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Bode SA, Timmermans SBPE, Eising S, van Gemert SPW, Bonger KM, Löwik DWPM. Click to enter: activation of oligo-arginine cell-penetrating peptides by bioorthogonal tetrazine ligations. Chem Sci 2019; 10:701-705. [PMID: 30746105 PMCID: PMC6340402 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides are able to transport a wide variety of cargo across cell membranes. Although promising, they are not often considered for therapeutic purposes as they lack controllable activity and cell selectivity. We have developed an activation strategy based on a split octa-arginine cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) that can be activated by means of bioorthogonal ligation. To this end we prepared two non-penetrating tetra-arginine halves, functionalized either with a tetrazine or with a complementary bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN) group. We demonstrate that an active octa-arginine can be reconstituted in situ upon mixing the complementary split peptides. The resulting activated peptide is taken up as efficiently as the well-established cell-penetrating peptide octa-arginine. The activation of the oligo-arginines can also be achieved using trans-cyclooctene (TCO) as a ligation partner, while norbornene appears too kinetically slow for use in situ. We further show that this strategy can be applied successfully to transport a large protein into living cells. Our results validate a promising first step in achieving control over cell penetration and to use CPPs for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia A Bode
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Suzanne B P E Timmermans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Selma Eising
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Sander P W van Gemert
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Dennis W P M Löwik
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
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Liu X, Liu J, Liu D, Han Y, Xu H, Liu L, Leng X, Kong D. A cell-penetrating peptide-assisted nanovaccine promotes antigen cross-presentation and anti-tumor immune response. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:5516-5527. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01183h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous antigens processed in the cytosol and subsequently cross-presented on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules activate cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes (CTL), which are crucial in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Tianjin 300192
- China
| | - Jiale Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Tianjin 300192
- China
| | - Dan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Tianjin 300192
- China
| | - Yanfeng Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Queensland
- St Lucia QLD 4072
- Australia
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing100730
- China
| | - Lanxia Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Tianjin 300192
- China
| | - Xigang Leng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Tianjin 300192
- China
| | - Deling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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53
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Roy S, Ghosh P, Ahmed I, Chakraborty M, Naiya G, Ghosh B. Constrained α-Helical Peptides as Inhibitors of Protein-Protein and Protein-DNA Interactions. Biomedicines 2018; 6:E118. [PMID: 30567318 PMCID: PMC6315407 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular regulatory pathways are replete with protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, offering attractive targets for therapeutic interventions. So far, most drugs are targeted toward enzymes and extracellular receptors. Protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions have long been considered as "undruggable". Protein-DNA interactions, in particular, present a difficult challenge due to the repetitive nature of the B-DNA. Recent studies have provided several breakthroughs; however, a design methodology for these classes of inhibitors is still at its infancy. A dominant motif of these macromolecular interactions is an α-helix, raising possibilities that an appropriate conformationally-constrained α-helical peptide may specifically disrupt these interactions. Several methods for conformationally constraining peptides to the α-helical conformation have been developed, including stapling, covalent surrogates of hydrogen bonds and incorporation of unnatural amino acids that restrict the conformational space of the peptide. We will discuss these methods and several case studies where constrained α-helices have been used as building blocks for appropriate molecules. Unlike small molecules, the delivery of these short peptides to their targets is not straightforward as they may possess unfavorable cell penetration and ADME properties. Several methods have been developed in recent times to overcome some of these problems. We will discuss these issues and the prospects of this class of molecules as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Piya Ghosh
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Israr Ahmed
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Madhumita Chakraborty
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Gitashri Naiya
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Basusree Ghosh
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
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54
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Cell penetrating peptides: A concise review with emphasis on biomedical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1090-1096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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55
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Nyström L, Malmsten M. Membrane interactions and cell selectivity of amphiphilic anticancer peptides. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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56
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Zhang M, Zhao X, Geng J, Liu H, Zeng F, Qin Y, Li J, Liu C, Wang H. Efficient penetration of Scp01-b and its DNA transfer abilities into cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6539-6547. [PMID: 30230543 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo application potential of viral-based gene delivery approaches is hindered by a risk of insertional oncogenesis. Of the many delivery methods, cell-penetrating peptides (CPP)-based delivery has good biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, low efficiency is still the disadvantage of CPPs-based nucleic acid transfection, and delivery efficiency may vary from different CPPs. Here, we describe Scp01-b, as a new CPP, which can enter cultured cell lines and primary cultured cells examined by fluorescence microscopy and quantitative assay, the internalization process is a concentration, temperature, and incubation time-dependent manner. Scp01-b does not insert into the membrane directly and its uptake is mediated through endocytosis pathway. Moreover, Scp01-b could mediate the uptake of plasmid DNA into the Caski and HSC-T6 cells, and we noted that Scp01-b-mediated transfection efficiency was nearly the same with traditional liposome (TurboFectin)-mediated transfection. These findings suggest that Scp01-b can act as a useful tool for non-viral-based delivery in further application such as reprogramming and gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueli Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jingping Geng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Huiting Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Wanzhou, China
| | - Fanhui Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Yanyan Qin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jason Li
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Changbai Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Wu J, Li J, Wang H, Liu CB. Mitochondrial-targeted penetrating peptide delivery for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:951-964. [PMID: 30173542 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1517750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondria are promising targeting organelles for anticancer strategies; however, mitochondria are difficult for antineoplastic drugs to recognize and bind. Mitochondria-penetrating peptides (MPPs) are unique tools to gain access to the cell interior and deliver a bioactive cargo into mitochondria. MPPs have combined or delivered a variety of antitumor cargoes and obviously inhibited the tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. MPPs create new opportunities to develop new treatments for cancer. AREAS COVERED We review the target sites of mitochondria and the target-penetration mechanism of MPPs, different strategies, and various additional strategies decorated MPPs for tumor cell mitochondria targeting, the decorating mattes including metabolism molecules, RNA, DNA, and protein, which exploited considered as therapeutic combined with MPPs and target in human cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION/COMMENTARY Therapeutic selectivity that preferentially targets the mitochondrial abnormalities in cancer cells without toxic impact on normal cells still need to be deepen. Moreover, it needs appropriate study designs for a correct evaluation of the target delivery outcome and the degradation rate of the drug in the cell. Generally, it is optimistic that the advances in mitochondrial targeting drug delivery by MPPs plasticity outlined here will ultimately help to the discovery of new approaches for the prevention and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- a Affiliated Ren He Hospital of China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China.,b Hubei Key Lab. of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China.,c Medical School , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
| | - Jason Li
- d Institute for Cell Engineering , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Hu Wang
- b Hubei Key Lab. of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China.,c Medical School , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China.,d Institute for Cell Engineering , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Chang-Bai Liu
- b Hubei Key Lab. of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China.,c Medical School , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
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58
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Niu X, Gao Z, Qi S, Su L, Yang N, Luan X, Li J, Zhang Q, An Y, Zhang S. Macropinocytosis activated by oncogenic Dbl enables specific targeted delivery of Tat/pDNA nano-complexes into ovarian cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4895-4911. [PMID: 30214196 PMCID: PMC6122892 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s171361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful implementation of gene therapy heavily relies on efficiently delivering genetic materials and specific targeting into cells. Oncogene-driven endocytosis stimulates nutrient uptake and also develops an endocytosis-mediated defense against therapeutic agents. Cell-penetrating peptides, typically HIV-Tat, are well known for efficient delivery of nucleic acid drugs but lack targeting specificity. Various passive targeting strategies were pursued to enhance the tumor targeting efficiency; however, they are still limited by complicated cellular endocytosis routes and the heterogeneity of cancer types. METHODS Tat/pDNA complexes were noncovalently compacted and their physiochemical properties were determined. The siRNA pool and pLV-RNAi-GFP lentivirus were used to knock down dbl oncogene (originally isolated from diffuse B-cell lymphoma) expression, and its overexpression was performed by plasmid transient transfection. The cellular uptake of fluorescent ligands was quantified by confocal imaging and flow cytometry analysis. The transgene efficiency was determined by the Luciferase expression assay. Rho GTPase activation was checked by the GST-Rho GTPase-binding domain pull-down assay. RESULTS pGL3 plasmid DNA was noncovalently compacted with the Tat peptide into nano-size complexes at high N/P ratios. Macropinocytosis, a clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis process, was shown to contribute to the uptake of middle-sized (∼600 nm) Tat/pGL3 complexes. Cell-type-specific variation in macropinocytosis was essentially controlled by the action of the Dbl oncogene. Onco-Dbl presentation constantly induced a high level of macropinocytosis activity in ovarian cancer cells. Onco-Dbl overexpression hyperstimulated macropinocytosis enhancement in cells mainly through actin cytoskeleton reorganization mediated by the PH domain and Rac1 activation. The Dbl-driven Rho GTPase signaling collectively determined the cell-type-specific macropinocytosis phenotype. CONCLUSION Such an aspect can be exploited to selectively confer targeted delivery of Tat/pDNA nano-complexes into ovarian cancer cells. Our work provides a novel alternative for targeted delivery of cell-penetrating peptide-based nucleic acid drugs into certain tumor types if specific endocytosis pathways are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuran Niu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhihui Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shanshan Qi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Linjia Su
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiuli Luan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingli An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihe Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
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59
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60
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Jiang Y, Long H, Zhu Y, Zeng Y. Macrocyclic peptides as regulators of protein-protein interactions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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61
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He L, Sayers EJ, Watson P, Jones AT. Contrasting roles for actin in the cellular uptake of cell penetrating peptide conjugates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7318. [PMID: 29743505 PMCID: PMC5943252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased need for macromolecular therapeutics, such as peptides, proteins and nucleotides, to reach intracellular targets necessitates more effective delivery vectors and a higher level of understanding of their mechanism of action. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) can transport a range of macromolecules into cells, either through direct plasma membrane translocation or endocytosis. All known endocytic pathways involve cell-cortex remodelling, a process shown to be regulated by reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton. Here using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and a variety of actin inhibitors we identify how actin disorganisation in different cell types differentially influences the cellular entry of three probes: the CPP octaarginine - Alexa488 conjugate (R8-Alexa488), octaarginine conjugated Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP-R8), and the fluid phase probe dextran. Disrupting actin organisation in A431 skin epithelial cells dramatically increases the uptake of EGFP-R8 and dextran, and contrasts strongly to inhibitory effects observed with transferrin and R8 attached to the fluorophore Alexa488. This demonstrates that uptake of the same CPP can occur via different endocytic processes depending on the conjugated fluorescent entity. Overall this study highlights how cargo influences cell uptake of this peptide and that the actin cytoskeleton may act as a gateway or barrier to endocytosis of drug delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L He
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - E J Sayers
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - P Watson
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - A T Jones
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3NB, UK.
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62
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Juliano RL. Intracellular Trafficking and Endosomal Release of Oligonucleotides: What We Know and What We Don't. Nucleic Acid Ther 2018; 28:166-177. [PMID: 29708838 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2018.0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of oligonucleotides provides an important basic underpinning for the developing field of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics. Whether delivered as "free" oligonucleotides, as ligand-oligonucleotide conjugates, or in association with various nanocarriers, all forms of oligonucleotide enter cells by endocytosis and are initially ensconced within membrane-limited vesicles. Accordingly, the locus and extent of release to the cytosol and nucleus are key determinants of the pharmacological actions of oligonucleotides. A number of recent studies have explored the intracellular trafficking of various forms of oligonucleotides and their release from endomembrane compartments. These studies reveal a surprising convergence on an early-intermediate compartment in the trafficking pathway as the key locus of release for oligonucleotides administered in "free" form as well as those delivered with lipid complexes. Thus, oligonucleotide release from multivesicular bodies or from late endosomes seems to be the crucial endogenous process for attaining pharmacological effects. This intrinsic process of oligonucleotide release may be amplified by delivery agents such as lipid complexes or small molecule enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Juliano
- Initos Pharmaceuticals LLC, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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63
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Kumar V, Agrawal P, Kumar R, Bhalla S, Usmani SS, Varshney GC, Raghava GPS. Prediction of Cell-Penetrating Potential of Modified Peptides Containing Natural and Chemically Modified Residues. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:725. [PMID: 29706944 PMCID: PMC5906597 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing drug delivery vehicles using cell-penetrating peptides is a hot area of research in the field of medicine. In the past, number of in silico methods have been developed for predicting cell-penetrating property of peptides containing natural residues. In this study, first time attempt has been made to predict cell-penetrating property of peptides containing natural and modified residues. The dataset used to develop prediction models, include structure and sequence of 732 chemically modified cell-penetrating peptides and an equal number of non-cell penetrating peptides. We analyzed the structure of both class of peptides and observed that positive charge groups, atoms, and residues are preferred in cell-penetrating peptides. In this study, models were developed to predict cell-penetrating peptides from its tertiary structure using a wide range of descriptors (2D, 3D descriptors, and fingerprints). Random Forest model developed by using PaDEL descriptors (combination of 2D, 3D, and fingerprints) achieved maximum accuracy of 95.10%, MCC of 0.90 and AUROC of 0.99 on the main dataset. The performance of model was also evaluated on validation/independent dataset which achieved AUROC of 0.98. In order to assist the scientific community, we have developed a web server “CellPPDMod” for predicting the cell-penetrating property of modified peptides (http://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/cellppdmod/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla, India.,Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Piyush Agrawal
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla, India.,Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla, India.,Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sherry Bhalla
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla, India
| | - Salman Sadullah Usmani
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla, India.,Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Grish C Varshney
- Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gajendra P S Raghava
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla, India.,Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, India
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64
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Penetration in 3D tumor spheroids and explants: Adding a further dimension to the structure-activity relationship of cell-penetrating peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1342-1349. [PMID: 29550289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery into tumors and metastases is a major challenge in the eradication of cancers such as epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Cationic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a promising group of delivery vehicles to mediate cellular entry of molecules that otherwise poorly enter cells. However, little is known about their penetration behavior in tissues. Here, we investigated penetration of cationic CPPs in 3D ovarian cancer spheroids and patient-derived 3D tumor explants. Penetration kinetics and distribution after long-term incubation were imaged by confocal microscopy. In addition, spheroids and tumor explants were dissociated and cell-associated fluorescence determined by flow cytometry. CPPs with high uptake activity showed enhanced sequestration in the periphery of the spheroid, whereas less active CPPs were able to penetrate deeper into the tissue. CPPs consisting of d-amino acids were advantageous over l-amino acid CPPs as they showed less but long lasting cellular uptake activity, which benefitted penetration and retention over time. In primary tumor cultures, in contrast to nonaarginine, the amphipathic CPP penetratin was strongly sequestered by cell debris and matrix components pointing towards arginine-rich CPPs as a preferred choice. Overall, the data show that testing in 3D models leads to a different choice of the preferred peptide in comparison to a standard 2D cell culture.
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Kebebe D, Liu Y, Wu Y, Vilakhamxay M, Liu Z, Li J. Tumor-targeting delivery of herb-based drugs with cell-penetrating/tumor-targeting peptide-modified nanocarriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1425-1442. [PMID: 29563797 PMCID: PMC5849936 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s156616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the leading causes of mortality globally. The major challenges of conventional cancer therapy are the failure of most chemotherapeutic agents to accumulate selectively in tumor cells and their severe systemic side effects. In the past three decades, a number of drug delivery approaches have been discovered to overwhelm the obstacles. Among these, nanocarriers have gained much attention for their excellent and efficient drug delivery systems to improve specific tissue/organ/cell targeting. In order to enhance targeting efficiency further and reduce limitations of nanocarriers, nanoparticle surfaces are functionalized with different ligands. Several kinds of ligand-modified nanomedicines have been reported. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are promising ligands, attracting the attention of researchers due to their efficiency to transport bioactive molecules intracellularly. However, their lack of specificity and in vivo degradation led to the development of newer types of CPP. Currently, activable CPP and tumor-targeting peptide (TTP)-modified nanocarriers have shown dramatically superior cellular specific uptake, cytotoxicity, and tumor growth inhibition. In this review, we discuss recent advances in tumor-targeting strategies using CPPs and their limitations in tumor delivery systems. Special emphasis is given to activable CPPs and TTPs. Finally, we address the application of CPPs and/or TTPs in the delivery of plant-derived chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Kebebe
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Maikhone Vilakhamxay
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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66
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Wood MJA, Talbot K, Bowerman M. Spinal muscular atrophy: antisense oligonucleotide therapy opens the door to an integrated therapeutic landscape. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:R151-R159. [PMID: 28977438 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating neuromuscular disorder characterized by loss of spinal cord motor neurons, muscle atrophy and infantile death or severe disability. It is caused by severe reduction of the ubiquitously expressed survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, owing to loss of the SMN1 gene. This would be completely incompatible with survival without the presence of a quasi-identical duplicated gene, SMN2, specific to humans. SMN2 harbours a silent point mutation that favours the production of transcripts lacking exon 7 and a rapidly degraded non-functional SMNΔ7 protein, but from which functional full length SMN protein is produced at very low levels (∼10%). Since the seminal discovery of the SMA-causing gene in 1995, research has focused on the development of various SMN replacement strategies culminating, in December 2016, in the approval of the first precise molecularly targeted therapy for SMA (nusinersen), and a pivotal proof of principle that therapeutic antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) treatment can effectively target the central nervous system (CNS) to treat neurological and neuromuscular disease. Nusinersen is a steric block ASO that binds the SMN2 messenger RNA and promotes exon 7 inclusion and thus increases full length SMN expression. Here, we consider the implications of this therapeutic landmark for SMA therapeutics and discuss how future developments will need to address the challenges of delivering ASO therapies to the CNS, with appropriate efficiency and activity, and how SMN-based therapy should be used in combination with complementary strategies to provide an integrated approach to treat CNS and peripheral pathologies in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford OX1 3QX, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Melissa Bowerman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford OX1 3QX, Oxford, UK
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67
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He Y, Li F, Huang Y. Smart Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Based Techniques for Intracellular Delivery of Therapeutic Macromolecules. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 112:183-220. [PMID: 29680237 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many therapeutic macromolecules must enter cells to take their action. However, their treatment outcomes are often hampered by their poor transportation into target cells. Therefore, efficient intracellular delivery of these macromolecules is critical for improving their therapeutic efficacy. Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-based approaches are one of the most efficient methods for intracellular delivery of macromolecular therapeutics. Nevertheless, poor specificity is a significant concern for systemic administrated CPP-based delivery systems. This chapter will review recent advances in CPP-mediated macromolecule delivery with a focus on various smart strategies which not only enhance the intracellular delivery but also improve the targeting specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United states.
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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68
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinam Park
- Purdue University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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69
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Soler M, González-Bártulos M, Figueras E, Massaguer A, Feliu L, Planas M, Ribas X, Costas M. Delivering aminopyridine ligands into cancer cells through conjugation to the cell-penetrating peptide BP16. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:4061-70. [PMID: 27055538 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00470a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide conjugates incorporating the N-based ligands (Me2)PyTACN or (S,S')-BPBP at the N- or the C-terminus of the cell-penetrating peptide were synthesized (PyTACN-BP16 (), BP16-PyTACN (), BPBP-BP16 (), and BP16-BPBP ()). Metal binding peptides bearing at the N-terminus the ligand, an additional Lys and a β-Ala were also prepared (PyTACN-βAK-BP16 () and BPBP-βAK-BP16 ()). Moreover, taking into account the clathrin-dependent endocytic mechanism of , the enzymatic cleavable tetrapeptide Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly was incorporated between the ligand and the N- or C-terminus of (BPBP-GFLG-BP16 () and BP16-GLFG-BPBP ()). Analysis of the cytotoxicity of all the peptide conjugates showed that: (i) the position of the ligand influenced the IC50 values, (ii) the incorporation of the βAla-Lys dipeptide rendered non active sequences, (iii) peptide conjugates derived from the (S,S')-BPBP ligand were more active than those bearing (Me2)PyTACN, and (iv) the introduction of the cleavable tetrapeptide significantly enhanced the activity of the BPBP conjugates (IC50 of 4.3 to 11.7 μM ( and ) compared to 26.0 to >50 μM (, and )). The most active peptide was BPBP-GFLG-BP16 () (IC50 of 4.3 to 5.0 μM). This high activity was attributed to its high internalization in MCF-7 cells, as shown by flow cytometry, and to the subsequent release of the ligand by the intracellular cleavage of the enzyme-labile spacer, as observed in cathepsin B enzymatic assays. Therefore, these results pave the way for the design of novel peptide conjugates to be used in pro-oxidant anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soler
- QBIS-CAT Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain. and LIPPSO, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - M González-Bártulos
- QBIS-CAT Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain. and Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - E Figueras
- LIPPSO, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A Massaguer
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - L Feliu
- LIPPSO, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - M Planas
- LIPPSO, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - X Ribas
- QBIS-CAT Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - M Costas
- QBIS-CAT Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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70
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Shi NQ, Li Y, Zhang Y, Shen N, Qi L, Wang SR, Qi XR. Intelligent "Peptide-Gathering Mechanical Arm" Tames Wild "Trojan-Horse" Peptides for the Controlled Delivery of Cancer Nanotherapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41767-41781. [PMID: 29161013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), also called "Trojan-Horse" peptides, have been used for facilitating intracellular delivery of numerous diverse cargoes and even nanocarriers. However, the lack of targeting specificity ("wildness" or nonselectivity) of CPP-nanocarriers remains an intractable challenge for many in vivo applications. In this work, we used an intelligent "peptide-gathering mechanical arm" (Int PMA) to curb CPPs' wildness and enhance the selectivity of R9-liposome-based cargo delivery for tumor targeting. The peptide NGR, serving as a cell-targeting peptide for anchoring, and peptide PLGLAG, serving as a substrate peptide for deanchoring, were embedded in the Int PMA motif. The Int PMA construct was designed to be sensitive to tumor microenvironmental stimuli, including aminopeptidase N (CD13) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2/9). Moreover, Int PMA could be specifically recognized by tumor tissues via CD13-mediated anchoring and released for cell entry by MMP-2/9-mediated deanchoring. To test the Int PMA design, a series of experiments were conducted in vitro and in vivo. Functional conjugates Int PMA-R9-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)2000-distearoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DSPE) and R9-PEG2000-DSPE were synthesized by Michael addition reaction and were characterized by thin-layer chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The Int PMA-R9-modified doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (Int PMA-R9-Lip-DOX) exhibited a proper particle diameter (approximately 155 nm) with in vitro sustained release characteristics. Cleavage assay showed that Int PMA-R9 peptide molecules could be cleaved by MMP-2/9 for completion of deanchoring. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy studies indicated that Int PMA-R9-Lip-DOX can respond to both endogenous and exogenous stimuli in the presence/absence of excess MMP-2/9 and MMP-2/9 inhibitor (GM6001) and effectively function under competitive receptor-binding conditions. Moreover, Int PMA-R9-Lip-DOX generated more significant subcellular dispersions that were especially evident within endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. Notably, Int PMA-R9-Lip-DOX could induce enhanced apoptosis, during which caspase 3/7 might be activated. In addition, Int PMA-R9-Lip-DOX displayed enhanced in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy versus "wild" R9-Lip-DOX. On the basis of investigations at the molecular level, cellular level, and animals' level, the control of Int PMA was effective and promoted selective delivery of R9-liposome cargo to the target site and reduced nonspecific uptake. This Int PMA-controlled strategy based on aminopeptidase-guided anchoring and protease-triggered deanchoring effectively curbed the wildness of CPPs and bolstered their effectiveness for in vivo delivery of nanotherapeutics. The specific nanocarrier delivery system used here could be adapted using a variety of intelligent designs based on combinations of multifunctional peptides that would specifically and preferentially bind to tumors versus nontumor tissues for tumor-localized accumulation in vivo. Thus, CPPs have a strong advantage for the development of intelligent nanomedicines for targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Qiu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, Jilin Province, China
| | | | | | | | - Xian-Rong Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China
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71
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Kurrikoff K, Veiman KL, Künnapuu K, Peets EM, Lehto T, Pärnaste L, Arukuusk P, Langel Ü. Effective in vivo gene delivery with reduced toxicity, achieved by charge and fatty acid -modified cell penetrating peptide. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17056. [PMID: 29213085 PMCID: PMC5719086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery systems have gained considerable attention as a promising alternative to viral delivery to treat diseases associated with aberrant gene expression. However, regardless of extensive research, only a little is known about the parameters that underline in vivo use of the nanoparticle-based delivery vectors. The modest efficacy and low safety of non-viral delivery are the two central issues that need to be addressed. We have previously characterized an efficient cell penetrating peptide, PF14, for in vivo applications. In the current work, we first develop an optimized formulation of PF14/pDNA nanocomplexes, which allows removal of the side-effects without compromising the bioefficacy in vivo. Secondly, based on the physicochemical complex formation studies and biological efficacy assessments, we develop a series of PF14 modifications with altered charge and fatty acid content. We show that with an optimal combination of overall charge and hydrophobicity in the peptide backbone, in vivo gene delivery can be augmented. Further combined with the safe formulation, systemic gene delivery lacking any side effects can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaido Kurrikoff
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia. .,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia.
| | - Kadi-Liis Veiman
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Künnapuu
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elin Madli Peets
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Lehto
- Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ly Pärnaste
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Piret Arukuusk
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Langel
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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72
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Starr CG, Wimley WC. Antimicrobial peptides are degraded by the cytosolic proteases of human erythrocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2319-2326. [PMID: 28912099 PMCID: PMC5659893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Well-studied and promising antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), with potent bactericidal activity, in vitro, have yet to have a significant impact in human medicine beyond topical applications. We previously showed that interactions of AMPs with concentrated human erythrocytes inhibit many of them, and suggested that screens and assays should be done in their presence to mimic host cell inhibition. Here, we use AMPs to characterize the activity of proteases that are associated with human erythrocytes. The representative AMPs, ARVA and indolicidin, are degraded significantly during incubation with dilute, washed erythrocytes and yield a variety of degradation products, suggesting significant exopeptidase activity. Comparison of these fragments with those obtained from incubation with serum shows that the proteolytic activity associated with cells yields unique products that are not explained by residual serum proteases. By separately testing the membrane and cytosolic fractions, we show that erythrocyte proteolytic activity is found only in the cytosol. Finally, we incubated a diverse cross-section of natural and synthetic linear AMPs with human erythrocyte cytosolic extracts and observed degradation of all of them. These results show that, in addition to cell binding, proteolysis can also contribute significantly to host cell inhibition of AMPs in vitro and possibly also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Starr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - William C Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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73
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Li P, Chen J, Kashiwagi E, Mizushima T, Han B, Inoue S, Ide H, Izumi K, Miyamoto H. The interaction between androgen receptor and semenogelin I: a synthetic LxxLL peptide antagonist inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:416-420. [PMID: 29136406 PMCID: PMC5808024 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously demonstrated that a seminal plasma protein, semenogelin I (SgI), functioned as an androgen receptor (AR) coactivator. Meanwhile, several short sequence motifs in AR coregulators, such as LxxLL (L=leucine), have been shown to mediate specific interactions with AR. Methods: We investigated the role of the LxxLL motif within SgI in the interactions with AR and cell growth in prostate cancer lines in vitro. Results: A full-length SgI with mutations in the motif (i.e., LxxAA; A=alanine) failed to significantly increase cell proliferation/migration as well as androgen-mediated AR transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation showed no physical interactions between AR and the mutant SgI. In addition, transfection of an 18-amino acid peptide of SgI containing LxxLL, but not LxxAA, resulted in considerable reduction in cell growth and prostate-specific antigen expression in LNCaP and C4-2 lines. Conclusions: The LxxLL motif of SgI could be a novel therapeutic target for both androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Taichi Mizushima
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hiroki Ide
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Koji Izumi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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74
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Bruzzoni-Giovanelli H, Alezra V, Wolff N, Dong CZ, Tuffery P, Rebollo A. Interfering peptides targeting protein-protein interactions: the next generation of drugs? Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:272-285. [PMID: 29097277 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are well recognized as promising therapeutic targets. Consequently, interfering peptides (IPs) - natural or synthetic peptides capable of interfering with PPIs - are receiving increasing attention. Given their physicochemical characteristics, IPs seem better suited than small molecules to interfere with the large surfaces implicated in PPIs. Progress on peptide administration, stability, biodelivery and safety are also encouraging the interest in peptide drug development. The concept of IPs has been validated for several PPIs, generating great expectations for their therapeutic potential. Here, we describe approaches and methods useful for IPs identification and in silico, physicochemical and biological-based strategies for their design and optimization. Selected promising in-vivo-validated examples are described and advantages, limitations and potential of IPs as therapeutic tools are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heriberto Bruzzoni-Giovanelli
- Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; UMRS 1160 Inserm, Paris, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1427 Inserm/AP-HP Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Alezra
- Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Wolff
- Unité de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire des Biomolécules, CNRS, UMR 3528, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Chang-Zhi Dong
- Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Tuffery
- Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Inserm UMR-S 973, RPBS, Paris, France
| | - Angelita Rebollo
- CIMI Paris, UPMC, Inserm U1135, Hôpital Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France.
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75
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Haußner C, Lach J, Eichler J. Synthetic antibody mimics for the inhibition of protein-ligand interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 40:72-77. [PMID: 28735229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rational/structure-based design and/or combinatorial development of molecules capable of selectively binding to a protein, represents a promising strategy for a range of biomedical applications, in particular the inhibition of disease-associated protein-ligand interactions. The design of such protein binding molecules is often based on an antibody against the target protein, or involves the generation of smaller molecules that retain the binding characteristics of the antibody. Alternatively, protein binding molecules can be selected from protein libraries based on small, stably folded protein scaffolds presenting flexible loops, which are randomized in the libraries. In addition to recombinantly synthesized molecules, synthetic antibody paratope mimetic peptides have emerged as promising molecules for the design of antibody mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Haußner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Schuhstr. 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Lach
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Schuhstr. 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Schuhstr. 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
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76
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Gul R, Ahmed N, Shah KU, Khan GM, Asim Ur Rehman. Functionalised nanostructures for transdermal delivery of drug cargos. J Drug Target 2017; 26:110-122. [PMID: 28854819 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1374388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has burgeoned over last decade exploring varieties of novel applications in all areas of science and technology. Utilisation of bio-friendly polymers for engineering nanostructures (NS) improves safety and efficacy in drug delivery. Biopolymers not merely employed for fabricating drug carriers but also leveraged for surface functionalisation of other NS to impart bio-mimicking properties. Biopolymer functionalised NS garnered researcher's attention because of their potential to enhance skin permeability of drug cargo. Biopolymers, i.e. cell-penetrating peptides (CPP), chitosan and hyaluronic acid not only enhance skin permeability but also add multiple functions due to their intrinsic biomimetic properties. This multifunctional drug delivery system is a promising tool to achieve skin delivery of large number of therapeutic agents. In this review, functionalisation of NS with biopolymers particularly polysaccharides and polypeptides is discussed in detail. In particular, applications of these functionalised NS for TDDS is elaborated. Moreover, this review provides framework for elaborating importance of functionalisation of NS to enhance skin permeability and depicts advantages of biopolymers to construct more biocompatible carriers for drug cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Gul
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah Shah
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Asim Ur Rehman
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
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77
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Modification of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells Using Polyethylenimine Combined with Modified TAT Peptide to Enhance BMP-2 Production. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2971413. [PMID: 28951869 PMCID: PMC5603109 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2971413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
With the emerging role of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSC) for bone regeneration and delivery of therapeutic proteins, there is an increasing need for effective gene delivery systems to modify such cells. mTAT, a TAT peptide sequence bearing histidine and cysteine residues, has been successfully used for intracellular gene delivery. Using a gWiz-GFP plasmid, we demonstrated that polyethylenimine combined with mTAT (mTAT/PEI) displayed good transfection efficacy in hUCB-MSC. hUCB-MSC transfected with mTAT/PEI were shown to express more BMP-2 protein and mRNA, indicating the feasibility of using the cells as a BMP-2 delivery system. Importantly, compared to PEI25, a "gold standard" nonviral transfection polymer, mTAT/PEI had limited toxicity to the cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated enhanced osteogenic activity in vitro for BMP-2 expressing hUCB-MSC. These results provide encouraging evidence for the potential use of mTAT/PEI to genetically modify hUCB-MSC as an approach to enhance tissue regeneration.
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Feng C, Rui M, Shen H, Xin Y, Zhang J, Li J, Yue L, Lai W, Xu X. Tumor-specific delivery of doxorubicin through conjugation of pH-responsive peptide for overcoming drug resistance in cancer. Int J Pharm 2017; 528:322-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen J, Ouyang J, Chen Q, Deng C, Meng F, Zhang J, Cheng R, Lan Q, Zhong Z. EGFR and CD44 Dual-Targeted Multifunctional Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels Boost Protein Delivery to Ovarian and Breast Cancers In Vitro and In Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24140-24147. [PMID: 28675028 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein drugs with intracellular targets like Granzyme B (GrB) have demonstrated great proliferative inhibition activity in cancer cells. Their clinical translation, however, relies on the development of safe, efficient, and selective protein-delivery vehicles. Here, we report that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CD44 dual-targeted multifunctional hyaluronic acid nanogels (EGFR/CD44-NGs) boost protein delivery to ovarian and breast cancers in vitro and in vivo. EGFR/CD44-NGs obtained via nanoprecipitation and photoclick chemistry from hyaluronic acid derivatives with tetrazole, GE11 peptide/tetrazole, and cystamine methacrylate groups had nearly quantitative loading of therapeutic proteins like cytochrome C (CC) and GrB, a small size of ca. 165 nm, excellent stability in serum, and fast protein release under a reductive condition. Flow cytometry assays showed that EGFR/CD44-NGs exhibited over 6-fold better uptake in CD44 and EGFR-positive SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells than CD44-NGs. In accordance, GrB-loaded EGFR/CD44-NGs (GrB-EGFR/CD44-NGs) displayed enhanced caspase activity and growth inhibition in SKOV-3 cells as compared to GrB-loaded CD44-NGs (GrB-CD44-NGs) control. Intriguingly, the therapeutic studies in SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma and MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor xenografted in nude mice revealed that GrB-EGFR/CD44-NGs at a low dose of 3.85 nmol GrB equiv/kg induced nearly complete growth suppression of both tumors, which was obviously more effective than GrB-CD44-NGs, without causing any adverse effects. EGFR and CD44 dual-targeted multifunctional hyaluronic acid nanogels have appeared as a safe and efficacious platform for cancer protein therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijun Chen
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Tuttolomondo M, Casella C, Hansen PL, Polo E, Herda LM, Dawson KA, Ditzel HJ, Mollenhauer J. Human DMBT1-Derived Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Intracellular siRNA Delivery. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:264-276. [PMID: 28918028 PMCID: PMC5514624 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising molecule for gene therapy, but its therapeutic administration remains problematic. Among the recently proposed vectors, cell-penetrating peptides show great promise in in vivo trials for siRNA delivery. Human protein DMBT1 (deleted in malignant brain tumor 1) is a pattern recognition molecule that interacts with polyanions and recognizes and aggregates bacteria. Taking advantage of these properties, we investigated whether specific synthetic DMBT1-derived peptides could be used to formulate nanoparticles for siRNA administration. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and UV spectra, we identified two DMBT1 peptides that could encapsulate the siRNA with a self- and co-assembly mechanism. The complexes were stable for at least 2 hr in the presence of either fetal bovine serum (FBS) or RNase A, with peptide-dependent time span protection. ζ-potential, circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy revealed negatively charged nanoparticles with an average diameter of 10–800 nm, depending on the reaction conditions, and a spherical or rice-shaped morphology, depending on the peptide and β-helix conformation. We successfully transfected human MCF7 cells with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-DMBT1-peptide-Cy3-siRNA complexes. Finally, DMBT1 peptides encapsulating an siRNA targeting a fluorescent reporter gene showed efficient gene silencing in MCF7-recombinant cells. These results lay the foundation for a new research line to exploit DMBT1-peptide nanocomplexes for therapeutic siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tuttolomondo
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Cinzia Casella
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Lund Hansen
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ester Polo
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Luciana M Herda
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Jan Mollenhauer
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Murayama T, Masuda T, Afonin S, Kawano K, Takatani‐Nakase T, Ida H, Takahashi Y, Fukuma T, Ulrich AS, Futaki S. Loosening of Lipid Packing Promotes Oligoarginine Entry into Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Murayama
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Masuda
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O.B. 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Kenichi Kawano
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Tomoka Takatani‐Nakase
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8179 Japan
| | - Hiroki Ida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Aramaki Aoba Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST) Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O.B. 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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82
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Murayama T, Masuda T, Afonin S, Kawano K, Takatani‐Nakase T, Ida H, Takahashi Y, Fukuma T, Ulrich AS, Futaki S. Loosening of Lipid Packing Promotes Oligoarginine Entry into Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7644-7647. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Murayama
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Masuda
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O.B. 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Kenichi Kawano
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Tomoka Takatani‐Nakase
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8179 Japan
| | - Hiroki Ida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Aramaki Aoba Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST) Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O.B. 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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83
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Grabowski B, Schmidt MA, Rüter C. Immunomodulatory Yersinia outer proteins (Yops)-useful tools for bacteria and humans alike. Virulence 2017; 8:1124-1147. [PMID: 28296562 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1303588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-pathogenic Yersinia produce plasmid-encoded Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), which are necessary to down-regulate anti-bacterial responses that constrict bacterial survival in the host. These Yops are effectively translocated directly from the bacterial into the target cell cytosol by the type III secretion system (T3SS). Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) in contrast are characterized by their ability to autonomously cross cell membranes and to transport cargo - independent of additional translocation systems. The recent discovery of bacterial cell-penetrating effector proteins (CPEs) - with the prototype being the T3SS effector protein YopM - established a new class of autonomously translocating immunomodulatory proteins. CPEs represent a vast source of potential self-delivering, anti-inflammatory therapeutics. In this review, we give an update on the characteristic features of the plasmid-encoded Yops and, based on recent findings, propose the further development of these proteins for potential therapeutic applications as natural or artificial cell-penetrating forms of Yops might be of value as bacteria-derived biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Grabowski
- a Institute of Infectiology - Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - M Alexander Schmidt
- a Institute of Infectiology - Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Christian Rüter
- a Institute of Infectiology - Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster , Münster , Germany
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84
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Vasu S, McGahon MK, Moffett RC, Curtis TM, Conlon JM, Abdel-Wahab YHA, Flatt PR. Esculentin-2CHa(1-30) and its analogues: stability and mechanisms of insulinotropic action. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:423-435. [PMID: 28115493 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-releasing effects, cellular mechanisms of action and anti-hyperglycaemic activity of 10 analogues of esculentin-2CHa lacking the cyclic C-terminal domain (CKISKQC) were evaluated. Analogues of the truncated peptide, esculentin-2CHa(1-30), were designed for plasma enzyme resistance and increased biological activity. Effects of those analogues on insulin release, cell membrane integrity, membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP levels were determined using clonal BRIN-BD11 cells. Their acute effects on glucose tolerance were investigated using NIH Swiss mice. d-Amino acid substitutions at positions 7(Arg), 15(Lys) and 23(Lys) and fatty acid (l-octanoate) attachment to Lys at position 15 of esculentin-2CHa(1-30) conveyed resistance to plasma enzyme degradation whilst preserving insulin-releasing activity. Analogues, [d-Arg7,d-Lys15,d-Lys23]-esculentin-2CHa(1-30) and Lys15-octanoate-esculentin-2CHa(1-30), exhibiting most promising profiles and with confirmed effects on both human insulin-secreting cells and primary mouse islets were selected for further analysis. Using chemical inhibition of adenylate cyclase, protein kinase C or phospholipase C pathways, involvement of PLC/PKC-mediated insulin secretion was confirmed similar to that of CCK-8. Diazoxide, verapamil and Ca2+ omission inhibited insulin secretion induced by the esculentin-2CHa(1-30) analogues suggesting an action on KATP and Ca2+ channels also. Consistent with this, the analogues depolarised the plasma membrane and increased intracellular Ca2+ Evaluation with fluorescent-labelled esculentin-2CHa(1-30) indicated membrane action, with internalisation; however, patch-clamp experiments suggested that depolarisation was not due to the direct inhibition of KATP channels. Acute administration of either analogue to NIH Swiss mice improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin release similar to that observed with GLP-1. These data suggest that multi-acting analogues of esculentin-2CHa(1-30) may prove useful for glycaemic control in obesity-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Vasu
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Mary K McGahon
- Centre for Experimental MedicineQueens University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Tim M Curtis
- Centre for Experimental MedicineQueens University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - J Michael Conlon
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Yasser H A Abdel-Wahab
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
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85
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Xu W, Meng F. Structural effects and translocation of spontaneous membrane-translocating peptides with POPC bilayer. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s021963361750002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Martini coarse-grained force field simulations have been carried out to estimate the free energy profiles of the spontaneous membrane-translocating peptide TP2 and one negative control peptide ONEG with POPC as the model bilayer. The results show that the free energy minimum of TP2 is [Formula: see text]20[Formula: see text]kJ/mol lower than that of ONEG. In addition, the minimum of TP2 shifts slightly to the bilayer center compared with ONEG. The translocation barrier height for TP2 and ONEG are 119.0[Formula: see text]kJ/mol and 155.7[Formula: see text]kJ/mol, respectively. The lower central energy barrier of TP2 facilitates the transition between two leaflets of POPC. Both translocating peptides induce the formation of funnel-shaped structures at the bilayer center, but TP2 has a more compact structure and brings less perturbation compared with ONEG. Subsequently all atom molecular simulations testify the findings. It is indicated that compared with its negative control ONEG, TP2 binds better with lipid and penetrates deeper into bilayer with less perturbation to the bilayer structure. Our findings may shed light on the design and virtual screening of spontaneous membrane-translocating peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China
| | - Huanjie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical, Research, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China
| | - Weiren Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical, Research, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China
| | - Fancui Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical, Research, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China
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86
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Pärnaste L, Arukuusk P, Langel K, Tenson T, Langel Ü. The Formation of Nanoparticles between Small Interfering RNA and Amphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptides. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017. [PMID: 28624185 PMCID: PMC5363680 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are delivery vectors widely used to aid the transport of biologically active cargoes to intracellular targets. These cargoes include small interfering RNAs (siRNA) that are not naturally internalized by cells. Elucidating the complexities behind the formation of CPP and cargo complexes is crucial for understanding the processes related to their delivery. In this study, we used modified analogs of the CPP transportan10 and investigated the binding properties of these CPPs to siRNA, the formation parameters of the CPP/siRNA complexes, and their stabiliy to enzymatic degradation. We conclude that the pH dependent change of the net charge of the CPP may very well be the key factor leading to the high delivery efficiency and the optimal binding strength between CPPs to siRNAs, while the hydrophobicity, secondary structure of the CPP, and the positions of the positive charges are responsible for the stability of the CPP/siRNA particles. Also, CPPs with distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions may assemble into nanoparticles that could be described as core-shell formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Pärnaste
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1-517, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Piret Arukuusk
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1-517, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kent Langel
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1-517, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1-517, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Langel
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1-517, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
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87
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Acar H, Srivastava S, Chung EJ, Schnorenberg MR, Barrett JC, LaBelle JL, Tirrell M. Self-assembling peptide-based building blocks in medical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 110-111:65-79. [PMID: 27535485 PMCID: PMC5922461 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and peptide-conjugates, comprising natural and synthetic building blocks, are an increasingly popular class of biomaterials. Self-assembled nanostructures based on peptides and peptide-conjugates offer advantages such as precise selectivity and multifunctionality that can address challenges and limitations in the clinic. In this review article, we discuss recent developments in the design and self-assembly of various nanomaterials based on peptides and peptide-conjugates for medical applications, and categorize them into two themes based on the driving forces of molecular self-assembly. First, we present the self-assembled nanostructures driven by the supramolecular interactions between the peptides, with or without the presence of conjugates. The studies where nanoassembly is driven by the interactions between the conjugates of peptide-conjugates are then presented. Particular emphasis is given to in vivo studies focusing on therapeutics, diagnostics, immune modulation and regenerative medicine. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Acar
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mathew R Schnorenberg
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - John C Barrett
- Biophysical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - James L LaBelle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Matthew Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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88
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Peptide-based strategies for enhanced cell uptake, transcellular transport, and circulation: Mechanisms and challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 110-111:52-64. [PMID: 27313077 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are emerging as a new tool in drug and gene delivery. Peptide-drug conjugates and peptide-modified drug delivery systems provide new opportunities to avoid macrophage recognition and subsequent phagocytosis, cross endothelial and epithelial barriers, and enter the cytoplasm of target cells. Peptides are relatively small, low-cost, and are stable in a wide range of biological conditions. In this review, we summarize recent work in designing peptides to enhance penetration of biological barriers, increase cell uptake, and avoid the immune system. We highlight recent successes and contradictory results, and outline common emerging concepts and design rules. The development of sequence-structure-function relationships and standard protocols for benchmarking will be a key to progress in the field.
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89
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Marouseau E, Neckebroeck A, Larkin H, Le Roux A, Volkov L, Lavoie CL, Marsault É. Modular sub-monomeric cell-penetrating guanidine-rich peptoids – synthesis, assembly and biological evaluation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27898a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a guanidinium-rich transporters toolset to study GAG-mediated cell permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Marouseau
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Albane Neckebroeck
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Heidi Larkin
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Antoine Le Roux
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Leonid Volkov
- Biophotonics Core Facility
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Christine L. Lavoie
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
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90
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Quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy and flow cytometry analyses of cell-penetrating peptides internalization pathways: optimization, pitfalls, comparison with mass spectrometry quantification. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36938. [PMID: 27841303 PMCID: PMC5107916 DOI: 10.1038/srep36938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of cell-penetrating peptides entry into cells is unclear, preventing the development of more efficient vectors for biotechnological or therapeutic purposes. Here, we developed a protocol relying on fluorometry to distinguish endocytosis from direct membrane translocation, using Penetratin, TAT and R9. The quantities of internalized CPPs measured by fluorometry in cell lysates converge with those obtained by our previously reported mass spectrometry quantification method. By contrast, flow cytometry quantification faces several limitations due to fluorescence quenching processes that depend on the cell line and occur at peptide/cell ratio >6.108 for CF-Penetratin. The analysis of cellular internalization of a doubly labeled fluorescent and biotinylated Penetratin analogue by the two independent techniques, fluorometry and mass spectrometry, gave consistent results at the quantitative and qualitative levels. Both techniques revealed the use of two alternative translocation and endocytosis pathways, whose relative efficacy depends on cell-surface sugars and peptide concentration. We confirmed that Penetratin translocates at low concentration and uses endocytosis at high μM concentrations. We further demonstrate that the hydrophobic/hydrophilic nature of the N-terminal extremity impacts on the internalization efficiency of CPPs. We expect these results and the associated protocols to help unraveling the translocation pathway to the cytosol of cells.
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91
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Biscans A, Bertrand JR, Dubois J, Rüger J, Vasseur JJ, Sczakiel G, Dupouy C, Debart F. Lipophilic 2′-O-Acetal Ester RNAs: Synthesis, Thermal Duplex Stability, Nuclease Resistance, Cellular Uptake, and siRNA Activity after Spontaneous Naked Delivery. Chembiochem 2016; 17:2054-2062. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Biscans
- IBMM; UMR 5247 CNRS; Université Montpellier; ENSCM; Campus Triolet; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Jean-Rémi Bertrand
- UMR 8203 CNRS; Université Paris-Sud; Gustave Roussy; Université Paris-Saclay; 114 rue Edouard Vaillant 94805 Villejuif Cedex France
| | - Josephine Dubois
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein; Universität zu Lübeck; Ratzeburger Allee 160 23538 Lübeck Germany
| | - Jacqueline Rüger
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein; Universität zu Lübeck; Ratzeburger Allee 160 23538 Lübeck Germany
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- IBMM; UMR 5247 CNRS; Université Montpellier; ENSCM; Campus Triolet; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Georg Sczakiel
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein; Universität zu Lübeck; Ratzeburger Allee 160 23538 Lübeck Germany
| | - Christelle Dupouy
- IBMM; UMR 5247 CNRS; Université Montpellier; ENSCM; Campus Triolet; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Françoise Debart
- IBMM; UMR 5247 CNRS; Université Montpellier; ENSCM; Campus Triolet; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
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92
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Lin W, Xie X, Yang Y, Fu X, Liu H, Yang Y, Deng J. Thermosensitive magnetic liposomes with doxorubicin cell-penetrating peptides conjugate for enhanced and targeted cancer therapy. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3436-3443. [PMID: 27193383 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1189983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huangshi, P.R. China,
| | - Xiangyang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, P.R. China,
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China, and
| | - Xudong Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, P.R. China,
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, P.R. China,
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huangshi, P.R. China,
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93
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Juliano RL. The delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:6518-48. [PMID: 27084936 PMCID: PMC5001581 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The oligonucleotide therapeutics field has seen remarkable progress over the last few years with the approval of the first antisense drug and with promising developments in late stage clinical trials using siRNA or splice switching oligonucleotides. However, effective delivery of oligonucleotides to their intracellular sites of action remains a major issue. This review will describe the biological basis of oligonucleotide delivery including the nature of various tissue barriers and the mechanisms of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of oligonucleotides. It will then examine a variety of current approaches for enhancing the delivery of oligonucleotides. This includes molecular scale targeted ligand-oligonucleotide conjugates, lipid- and polymer-based nanoparticles, antibody conjugates and small molecules that improve oligonucleotide delivery. The merits and liabilities of these approaches will be discussed in the context of the underlying basic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph L Juliano
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy and UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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94
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Kawaguchi Y, Takeuchi T, Kuwata K, Chiba J, Hatanaka Y, Nakase I, Futaki S. Syndecan-4 Is a Receptor for Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1119-30. [PMID: 27019270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) such as Tat and oligoarginine peptides have been widely used as carriers for intracellular delivery of bioactive molecules. Despite accumulating evidence for involvement of endocytosis in the cellular uptake of arginine-rich CPPs, the primary cell-surface receptors for these peptide carriers that would initiate endocytic processes leading to intracellular delivery of bioactive cargoes have remained poorly understood. Our previous attempt to identify membrane receptors for octa-arginine (R8) peptide, one of the representative arginine-rich CPPs, using the photo-cross-linking probe bearing a photoreactive diazirine was not successful due to considerable amounts of cellular proteins nonspecifically bound to the affinity beads. To address this issue, here we developed a photo-cross-linking probe in which a cleavable linker of a diazobenzene moiety was employed to allow selective elution of cross-linked proteins by reducing agent-mediated cleavage. We demonstrated that introduction of the diazobenzene moiety into the photoaffinity probe enables efficient purification of cross-linked proteins with significant reduction of nonspecific binding proteins, leading to successful identification of 17 membrane-associated proteins that would interact with R8 peptide. RNAi-mediated knockdown experiments in combination with the pharmacological inhibitors revealed that, among the proteins identified, syndecan-4, one of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans, is an endogenous membrane-associated receptor for the cellular uptake of R8 peptide via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This syndecan-4-dependent pathway was also involved in the intracellular delivery of bioactive proteins mediated by R8 peptide. These results reveal that syndecan-4 is a primary cell-surface target for R8 peptide that allows intracellular delivery of bioactive cargo molecules via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Kawaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Junya Chiba
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yasumaru Hatanaka
- University Office, University of Toyama , Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University , Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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95
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Groß A, Hashimoto C, Sticht H, Eichler J. Synthetic Peptides as Protein Mimics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 3:211. [PMID: 26835447 PMCID: PMC4717299 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and generation of molecules capable of mimicking the binding and/or functional sites of proteins represents a promising strategy for the exploration and modulation of protein function through controlled interference with the underlying molecular interactions. Synthetic peptides have proven an excellent type of molecule for the mimicry of protein sites because such peptides can be generated as exact copies of protein fragments, as well as in diverse chemical modifications, which includes the incorporation of a large range of non-proteinogenic amino acids as well as the modification of the peptide backbone. Apart from extending the chemical and structural diversity presented by peptides, such modifications also increase the proteolytic stability of the molecules, enhancing their utility for biological applications. This article reviews recent advances by this and other laboratories in the use of synthetic protein mimics to modulate protein function, as well as to provide building blocks for synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Groß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chie Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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