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The Effects of the COVID-19 Environments on Changes in Body Composition in Japanese Elite Fencing Athlete. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9070095. [PMID: 34202335 PMCID: PMC8309863 DOI: 10.3390/sports9070095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese government declared a state of emergency from 7 April to 25 May to limit people’s movement due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This pandemic negatively affects athletes’ body composition due to inactivity. Therefore, we compared the body composition data (i.e., fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM)), of 43 Japanese elite fencers (22 men, 21 women), in September 2019 for baseline, and of 21 (12 men, 9 women) who completed the following measurements in June 2020 (POST; immediately after rescinding the emergency state) and September 2020 (POST-4M; 4-months after rescinding the emergency state). Results at baseline indicate no significant differences in body compositions among fencing disciplines. We also confirmed no significant changes in body mass during the 1-year investigation period in either sex. There were no time-course changes in men’s FFM and FM; however, time-course changes in women’s FM were observed. Compared to the baseline, FM values were significantly higher at POST and then returned to baseline levels at POST-4M in women. In conclusion, the 2-month stay-at-home period due to COVID-19 negatively affected women’s FM changes, but not their FFM or men’s FM.
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Brandt L. Supporting Physical Activity at Home to Prevent Functional Decline During a Pandemic: A Case-Based Example. Home Healthc Now 2021; 39:170-171. [PMID: 33955932 DOI: 10.1097/nhh.0000000000000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Brandt
- Lindsay Brandt, PT, DPT, OMPT , is a Visiting Assistant Professor, Physical Therapy Program, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
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Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown and a Subsequent Retraining Period on Elite Athletes' Workload, Performance, and Autonomic Responses: A Case Series. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:1707-1711. [PMID: 33873155 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the effects of COVID-19 lockdown and a subsequent retraining on the training workloads, autonomic responses, and performance of a group of elite athletes. METHODS The training workloads and heart rate variability (assessed through the log-transformed root mean square of successive R-R intervals) of 7 elite badminton players were registered daily during 4 weeks of normal training (baseline), 7 to 10 weeks of lockdown, and 6 to 8 weeks of retraining. Physical performance was assessed at baseline and after each phase by means of a countermovement jump and the estimated squat 1-repetition maximum. RESULTS A reduction in training workloads was observed in all participants during the lockdown (-63.7%), which was accompanied by a reduced heart rate variability in all but one participant (-2.0%). A significant reduction was also observed for countermovement jump (-6.5%) and 1-repetition maximum performance (-11.5%), which decreased in all but one participant after the lockdown. However, after the retraining phase, all measures returned to similar values to those found at baseline. At the individual level, there were divergent responses, as exemplified by one athlete who attenuated the reduction in training workloads and increased her performance during the lockdown and another one who markedly reduced his workload and performance, and got injured during the retraining phase. CONCLUSIONS Although there seems to be a large interindividual variability, COVID-19 lockdown is likely to impose negative consequences on elite athletes, but these detrimental effects might be avoided by attenuating reductions in training workloads and seem to be overall recovered after 6 to 8 weeks of retraining.
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Haan R, Ali Alblooshi ME, Syed DH, Dougman KK, Al Tunaiji H, Campos LA, Baltatu OC. Health and Well-Being of Athletes During the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Scoping Review. Front Public Health 2021; 9:641392. [PMID: 33937171 PMCID: PMC8085390 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.641392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The ongoing global pandemic has become the world's leading health problem, causing massive public fear and concern. Reports suggest that athletes are seeking mental health support, showing the pressures of boredom, and tension associated with their anticipated social isolation. The current study seeks to evaluate the evidence regarding the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on occupational stress in professional athletes. Method: A scoping review was conducted. A comprehensive search involving Embase and PubMed databases was conducted using a combination of the following key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, and athletes. In this study, articles were retained if they were original studies reporting on the impact of the pandemic on professional athletes. Results: Nine studies were identified as they investigated the impact of the pandemic on athletes. Most were observational and cross-sectional, and one was longitudinal. Outcome measures mainly investigated were level of depression, anxiety, and stress. Dependent variables were physical activity, nutrition, mental state, sleep quality, individual well-being, social identity, exclusivity, negative affectivity, alcohol consumption, psychological distress, and gambling habits. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for proactive engagement with professional athletes, coaches, trainers, and sports councils to facilitate understanding and awareness-raising, process optimization, and delivery of consistent training and psychosocial aid and occupational therapy programs that maintain the health and well-being of athletes while minimizing occupational stress during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven Haan
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Dawood Hasan Syed
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Luciana Aparecida Campos
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE) at Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering at Anhembi Morumbi University - Laureate International Universities, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE) at Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering at Anhembi Morumbi University - Laureate International Universities, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
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55
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Mosqueira-Ourens M, Sánchez-Sáez JM, Pérez-Morcillo A, Ramos-Petersen L, López-Del-Amo A, Tuimil JL, Varela-Sanz A. Effects of a 48-Day Home Quarantine during the Covid-19 Pandemic on the First Outdoor Running Session among Recreational Runners in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2730. [PMID: 33800404 PMCID: PMC7967463 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19-induced quarantine may lead to deleterious effects on health status as well as to impaired performance and increased injury risk when re-starting training after lockdown. We investigated the physical activity (PA) habits of recreational runners in Spain during a 48-day home quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic and the characteristics of the first outdoor running session after confinement. A cross-sectional study, including a self-reported running questionnaire completed after the first outdoor running session after quarantine, was performed. Three hundred recreational runners (74% males; 60% 18-40 years old; most typical running experience >3 years, 10-30 km weekly running distance distributed in 3-4 sessions) were considered for analysis. Advanced runners ran, at least, 4 days/week and participated in running events. They performed significantly longer and more non-supervised weekly training sessions during confinement (p < 0.01 for both) than novice and amateur runners. Most runners performed their first outdoor running session on asphalt (65.3%) and ran 5 to 10 km (61%) at a pace above 5 min/km (60%), reporting no pain before (77%), during (64%), and 24 h after (76%) the session. Advanced runners performed a significantly longer running session, at a higher pace, and covered a greater distance (p < 0.01 for all) than novice and amateur runners, while enjoyment and motivation tended to be significantly higher when runners' level increased (p < 0.05). Higher training levels prior to and during confinement may lower the collateral effects (e.g., detraining, injury risk) of home quarantine when runners return to previous PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mosqueira-Ourens
- Departament of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Science, Campus de Los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (J.M.S.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (A.L.-D.-A.)
- ABIDOR, Research Group “Avances en Biomecánica Deportiva y Ortopodología”, Campus de Los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - José M. Sánchez-Sáez
- Departament of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Science, Campus de Los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (J.M.S.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (A.L.-D.-A.)
- ABIDOR, Research Group “Avances en Biomecánica Deportiva y Ortopodología”, Campus de Los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aitor Pérez-Morcillo
- Departament of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Science, Campus de Los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (J.M.S.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (A.L.-D.-A.)
- ABIDOR, Research Group “Avances en Biomecánica Deportiva y Ortopodología”, Campus de Los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Ramos-Petersen
- Departament of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Science, Campus de Los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (J.M.S.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (A.L.-D.-A.)
- ABIDOR, Research Group “Avances en Biomecánica Deportiva y Ortopodología”, Campus de Los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrés López-Del-Amo
- Departament of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Science, Campus de Los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (J.M.S.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (A.L.-D.-A.)
- ABIDOR, Research Group “Avances en Biomecánica Deportiva y Ortopodología”, Campus de Los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - José L. Tuimil
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of La Coruña, Bastiagueiro, 15179 Oleiros, Spain; (J.L.T.); (A.V.-S.)
| | - Adrián Varela-Sanz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of La Coruña, Bastiagueiro, 15179 Oleiros, Spain; (J.L.T.); (A.V.-S.)
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Xia W, Huang CH, Guo Y, Guo MG, Hu M, Dai J, Deng CH. The Physical Fitness Level of College Students Before and After Web-Based Physical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:726712. [PMID: 34722419 PMCID: PMC8549568 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.726712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been an emergency worldwide. Web-based physical education is a choice for college students to keep on their study. The aim of this study was to compare the data of physical fitness of college students before and after web-based physical education. Methods: All the students of 2018 and 2019 in Wuhan University of Technology who had taken the web-based physical education class in 2020 were included in this study. The records of annual physical fitness tests of all the subjects in 2019 and 2020 which were carried out in September were reviewed, including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), vital capacity (VC), 50-m dash, sit-and-reach, standing long jump, male-specific pull-ups and 1,000-m race, and female-specific sit-ups and 800-m race. Results: There were 24,112 male and 9,690 female records of physical fitness tests included in our study. The results of 11,219 male and 4,651 female students who completed both physical fitness tests in 2019 and 2020 were employed for Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Declined performance was observed on male 50-m dash by 0.1 s, male 1,000-m race by 14 s, and female 800-m race by 11 s. Notably, the percentage of male obesity, based on BMI, rose from 10.6 to 15.2% and 17.1 to 21.8% for male overweight; correspondingly, the percentage of male normal weight declined from 55.9 to 51.9% and 16.4 to 11.1% for male thinness. The trend of increasing BMI in males should be paid attention to. Improved results on vital capacity, sit-and-reach, standing long jump for both males and females, female 50-m dash, female sit-ups, and male pull-ups were observed in 2020. All the results of physical fitness tests were significantly different between 2019 and 2020 (p < 0.01) by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Conclusions: The changes of physical fitness tests before and after web-based physical education suggested that the focus should be placed on improvement for running tests through appropriate alternatives, such as fast running in place and shuttle run. In addition, the simple, convenient, and practical sport that require available equipment and little field should be considered for web-based physical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Department of Imaging Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai-Hong Huang
- School of Physical Education, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Imaging Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min-Gang Guo
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Dai
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Hu Deng
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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