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Akasaki Y, Reixach N, Matsuzaki T, Alvarez-Garcia O, Olmer M, Iwamoto Y, Buxbaum JN, Lotz MK. Transthyretin deposition in articular cartilage: a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2097-107. [PMID: 25940564 DOI: 10.1002/art.39178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amyloid deposits are prevalent in osteoarthritic (OA) joints. We undertook this study to define the dominant precursor and to determine whether the deposits affect chondrocyte functions. METHODS Amyloid deposition in human normal and OA knee cartilage was determined by Congo red staining. Transthyretin (TTR) in cartilage and synovial fluid was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The effects of recombinant amyloidogenic and nonamyloidogenic TTR variants were tested in human chondrocyte cultures. RESULTS Normal cartilage from young donors did not contain detectable amyloid deposits, but 7 of 12 aged normal cartilage samples (58%) and 12 of 12 OA cartilage samples (100%) had Congo red staining with green birefringence under polarized light. TTR, which is located predominantly at the cartilage surfaces, was detected in all OA cartilage samples and in a majority of aged normal cartilage samples, but not in normal cartilage samples from young donors. Chondrocytes and synoviocytes did not contain significant amounts of TTR messenger RNA. Synovial fluid TTR levels were similar in normal and OA knees. In cultured chondrocytes, only an amyloidogenic TTR variant induced cell death as well as the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes. The effects of amyloidogenic TTR on gene expression were mediated in part by Toll-like receptor 4, receptor for advanced glycation end products, and p38 MAPK. TTR-induced cytotoxicity was inhibited by resveratrol, a plant polyphenol that stabilizes the native tetrameric structure of TTR. CONCLUSION These findings are the first to suggest that TTR amyloid deposition contributes to cell and extracellular matrix damage in articular cartilage in human OA and that therapies designed to reduce TTR amyloid formation might be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Akasaki
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | | | - Merissa Olmer
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Yukihide Iwamoto
- Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Martin K Lotz
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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52
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Sekijima Y. Transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis: clinical spectrum, molecular pathogenesis and disease-modifying treatments. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 86:1036-43. [PMID: 25604431 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-308724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is a life-threatening, gain-of-toxic-function disease characterised by extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils composed of transthyretin (TTR). TTR protein destabilised by TTR gene mutation is prone to dissociate from its native tetramer to monomer, and to then misfold and aggregate into amyloid fibrils, resulting in autosomal dominant hereditary amyloidosis, including familial amyloid polyneuropathy, familial amyloid cardiomyopathy and familial leptomeningeal amyloidosis. Analogous misfolding of wild-type TTR results in senile systemic amyloidosis, now termed wild-type ATTR amyloidosis, characterised by acquired amyloid disease in the elderly. With the availability of genetic, biochemical and immunohistochemical diagnostic tests, patients with ATTR amyloidosis have been found in many nations; however, misdiagnosis is still common and considerable time is required before correct diagnosis in many cases. The current standard first-line treatment for hereditary ATTR amyloidosis is liver transplantation, which allows suppression of the main source of variant TTR. However, large numbers of patients are not suitable transplant candidates. Recently, the clinical effects of TTR tetramer stabilisers, diflunisal and tafamidis, were demonstrated in randomised clinical trials, and tafamidis has been approved for treatment of hereditary ATTR amyloidosis in European countries and in Japan. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs for suppression of variant and wild-type TTR synthesis are promising therapeutic approaches to ameliorate ATTR amyloidosis and are currently in phase III clinical trials. These newly developed therapies are expected to be effective for not only hereditary ATTR amyloidosis but also wild-type ATTR amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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53
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Protective role of anakinra against transthyretin-mediated axonal loss and cell death in a mouse model of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 74:203-17. [PMID: 25668561 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is characterized by a length-dependent axonal loss in the peripheral nervous system that results from deposition of extracellular prefibrillar transthyretin (TTR) and amyloid fibrils. We have previously shown that an inflammatory stimulus in the peripheral nerve in a mouse model of FAP triggers local TTR expression and deposition, leading to poor regeneration. We also demonstrated that blocking interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling by the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra is beneficial in preventing nerve TTR deposition and associated toxicity. Here, we investigated whether IL-1 signaling influences TTR biology after an injury stimulus in a V30M FAP mouse model. Animals were treated with anakinra 48 hours before sciatic nerve ligation; the nerves were analyzed 7 days postlesion. Anakinra decreased TTR expression by Schwann cells and TTR extracellular deposition after nerve injury, which resulted in improved regeneration. Moreover, treated mice had less apoptotic cell death. In wild-type mice, inflammation is important for regeneration but, in the FAP model mice, an altered threshold of the inflammatory response differentially regulates TTR. Taken together, our results show that anakinra administration before injury can modulate TTR-induced peripheral nervous system pathology, thereby corroborating the protective interference of this drug in a FAP preclinical model.
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Goury A, Meghraoui-Kheddar A, Belmokhtar K, Vuiblet V, Ortillon J, Jaisson S, Devy J, Le Naour R, Tabary T, Cohen JHM, Schmidt AM, Rieu P, Touré F. Deletion of receptor for advanced glycation end products exacerbates lymphoproliferative syndrome and lupus nephritis in B6-MRL Fas lpr/j mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3612-22. [PMID: 25762779 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor that interacts with advanced glycation end products, but also with C3a, CpG DNA oligonucleotides, and alarmin molecules such as HMGB1 to initiate a proinflammatory reaction. Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder associated with the accumulation of RAGE ligands. We generated mice invalidated for RAGE in the lupus-prone B6-MRL Fas lpr/j background to determine the role of RAGE in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. We compared the phenotype of these mice with that of their wild-type and B6-MRL Fas lpr/j littermates. Lymphoproliferative syndrome, production of anti-dsDNA Abs, lupus nephritis, and accumulation of CD3(+)B220(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) autoreactive T cells (in the peripheral blood and the spleen) were significantly increased in B6-MRL Fas lpr/j RAGE(-/-) mice compared with B6-MRL Fas lpr/j mice (respectively p < 0.005, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001). A large proportion of autoreactive T cells from B6-MRL Fas lpr/j mice expressed RAGE at their surface. Time course studies of annexin V expression revealed that autoreactive T cells in the spleen of B6-MRL Fas lpr/j-RAGE(-/-) mice exhibited a delay in apoptosis and expressed significantly less activated caspase 3 (39.5 ± 4.3%) than T cells in B6-MRL Fas lpr/j mice (65.5 ± 5.2%) or wild-type mice (75.3 ± 2.64%) (p = 0.02). We conclude that the deletion of RAGE in B6-MRL Fas lpr/j mice promotes the accumulation of autoreactive CD3(+)B220(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells, therefore exacerbating lymphoproliferative syndrome, autoimmunity, and organ injury. This suggests that RAGE rescues the apoptosis of T lymphocytes when the death receptor Fas/CD95 is dysfunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Goury
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Néphrologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire), 51100 Reims, France; Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Aïda Meghraoui-Kheddar
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA4683 (Immunité Adaptative et Fonctionnalité des Barrières Biologiques), 51100 Reims, France
| | - Karim Belmokhtar
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Néphrologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire), 51100 Reims, France; Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Vincent Vuiblet
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Néphrologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire), 51100 Reims, France; Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Jeremy Ortillon
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Néphrologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire), 51100 Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Jaisson
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Néphrologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire), 51100 Reims, France
| | - Jerôme Devy
- Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire Signalisation et Récepteurs Matriciels, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire), 51100 Reims, France
| | - Richard Le Naour
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA4683 (Immunité Adaptative et Fonctionnalité des Barrières Biologiques), 51100 Reims, France
| | - Thierry Tabary
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences EA4682 et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims 51100, France; and
| | - Jacques H M Cohen
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences EA4682 et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims 51100, France; and
| | | | - Philippe Rieu
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Néphrologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire), 51100 Reims, France; Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Fatouma Touré
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Néphrologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire), 51100 Reims, France; Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51100 Reims, France;
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Amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic transthyretin variants interact differently with human cardiomyocytes: insights into early events of non-fibrillar tissue damage. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20140155. [PMID: 25395306 PMCID: PMC4293901 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20140155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TTR (transthyretin) amyloidoses are diseases characterized by the aggregation and extracellular deposition of the normally soluble plasma protein TTR. Ex vivo and tissue culture studies suggest that tissue damage precedes TTR fibril deposition, indicating that early events in the amyloidogenic cascade have an impact on disease development. We used a human cardiomyocyte tissue culture model system to define these events. We previously described that the amyloidogenic V122I TTR variant is cytotoxic to human cardiac cells, whereas the naturally occurring, stable and non-amyloidogenic T119M TTR variant is not. We show that most of the V122I TTR interacting with the cells is extracellular and this interaction is mediated by a membrane protein(s). In contrast, most of the non-amyloidogenic T119M TTR associated with the cells is intracellular where it undergoes lysosomal degradation. The TTR internalization process is highly dependent on membrane cholesterol content. Using a fluorescent labelled V122I TTR variant that has the same aggregation and cytotoxic potential as the native V122I TTR, we determined that its association with human cardiomyocytes is saturable with a KD near 650 nM. Only amyloidogenic V122I TTR compete with fluorescent V122I for cell-binding sites. Finally, incubation of the human cardiomyocytes with V122I TTR but not with T119M TTR, generates superoxide species and activates caspase 3/7. In summary, our results show that the interaction of the amyloidogenic V122I TTR is distinct from that of a non-amyloidogenic TTR variant and is characterized by its retention at the cell membrane, where it initiates the cytotoxic cascade.
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56
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Interactions of Lipid Membranes with Fibrillar Protein Aggregates. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 855:135-55. [PMID: 26149929 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17344-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are an intriguing class of protein aggregates with distinct physicochemical, structural and morphological properties. They display peculiar membrane-binding behavior, thus adding complexity to the problem of protein-lipid interactions. The consensus that emerged during the past decade is that amyloid cytotoxicity arises from a continuum of cross-β-sheet assemblies including mature fibrils. Based on literature survey and our own data, in this chapter we address several aspects of fibril-lipid interactions, including (i) the effects of amyloid assemblies on molecular organization of lipid bilayer; (ii) competition between fibrillar and monomeric membrane-associating proteins for binding to the lipid surface; and (iii) the effects of lipids on the structural morphology of fibrillar aggregates. To illustrate some of the processes occurring in fibril-lipid systems, we present and analyze fluorescence data reporting on lipid bilayer interactions with fibrillar lysozyme and with the N-terminal 83-residue fragment of amyloidogenic mutant apolipoprotein A-I, 1-83/G26R/W@8. The results help understand possible mechanisms of interaction and mutual remodeling of amyloid fibers and lipid membranes, which may contribute to amyloid cytotoxicity.
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57
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Moreira L, Beirão JM, Beirão I, Pinho e Costa P. Oligomeric TTR V30M aggregates compromise cell viability, erythropoietin gene expression and promoter activity in the human hepatoma cell line Hep3B. Amyloid 2015; 22:93-9. [PMID: 26088020 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2015.1007497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy, ATTRV30M (p. TTRV50M) amyloidosis, is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by systemic extracellular amyloid deposition of a mutant transthyretin, TTR V30M. Anemia, with low erythropoietin (EPO) levels and spared kidney function, affects about 25% of symptomatic patients, suggesting a blockage of EPO-producing cells. Early non-fibrillar TTR aggregates are highly cytotoxic, inducing oxidative stress, the expression of apoptosis-related molecules and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, factors capable of inhibiting EPO production. Low EPO levels in these patients are not related to renal amyloid deposition or the presence of circulating TTR V30M. However, the role of early non-fibrillar TTR aggregates remains unexplored. We used the EPO producing Hep3B human hepatoma cell line to study the effect of TTR oligomeric aggregates on EPO expression. Hep3B cells were incubated with soluble and oligomeric TTR V30M, and cell proliferation as well as caspase 3/7 activation was evaluated. Relative quantification of EPO mRNA transcripts was performed by real-time PCR. Significant reductions in cell viability (13 ± 7.3%) and activation of caspases 3/7 were seen after 24 h in the presence of oligomeric TTR V30M. Also, EPO expression was significantly reduced (50 ± 2.8%), in normoxic conditions. A reporter assay was constructed with a PCR fragment of the EPO promoter linked to the luciferase gene to evaluate the role of transcription factors targeting the promoter. A significant reduction of EPO promoter activity (53 ± 6.5%) was observed in transfected cells exposed to TTR oligomers. Our results show that oligomeric TTR V30M reduces EPO expression, at least in part through inhibition of promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Moreira
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge , INSA I.P., Porto , Portugal
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Gonçalves NP, Costelha S, Saraiva MJ. Glial cells in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:177. [PMID: 25519307 PMCID: PMC4280682 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transthyretin V30M mutation is the most common variant leading to Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy. In this genetic disorder, Transthyretin accumulates preferentially in the extracellular matrix of peripheral and autonomic nervous systems leading to cell death and dysfunction. Thus, knowledge regarding important biological systems for Transthyretin clearance might unravel novel insights into Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy pathophysiology. Herein, our aim was to evaluate the ability of glial cells from peripheral and autonomic nervous systems in Transthyretin uptake and degradation. We assessed the role of glial cells in Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy pathogenesis with real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, interference RNA and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Histological examination revealed that Schwann cells and satellite cells, from an Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy mouse model, internalize and degrade non-fibrillar Transthyretin. Immunohistochemical studies of human nerve biopsies from V30M patients and disease controls showed intracellular Transthyretin immunoreactivity in Schwann cells, corroborating animal data. Additionally, we found Transthyretin expression in colon of this Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy mouse model, probably being synthesized by satellite cells of the myenteric plexus. CONCLUSIONS Glial cells from the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems are able to internalize Transthyretin. Overall, these findings bring to light the closest relationship between Transthyretin burden and clearance from the nervous system extracellular milieu.
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Conejos-Sánchez I, Cardoso I, Oteo-Vives M, Romero-Sanz E, Paul A, Sauri AR, Morcillo MA, Saraiva MJ, Vicent MJ. Polymer-doxycycline conjugates as fibril disrupters: an approach towards the treatment of a rare amyloidotic disease. J Control Release 2014; 198:80-90. [PMID: 25481444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The term amyloidosis describes neurological diseases where an abnormal protein is misfolded and accumulated as deposits in organs and tissues, known as amyloid, disrupting their normal function. In the most common familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), transthyretin (TTR) displays this role primarily affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Advanced stages of this inherited rare amyloidosis, present as fibril deposits that are responsible for disease progression. In order to stop disease progression, herein we designed an efficient family of nanoconjugates as fibril disrupters. These polymer conjugates are based on doxycycline (doxy), already in phase II trials for Alzheimer's disease, covalently linked to poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA). The conjugates were rationally designed, looking at drug loading and drug release rate by adequate linker design, always considering the physiological conditions at the molecular target site. Conjugation of doxycycline exhibited greater potential towards TTR fibril disaggregation in vitro compared to the parent drug. Exhaustive physico-chemical evaluation of these polymer-drug conjugates concluded that drug release was unnecessary for activity, highlighting the importance of an appropriate linker. Furthermore, biodistribution studies through optical imaging (OI) and the use of radiolabelled polymer-drug conjugates demonstrated conjugate safety profile and renal clearance route of the selected PGA-doxy candidate, settling the adequacy of our conjugate for future in vivo evaluation. Furthermore, preliminary studies in an FAP in vivo model at early stages of disease development showed non-organ toxicity evidences. This nanosized-system raises a promising treatment for advanced stages of this rare amyloidotic disease, and also presents a starting point for possible application within other amyloidosis-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Conejos-Sánchez
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab., Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Rua do Campo Alegre 823, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| | - Marta Oteo-Vives
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romero-Sanz
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Alison Paul
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Amparo Ruiz Sauri
- Pathology Department, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibáñez 15, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Miguel A Morcillo
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Maria J Saraiva
- Instituto de Biología Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Rua do Campo Alegre 823, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab., Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain.
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60
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Salahuddin P, Rabbani G, Khan RH. The role of advanced glycation end products in various types of neurodegenerative disease: a therapeutic approach. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2014; 19:407-37. [PMID: 25141979 PMCID: PMC6275793 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-014-0205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycation is initiated by a nucleophilic addition reaction between the free amino group from a protein, lipid or nucleic acid and the carbonyl group of a reducing sugar. This reaction forms a reversible Schiff base, which rearranges over a period of days to produce ketoamine or Amadori products. The Amadori products undergo dehydration and rearrangements and develop a cross-link between adjacent proteins, giving rise to protein aggregation or advanced glycation end products (AGEs). A number of studies have shown that glycation induces the formation of the β-sheet structure in β-amyloid protein, α-synuclein, transthyretin (TTR), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (Cu, Zn-SOD-1), and prion protein. Aggregation of the β-sheet structure in each case creates fibrillar structures, respectively causing Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, and prion disease. It has been suggested that oligomeric species of glycated α-synuclein and prion are more toxic than fibrils. This review focuses on the pathway of AGE formation, the synthesis of different types of AGE, and the molecular mechanisms by which glycation causes various types of neurodegenerative disease. It discusses several new therapeutic approaches that have been applied to treat these devastating disorders, including the use of various synthetic and naturally occurring inhibitors. Modulation of the AGE-RAGE axis is now considered promising in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, the review covers several defense enzymes and proteins in the human body that are important anti-glycating systems acting to prevent the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Salahuddin
- Distributed Information Sub Center Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002 India
| | - Gulam Rabbani
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002 India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002 India
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Gonçalves NP, Vieira P, Saraiva MJ. Interleukin-1 signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in transthyretin amyloidosis. Amyloid 2014; 21:175-84. [PMID: 24918964 PMCID: PMC4196507 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2014.927759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is a key pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). Among all inflammatory cytokines associated with FAP, IL-1β, in particular, has been implicated in playing a key pathogenic role. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether blocking IL-1β signaling provides disease-modifying benefits in an FAP mouse model. METHODS We assessed the effect of chronic administration of Anakinra, an IL-1 antagonist, on FAP pathogenesis in vivo, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry (SQ-IHC), western blot and nerve morphometric analyses. RESULTS We found that treatment with Anakinra prevents transthyretin (TTR) extracellular deposition in sciatic nerve, protecting unmyelinated nerve fibers from aggregate-induced degeneration. Moreover, Anakinra administration significantly suppressed IL-1 signaling pathway and inhibited apoptosis and nitrative stress. CONCLUSIONS The present work highlights the relevance of the IL-1 signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of FAP. Our results bring to light the importance of non-amyloid targets in the therapeutic strategies for this disorder. Thus, we propose the use of Anakinra as a potential therapeutic agent for TTR-related amyloidosis.
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MESH Headings
- Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/drug therapy
- Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/immunology
- Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/pathology
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/immunology
- Ganglia, Spinal/pathology
- Gene Expression
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/pharmacology
- Interleukin-1beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-1beta/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/drug effects
- Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/immunology
- Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/pathology
- Oxidative Stress
- Prealbumin/chemistry
- Prealbumin/genetics
- Protein Aggregates
- Protein Aggregation, Pathological/drug therapy
- Protein Aggregation, Pathological/immunology
- Protein Aggregation, Pathological/pathology
- Sciatic Nerve/drug effects
- Sciatic Nerve/immunology
- Sciatic Nerve/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Pereira Gonçalves
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo AlegrePortoPortugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Paulo Vieira
- Unité du Développement des Lymphocytes, Département d’Immunologie, Institut PasteurParis, CEDEXFrance
| | - Maria João Saraiva
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo AlegrePortoPortugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
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Beirão JM, Moreira LM, Oliveira JC, Menéres MJ, Pessoa BB, Matos ME, Costa PP, Torres PA, Beirão IB. Aqueous humor erythropoietin levels in open-angle glaucoma patients with and without TTR V30M familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Mol Vis 2014; 20:970-6. [PMID: 25018619 PMCID: PMC4087117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) patients. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine that has been shown to play a role in neuroprotection and is endogenously produced in the eye. EPO levels in the aqueous humor are increased in eyes with glaucoma. In this study, we evaluated the EPO concentration in the aqueous humor of FAP and non-FAP patients, with and without glaucoma. METHODS Undiluted aqueous humor samples were obtained from 42 eyes that underwent glaucoma surgery, phacoemulsification, or vitrectomy. EPO concentration in the aqueous humor and blood were measured using the Immulite 2000 Xpi using an automatic analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics). RESULTS The mean EPO concentration in the aqueous humor of non-FAP glaucoma eyes group 2 (75.73±13.25 mU/ml) was significantly higher than non-FAP cataract eyes (17.22±5.33 mU/ml; p<0.001), FAP glaucoma eyes (18.82±10.16 mU/ml; p<0.001), and FAP nonglaucoma eyes (20.62±6.22 mU/ml; p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between FAP nonglaucoma eyes versus non-FAP cataract eyes (p = 0.23) and FAP glaucoma eyes versus FAP nonglaucoma eyes (p = 0.29). In the glaucoma groups, there was no correlation between the aqueous humor EPO concentration and the ocular pressure (p = 0.95) and mean deviation (p = 0.41). There was no correlation between the EPO serum concentration and EPO aqueous humor concentration in our patients (p = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS Unlike other glaucomatous patients, FAP patients with glaucoma do not show increased and potentially neuroprotective endocular EPO production in the aqueous humor and may need more aggressive glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M. Beirão
- Ophthalmology, Hospital de Santo António, Porto,Unidade Clínica de Paramiloidose, Hospital de Santo António, Porto,UMIB, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto
| | - Luciana M. Moreira
- UMIB, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto,INSA Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto
| | | | - Maria J. Menéres
- Ophthalmology, Hospital de Santo António, Porto,UMIB, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto
| | | | - Maria E. Matos
- UMIB, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto
| | - Paulo P. Costa
- UMIB, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto,INSA Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto
| | - Paulo A. Torres
- Ophthalmology, Hospital de Santo António, Porto,UMIB, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto
| | - Idalina B. Beirão
- Unidade Clínica de Paramiloidose, Hospital de Santo António, Porto,UMIB, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto
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63
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Gonçalves NP, Teixeira-Coelho M, Saraiva MJ. The inflammatory response to sciatic nerve injury in a familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy mouse model. Exp Neurol 2014; 257:76-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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64
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Xian YF, Su ZR, Chen JN, Lai XP, Mao QQ, Cheng CHK, Ip SP, Lin ZX. Isorhynchophylline improves learning and memory impairments induced by D-galactose in mice. Neurochem Int 2014; 76:42-9. [PMID: 24984171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Isorhynchophylline (IRN), an alkaloid isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla, has been reported to improve cognitive impairment induced by beta-amyloid in rats. However, whether IRN could also ameliorate the D-galactose (D-gal)-induced mouse memory deficits is still not clear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether IRN had potential protective effect against the D-gal-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Mice were given a subcutaneous injection of D-gal (100mg/kg) and orally administered IRN (20 or 40mg/kg) daily for 8weeks, followed by assessing spatial learning and memory function by the Morris water maze test. The results showed that IRN significantly improved spatial learning and memory function in the D-gal-treated mice. In the mechanistic studies, IRN significantly increased the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), while decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissues of the D-gal-treated mice. Moreover, IRN (20 or 40mg/kg) significantly inhibited the production of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO), and the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the brain tissues of D-gal-treated mice. Our results amply demonstrated that IRN was able to ameliorate cognitive deficits induced by D-gal in mice, and the observed cognition-improving action may be mediated, at least in part, through enhancing the antioxidant status and anti-inflammatory effect of brain tissues via NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Nan Chen
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Lai
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qiu Mao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christopher H K Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Po Ip
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
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65
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Kawaji T, Inoue T, Hara R, Eiki D, Ando Y, Tanihara H. Long-term outcomes and complications of trabeculectomy for secondary glaucoma in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96324. [PMID: 24802803 PMCID: PMC4011686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Secondary glaucoma is a serious complication in patients with transthyretin (TTR)-related familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). We assessed the long-term outcomes and complications of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) for secondary glaucoma associated with FAP. Methods Medical case records of Kumamoto University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-one eyes of 13 patients (10 with FAP ATTR Val30Met; 3 with FAP ATTR Tyr114Cys) underwent trabeculectomy with MMC and follow-up of at least 2 years. The primary outcome measure was Kaplan-Meier survival, with failure of this treatment being defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of ≤5 mm Hg or ≥22 mm Hg on two consecutive visits or as additional operations needed to reduce IOP. Secondary outcome measures included complications, bleb characteristics, and additional postoperative interventions required. Results The mean postoperative follow-up period was 5.7 years (range, 2.2–12.7 years). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated probabilities of success of 0.76, 0.67, and 0.53 at 1, 2, and 3 years after operation, respectively. Significant complications included ocular decompression retinopathy in 7 eyes (33%) and bleb encapsulation in 10 eyes (48%). Twelve eyes (57%) needed additional surgery, such as bleb revision or trabeculectomy with MMC, to reduce IOP. Conclusions Trabeculectomy with MMC may not be optimal for patients with FAP-related glaucoma and may have several significant complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kawaji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toshihiro Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Hara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Eiki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Tanihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Abstract
More than half of all patients with diabetes develop neuropathic disorders affecting the distal sensory and/or motor nerves, or autonomic or cranial nerve functions. Glycemic control can decrease the incidence of neuropathy but is not adequate alone to prevent or treat the disease. This chapter introduces diabetic neuropathy with a morphological description of the disease then describes our current understanding of metabolic and molecular mechanisms that contribute to neurovascular dysfunctions. Key mechanisms include glucose and lipid imbalances and insulin resistance that are interconnected via oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered gene expression. These complex interactions should be considered for the development of new treatment strategies against the onset or progression of neuropathy. Advances in understanding the combined metabolic stressors and the novel study of epigenetics suggest new therapeutic targets to combat this morbid and intractable disease affecting millions of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
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67
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Conejos–Sánchez I, Cardoso I, Saraiva MJ, Vicent MJ. Targeting a rare amyloidotic disease through rationally designed polymer conjugates. J Control Release 2014; 178:95-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Gasperini RJ, Klaver DW, Hou X, Aguilar MI, Small DH. Mechanisms of transthyretin aggregation and toxicity. Subcell Biochem 2014; 65:211-24. [PMID: 23225005 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5416-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidoses are characterised by the deposition of insoluble protein that occurs in the extracellular compartment of various tissues. One form of amyloidosis is caused by transthyretin (TTR) misfolding and deposition in target tissues. It is clear that many amyloidoses share common features of fibrillogenesis and toxicity. This chapter examines the mechanisms of TTR aggregation with a view to understanding the possible therapeutic interventions in amyloid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Gasperini
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Liverpool Street, 7001, Hobart, TAS, Australia,
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69
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Kulkarni MJ, Korwar AM, Mary S, Bhonsle HS, Giri AP. Glycated proteome: from reaction to intervention. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014. [PMID: 23184864 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycation, a nonenzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins, is a proteome wide phenomenon, predominantly observed in diabetes due to hyperglycemia. Glycated proteome of plasma, kidney, lens, and brain are implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including diabetic complications, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and aging. This review discusses the strategies to characterize protein glycation, its functional implications in different diseases, and intervention strategies to protect the deleterious effects of protein glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh J Kulkarni
- Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
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70
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Abstract
Pathologic study of a disease provides insights into the precise mechanisms and targets of damage and may provide insights into new therapies. The main targets in diabetic neuropathy are myelinated and unmyelinated fibers as dysfunction and damage to them explains the symptoms of painful neuropathy and the major end points of foot ulceration and amputation as well as mortality. Demyelination and axonal degeneration are established hallmarks of the pathology of human diabetic neuropathy and were derived from pioneering light and electronmicroscopic studies of sural nerve biopsies in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Additional abnormalities, which are relevant to the pathogenesis of human diabetic neuropathy, include pathology of the microvessels and extracellular space. Intraepidermal and sudomotor nerve quantification in skin biopsies provides a minimally invasive means for the detection of early nerve damage. Studies of muscle biopsies are limited and show significant alterations in the expression of neurotrophins, but limited changes in muscle fiber size and capillary density.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Malik
- Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
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71
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Relini A, Marano N, Gliozzi A. Misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins and their interactions with membranes. Biomolecules 2013; 4:20-55. [PMID: 24970204 PMCID: PMC4030986 DOI: 10.3390/biom4010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss amyloidogenic proteins, their misfolding, resulting structures, and interactions with membranes, which lead to membrane damage and subsequent cell death. Many of these proteins are implicated in serious illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins leads to the formation of polymorphic oligomers and fibrils. Oligomeric aggregates are widely thought to be the toxic species, however, fibrils also play a role in membrane damage. We focus on the structure of these aggregates and their interactions with model membranes. Study of interactions of amlyoidogenic proteins with model and natural membranes has shown the importance of the lipid bilayer in protein misfolding and aggregation and has led to the development of several models for membrane permeabilization by the resulting amyloid aggregates. We discuss several of these models: formation of structured pores by misfolded amyloidogenic proteins, extraction of lipids, interactions with receptors in biological membranes, and membrane destabilization by amyloid aggregates perhaps analogous to that caused by antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Relini
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa 16146, Italy.
| | - Nadia Marano
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa 16146, Italy.
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72
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Yilmaz M, Aktug H, Oltulu F, Erbas O. Neuroprotective effects of folic acid on experimental diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:832-40. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713511513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is widely considered as a degenerative complication of diabetic patients. The clinical effectiveness of folic acid (FA) on DPN is uncertain. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of FA in DPN using electromyography (EMG), histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry, inclined plane test, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker for lipid peroxidation in experimental diabetic rats. A total of 21 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, diabetes group, and FA-treated group. In EMG, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude in the sciatic nerve was lower in the diabetes group compared with the control group. CMAP amplitude in the sciatic nerve was higher in the FA-treated group when compared with the diabetes group. Distal latency and CMAP duration in the sciatic nerve were lower in the FA-treated group when compared with the diabetes group. In histopathological examination of the sciatic nerve, peripheral fibrosis was present in the diabetic group; the fibrosis was lower in the FA-treated group. In comparison with the diabetes group, the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) was higher in the FA-treated group. The scores for the inclined plane test were lower in the diabetes group and higher in the FA-treated group than the control group. The MDA levels were significantly lower in the FA-treated group when compared with the diabetes group. The study suggests that FA can protect diabetic rats against DPN and that the underlying mechanism for this may be related to improvement of the expression of NGF and lower MDA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Aktug
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Oltulu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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73
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Pro-oxidative effects of aggregated transthyretin in human Schwannoma cells. Neurotoxicology 2013; 39:109-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Leung A, Nah S, Reid W, Ebata A, Koch C, Monti S, Genereux J, Wiseman R, Wolozin B, Connors L, Berk J, Seldin D, Mostoslavsky G, Kotton D, Murphy G. Induced pluripotent stem cell modeling of multisystemic, hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Stem Cell Reports 2013; 1:451-63. [PMID: 24286032 PMCID: PMC3841264 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is an autosomal-dominant protein-folding disorder caused by over 100 distinct mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. In ATTR, protein secreted from the liver aggregates and forms fibrils in target organs, chiefly the heart and peripheral nervous system, highlighting the need for a model capable of recapitulating the multisystem complexity of this clinically variable disease. Here, we describe the directed differentiation of ATTR patient-specific iPSCs into hepatocytes that produce mutant TTR, and the cardiomyocytes and neurons normally targeted in the disease. We demonstrate that iPSC-derived neuronal and cardiac cells display oxidative stress and an increased level of cell death when exposed to mutant TTR produced by the patient-matched iPSC-derived hepatocytes, recapitulating essential aspects of the disease in vitro. Furthermore, small molecule stabilizers of TTR show efficacy in this model, validating this iPSC-based, patient-specific in vitro system as a platform for testing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Leung
- Sections of Hematology-Oncology and Computational Biomedicine, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shirley K. Nah
- Sections of Hematology-Oncology and Computational Biomedicine, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Whitney Reid
- Sections of Hematology-Oncology and Computational Biomedicine, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Atsushi Ebata
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Clarissa M. Koch
- The Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Sections of Hematology-Oncology and Computational Biomedicine, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph C. Genereux
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lawreen H. Connors
- The Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - John L. Berk
- The Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - David C. Seldin
- Sections of Hematology-Oncology and Computational Biomedicine, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- The Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - George J. Murphy
- Sections of Hematology-Oncology and Computational Biomedicine, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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75
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Dohrn MF, Röcken C, De Bleecker JL, Martin JJ, Vorgerd M, Van den Bergh PY, Ferbert A, Hinderhofer K, Schröder JM, Weis J, Schulz JB, Claeys KG. Diagnostic hallmarks and pitfalls in late-onset progressive transthyretin-related amyloid-neuropathy. J Neurol 2013; 260:3093-108. [PMID: 24101130 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-7124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is a progressive systemic autosomal dominant disease caused by pathogenic mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. We studied clinical, electrophysiological, histopathological, and genetic characteristics in 15 (13 late-onset and two early-onset) patients belonging to 14 families with polyneuropathy and mutations in TTR. In comparison, we analysed the features of nine unrelated patients with an idiopathic polyneuropathy, in whom TTR mutations have been excluded. Disease occurrence was familial in 36 % of the patients with TTR-associated polyneuropathy and the late-onset type was observed in 86 % (mean age at onset 65.5 years). Clinically, all late-onset TTR-mutant patients presented with distal weakness, pansensory loss, absence of deep tendon reflexes, and sensorimotor hand involvement. Afferent-ataxic gait was present in 92 % leading to wheelchair dependence in 60 % after a mean duration of 4.6 years. Autonomic involvement was observed in 60 %, and ankle edema in 92 %. The sensorimotor polyneuropathy was from an axonal type in 82 %, demyelinating or mixed type in 9 % each. Compared to the TTR-unmutated idiopathic polyneuropathy patients, we identified rapid progression, early ambulatory loss, and autonomic disturbances, associated with a severe polyneuropathy as red flags for TTR-FAP. In 18 % of the late-onset TTR-FAP patients, no amyloid was found in nerve biopsies. Further diagnostic pitfalls were unspecific electrophysiology, and coincident diabetes mellitus (23 %) or monoclonal gammopathy (7 %). We conclude that a rapid disease course, severely ataxic gait, hand involvement, and autonomic dysfunction are diagnostic hallmarks of late-onset TTR-FAP. Genetic analysis should be performed even when amyloid deposits are lacking or when polyneuropathy-causing comorbidities are concomitant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike F Dohrn
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Petrakis I, Mavroeidi V, Stylianou K, Andronikidi E, Lioudaki E, Perakis K, Stratigis S, Vardaki E, Zafeiri M, Giannakakis K, Plaitakis A, Amoiridis G, Saraiva MJ, Daphnis E. Hsf-1 affects podocyte markers NPHS1, NPHS2 and WT1 in a transgenic mouse model of TTRVal30Met-related amyloidosis. Amyloid 2013; 20:164-72. [PMID: 23829269 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2013.814046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Familial amyloid polyneuropathy is characterized by transthyretin (TTR) deposition in various tissues, including the kidneys. While deposition induces organ dysfunction, renal involvement in TTR-related amyloidosis could manifest from proteinuria to end-stage kidney failure. As proteinuria is considered result of glomerular filtration barrier injury we investigated whether TTR deposition affects either glomerular basement membrane (GBM) or podocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry, immunoblot and gene expression studies for nephrin, podocin and WT1 were run on renal tissue from human-TTRV30M transgenic mice hemizygous or homozygous for heat shock factor one (Hsf-1). Transmission electron microscopy was used for evaluation of podocyte foot process width (PFW) and GBM thickness in Hsf-1 hemizygous mice with or without TTRV30M or amyloid deposition. RESULTS Glomeruli of hsf-1 hemizygous transgenic mice showed lower nephrin and podocin protein levels but an increased podocyte number when compared to Hsf-1 homozygous transgenic mice. Nephrin, podocin and WT1 gene expression levels were unaffected by the Hsf-1 carrier status. TTRV30M deposition was associated with increased PFW and GBM thickness. CONCLUSIONS Under the effect of Hsf-1 hemizygosity, TTRV30M deposition has deleterious effects on GBM thickness, PFW and slit diaphragm composition, without affecting nephrin and podocin gene expression.
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Ydens E, Lornet G, Smits V, Goethals S, Timmerman V, Janssens S. The neuroinflammatory role of Schwann cells in disease. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 55:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Stoilova T, Colombo L, Forloni G, Tagliavini F, Salmona M. A new face for old antibiotics: tetracyclines in treatment of amyloidoses. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5987-6006. [PMID: 23611039 DOI: 10.1021/jm400161p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of tetracyclines has declined because of the appearance of resistant bacterial strains. However, the indications of nonantimicrobial activities of these drugs have considerably raised interest and triggered clinical trials for a number of different pathologies. About 10 years ago we first reported that tetracyclines inhibited the aggregation of prion protein fragments and Alzheimer's β peptides, destabilizing their aggregates and promoting their degradation by proteases. On the basis of these observations, the antiamyloidogenic effects of tetracyclines on a variety of amyloidogenic proteins were studied and confirmed by independent research groups. In this review we comment on the data available on their antiamyloidogenic activity in preclinical and clinical studies. We also put forward that the beneficial effects of these drugs are a result of a peculiar pleiotropic action, comprising their interaction with oligomers and disruption of fibrils, as well as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Stoilova
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
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79
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Cardiac amyloidosis induces up-regulation of Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1 (DMBT1). Cardiovasc Pathol 2013; 22:195-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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80
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick L Ruberg
- Amyloid Treatment and Research Program, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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81
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The effect of lysozyme amyloid fibrils on cytochrome c–lipid interactions. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:769-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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82
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Gasperini RJ, Small DH. Neurodegeneration in familal amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 39:680-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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83
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Almeida MR, Saraiva MJ. Clearance of extracellular misfolded proteins in systemic amyloidosis: Experience with transthyretin. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2891-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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84
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Petrakis I, Mavroeidi V, Stylianou K, Efthymiou G, Perakis K, Vardaki E, Stratigis S, Giannakakis K, Kourouniotis K, Amoiridis G, Plaitakis A, Saraiva MJ, Yamamura KI, Daphnis E. Human TTRV30M localization within podocytes in a transgenic mouse model of transthyretin related amyloidosis: does the environment play a role? Transgenic Res 2012; 22:101-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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85
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Fong VH, Vieira A. Transthyretin aggregates induce production of reactive nitrogen species. NEURODEGENER DIS 2012; 11:42-8. [PMID: 22627469 DOI: 10.1159/000338153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Misfolded and aggregated transthyretins (agTTR) contribute to neurodegenerative amyloid diseases such as familial amyloid polyneuropathy and senile systemic amyloidosis. The neurotoxicity mechanisms of agTTR, however, are not well understood. In the current study, the possible contribution of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) to such mechanisms was investigated by examining agTTR-mediated changes in cellular RNS levels. METHODS AND RESULTS The production of RNS was assessed through nitrate and nitrite assays in two human cell lines after exposure to agTTR (2.4 µM pre-aggregation concentration). In both epidermoid (A431) and schwannoma (sNF94.3) cell lines, agTTR induced significant increases in RNS (p < 0.05 relative to the same concentration of normal TTR, or no-TTR controls). Redox modulators such as apocynin (1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)ethanone) and L-NMMA (N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine) were tested for their effects on RNS production. These modulators decreased RNS production in both cell lines; although the effects of L-NMMA were statistically significant only in the schwannoma cells. Moreover, cells treated with agTTR exhibited decreases in metabolic activity relative to TTR- or non-TTR-treated cells (p < 0.05) as assessed by reduction of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). CONCLUSION The results provide novel evidence for involvement of RNS in pro-oxidative effects of agTTR in two different human cell lines, and show that agTTR can induce more generalized changes in cellular metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vai-Hong Fong
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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86
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RAGE signaling mediates post-injury arterial neointima formation by suppression of liver kinase B1 and AMPK activity. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:417-25. [PMID: 22552116 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intima formation involves smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration that ultimately drives arterial stenosis, thrombosis, and ischemia in atherosclerosis, hypertension, and arterial revascularization. Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a transmembrane signaling receptor implicated in diabetic renal and vascular complications, and post-injury intima formation, partly via Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation. The metabolic super-regulator Adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) inhibits SMC proliferation and intima formation. AMPK activation is promoted by liver kinase B1 (LKB1), and LKB1 inhibits STAT3 activation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that RAGE promotes arterial intima formation by modulating both LKB1 and AMPK. METHODS AND RESULTS RAGE ligands (the calgranulin S100A11, and glycated albumin) suppressed AMPK activation in conjunction with increased proliferation and migration of cultured SMCs. These effects were inhibited both by RAGE deficiency and by prior AMPK activation. In SMCs, RAGE ligands decreased LKB1 activity. Moreover, knockdown of both LKB1 and AMPK were associated with increased STAT3 phosphorylation levels. In response to murine carotid artery ligation, expression of RAGE and S100A11 increased, whereas AMPK and LKB1 activity decreased in situ. Conversely, LKB1 and AMPK activity increased in situ, and neointima formation was attenuated in Rage(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION The linkage of decreased LKB1 and AMPK activity with increased STAT3 in SMCs mediates the capacity of RAGE ligand-induced signaling to promote neointima formation in response to arterial injury.
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87
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Zako T, Sakono M, Kobayashi T, Sörgjerd K, Nilsson KPR, Hammarström P, Lindgren M, Maeda M. Cell interaction study of amyloid by using luminescent conjugated polythiophene: implication that amyloid cytotoxicity is correlated with prolonged cellular binding. Chembiochem 2012; 13:358-63. [PMID: 22262644 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Needles and noodles: Studying amyloid toxicity is important for understanding protein misfolding diseases. Using a luminescent conjugated polythiophene, we found that cell binding of nontoxic filamentous amyloids of insulin and β2-microglobulin was less efficient than that of toxic fibrillar amyloids; this suggests a correlation between amyloid toxicity and cell binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Zako
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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88
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Clusterin Overexpression and Its Possible Protective Role in Transthyretin Deposition in Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2011; 70:1097-106. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31823a44f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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89
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Park SM, Shin JH, Moon GJ, Cho SI, Lee YB, Gwag BJ. Effects of collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis on amyloidosis and microvascular pathology in APP/PS1 mice. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:106. [PMID: 22029666 PMCID: PMC3217907 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may enhance or reduce the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was performed to directly explore the effects of collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA) on amyloid plaque formation, microglial activation, and microvascular pathology in the cortex and hippocampus of the double transgenic APP/PS1 mouse model for AD. Wild-type or APP/PS1 mice that received type II collagen (CII) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) at 2 months of age revealed characteristics of RA, such as joint swelling, synovitis, and cartilage and bone degradation 4 months later. Joint pathology was accompanied by sustained induction of IL-1β and TNF-α in plasma over 4 weeks after administration of CII in CFA. Results CIA reduced levels of soluble and insoluble amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and amyloid plaque formation in the cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, which correlated with increased blood brain barrier disruption, Iba-1-positive microglia, and CD45-positive microglia/macrophages. In contrast, CIA reduced vessel density and length with features of microvascular pathology, including vascular segments, thinner vessels, and atrophic string vessels. Conclusions The present findings suggest that RA may exert beneficial effects against Aβ burden and harmful effects on microvascular pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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90
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Roh HC, Yoo DY, Ko SH, Kim YJ, Kim JM. Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cells via an aldose reductase-, MAPK-, and NF-κB-dependent pathway, leading to monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1931-41. [PMID: 21724992 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) produces a ∼ 20-kDa heat-labile enterotoxin (BFT) that plays an essential role in mucosal inflammation. Although a variety of inflammatory cells is found at ETBF-infected sites, little is known about leukocyte adhesion in response to BFT stimulation. We investigated whether BFT affected the expression of ICAM-1 and monocytic adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs). Stimulation of HUVECs and rat aortic ECs with BFT resulted in the induction of ICAM-1 expression. Upregulation of ICAM-1 was dependent on the activation of IκB kinase (IKK) and NF-κB signaling. In contrast, suppression of AP-1 did not affect ICAM-1 expression in BFT-stimulated cells. Suppression of NF-κB activity in HUVECs significantly reduced monocytic adhesion, indicating that ICAM-1 expression is indispensable for BFT-induced adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium. Inhibition of JNK resulted in a significant attenuation of BFT-induced ICAM-1 expression in ECs. Moreover, inhibition of aldose reductase significantly reduced JNK-dependent IKK/NF-κB activation, ICAM-1 expression, and adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs. These results suggest that a signaling pathway involving aldose reductase, JNK, IKK, and NF-κB is required for ICAM-1 induction in ECs exposed to BFT, and may be involved in the leukocyte-adhesion cascade following infection with ETBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Cheol Roh
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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91
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Davern S, Murphy C, O'Neill H, Wall J, Weiss D, Solomon A. Effect of lysine modification on the stability and cellular binding of human amyloidogenic light chains. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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92
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Lladó L, Baliellas C, Casasnovas C, Ferrer I, Fabregat J, Ramos E, Castellote J, Torras J, Xiol X, Rafecas A. Risk of transmission of systemic transthyretin amyloidosis after domino liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2010; 16:1386-92. [PMID: 21117248 DOI: 10.1002/lt.22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports of the transmission of systemic transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis after domino liver transplantation (DLT) using grafts from patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) have raised concerns about the procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transmission incidence of systemic TTR amyloidosis after DLT with a complete clinical, neurological, and pathological assessment. At our institution, DLT has been performed 31 times with livers from patients with FAP. Seventeen of the 19 patients still alive in 2008 agreed to enter the study. This cross-sectional study of this cohort of patients included clinical assessments, rectal biopsy, and electroneuromyography (as well as sural nerve biopsy when it was indicated). The mean follow-up at the time of the study was 62.6 ± 2.9 months. Clinically, 3 patients complained of weak dysesthesia. When a focused study was performed, 8 patients reported some kind of neurological and/or gastrointestinal disturbance. Six of the rectal biopsy samples showed amyloid deposits (TTR-positive). Electromyography (EMG) showed signs of mild sensorimotor neuropathy in 3 cases and moderate to severe sensorimotor neuropathy in 1 case. Only 2 of the 4 patients with EMG signs of polyneuropathy showed amyloid deposits in their rectal biopsy samples. Sural nerve biopsy revealed amyloid deposits (TTR-positive) in all 4 patients with EMG signs of polyneuropathy. Two patients with normal EMG findings had TTR-positive amyloid deposits in their sural nerve biopsy samples. In conclusion, de novo systemic amyloidosis after DLT may be more frequent and appear earlier than was initially thought. In our opinion, however, the graft shortage still justifies DLT in selected patients, despite the risk of de novo systemic amyloidosis. Sural nerve biopsy with EMG and clinical correlation is mandatory for confirming the disease. Indeed, other causes of neuropathy should be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lladó
- Departments of Surgery, Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
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Carvedilol treatment reduces transthyretin deposition in a familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy mouse model. Pharmacol Res 2010; 62:514-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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94
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Sbai O, Devi TS, Melone MAB, Feron F, Khrestchatisky M, Singh LP, Perrone L. RAGE-TXNIP axis is required for S100B-promoted Schwann cell migration, fibronectin expression and cytokine secretion. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:4332-9. [PMID: 21098642 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.074674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During peripheral nerve injury, Schwann cells (SCs) adopt a migratory phenotype and remodel the extracellular matrix and provide a supportive activity for neuron regeneration. SCs synthesize neurotrophic factors and cytokines that are crucial for the repair of the injured nerve. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligand S100B, which are secreted by SCs, are required for the repair of the injured peripheral nerve in vivo. However, the precise intracellular pathways involved have not been completely elucidated. Here, we show that RAGE-induced S100B secretion involves the recruitment of S100B in lipid rafts and caveolae. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that RAGE induces the expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) in SCs and the injured sciatic nerve in vivo. TXNIP is involved in the activation of p38 MAPK, CREB and NFκB in SCs. TXNIP silencing partially inhibits RAGE-induced SC migration and completely abolishes RAGE-induced fibronectin and IL-1β expression. Our results support a model in which TXNIP mediates in part RAGE-induced SC migration and is required for the expression of provisional ECM and pro-inflammatory IL-1β. We provide new insight on the role of the SC RAGE-TXNIP axis in the repair of injured peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oualid Sbai
- NICN, CNRS UMR 6184, Faculté de Médecine, Université Aix-Marseille, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France
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95
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Magalhães J, Santos SD, Saraiva MJ. αB-crystallin (HspB5) in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Int J Exp Pathol 2010; 91:515-21. [PMID: 20804537 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2010.00735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock protein αB-crystallin (HspB5) is known to be overexpressed in several neurodegenerative disorders. In familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular deposition of mutated transthyretin (TTR), activation of heat shock factor 1 -HSF1- by extracellular TTR deposition has been shown as well as induction of the expression of heat shock proteins, HSP27 and HSP70. Here we investigate the expression of αB-crystallin in FAP. We first detected αB-crystallin in aggregates extracted from tissues of both FAP patients and transgenic mice for the human V30M mutant TTR; however, subsequent studies by confocal fluorescence microscopy did not confirm the association of αB-crystallin with TTR aggregates; thus the presence of αB-crystallin in aggregate extracts might derive from the extraction procedure. Increased levels of αB-crystallin were observed by immunohistochemistry in human FAP skin, as compared to normal skin. Furthermore, skin, stomach and dorsal root ganglia from V30M transgenic mice showed increased expression of αB-crystallin as compared to controls without deposition. A human neuroblastoma cell line incubated with TTR aggregates displayed increased expression of αB-crystallin. Overall, these results show that extracellular TTR deposits induce an intracellular response of αB-crystallin. This small heat shock protein (HSP), which is important for anti-apoptotic and chaperone properties, may have a protective role in FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Magalhães
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
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96
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the small EF-hand calcium-binding protein S100B plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease. Among other evidences are the increased levels of both S100B and its receptor, the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGEs) in the AD diseased brain. The regulation of RAGE signaling by S100B is complex and probably involves other ligands including the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), the Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs), or transtheyretin. In this paper we discuss the current literature regarding the role of S100B/RAGE activation in Alzheimer's disease.
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97
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Santos SD, Fernandes R, Saraiva MJ. The heat shock response modulates transthyretin deposition in the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 31:280-9. [PMID: 18485534 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is a neurodegenerative disease that selectively affects the peripheral nervous system. The putative cause of this life threatening pathology is tissue deposition of mutant transthyretin (TTR), initially as non-fibrillar deposits and later as fibrillar material. The mouse models currently available do not recapitulate the human whole features, since the peripheral nervous tissue is spared. We have characterized a new mouse model expressing the human transthyretin V30M in a heat shock transcription factor 1 (Hsf1) null background. The lack of HSF1 expression leads to an extensive and earlier non-fibrillar TTR, evolving into fibrillar material in distinct organs including the peripheral nervous system. Furthermore, inflammatory stress and a reduction in unmyelinated nerve fibers were observed, as in human patients. These results indicate that HSF1 regulated genes are involved in FAP, modulating TTR tissue deposition. The novel mouse model is of the utmost importance in testing new therapeutic strategies and in addressing the influence of the stress response in misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Duque Santos
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology - IBMC, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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98
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Miranda HV, Outeiro TF. The sour side of neurodegenerative disorders: the effects of protein glycation. J Pathol 2009; 221:13-25. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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99
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Mar FM, Franquinho F, Fleming CE, Sousa MM. Transthyretin in peripheral nerve regeneration. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.09.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is the protein transporter of thyroxine and retinol. Several TTR mutations are associated with familial amyloid polyneuropathy, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular deposition of TTR aggregates and fibrils in the peripheral nervous system. Several reports suggest new TTR functions in the nervous system particularly in nerve regeneration and in neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease. The fact that TTR increases axonal growth during peripheral nervous system, regeneration and allows an appropriate retrograde transport may represent the missing link explaining the preferential deposition of mutated TTR in the peripheral nervous system of familial amyloid polyneuropathy patients. This paper discusses the details explaining the role of TTR during nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M Mar
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular & Celular (IBMC), Nerve Regeneration Group, 4150–4180 Porto, Portugal and Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4099–5003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Franquinho
- Instituto Politécnico de Saúde-Norte/CESPU; Gandra PRD, Portugal and Instituto de Biologia Molecular & Celular (IBMC), Nerve Regeneration Group, 4150–4180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina E Fleming
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4099–5003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica M Sousa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular & Celular (IBMC), Nerve Regeneration Group, 4150–4180 Porto, Portugal
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100
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Purple sweet potato color ameliorates cognition deficits and attenuates oxidative damage and inflammation in aging mouse brain induced by d-galactose. J Biomed Biotechnol 2009; 2009:564737. [PMID: 19865488 PMCID: PMC2766785 DOI: 10.1155/2009/564737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purple sweet potato color (PSPC), a naturally occurring anthocyanin, has a powerful antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. This study explores whether PSPC has the neuroprotective effect on the aging mouse brain induced by D-galactose (D-gal). The mice administrated with PSPC (100 mg/kg.day, 4 weeks, from 9th week) via oral gavage showed significantly improved behavior performance in the open field and passive avoidance test compared with D-gal-treated mice (500 mg/kg.day, 8 weeks). We further investigate the mechanism involved in neuroprotective effects of PSPC on mouse brain. Interestingly, we found, PSPC decreased the expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), increased the activity of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and catalase (CAT), and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), respectively. Our data suggested that PSPC attenuated D-gal-induced cognitive impairment partly via enhancing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity.
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