes
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Cathal A Cadogan
- RCSI School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Deborah Patton
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Cristín A Ryan
- RCSI School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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94
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Abstract
This review aims to concisely chart the development of two individual research fields, namely nanomedicines, with specific emphasis on nanoparticles (NP) and microparticles (MP), and microneedle (MN) technologies, which have, in the recent past, been exploited in combinatorial approaches for the efficient delivery of a variety of medicinal agents across the skin. This is an emerging and exciting area of pharmaceutical sciences research within the remit of transdermal drug delivery and as such will undoubtedly continue to grow with the emergence of new formulation and fabrication methodologies for particles and MN. Firstly, the fundamental aspects of skin architecture and structure are outlined, with particular reference to their influence on NP and MP penetration. Following on from this, a variety of different particles are described, as are the diverse range of MN modalities currently under development. The review concludes by highlighting some of the novel delivery systems which have been described in the literature exploiting these two approaches and directs the reader towards emerging uses for nanomedicines in combination with MN.
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95
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Marshall S, Sahm LJ, Moore AC. Microneedle technology for immunisation: Perception, acceptability and suitability for paediatric use. Vaccine 2016; 34:723-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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96
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Watkinson AC, Kearney MC, Quinn HL, Courtenay AJ, Donnelly RF. Future of the transdermal drug delivery market--have we barely touched the surface? Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:523-32. [PMID: 26646399 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1130034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transdermal drug delivery is the movement of drugs across the skin for absorption into the systemic circulation. Transfer of the drug can occur via passive or active means; passive transdermal products do not disrupt the stratum corneum to facilitate delivery whereas active technologies do. Due to the very specific physicochemical properties necessary for successful passive transdermal drug delivery, this sector of the pharmaceutical industry is relatively small. There are many well-documented benefits of this delivery route however, and as a result there is great interest in increasing the number of therapeutic substances that can be delivered transdermally. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the various transdermal products that are currently/have been marketed, and the paths that led to their success, or lack of. Both passive and active transdermal technologies are considered with the advantages and limitations of each highlighted. In addition to marketed products, technologies that are in the investigative stages by various pharmaceutical companies are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Passive transdermal drug delivery has made limited progress in recent years, however with the ongoing intense research into active technologies, there is great potential for growth within the transdermal delivery market. A number of active technologies have already been translated into marketed products, with other platforms including microneedles, rapidly progressing towards commercialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen L Quinn
- b School of Pharmacy , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | | | - Ryan F Donnelly
- b School of Pharmacy , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
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97
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Aljuffali IA, Lin YK, Fang JY. Noninvasive approach for enhancing small interfering RNA delivery percutaneously. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:265-80. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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98
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Larrañeta E, Stewart S, Fallows SJ, Birkhäuer LL, McCrudden MTC, Woolfson AD, Donnelly RF. A facile system to evaluate in vitro drug release from dissolving microneedle arrays. Int J Pharm 2015; 497:62-9. [PMID: 26621687 PMCID: PMC4722988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The use of biological tissues in the in vitro assessments of dissolving (?) microneedle (MN) array mechanical strength and subsequent drug release profiles presents some fundamental difficulties, in part due to inherent variability of the biological tissues employed. As a result, these biological materials are not appropriate for routine used in industrial formulation development or quality control (QC) tests. In the present work a facile system using Parafilm M® (PF) to test drug permeation performance using dissolving MN arrays is proposed. Dissolving MN arrays containing 196 needles (600 μm needle height) were inserted into a single layer of PF and a hermetic “pouch” was created including the array inside. The resulting system was placed in a dissolution bath and the release of model molecules was evaluated. Different MN formulations were tested using this novel setup, releasing between 40 and 180 μg of their cargos after 6 h. The proposed system is a more realistic approach for MN testing than the typical performance test described in the literature for conventional transdermal patches. Additionally, the use of PF membrane was tested either in the hermetic “pouch” and using Franz Cell methodology yielding comparable release curves. Microscopy was used in order to ascertain the insertion of the different MN arrays in the PF layer. The proposed system appears to be a good alternative to the use of Franz cells in order to compare different MN formulations. Given the increasing industrial interest in MN technology, the proposed system has potential as a standardised drug/active agent release test for quality control purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Sarah Stewart
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Steven J Fallows
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lena L Birkhäuer
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | - A David Woolfson
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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99
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Rejinold NS, Shin JH, Seok HY, Kim YC. Biomedical applications of microneedles in therapeutics: recent advancements and implications in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:109-31. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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100
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Walter JR, Xu S. Therapeutic transdermal drug innovation from 2000 to 2014: current status and outlook. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1293-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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