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Zhang Z, Chen X, Chen H, Wang L, Liang J, Luo D, Liu Y, Yang H, Li Y, Xie J, Su Z. Anti-inflammatory activity of β-patchoulene isolated from patchouli oil in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:229-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Cognitive-Enhancing Herbal Formulae in Korean Medicine: Identification of Candidates by Text Mining and Literature Review. J Altern Complement Med 2016; 22:413-8. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2015.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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An Analysis of the Combination Frequencies of Constituent Medicinal Herbs in Prescriptions for the Treatment of Stroke in Korean Medicine: Determination of a Group of Candidate Prescriptions for Universal Use. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2674014. [PMID: 27087820 PMCID: PMC4818814 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2674014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to Western medicine, which typically prescribes one medicine to treat a specific disease, traditional East Asian medicine uses any one of a large number of different prescriptions (mixtures of medicinal herbs), according to the patient's characteristics. Although this can be considered an advantage, the lack of a universal prescription for a specific disease is considered a drawback of traditional East Asian medicine. The establishment of universally applicable prescriptions for specific diseases is therefore required. As a basic first step in this process, this study aimed to select prescriptions used in the treatment of stroke and, through the analysis of medicinal herb combination frequencies, select a high-frequency medicinal herb combination group for further experimental and clinical research. As a result, we selected some candidates of a medicinal herb combination and 13 candidates of a medicinal herb for the treatment of stroke.
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Synergism of Chinese Herbal Medicine: Illustrated by Danshen Compound. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7279361. [PMID: 27190537 PMCID: PMC4846759 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7279361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) are based on the properties of each herb and the strategic combination of herbs in formulae. The herbal formulae are constructed according to Chinese medicine theory: the “Traditional Principles for Constructing Chinese Herbal Medicinal Formulae” and the “Principles of Combining Medicinal Substances.” These principles of formulation detail how and why multiple medicinal herbs with different properties are combined together into a single formula. However, the concept of herbal synergism in CHM still remains a mystery due to lack of scientific data and modern assessment methods. The Compound Danshen Formula (CDF) is a validated formula that has been used to treat a variety of diseases for hundreds of years in China and other countries. The CDF will be employed to illustrate the theory and principle of Chinese herbal medicine formulation. The aim of this review is to describe how Chinese herbal medicinal formulae are constructed according to Chinese medicine theory and to illustrate with scientific evidence how Chinese herbs work synergistically within a formula, thereby supporting Chinese medicine theory and practice.
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Ethanol extract of Kalopanax septemlobus leaf inhibits HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation via inducing cell cycle arrest at G 1 phase. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:344-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Apaya MK, Chang MT, Shyur LF. Phytomedicine polypharmacology: Cancer therapy through modulating the tumor microenvironment and oxylipin dynamics. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:58-68. [PMID: 26969215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrative approaches in cancer therapy have recently been extended beyond the induction of cytotoxicity to controlling the tumor microenvironment and modulating inflammatory cascades and pathways such as lipid mediator biosynthesis and their dynamics. Profiling of important lipid messengers, such as oxylipins, produced as part of the physiological response to pharmacological stimuli, provides a unique opportunity to explore drug pharmacology and the possibilities for molecular management of cancer physiopathology. Whereas single targeted chemotherapeutic drugs commonly lack efficacy and invoke drug resistance and/or adverse effects in cancer patients, traditional herbal medicines are seen as bright prospects for treating complex diseases, such as cancers, in a systematic and holistic manner. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of traditional medicine and its bioactive chemical constituents may aid the modernization of herbal remedies and the discovery of novel phytoagents for cancer management. In this review, systems-based polypharmacology and studies to develop multi-target drugs or leads from phytomedicines and their derived natural products that may overcome the problems of current anti-cancer drugs, are proposed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karmella Apaya
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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57
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Ma BL, Ma YM. Pharmacokinetic herb–drug interactions with traditional Chinese medicine: progress, causes of conflicting results and suggestions for future research. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:1-26. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1124888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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58
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Chen H, Guan B, Shen J. Targeting ONOO -/HMGB1/MMP-9 Signaling Cascades: Potential for Drug Development from Chinese Medicine to Attenuate Ischemic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Thrombolytic Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1159/000442468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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59
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Xing Z, Xia Z, Peng W, Li J, Zhang C, Fu C, Tang T, Luo J, Zou Y, Fan R, Liu W, Xiong X, Huang W, Sheng C, Gan P, Wang Y. Xuefu Zhuyu decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine, provides neuroprotection in a rat model of traumatic brain injury via an anti-inflammatory pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20040. [PMID: 26818584 PMCID: PMC4730240 DOI: 10.1038/srep20040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is central to the pathology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZY) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine to treat TBI. To elucidate its potential molecular mechanism, this study aimed to demonstrate that XFZY functions as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to controlled cortical impact to produce a neuroinflammatory response. The treatment groups received XFZY (9 g/kg and 18 g/kg), Vehicle group and Sham group were gavaged with equal volumes of saline. The modified neurologic severity score (mNSS) and the Morris water maze test were used to assess neurological deficits. Arachidonic acid (AA) levels in brain tissue were measured using tandem gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. TNF-α and IL-1β levels in injured ipsilateral brain tissue were detected by ELISA. AKT and mTOR expression were measured by western blot analysis. The results indicated that XFZY significantly enhanced spatial memory acquisition. XFZY (especially at a dose of 9 g/kg) markedly reduced the mNSS and levels of AA, TNF-α and IL-1β. Significant downregulation of AKT/mTOR/p70S6K proteins in brain tissues was observed after the administration of XFZY (especially at a dose of 9 g/kg). XFZY may be a promising therapeutic strategy for reducing inflammation in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Xing
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Zian Xia
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of traditional Chinese medicine, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
| | - Jun Li
- Thyroid Tumour Internal Medicine Department, Cancer Hospital affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, China
| | - Chunhu Zhang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoyang Medical College Level Specialty School, 422000 Shaoyang, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Jiekun Luo
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Gerontology and Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Xingui Xiong
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Chenxia Sheng
- Department of traditional Chinese medicine, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
| | - Pingping Gan
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
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Kang HJ, Hong SH, Kang KH, Park C, Choi YH. Anti-inflammatory effects of Hwang-Heuk-San, a traditional Korean herbal formulation, on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:447. [PMID: 26698114 PMCID: PMC4690236 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hwang-Heuk-San (HHS), a Korean traditional herbal formula comprising four medicinal herbs, has been used to treat patients with inflammation syndromes and digestive tract cancer for hundreds of years; however, its anti-inflammatory potential is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of HHS using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage model. METHODS The inhibitory effects of HHS on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production were examined using Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection kits. The effects of HHS on the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), IL-1β and TNF-α, their upstream signal proteins, including nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and activator protein (AP-1), were also investigated. RESULTS A noncytotoxic concentration of HHS significantly reduced the production of NO, IL-1β and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, which was correlated with reduced expression of iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α at the mRNA and protein levels. HHS efficiently blocked the phosphorylation of MAPKs, especially that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) but not that of the p38 MAPK. The reduced production of inflammatory molecules by HHS was followed by decreased activity of NF-κB and AP-1. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HHS may offer therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory diseases accompanied by macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Joo Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 52-57, Yangjeong-ro, Busanjin, Busan, 614-052, Republic of Korea.
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, 176 Eomgwangno Busanjin-gu, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 52-57, Yangjeong-ro, Busanjin, Busan, 614-052, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hwa Kang
- Department of physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University, 176 Eomgwangno Busanjin-gu, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, 176 Eomgwangno Busanjin-gu, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University, 176 Eomgwangno Busanjin-gu, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao F, Guochun L, Yang Y, Shi L, Xu L, Yin L. A network pharmacology approach to determine active ingredients and rationality of herb combinations of Modified-Simiaowan for treatment of gout. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 168:1-16. [PMID: 25824593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Modified Simiaowan (MSW) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula and is widely used as a clinically medication formula for its efficiency in treating gouty diseases.To predict the active ingredients in MSW and uncover the rationality of herb combinations of MSW. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three drug-target networks including the "candidate ingredient-target network" (cI-cT) that links the candidate ingredients and targets, the "core ingredient-target-pathway network" connecting core potential ingredients and targets through related pathways, and the "rationality of herb combinations of MSW network", which was derived from the cI-cT network, were developed to dissect the active ingredients in MSW and relationship between ingredients in herb combinations and their targets for gouty diseases. On the other hand, herbal ingredients comparisons were also conducted based on six physicochemical properties to investigate whether the herbs in MSW are similar in chemicals. Moreover, HUVEC viability and expression levels of ICAM-1 induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals were assessed to determine the activities of potential ingredients in MSW. RESULTS Predicted by the core ingredient-target-pathway network, we collected 30 core ingredients in MSW and 25 inflammatory cytokines and uric acid synthetase or transporters, which are effective for gouty treatment through some related pathways. Experimental results also confirmed that those core ingredients could significantly increase HUVEC viability and attenuate the expression of ICAM-1, which supported the effectiveness of MSW in treating gouty diseases. Moreover, heat-clearing and dampness-eliminating herbs in MSW have similar physicochemical properties, which stimulate all the inflammatory and uric acid-lowing targets respectively, while the core drug and basic prescription in MSW stimulate the major and almost all the core targets, respectively. CONCLUSION Our work successfully predicts the active ingredients in MSW and explains the cooperation between these ingredients and corresponding targets through related pathways for gouty diseases, and provides basis for an alternative approach to investigate the rationality of herb combinations of MSW on the network pharmacology level, which might be beneficial to drug development and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Li Guochun
- College of Preclinical Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Changzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Changzhou 213011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lian Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.
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62
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López-Frías G, Camacho-Dávila AA, Chávez-Flores D, Zaragoza-Galán G, Ramos-Sánchez VH. Synthesis of a Functionalized Benzofuran as a Synthon for Salvianolic Acid C Analogues as Potential LDL Antioxidants. Molecules 2015; 20:8654-65. [PMID: 26007172 PMCID: PMC6272376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A palladium mediated synthesis of a common synthon for the syntheses of antioxidant analogues of naturally occurring salvianolic acids is presented. The synthetic route may be used to obtain analogues with a balanced lipophilicity/hydrophilicity which may result in potentially interesting LDL antioxidants for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro A. Camacho-Dávila
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +52-61-423-6600 (ext. 4251); Fax: +52-61-423-6607
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Wu WY, Hou JJ, Long HL, Yang WZ, Liang J, Guo DA. TCM-based new drug discovery and development in China. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:241-50. [PMID: 24863348 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, China has significantly improved the drug development environment by establishing a series of policies for the regulation of new drug approval. The regulatory system for new drug evaluation and registration in China was gradually developed in accordance with international standards. The approval and registration of TCM in China became as strict as those of chemical drugs and biological products. In this review, TCM-based new drug discovery and development are introduced according to the TCM classification of nine categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jin-Jun Hou
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua-Li Long
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Yang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - De-An Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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64
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Li E, Sun N, Zhao JX, Sun YG, Huang JG, Lei HM, Guo JH, Hu YL, Wang WK, Li HQ. In vitro evaluation of antiviral activity of tea seed saponins against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Antivir Ther 2015; 20:743-52. [DOI: 10.3851/imp2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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65
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May BH, Zhang A, Lu Y, Lu C, Xue CCL. The Systematic Assessment of Traditional Evidence from the Premodern Chinese Medical Literature: A Text-Mining Approach. J Altern Complement Med 2014; 20:937-42. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H. May
- Traditional & Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute; WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, Discipline of Chinese Medicine, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Zhang
- Traditional & Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute; WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, Discipline of Chinese Medicine, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yubo Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charlie C. L. Xue
- Traditional & Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute; WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, Discipline of Chinese Medicine, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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66
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Zhang X, Wang G, Gurley EC, Zhou H. Flavonoid apigenin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response through multiple mechanisms in macrophages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107072. [PMID: 25192391 PMCID: PMC4156420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apigenin is a non-toxic natural flavonoid that is abundantly present in common fruits and vegetables. It has been reported that apigenin has various beneficial health effects such as anti-inflammation and chemoprevention. Multiple studies have shown that inflammation is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, diabetes, sepsis, various liver diseases, and other metabolic diseases. Although it has been long realized that apigenin has anti-inflammatory activities, the underlying functional mechanisms are still not fully understood. Methodology and Principal Findings In the present study, we examined the effect of apigenin on LPS-induced inflammatory response and further elucidated the potential underlying mechanisms in human THP-1-induced macrophages and mouse J774A.1 macrophages. By using the PrimePCR array, we were able to identify the major target genes regulated by apigenin in LPS-mediated immune response. The results indicated that apigenin significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α through modulating multiple intracellular signaling pathways in macrophages. Apigenin inhibited LPS-induced IL-1β production by inhibiting caspase-1 activation through the disruption of the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Apigenin also prevented LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-1β production by reducing the mRNA stability via inhibiting ERK1/2 activation. In addition, apigenin significantly inhibited TNF-α and IL-1β-induced activation of NF-κB. Conclusion and Significance Apigenin Inhibits LPS-induced Inflammatory Response through multiple mechanisms in macrophages. These results provided important scientific evidences for the potential application of apigenin as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Guangji Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (GW)
| | - Emily C. Gurley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (GW)
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Zhang C, Jiang M, Zhang G, Bian ZX, Lu AP. Progress and perspectives of biomarker discovery in Chinese medicine research. Chin J Integr Med 2014. [PMID: 25182156 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Biomarker discovery in Chinese medicine (CM) has recently attracted a great deal of attention, owing to the promise of high-throughput technologies development and the potential of Chinese herbal medicine. Furthermore, it seems that pattern classification in CM might be serving as inspirational analogy and a practical guide, which might contribute to biomarkers discovery rather than just being used as diagnostic method. Although much work is still needed to identify markers, efforts are now being directed towards discovering biomarkers or biomarkers based network that could target herbal formulae. In this article, we review progress in biomarker discovery development, discuss current biomarker discovery in CM highlighting challenges and opportunities of pattern classification and presenting a perspective of the future integrative modeling approaches as an emerging trend in biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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Wu XF, Zhang MK, Huang H. Evaluation of analgesic, sedative effects and antimigraine mechanism of Qilong Toutong Granule () in rodents. Chin J Integr Med 2014. [PMID: 24740554 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the analgesic and sedative effects of Qilong Toutong Granule (, QTG) and explore its possible mechanisms. METHODS Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group, Zhengtian Pill (, ZTP) group, Western medicine group, and high-dose (5.2 g/kg), medium-dose (2.6 g/kg) and low-dose (1.3 g/kg) of QTG groups. After completing the prophylactic treatment for 3 days, hot-plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing test were used to assess the analgesic effect, and spontaneous locomotor test and sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis activity were adopted to estimate the sedative effect. Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into normal control group, model group, ZTP group, rizatriptan group, and high-dose (3.6 g/kg), medium-dose (1.8 g/kg), and low-dose (0.9 g/kg) of QTG groups. After gavage for continuous 7 days, rats were intraperitoneally injected nitroglycerin, and 4 h later, blood samples were collected from postcava for measuring the levels of plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and beta-endorphin (β-EP) by radioimmunoassay. Subsequently, rats were perfused transcardially and the brain tissues containing the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) were achieved for detecting the number of Fos-immunoreactive cells by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS In the mice experiments, compared with the normal control group, high- and medium-dose of QTG groups significantly raised the pain threshold (P<0.01), reduced the number of writhing response (P<0.01) and spontaneous activity (P<0.01), but had no influence on the sleeping rate of mice (P>0.05), and low-dose of QTG group also raised the pain threshold at 120 min (P=0.007), as well as lowered locomotor activity of mice at 2 h (P=0.003). On the study of migraine model rats, high- and medium-dose of QTG groups remarkably down-regulated the levels of plasma CGRP (P<0.01), up-regulated the levels of plasma β-EP (P<0.01) and inhibited the expression of Fos protein in TNC (P<0.01), compared with the model group. CONCLUSIONS QTG has obvious analgesic and sedative action and its mechanism on relieving migraine may be through regulating the levels of neurotransmitters and/or neuropeptides, and inhibiting the activation of Fos pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Wu
- Department of Encephalopathy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
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Anti-inflammatory property of the ethanol extract of the root and rhizome of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:434151. [PMID: 24385881 PMCID: PMC3872401 DOI: 10.1155/2013/434151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory property of the ethanol extract of the root and rhizome of Pogostemon cablin (ERP). The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using four animal models including xylene-induced mouse ear edema, acetic acid-induced mouse vascular permeability, carrageenan-induced mouse pleurisy, and carrageenan-induced mouse hind paw edema. Results indicated that oral administration of ERP (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg) significantly attenuated xylene-induced ear edema, decreased acetic acid-induced capillary permeability, inhibited carrageenan-induced neutrophils recruitment, and reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema, in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathologically, ERP (480 mg/kg) abated inflammatory response of the edema paw. Preliminary mechanism studies demonstrated that ERP decreased the level of MPO and MDA, increased the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and GRd), attenuated the productions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE₂ and NO, and suppressed the activities of COX-2 and iNOS. This work demonstrates that ERP has considerable anti-inflammatory potential, which provided experimental evidences for the traditional application of the root and rhizome of Pogostemon cablin in inflammatory diseases.
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Yao Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zheng C, Li P, Huang C, Tao W, Xiao W, Wang Y, Huang L, Yang L. Deciphering the combination principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine from a systems pharmacology perspective based on Ma-huang Decoction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:619-638. [PMID: 24064232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE The main therapeutic concept in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is herb formula, which treats various diseases via potential herb interactions to maximize the efficacy and minimize the adverse effects. However, the combination principle of herb formula still remains a mystery due to the lack of appropriate methods. METHODS A systems pharmacology method integrating the pharmacokinetic analysis, drug targeting, and drug-target-disease network is developed to dissect this rule embedded in the herbal formula. All these are exemplified by a representative TCM formula, Ma-huang decoction, made up of four botanic herbs. RESULTS Based on the deep investigation of the function and compatibility of each herb, in a molecular/systems level, we demonstrate the different pharmacological roles that each herb might play in the prescription. By the way of enhancing the bioavailability and/or making the pharmacological synergy among different herbs, the four herbs effectively combine together to be suitable for treating diseases. CONCLUSIONS The present work lays foundations for a more comprehensive understanding of the combination rule of TCM, which might also be beneficial to drug development and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Deng S, May BH, Zhang AL, Lu C, Xue CCL. Phytotherapy in the management of psoriasis: a review of the efficacy and safety of oral interventions and the pharmacological actions of the main plants. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 306:211-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gu P, Chen H. Modern bioinformatics meets traditional Chinese medicine. Brief Bioinform 2013; 15:984-1003. [DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbt063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Deng S, May BH, Zhang AL, Lu C, Xue CCL. Topical Herbal Formulae in the Management of Psoriasis: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies and Investigation of the Pharmacological Actions of the Main Herbs. Phytother Res 2013; 28:480-97. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Deng
- School of Health Sciences, and Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute; RMIT University; Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Brian H. May
- School of Health Sciences, and Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute; RMIT University; Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Anthony L. Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, and Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute; RMIT University; Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Charlie C. L. Xue
- School of Health Sciences, and Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute; RMIT University; Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
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An overview on structural modifications of ligustrazine and biological evaluation of its synthetic derivatives. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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