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Henschke JU, Oelschlegel AM, Angenstein F, Ohl FW, Goldschmidt J, Kanold PO, Budinger E. Early sensory experience influences the development of multisensory thalamocortical and intracortical connections of primary sensory cortices. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:1165-1190. [PMID: 29094306 PMCID: PMC5871574 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system integrates information from multiple senses. This multisensory integration already occurs in primary sensory cortices via direct thalamocortical and corticocortical connections across modalities. In humans, sensory loss from birth results in functional recruitment of the deprived cortical territory by the spared senses but the underlying circuit changes are not well known. Using tracer injections into primary auditory, somatosensory, and visual cortex within the first postnatal month of life in a rodent model (Mongolian gerbil) we show that multisensory thalamocortical connections emerge before corticocortical connections but mostly disappear during development. Early auditory, somatosensory, or visual deprivation increases multisensory connections via axonal reorganization processes mediated by non-lemniscal thalamic nuclei and the primary areas themselves. Functional single-photon emission computed tomography of regional cerebral blood flow reveals altered stimulus-induced activity and higher functional connectivity specifically between primary areas in deprived animals. Together, we show that intracortical multisensory connections are formed as a consequence of sensory-driven multisensory thalamocortical activity and that spared senses functionally recruit deprived cortical areas by an altered development of sensory thalamocortical and corticocortical connections. The functional-anatomical changes after early sensory deprivation have translational implications for the therapy of developmental hearing loss, blindness, and sensory paralysis and might also underlie developmental synesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia U Henschke
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Within the Helmholtz Association, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja M Oelschlegel
- Research Group Neuropharmacology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Angenstein
- Functional Neuroimaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Within the Helmholtz Association, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank W Ohl
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Goldschmidt
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick O Kanold
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Eike Budinger
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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52
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Yuan P, Koppelmans V, Reuter-Lorenz P, De Dios Y, Gadd N, Riascos R, Kofman I, Bloomberg J, Mulavara A, Seidler RD. Change of cortical foot activation following 70 days of head-down bed rest. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:2145-2152. [PMID: 29488843 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00693.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) has been used as a spaceflight analog to study some of the effects of microgravity on human physiology, cognition, and sensorimotor functions. Previous studies have reported declines in balance control and functional mobility after spaceflight and HDBR. In this study we investigated how the brain activation for foot movement changed with HDBR. Eighteen healthy men participated in the current HDBR study. They were in a 6° head-down tilt position continuously for 70 days. Functional MRI scans were acquired to estimate brain activation for foot movement before, during, and after HDBR. Another 11 healthy men who did not undergo HDBR participated as control subjects and were scanned at four time points. In the HDBR subjects, the cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, hippocampus, and middle occipital gyrus exhibited HDBR-related increases in activation for foot tapping, whereas no HDBR-associated activation decreases were found. For the control subjects, activation for foot tapping decreased across sessions in a couple of cerebellar regions, whereas no activation increase with session was found. Furthermore, we observed that less HDBR-related decline in functional mobility and balance control was associated with greater pre-to-post HDBR increases in brain activation for foot movement in several cerebral and cerebellar regions. Our results suggest that more neural control is needed for foot movement as a result of HDBR. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Long-duration head-down bed rest serves as a spaceflight analog research environment. We show that brain activity in the cerebellum and visual areas during foot movement increases from pre- to post-bed rest and then shows subsequent recovery. Greater increases were seen for individuals who exhibited less decline in functional mobility and balance control, suggestive of adaptive changes in neural control with long-duration bed rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vincent Koppelmans
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | | | - Roy Riascos
- The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Rachael D Seidler
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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53
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Visual experience sculpts whole-cortex spontaneous infraslow activity patterns through an Arc-dependent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9952-E9961. [PMID: 29087327 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711789114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of work in experimental animals has established the importance of visual experience during critical periods for the development of normal sensory-evoked responses in the visual cortex. However, much less is known concerning the impact of early visual experience on the systems-level organization of spontaneous activity. Human resting-state fMRI has revealed that infraslow fluctuations in spontaneous activity are organized into stereotyped spatiotemporal patterns across the entire brain. Furthermore, the organization of spontaneous infraslow activity (ISA) is plastic in that it can be modulated by learning and experience, suggesting heightened sensitivity to change during critical periods. Here we used wide-field optical intrinsic signal imaging in mice to examine whole-cortex spontaneous ISA patterns. Using monocular or binocular visual deprivation, we examined the effects of critical period visual experience on the development of ISA correlation and latency patterns within and across cortical resting-state networks. Visual modification with monocular lid suturing reduced correlation between left and right cortices (homotopic correlation) within the visual network, but had little effect on internetwork correlation. In contrast, visual deprivation with binocular lid suturing resulted in increased visual homotopic correlation and increased anti-correlation between the visual network and several extravisual networks, suggesting cross-modal plasticity. These network-level changes were markedly attenuated in mice with genetic deletion of Arc, a gene known to be critical for activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Taken together, our results suggest that critical period visual experience induces global changes in spontaneous ISA relationships, both within the visual network and across networks, through an Arc-dependent mechanism.
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54
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Light deprivation produces distinct morphological orchestrations on RGCs and cortical cells in a depressive-like YFP-H mouse model. Neurosci Lett 2017; 659:60-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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55
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Murase S, Lantz CL, Quinlan EM. Light reintroduction after dark exposure reactivates plasticity in adults via perisynaptic activation of MMP-9. eLife 2017; 6:27345. [PMID: 28875930 PMCID: PMC5630258 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of ocular dominance to regulation by monocular deprivation is the canonical model of plasticity confined to a critical period. However, we have previously shown that visual deprivation through dark exposure (DE) reactivates critical period plasticity in adults. Previous work assumed that the elimination of visual input was sufficient to enhance plasticity in the adult mouse visual cortex. In contrast, here we show that light reintroduction (LRx) after DE is responsible for the reactivation of plasticity. LRx triggers degradation of the ECM, which is blocked by pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). LRx induces an increase in MMP-9 activity that is perisynaptic and enriched at thalamo-cortical synapses. The reactivation of plasticity by LRx is absent in Mmp9−/− mice, and is rescued by hyaluronidase, an enzyme that degrades core ECM components. Thus, the LRx-induced increase in MMP-9 removes constraints on structural and functional plasticity in the mature cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Murase
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Sciences Program, Department of Biology, University of Maryland, Maryland, United States
| | - Crystal L Lantz
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Sciences Program, Department of Biology, University of Maryland, Maryland, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Quinlan
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Sciences Program, Department of Biology, University of Maryland, Maryland, United States
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56
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Landmann J, Richter F, Oros-Peusquens AM, Shah NJ, Classen J, Neely GG, Richter A, Penninger JM, Bechmann I. Neuroanatomy of pain-deficiency and cross-modal activation in calcium channel subunit (CACN) α2δ3 knockout mice. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:111-130. [PMID: 28733833 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The phenotype of calcium channel subunit (CACN) α2δ3 knockout (KO) mice includes sensory cross-activation and deficient pain perception. Sensory cross-activation defines the activation of a sensory cortical region by input from another modality due to reorganization in the brain such as after sensory loss. To obtain mechanistic insight into both phenomena, we employed a comprehensive battery of neuroanatomical techniques. While CACNα2δ3 was ubiquitously expressed in wild-type mice, it was absent in α2δ3 KO animals. Immunostaining of α1A, α1B, and α1E revealed upregulation of N-type and R-type, but not P/Q-type Cav2 channels in cortical neurons of CACNα2δ3 KO mice. Compared to wild-type mice, axonal processes in somatosensory cortex were enhanced, and dendritic processes reduced, in CACNα2δ3 KO mice. Immunohistochemical and MRI analyses, investigating morphology, thalamocortical and intra-/intercortical trajectories, revealed a disparity between projection and commissural fibers with reduction of the number of spatial specificity of thalamocortical projections. L1cam staining revealed wide-ranging projections of thalamocortical fibers reaching both somatosensory/motor and visual cortical areas. Activation (c-fos+) of excitatory and inhibitory neurons suggested that deficient pain perception in α2δ3 KO mice is unlikely to result from cortical disinhibition. Collectively, our data demonstrate that knock out of CACN α2δ3 results in some structural abnormalities whose functional implications converge to dedifferentiation of sensory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Landmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Oststrasse 25, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana-Maria Oros-Peusquens
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Centre Jülich, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Centre Jülich, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, JARA, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 2006, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelika Richter
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Oststrasse 25, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
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57
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Synaptic distribution and plasticity in primary auditory cortex (A1) exhibits laminar and cell-specific changes in the deaf. Hear Res 2017; 353:122-134. [PMID: 28697947 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The processing sequence through primary auditory cortex (A1) is impaired by deafness as evidenced by reduced neuronal activation in A1 of cochlear-implanted deaf cats. Such a loss of neuronal excitation should be manifest as changes in excitatory synaptic number and/or size, for which the post-synaptic correlate is the dendritic spine. Therefore, the present study sought evidence for this functional disruption using Golgi-Cox/light microscopic techniques that examined spine-bearing neurons and their dendritic spine features across all laminae in A1 of early-deaf (ototoxic lesion <1 month; raised into adulthood >16 months) and hearing cats. Surprisingly, in the early-deaf significant increases in spine density and size were observed in the supragranular layers, while significant reductions in spine density were observed for spiny non-pyramidal, but not pyramidal, neurons in the granular layer. No changes in dendritic spine density consistent with loss of excitatory inputs were seen for infragranular neurons. These results indicate that long-term early-deafness induces plastic changes in the excitatory circuitry of A1 that are laminar and cell-specific. An additional finding was that, unlike the expected abundance of stellate neurons that characterize the granular layer of other primary sensory cortices, pyramidal neurons predominate within layer 4 of A1. Collectively, these observations are important for understanding how neuronal connectional configurations contribute to region-specific processing capabilities in normal brains as well as those with altered sensory experiences.
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58
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Meng X, Kao JPY, Lee HK, Kanold PO. Intracortical Circuits in Thalamorecipient Layers of Auditory Cortex Refine after Visual Deprivation. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0092-17.2017. [PMID: 28396883 PMCID: PMC5383732 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0092-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory cortices do not work in isolation. The functional responses of neurons in primary sensory cortices can be affected by activity from other modalities. For example, short-term visual deprivations, or dark exposure (DE), leads to enhanced neuronal responses and frequency selectivity to sounds in layer 4 (L4) of primary auditory cortex (A1). Circuit changes within A1 likely underlie these changes. Prior studies revealed that DE enhanced thalamocortical transmission to L4 in A1. Because the frequency selectivity of L4 neurons is determined by both thalamocortical and intracortical inputs, changes in intralaminar circuits to L4 neurons might also contribute to improved sound responses. We thus investigated in mouse A1 whether intracortical circuits to L4 cells changed after DE. Using in vitro whole-cell patch recordings in thalamocortical slices from mouse auditory cortex, we show that DE can lead to refinement of interlaminar excitatory as well as inhibitory connections from L2/3 to L4 cells, manifested as a weakening of these connections. The circuit refinement is present along the tonotopic axis, indicating reduced integration along the tonotopic axis. Thus, cross-modal influences may alter the spectral and temporal processing of sensory stimuli in multiple cortical layers by refinement of thalamocortical and intracortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Meng
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Joseph P. Y. Kao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Hey-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
- Department of Neuroscience, Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Patrick O. Kanold
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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59
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Rajkovich KE, Loerwald KW, Hale CF, Hess CT, Gibson JR, Huber KM. Experience-Dependent and Differential Regulation of Local and Long-Range Excitatory Neocortical Circuits by Postsynaptic Mef2c. Neuron 2016; 93:48-56. [PMID: 27989458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Development of proper cortical circuits requires an interaction of sensory experience and genetic programs. Little is known of how experience and specific transcription factors interact to determine the development of specific neocortical circuits. Here, we demonstrate that the activity-dependent transcription factor, Myocyte enhancer factor-2C (Mef2c), differentially regulates development of local versus long-range excitatory synaptic inputs onto layer 2/3 neurons in the somatosensory neocortex in vivo. Postnatal, postsynaptic deletion of Mef2c in a sparse population of L2/3 neurons suppressed development of excitatory synaptic connections from all local input pathways tested. In the same cell population, Mef2c deletion promoted the strength of excitatory inputs originating from contralateral neocortex. Both the synapse promoting and synapse suppressing effects of Mef2c deletion required normal whisking experience. These results reveal a role of Mef2c in experience-dependent development of specific sensory neocortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey E Rajkovich
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kristofer W Loerwald
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carly F Hale
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carolyn T Hess
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jay R Gibson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Kimberly M Huber
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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60
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Abstract
How does one sense influence the processing of another? In this issue of Neuron, Ibrahim et al. (2016) demonstrate that presence of sound sharpens neural tuning in the primary visual cortex via activation of direct inputs from the primary auditory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hey-Kyoung Lee
- The Zanvyl-Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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61
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Scheyltjens I, Arckens L. The Current Status of Somatostatin-Interneurons in Inhibitory Control of Brain Function and Plasticity. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:8723623. [PMID: 27403348 PMCID: PMC4923604 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8723623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian neocortex contains many distinct inhibitory neuronal populations to balance excitatory neurotransmission. A correct excitation/inhibition equilibrium is crucial for normal brain development, functioning, and controlling lifelong cortical plasticity. Knowledge about how the inhibitory network contributes to brain plasticity however remains incomplete. Somatostatin- (SST-) interneurons constitute a large neocortical subpopulation of interneurons, next to parvalbumin- (PV-) and vasoactive intestinal peptide- (VIP-) interneurons. Unlike the extensively studied PV-interneurons, acknowledged as key components in guiding ocular dominance plasticity, the contribution of SST-interneurons is less understood. Nevertheless, SST-interneurons are ideally situated within cortical networks to integrate unimodal or cross-modal sensory information processing and therefore likely to be important mediators of experience-dependent plasticity. The lack of knowledge on SST-interneurons partially relates to the wide variety of distinct subpopulations present in the sensory neocortex. This review informs on those SST-subpopulations hitherto described based on anatomical, molecular, or electrophysiological characteristics and whose functional roles can be attributed based on specific cortical wiring patterns. A possible role for these subpopulations in experience-dependent plasticity will be discussed, emphasizing on learning-induced plasticity and on unimodal and cross-modal plasticity upon sensory loss. This knowledge will ultimately contribute to guide brain plasticity into well-defined directions to restore sensory function and promote lifelong learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Scheyltjens
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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62
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Pratt KG, Prather JF. Systems Neuroscience: How the Cortex Contributes to Skilled Movements. Curr Biol 2016; 26:R64-R66. [PMID: 26811889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A recent study demonstrates how acute neural circuit manipulations can lead to overestimations of circuit function, while chronic manipulations can reveal compensatory modes of plasticity that restore behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara G Pratt
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Jonathan F Prather
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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63
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Ibrahim LA, Mesik L, Ji XY, Fang Q, Li HF, Li YT, Zingg B, Zhang LI, Tao HW. Cross-Modality Sharpening of Visual Cortical Processing through Layer-1-Mediated Inhibition and Disinhibition. Neuron 2016; 89:1031-45. [PMID: 26898778 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cross-modality interaction in sensory perception is advantageous for animals' survival. How cortical sensory processing is cross-modally modulated and what are the underlying neural circuits remain poorly understood. In mouse primary visual cortex (V1), we discovered that orientation selectivity of layer (L)2/3, but not L4, excitatory neurons was sharpened in the presence of sound or optogenetic activation of projections from primary auditory cortex (A1) to V1. The effect was manifested by decreased average visual responses yet increased responses at the preferred orientation. It was more pronounced at lower visual contrast and was diminished by suppressing L1 activity. L1 neurons were strongly innervated by A1-V1 axons and excited by sound, while visual responses of L2/L3 vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons were suppressed by sound, both preferentially at the cell's preferred orientation. These results suggest that the cross-modality modulation is achieved primarily through L1 neuron- and L2/L3 VIP-cell-mediated inhibitory and disinhibitory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena A Ibrahim
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lukas Mesik
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xu-Ying Ji
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qi Fang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hai-Fu Li
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ya-Tang Li
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brian Zingg
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Li I Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Huizhong Whit Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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64
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Nakajima W, Jitsuki S, Sano A, Takahashi T. Sustained Enhancement of Lateral Inhibitory Circuit Maintains Cross Modal Cortical Reorganization. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149068. [PMID: 26863615 PMCID: PMC4749254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deprivation of one modality can lead to the improvement of other intact modalities. We have previously reported that visual deprivation drives AMPA receptors into synapses from layer4 to 2/3 in the barrel cortex and sharpens functional whisker-barrel map at layer2/3 2 days after the beginning of visual deprivation. Enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission at layer4-2/3 synapses is transient and returns to the base line level a week after the beginning of visual deprivation. Here we found that sharpened whisker-barrel function is maintained at least for a week in visually deprived animals. While increased AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission at layer4-2/3 synapses dropped to the base line a week after the beginning of visual deprivation, lateral inhibitory synaptic transmission onto the neighboring barrel was kept strengthened for a week of visually deprived animals. Thus, transient strengthening of excitatory synapses at layer4-2/3 in the barrel cortex could trigger the enhancement of inhibitory inputs to neighboring barrel, and sustained lateral inhibition can maintain the sharpening of whisker-barrel map in visually deprived animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waki Nakajima
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Susumu Jitsuki
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akane Sano
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Lee HK, Whitt JL. Cross-modal synaptic plasticity in adult primary sensory cortices. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2015; 35:119-26. [PMID: 26310109 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sensory loss leads to widespread adaptation of brain circuits to allow an organism to navigate its environment with its remaining senses, which is broadly referred to as cross-modal plasticity. Such adaptation can be observed even in the primary sensory cortices, and falls into two distinct categories: recruitment of the deprived sensory cortex for processing the remaining senses, which we term 'cross-modal recruitment', and experience-dependent refinement of the spared sensory cortices referred to as 'compensatory plasticity.' Here we will review recent studies demonstrating that cortical adaptation to sensory loss involves LTP/LTD and homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Cross-modal synaptic plasticity is observed in adults, hence cross-modal sensory deprivation may be an effective way to promote plasticity in adult primary sensory cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hey-Kyoung Lee
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Zanvyl-Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
| | - Jessica L Whitt
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Zanvyl-Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
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Meng X, Kao JPY, Lee HK, Kanold PO. Visual Deprivation Causes Refinement of Intracortical Circuits in the Auditory Cortex. Cell Rep 2015; 12:955-64. [PMID: 26235625 PMCID: PMC4719125 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of a sensory modality can lead to functional enhancement of the remaining senses. For example, short-term visual deprivations, or dark exposure (DE), can enhance neuronal responses in the auditory cortex to sounds. These enhancements encompass increased spiking rates and frequency selectivity as well as increased spiking reliability. Although we previously demonstrated enhanced thalamocortical transmission after DE, increased synaptic strength cannot account for increased frequency selectivity or reliability. We thus investigated whether other changes in the underlying circuitry contributed to improved neuronal responses. We show that DE can lead to refinement of intra- and inter-laminar connections in the mouse auditory cortex. Moreover, we use a computational model to show that the combination of increased transmission and circuit refinement can lead to increased firing reliability. Thus cross-modal influences can alter the spectral and temporal processing of sensory stimuli by refinement of thalamocortical and intracortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Meng
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Joseph P Y Kao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hey-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Patrick O Kanold
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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