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Loewe D, Häussler J, Grein TA, Dieken H, Weidner T, Salzig D, Czermak P. Forced Degradation Studies to Identify Critical Process Parameters for the Purification of Infectious Measles Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080725. [PMID: 31394824 PMCID: PMC6723239 DOI: 10.3390/v11080725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic measles virus (MV) is a promising treatment for cancer but titers of up to 1011 infectious particles per dose are needed for therapeutic efficacy, which requires an efficient, robust, and scalable production process. MV is highly sensitive to process conditions, and a substantial fraction of the virus is lost during current purification processes. We therefore conducted forced degradation studies under thermal, pH, chemical, and mechanical stress to determine critical process parameters. We found that MV remained stable following up to five freeze–thaw cycles, but was inactivated during short-term incubation (< 2 h) at temperatures exceeding 35 °C. The infectivity of MV declined at pH < 7, but was not influenced by different buffer systems or the ionic strength/osmolality, except high concentrations of CaCl2 and MgSO4. We observed low shear sensitivity (dependent on the flow rate) caused by the use of a peristaltic pump. For tangential flow filtration, the highest recovery of MV was at a shear rate of ~5700 s−1. Our results confirm that the application of forced degradation studies is important to identify critical process parameters for MV purification. This will be helpful during the early stages of process development, ensuring the recovery of high titers of active MV particles after purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Loewe
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Julian Häussler
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tanja A Grein
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hauke Dieken
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project group Bioresources, Winchesterstr. 3, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
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Pereira Aguilar P, Schneider TA, Wetter V, Maresch D, Ling WL, Tover A, Steppert P, Jungbauer A. Polymer-grafted chromatography media for the purification of enveloped virus-like particles, exemplified with HIV-1 gag VLP. Vaccine 2019; 37:7070-7080. [PMID: 31300289 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-grafted chromatography media, especially ion exchangers, are high performance materials for protein purification. However, due to the pore size limitation, conventional chromatography beads are usually not considered for the downstream processing of large biomolecules such as virus-like particles (VLPs). Contrariwise, since the outer surface of the chromatography beads provides satisfactory binding capacity for VLPs and impurities of smaller size can bind inside of the beads, conventional porous beads should be considered for VLP capture and purification. We used HIV-1 gag VLPs with a diameter of 100-200 nm as a model to demonstrate that polymer-grafted anion exchangers are suitable for the purification of bionanoparticles. The equilibrium binding capacity was 1 × 1013 part/mL resin. Moderate salt concentration up to 100 mM NaCl did not affect binding, allowing direct loading of cell culture supernatant onto the column for purification. Dynamic binding capacity at 10% breakthrough, when loading cell culture supernatant, was approximately 6 × 1011 part/mL column; only 1-log lower than for monoliths. Endonuclease treatment of the cell culture supernatant did not increase the dynamic binding capacity, suggesting that dsDNA does not compete for the binding sites of VLPs. Nevertheless, due to simultaneous elution of particles and dsDNA, endonuclease treatment is required to reduce dsDNA contamination in the product. Proteomic analysis revealed that HIV-1 gag VLPs contain different host cell proteins in their cargo. This cargo is composed of conserved proteins and other proteins that vary from one particle population to another, as well as from batch to batch. This process allowed the separation of different particle populations. HIV-1 gag VLPs were directly captured and purified from cell culture supernatant with a total particle recovery in the elution of about 35%. Columns packed with beads can be scaled to practically any dimension and therefore a tailored design of the process is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viktoria Wetter
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
| | - Wai Li Ling
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Petra Steppert
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.
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53
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Carvalho SB, Silva RJS, Moleirinho MG, Cunha B, Moreira AS, Xenopoulos A, Alves PM, Carrondo MJT, Peixoto C. Membrane‐Based Approach for the Downstream Processing of Influenza Virus‐Like Particles. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800570. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B. Carvalho
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da República 2780‐157 Oeiras Portugal
| | | | | | - Bárbara Cunha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da República 2780‐157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Ana S. Moreira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeiras Portugal
| | | | - Paula M. Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da República 2780‐157 Oeiras Portugal
| | | | - Cristina Peixoto
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da República 2780‐157 Oeiras Portugal
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54
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Carvalho SB, Silva RJ, Moreira AS, Cunha B, Clemente JJ, Alves PM, Carrondo MJ, Xenopoulos A, Peixoto C. Efficient filtration strategies for the clarification of influenza virus-like particles derived from insect cells. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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55
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Mekkaoui L, Parekh F, Kotsopoulou E, Darling D, Dickson G, Cheung GW, Chan L, MacLellan-Gibson K, Mattiuzzo G, Farzaneh F, Takeuchi Y, Pule M. Lentiviral Vector Purification Using Genetically Encoded Biotin Mimic in Packaging Cell. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 11:155-165. [PMID: 30547049 PMCID: PMC6258877 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have recently witnessed an increasing demand in research and clinical applications. Their current purification processes represent the main bottleneck in their widespread use, as the methods used are cumbersome and yield low recoveries. We aimed to develop a one-step method to specifically purify LVs, with high yields and reduced levels of impurities, using the biotin-streptavidin system. Herein, packaging HEK293T cells were genetically engineered with a cyclical biotin-mimicking peptide displayed on a CD8α stalk, termed cTag8. LVs were modified with cTag8 by its passive incorporation onto viral surfaces during budding, without viral protein engineering or hindrance on infectivity. Expression of cTag8 on LVs allowed complete capture of infectious particles by streptavidin magnetic beads. As cTag8 binds streptavidin in the nanomolar range, the addition of micromolar concentrations of biotin resulted in the release of captured LVs by competitive elution, with overall yields of ≥60%. Analysis of eluted LVs revealed high purity with a >3-log and 2-log reduction in DNA contamination and host cell proteins, respectively. This one-step purification was also tested for scalable vector processing using monolith affinity chromatography, with an encouraging preliminary overall yield of 20%. This method will be of valuable use for both research and clinical applications of LVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mekkaoui
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Farhaan Parekh
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - David Darling
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Molecular Medicine Group, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Glenda Dickson
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Molecular Medicine Group, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Gordon W. Cheung
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lucas Chan
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Molecular Medicine Group, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Kirsty MacLellan-Gibson
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control-MHRA, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QC, UK
| | - Giada Mattiuzzo
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control-MHRA, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QC, UK
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Molecular Medicine Group, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Yasuhiro. Takeuchi
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control-MHRA, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QC, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Martin Pule
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Corresponding author: Martin Pule, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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56
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Heldt CL, Saksule A, Joshi PU, Ghafarian M. A generalized purification step for viral particles using mannitol flocculation. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1027-1035. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caryn L. Heldt
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr.; Houghton MI 49931
- Dept. of Biological Sciences; Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr.; Houghton MI 49931
| | - Ashish Saksule
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr.; Houghton MI 49931
| | - Pratik U. Joshi
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr.; Houghton MI 49931
| | - Majid Ghafarian
- Dept. of Biological Sciences; Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr.; Houghton MI 49931
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57
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B Carvalho S, Fortuna AR, Wolff MW, Peixoto C, M Alves P, Reichl U, JT Carrondo M. Purification of influenza virus-like particles using sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE : 1986) 2018; 93:1988-1996. [PMID: 30008506 PMCID: PMC6033026 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) are an alternative to inactivated viral vaccines that combine good safety profiles with strong immunogenicity. In order to be economically competitive, efficient manufacturing is required, in particular downstream processing, which often accounts for major production costs. This study describes the optimization and establishment of a chromatography capturing technique using sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers (SCMA) for purification of influenza VLPs. RESULTS Using a design of experiments approach, the critical factors for SCMA performance were described and optimized. For optimal conditions (membrane ligand density: 15.4 µmol cm-2, salt concentration of the loading buffer: 24 mmol L-1 NaCl, and elution buffer: 920 mmol L-1 NaCl, as well as the corresponding flow rates: 0.24 and 1.4 mL min-1), a yield of 80% in the product fraction was obtained. No loss of VLPs was detected in the flowthrough fraction. Removal of total protein and DNA impurities were higher than 89% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION Use of SCMA represents a significant improvement compared with conventional ion exchanger membrane adsorbers. As the method proposed is easily scalable and reduces the number of steps required compared with conventional purification methods, SCMA could qualify as a generic platform for purification of VLP-based influenza vaccines. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B Carvalho
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeirasPortugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - A Raquel Fortuna
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMagdeburgGermany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMagdeburgGermany
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences MittelhessenGießenGermany
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeirasPortugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeirasPortugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Manuel JT Carrondo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeirasPortugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de LisboaCaparicaPortugal
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58
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Ng HW, Lee MFX, Chua GK, Gan BK, Tan WS, Ooi CW, Tang SY, Chan ES, Tey BT. Size-selective purification of hepatitis B virus-like particle in flow-through chromatography: Types of ion exchange adsorbent and grafted polymer architecture. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2119-2129. [PMID: 29427396 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus-like particles expressed in Escherichia coli were purified using anion exchange adsorbents grafted with polymer poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) in flow-through chromatography mode. The virus-like particles were selectively excluded, while the relatively smaller sized host cell proteins were absorbed. The exclusion of virus-like particles was governed by the accessibility of binding sites (the size of adsorbents and the charge of grafted dextran chains) as well as the architecture (branch-chain length) of the grafted polymer. The branch-chain length of grafted polymer was altered by changing the type of monomers used. The larger adsorbent (90 μm) had an approximately twofold increase in the flow-through recovery, as compared to the smaller adsorbent (30 μm). Generally, polymer-grafted adsorbents improved the exclusion of the virus-like particles. Overall, the middle branch-chain length polymer grafted on larger adsorbent showed optimal performance at 92% flow-through recovery with a purification factor of 1.53. A comparative study between the adsorbent with dextran grafts and the polymer-grafted adsorbent showed that a better exclusion of virus-like particles was achieved with the absorbent grafted with inert polymer. The grafted polymer was also shown to reduce strong interaction between binding sites and virus-like particles, which preserved the particles' structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Wei Ng
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Micky Fu Xiang Lee
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gek Kee Chua
- Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Bee Koon Gan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siah Ying Tang
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eng Seng Chan
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Beng Ti Tey
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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59
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Melinek BJ, Dessoy S, Wright B, Bracewell DG, Mukhopadhyay TK. Ultra scale-down approaches to study the centrifugal harvest for viral vaccine production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1226-1238. [PMID: 29315484 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Large scale continuous cell-line cultures promise greater reproducibility and efficacy for the production of influenza vaccines, and adenovirus for gene therapy. This paper seeks to use an existing validated ultra scale-down tool, which is designed to mimic the commercial scale process environment using only milliliters of material, to provide some initial insight into the performance of the harvest step for these processes. The performance of industrial scale centrifugation and subsequent downstream process units is significantly affected by shear. The properties of these cells, in particular their shear sensitivity, may be changed considerably by production of a viral product, but literature on this is limited to date. In addition, the scale-down tool used here has not previously been applied to the clarification of virus production processes. The results indicate that virus infected cells do not actually show any increase in sensitivity to shear, and may indeed become less shear sensitive, in a similar manner to that previously observed in old or dead cell cultures. Clarification may be most significantly dependent on the virus release mechanism, with the budding influenza virus producing a much greater decrease in clarification than the lytic, non-enveloped adenovirus. A good match was also demonstrated to the industrial scale performance in terms of clarification, protein release, and impurity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice J Melinek
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz building, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Bernice Wright
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz building, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dan G Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz building, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tarit K Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz building, University College London, London, UK
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60
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Bartolo-Aguilar Y, Dendooven L, Chávez-Cabrera C, Flores-Cotera LB, Hidalgo-Lara ME, Villa-Tanaca L, Marsch R. Autolysis of Pichia pastoris induced by cold. AMB Express 2017; 7:95. [PMID: 28500590 PMCID: PMC5429318 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of recombinant biopharmaceutical proteins is a multi-billion dollar market. Protein recovery represents a major part of the production costs. Pichia pastoris is one of the microbial systems most used for the production of heterologous proteins. The use of a cold-induced promoter to express lytic enzymes in the yeast after the growth stage could reduce protein recovery costs. This study shows that a cold-shock can be applied to induce lysis of the yeast cells. A strain of P. pastoris was constructed in which the endogenous eng gene encoding a putative endo-β-1,3-glucanase was overexpressed using the cold-shock induced promoter of the cctα gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the transgenic P. pastoris, the expression of eng increased 3.6-fold after chilling the cells from 30 to 4 °C (cold-shock stage) followed by incubation for 6 h (eng expression stage). The culture was heated to 30 °C for 6 h (ENG synthesis stage) and kept at 37 °C for 24 h (lysis stage). After this procedure the cell morphology changed, spheroplasts were obtained and cellular lysis was observed. Thus, a clone of P. pastoris was obtained, which undergoes autolysis after a cold-shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaneth Bartolo-Aguilar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX Mexico
| | - Luc Dendooven
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX Mexico
| | - Cipriano Chávez-Cabrera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX Mexico
| | - Luis B. Flores-Cotera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX Mexico
| | - María E. Hidalgo-Lara
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX Mexico
| | - Lourdes Villa-Tanaca
- Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del IPN, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N Col. Santo Tomás, 11340 Miguel Hidalgo, CDMX Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Marsch
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX Mexico
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61
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Vincent D, Kramberger P, Hudej R, Štrancar A, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Velayudhan A. The development of a monolith-based purification process for Orthopoxvirus vaccinia virus Lister strain. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1524:87-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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62
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Fortuna AR, Taft F, Villain L, Wolff MW, Reichl U. Optimization of cell culture-derived influenza A virus particles purification using sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers. Eng Life Sci 2017; 18:29-39. [PMID: 32624858 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream processing remains one of the biggest challenges in manufacturing of biologicals and vaccines. This work focuses on a Design of Experiments approach to understand factors influencing the performance of sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers for the chromatographic purification of a cell culture-derived H1N1 influenza virus strain (A/Puerto Rico/8/34). Membranes with a medium ligand density together with low conductivity and a high virus titer in the feed stream resulted in optimum virus yields and low protein and DNA content in the product fraction. Flow rate and salt concentration in the buffer used for elution were of secondary importance while membrane permeability had no significant impact on separation performance. A virus loss of 2.1% in the flow through, a yield of 57.4% together with a contamination level of 5.1 pgDNA HAU-1 and 1.2 ngprot HAU-1 were experimentally confirmed for the optimal operating point predicted. The critical process parameters identified and their optimal settings should support the optimization of sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers based purification trains for other influenza virus strains, streamlining cell culture-derived vaccine manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Fortuna
- Bioprocess Engineering Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg Germany
| | - Florian Taft
- R&D Membrane Modification Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH Göttingen Germany
| | - Louis Villain
- R&D Membrane Modification Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH Göttingen Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Bioprocess Engineering Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg Germany.,Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen Gießen Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg Germany.,Chair of Bioprocess Engineering Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
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63
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Tostanoski LH, Jewell CM. Engineering self-assembled materials to study and direct immune function. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:60-78. [PMID: 28392305 PMCID: PMC6262758 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is an awe-inspiring control structure that maintains a delicate and constantly changing balance between pro-immune functions that fight infection and cancer, regulatory or suppressive functions involved in immune tolerance, and homeostatic resting states. These activities are determined by integrating signals in space and time; thus, improving control over the densities, combinations, and durations with which immune signals are delivered is a central goal to better combat infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmunity. Self-assembly presents a unique opportunity to synthesize materials with well-defined compositions and controlled physical arrangement of molecular building blocks. This review highlights strategies exploiting these capabilities to improve the understanding of how precisely-displayed cues interact with immune cells and tissues. We present work centered on fundamental properties that regulate the nature and magnitude of immune response, highlight pre-clinical and clinical applications of self-assembled technologies in vaccines, cancer, and autoimmunity, and describe some of the key manufacturing and regulatory hurdles facing these areas.
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Key Words
- Autoimmunity and tolerance
- Biomaterial
- Cancer
- Immunomodulation
- Manufacturing, regulatory approval and FDA
- Nanoparticle, microparticle, micelle, liposome, polyplex, lipoplex, polyelectrolyte multilayer
- Nanotechnology
- Non-covalent, hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction
- Self-assembly
- Sensor, diagnostic, and theranostic
- Vaccine and immunotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Tostanoski
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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64
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Pieler MM, Heyse A, Wolff MW, Reichl U. Specific ion effects on the particle size distributions of cell culture-derived influenza A virus particles within the Hofmeister series. Eng Life Sci 2017; 17:470-478. [PMID: 32624792 PMCID: PMC6999566 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus particle (VP) aggregation can have serious implications on clinical safety and efficacy of virus-based therapeutics. Typically, VP are suspended in buffers to establish defined product properties. Salts used to achieve these properties show specific effects in chemical and biological systems in a reoccurring trend known as Hofmeister series (HS). Hofmeister series effects are ubiquitous and can affect colloidal particle systems. In this study, influences of different ions (anions: SO4 2-, HPO4 2-, Cl-, Br-, NO3 -, I-; cations: K+, Na+, Li+, Mg2+, Ca2+) on particle size distributions of cell culture-derived influenza VP were investigated. For the experimental setup, influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) VP produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were used. Inactivated and concentrated virus harvests were dialyzed against buffers containing the ions of interest, followed by differential centrifugal sedimentation to measure particle size distributions. VP from both cell lines showed no aggregation over a wide range of buffers containing different salts in concentrations ≥60 mM. However, when dialyzed to low salt or Ca2+ buffers, VP produced in adherent cells showed increased aggregation compared to VP produced in suspension cells. Additionally, changes in VP diameters depending on specific ion concentrations were observed that partially reflected the HS trend.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Heyse
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg39106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Michael Werner Wolff
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems39106MagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg39106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems39106MagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg39106MagdeburgGermany
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65
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Sviben D, Forcic D, Ivancic-Jelecki J, Halassy B, Brgles M. Recovery of infective virus particles in ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction monolith chromatography is influenced by particle charge and total-to-infective particle ratio. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1054:10-19. [PMID: 28415019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Viral particles are used in medical applications as vaccines or gene therapy vectors. In order to obtain product of high purity, potency and safety for medical use purification of virus particles is a prerequisite, and chromatography is gaining increased attention to meet this aim. Here, we report on the use of ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on monolithic columns for purification of mumps virus (MuV) and measles virus (MeV). Efficiency of the process was monitored by quantification of infective virus particles (by 50% cell culture infective dose assay) and total virus particles, and monitoring of their size (by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis). Ion-exchange chromatography was shown to be inefficient for MuV and best results for MeV were obtained on QA column with recovery around 17%. Purification of MuV and MeV by hydrophobic interaction chromatography resulted in recoveries around 60%. Results showed that columns with small channels (d=1.4μm) are not suitable for MuV and MeV, although their size is below 400nm, whereas columns with large channels (6μm) showed to be efficient and recoveries independent on the flow rate up to 10mL/min. Heterogeneity of the virus suspension and its interday variability mostly regarding total-to-infective particle ratio was observed. Interestingly, a trend in recovery depending on the day of the harvest was also observed for both viruses, and it correlated with the total-to-infective particle ratio, indicating influence of the virus sample composition on the chromatography results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Sviben
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Dubravko Forcic
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Jelena Ivancic-Jelecki
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Beata Halassy
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Marija Brgles
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia.
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66
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Steppert P, Burgstaller D, Klausberger M, Kramberger P, Tover A, Berger E, Nöbauer K, Razzazi‐Fazeli E, Jungbauer A. Separation of HIV‐1 gag virus‐like particles from vesicular particles impurities by hydroxyl‐functionalized monoliths. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:979-990. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Steppert
- Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Daniel Burgstaller
- Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Miriam Klausberger
- Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | | | | | - Eva Berger
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Vienna Austria
| | - Katharina Nöbauer
- VetCore Facility for Research University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Vienna Austria
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67
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Marichal-Gallardo P, Pieler MM, Wolff MW, Reichl U. Steric exclusion chromatography for purification of cell culture-derived influenza A virus using regenerated cellulose membranes and polyethylene glycol. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1483:110-119. [PMID: 28069171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Steric exclusion chromatography has been used for the purification of proteins and bacteriophages using monoliths. The operation is carried out by mixing a crude sample containing the target species with a predetermined concentration and molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and loading it onto a non-reactive hydrophilic surface. Product capture occurs by the mutual steric exclusion of PEG between the product and the matrix. Selectivity is significantly influenced by target product size. Product elution is achieved by decreasing the PEG concentration. In this study, a 75cm2 cellulose membrane adsorber was used for the purification of a clarified and inactivated influenza A virus broth produced in a 5L bioreactor using suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells. Product recovery was above 95% based on hemagglutination activity and single radial immunodiffusion assays. Maximum depletion of double stranded host cell DNA and total protein was 99.7% and 92.4%, respectively. Purified virus particles showed no aggregation with a monodisperse peak around 84nm. 250mL of the clarified inactivated virus broth was purified within 40min. The surface area productivity based on the recovery of the viral hemagglutinin antigen was 28-50mgm-2h-1 depending on the feed and loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Marichal-Gallardo
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Michael M Pieler
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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68
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A cell culture-derived whole virus influenza A vaccine based on magnetic sulfated cellulose particles confers protection in mice against lethal influenza A virus infection. Vaccine 2016; 34:6367-6374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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69
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Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation methods for virus purification. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1469:108-119. [PMID: 27697294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Detailed biochemical and biophysical characterization of viruses requires viral preparations of high quantity and purity. The optimization of virus production and purification is an essential, but laborious and time-consuming process. Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) is an attractive alternative method for virus purification because it is a rapid and gentle separation method that should preserve viral infectivity. Here we optimized the AF4 conditions to be used for purification of a model virus, bacteriophage PRD1, from various types of starting materials. Our results show that AF4 is well suited for PRD1 purification as monitored by virus recovery and specific infectivity. Short analysis time and high sample loads enabled us to use AF4 for preparative scale purification of PRD1. Furthermore, we show that AF4 enables the rapid real-time analysis of progeny virus production in infected cells.
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70
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Steppert P, Burgstaller D, Klausberger M, Berger E, Aguilar PP, Schneider TA, Kramberger P, Tover A, Nöbauer K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Jungbauer A. Purification of HIV-1 gag virus-like particles and separation of other extracellular particles. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1455:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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71
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Mundle ST, Kishko M, Groppo R, DiNapoli J, Hamberger J, McNeil B, Kleanthous H, Parrington M, Zhang L, Anderson SF. Core bead chromatography for preparation of highly pure, infectious respiratory syncytial virus in the negative purification mode. Vaccine 2016; 34:3690-6. [PMID: 27238375 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human pathogen, and is the most frequent viral cause of severe respiratory disease in infants. In addition, it is increasingly being recognized as an important cause of respiratory disease in the elderly and immunocompromised. Although a passive prophylactic treatment does exist for high-risk neonates and children, the overall disease burden warrants the development of a safe and effective prophylactic vaccine for use in otherwise healthy newborns and children. RSV is known to be an extremely labile virus, prone to aggregation and loss of infectious titer during virus handling and preparation procedures. To date infective RSV virions have been prepared by methods which are not readily scalable, such as density gradient ultracentrifugation. In this study we describe a scalable, chromatography-based purification procedure for preparation of highly pure, infectious RSV. The purification scheme is based on core bead technology and hollow fiber tangential flow filtration (TFF) and results in a ∼60% recovery of infectious virus titer. This method can be used to prepare highly purified wild type or live-attenuated vaccine strain viruses with titers as high as 1×10(8) plaque forming units per mL. A live-attenuated RSV vaccine prepared by this method was found to be immunogenic and protective in vivo, and its purity was 50-200-fold greater with respect to host cell dsDNA and Vero host cell proteins, than the raw feed stream. The results presented here can be considered a starting point for downstream process development of a live-attenuated vaccine approach for prevention of disease by RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia T Mundle
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Michael Kishko
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rachel Groppo
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua DiNapoli
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John Hamberger
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bryan McNeil
- Sanofi Pasteur, ARD North America, 1755 Steeles Avenue West, Toronto, ON M2R 3T4, Canada
| | - Harry Kleanthous
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark Parrington
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Linong Zhang
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen F Anderson
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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72
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Besnard L, Fabre V, Fettig M, Gousseinov E, Kawakami Y, Laroudie N, Scanlan C, Pattnaik P. Clarification of vaccines: An overview of filter based technology trends and best practices. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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73
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Nestola P, Peixoto C, Villain L, Alves PM, Carrondo MJT, Mota JPB. Rational development of two flowthrough purification strategies for adenovirus type 5 and retro virus-like particles. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1426:91-101. [PMID: 26643723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report on the rational design and implementation of flowthrough (FT) platforms for purification of virus vectors (VVs) and virus-like particles (VLPs), combining anion-exchange polyallylamine membranes (Sartobind STIC) and core-shell octylamine resins (CaptoCore 700). In one configuration, the VV bulk is concentrated and conditioned with appropriate buffer in a ultra/diafiltration (UF/DF) unit prior to injection into the STIC chromatography membrane. The FT pool and an intermediate cut of the elution pool of the STIC membrane are admixed and directed to a second UF/DF. Finally, the retentate is injected into a CC700 packed bed adsorber where the purified VVs are collected in the FT pool, whereas the residual amount of DNA and host cell protein (HCP) are discarded in the eluate. The experimental recovery achieved with this downstream processing (DSP) platform is close to 100%, the DNA clearance is roughly a 4-log reduction, and the HCP level is reduced by 5 logs. The platform developed for VLP purification is simpler than the previous one, as the STIC membrane adsorber and CC700 bed are connected in series with no UF/DF unit in between. Experimentally, the FT scheme for VLP purification gave a recovery yield of 45% in the chromatography train; the experimental log reduction of DNA and HCP were 2.0 and 3.5, respectively. These results are in line with other purification strategies in the specific field of enveloped VLPs. Both DSP platforms were successfully developed from an initial design space of the binding of the major contaminant (DNA) to the two ligands, determined by surface plasmon resonance, which was subsequently scaled up and confirmed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Nestola
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Louis Villain
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Spindler-Strasse11, 37079 Gottingen, Germany
| | - Paula M Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José P B Mota
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
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74
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Jacinto M, Soares R, Azevedo A, Chu V, Tover A, Conde J, Aires-Barros M. Optimization and miniaturization of aqueous two phase systems for the purification of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus-like particles from a CHO cell supernatant. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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75
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Serve A, Pieler MM, Benndorf D, Rapp E, Wolff MW, Reichl U. Comparison of Influenza Virus Particle Purification Using Magnetic Sulfated Cellulose Particles with an Established Centrifugation Method for Analytics. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10708-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Serve
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Martin Pieler
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Benndorf
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Werner Wolff
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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76
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Preparation of pure, high titer, pseudoinfectious Flavivirus particles by hollow fiber tangential flow filtration and anion exchange chromatography. Vaccine 2015; 33:4255-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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77
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Gallo-Ramírez LE, Nikolay A, Genzel Y, Reichl U. Bioreactor concepts for cell culture-based viral vaccine production. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1181-95. [PMID: 26178380 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1067144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine manufacturing processes are designed to meet present and upcoming challenges associated with a growing vaccine market and to include multi-use facilities offering a broad portfolio and faster reaction times in case of pandemics and emerging diseases. The final products, from whole viruses to recombinant viral proteins, are very diverse, making standard process strategies hardly universally applicable. Numerous factors such as cell substrate, virus strain or expression system, medium, cultivation system, cultivation method, and scale need consideration. Reviewing options for efficient and economical production of human vaccines, this paper discusses basic factors relevant for viral antigen production in mammalian cells, avian cells and insect cells. In addition, bioreactor concepts, including static systems, single-use systems, stirred tanks and packed-beds are addressed. On this basis, methods towards process intensification, in particular operational strategies, the use of perfusion systems for high product yields, and steps to establish continuous processes are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilí Esmeralda Gallo-Ramírez
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg; Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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78
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Aubrit F, Perugi F, Léon A, Guéhenneux F, Champion-Arnaud P, Lahmar M, Schwamborn K. Cell substrates for the production of viral vaccines. Vaccine 2015; 33:5905-12. [PMID: 26187258 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines have been used for centuries to protect people and animals against infectious diseases. For vaccine production, it has become evident that cell culture technology can be considered as a key milestone and has been the result of decades of progress. The development and implementation of cell substrates have permitted massive and safe production of viral vaccines. The demand in new vaccines against emerging viral diseases, the increasing vaccine production volumes, and the stringent safety rules for manufacturing have made cell substrates mandatory viral vaccine producer factories. In this review, we focus on cell substrates for the production of vaccines against human viral diseases. Depending on the nature of the vaccine, choice of the cell substrate is critical. Each manufacturer intending to develop a new vaccine candidate should assess several cell substrates during the early development phase in order to select the most convenient for the application. First, as vaccine safety is quite naturally a central concern of Regulatory Agencies, the cell substrate has to answer the regulatory rules stringency. In addition, the cell substrate has to be competitive in terms of viral-specific production yields and manufacturing costs. No cell substrate, even the so-called "designer" cell lines, is able to fulfil all the requested criteria for all viral vaccines. Therefore, the availability of a variety of cell substrates for vaccine production is essential because it improves the chance to successfully respond to the current and future needs of vaccines linked to new emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases (e.g. pandemic flu, Ebola, and Chikungunya outbreaks).
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Aubrit
- Vaccines Research & Discovery Department, Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - Fabien Perugi
- Vaccines Research & Discovery Department, Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - Arnaud Léon
- Vaccines Research & Discovery Department, Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - Fabienne Guéhenneux
- Vaccines Research & Discovery Department, Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - Patrick Champion-Arnaud
- Vaccines Research & Discovery Department, Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - Mehdi Lahmar
- Vaccines Research & Discovery Department, Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - Klaus Schwamborn
- Vaccines Research & Discovery Department, Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France.
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79
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Nestola P, Peixoto C, Silva RRJS, Alves PM, Mota JPB, Carrondo MJT. Improved virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:843-57. [PMID: 25677990 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The downstream processing of virus particles for vaccination or gene therapy is becoming a critical bottleneck as upstream titers keep improving. Moreover, the growing pressure to develop cost-efficient processes has brought forward new downstream trains. This review aims at analyzing the state-of-the-art in viral downstream purification processes, encompassing the classical unit operations and their recent developments. Emphasis is given to novel strategies for process intensification, such as continuous or semi-continuous systems based on multicolumn technology, opening up process efficiency. Process understanding in the light of the pharmaceutical quality by design (QbD) initiative is also discussed. Finally, an outlook of the upcoming breakthrough technologies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Nestola
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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80
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Nestola P, Martins DL, Peixoto C, Roederstein S, Schleuss T, Alves PM, Mota JPB, Carrondo MJT. Evaluation of novel large cut-off ultrafiltration membranes for adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) concentration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115802. [PMID: 25546428 PMCID: PMC4278829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The purification of virus particles and viral vectors for vaccine and gene therapy applications is gaining increasing importance in order to deliver a fast, efficient, and reliable production process. Ultrafiltration (UF) is a widely employed unit operation in bioprocessing and its use is present in several steps of the downstream purification train of biopharmaceuticals. However, to date few studies have thoroughly investigated the performance of several membrane materials and cut-offs for virus concentration/diafiltration. The present study aimed at developing a novel class of UF cassettes for virus concentration/diafiltration. A detailed study was conducted to evaluate the effects of (i) membrane materials, namely polyethersulfone (PES), regenerated cellulose (RC), and highly cross-linked RC (xRC), (ii) nominal cut-off, and (iii) UF device geometry at different production scales. The results indicate that the xRC cassettes with a cut-off of approximately 500 kDa are able to achieve a 10-fold concentration factor with 100% recovery of particles with a process time twice as fast as that of a commercially available hollow fiber. DNA and host cell protein clearances, as well as hydraulic permeability and fouling behavior, were also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Nestola
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Duarte L. Martins
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Tobias Schleuss
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech, Spindler-Strasse 11, 37079, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Paula M. Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José P. B. Mota
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Requimte/CQFB, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manuel J. T. Carrondo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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81
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Bo H, Chen J, Liang T, Li S, Shao H, Huang S. Chromatographic purification of adenoviral vectors on anion-exchange resins. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 67:119-125. [PMID: 25433247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anion-exchange chromatography is a useful and effective tool for adenoviral vectors purification. However, due to the different functional groups and matrices, both binding capacity and resolution of most AEC resins are different. In this study, four different AEC resins are compared by the binding capacity, resolution and recovery. Using Fractogel TMAE as an adsorbent to purify adenoviral vectors has obvious advantages over the other resins, namely (1) dynamic binding capacity is higher than other resins; (2) unprecedented sharpness (1,570,000±250,000) and symmetry of adenoviral vectors peak (1.67±0.06); (3) higher resolution with other contaminants (2.16±0.08); (4) no enzymatic treatment; (5) the recovery can reach 75%; (6) the purity is higher and the total virion to infectious particle ratios can reach 18.9. In the present work, we confirmed the possibility of purifying pharmaceutical-grade adenoviral vectors by AEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaben Bo
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ting Liang
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Senhai Li
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hongwei Shao
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shulin Huang
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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82
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Gencoglu MF, Pearson E, Heldt CL. Porcine parvovirus flocculation and removal in the presence of osmolytes. J Biotechnol 2014; 186:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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83
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Vijayaragavan KS, Zahid A, Young JW, Heldt CL. Separation of porcine parvovirus from bovine serum albumin using PEG–salt aqueous two-phase system. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 967:118-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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84
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Vicente T, Burri S, Wellnitz S, Walsh K, Rothe S, Liderfelt J. Fully aseptic single-use cross flow filtration system for clarification and concentration of cytomegalovirus-like particles. Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201300093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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85
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Wang W, Wolff MW, Reichl U, Sundmacher K. Avidity of influenza virus: Model-based identification of adsorption kinetics from surface plasmon resonance experiments. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1326:125-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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86
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Production of high-titer human influenza A virus with adherent and suspension MDCK cells cultured in a single-use hollow fiber bioreactor. Vaccine 2013; 32:1003-11. [PMID: 24269322 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hollow fiber bioreactors (HFBRs) have been widely described as capable of supporting the production of highly concentrated monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins. Only recently HFBRs have been proposed as new single-use platforms for production of high-titer influenza A virus. These bioreactors contain multiple hollow fiber capillary tubes that separate the bioreactor in an intra- and an extra-capillary space. Cells are usually cultured in the extra-capillary space and can grow to a very high cell concentration. This work describes the evaluation of the single-use hollow fiber bioreactor PRIMER HF (Biovest International Inc., USA) for production of influenza A virus. The process was setup, characterized and optimized by running a total of 15 cultivations. The HFBRs were seeded with either adherent or suspension MDCK cells, and infected with influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), and the pandemic strain A/Mexico/4108/2009 (H1N1). High HA titers and TCID₅₀ of up to 3.87 log₁₀(HA units/100 μL) and 1.8 × 10(10)virions/mL, respectively, were obtained for A/PR/8/34 influenza strain. Influenza virus was collected by performing multiple harvests of the extra-capillary space during a virus production time of up to 12 days. Cell-specific virus yields between 2,000 and 8,000 virions/cell were estimated for adherent MDCK cells, and between 11,000 and 19,000 virions/cell for suspension MDCK.SUS2 cells. These results do not only coincide with the cell-specific virus yields obtained with cultivations in stirred tank bioreactors and other high cell density systems, but also demonstrate that HFBRs are promising and competitive single-use platforms that can be considered for commercial production of influenza virus.
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87
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88
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Segura MM, Mangion M, Gaillet B, Garnier A. New developments in lentiviral vector design, production and purification. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:987-1011. [PMID: 23590247 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.779249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lentiviruses are a very potent class of viral vectors for which there is presently a rapidly growing interest for a number of gene therapy. However, their construction, production and purification need to be performed according to state-of-the-art techniques in order to obtain sufficient quantities of high purity material of any usefulness and safety. AREAS COVERED The recent advances in the field of recombinant lentivirus vector design, production and purification will be reviewed with an eye toward its utilization for gene therapy. Such a review should be helpful for the potential user of this technology. EXPERT OPINION The principal hurdles toward the use of recombinant lentivirus as a gene therapy vector are the low titer at which it is produced as well as the difficulty to purify it at an acceptable level without degrading it. The recent advances in the bioproduction of this vector suggest these issues are about to be resolved, making the retrovirus gene therapy a mature technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mercedes Segura
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès (08193), Barcelona, Spain
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89
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Mundle ST, Hernandez H, Hamberger J, Catalan J, Zhou C, Stegalkina S, Tiffany A, Kleanthous H, Delagrave S, Anderson SF. High-purity preparation of HSV-2 vaccine candidate ACAM529 is immunogenic and efficacious in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57224. [PMID: 23468943 PMCID: PMC3582571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and to a lesser extent herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Infection by HSV-2 is life-long and is associated with significant cost to healthcare systems and social stigma despite the highly prevalent nature of the disease. For instance, the proportion of HSV-2 seropositive to seronegative adults is approximately 1 in 5 in the US and greater than 4 in 5 in some areas of sub-Saharan Africa. The replication-defective vaccine strain virus dl5-29 was re-derived using cells appropriate for GMP manufacturing and renamed ACAM529. Immunization with dl5-29 was previously reported to be protective both in mice and in guinea pigs, however these studies were performed with vaccine that was purified using methods that cannot be scaled for manufacturing of clinical material. Here we describe methods which serve as a major step towards preparation of ACAM529 which may be suitable for testing in humans. ACAM529 can be harvested from infected cell culture of the trans-complementing cell line AV529 clone 19 (AV529-19) without mechanical cell disruption. ACAM529 may then be purified with respect to host cell DNA and proteins by a novel purification scheme, which includes a combination of endonuclease treatment, depth filtration, anion-exchange chromatography and ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF). The resultant virus retains infectivity and is ∼ 200-fold more pure with respect to host cell DNA and proteins than is ACAM529 purified by ultracentrifugation. Additionally, we describe a side-by-side comparison of chromatography-purified ACAM529 with sucrose cushion-purified ACAM529, which shows that both preparations are equally immunogenic and protective when tested in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia T Mundle
- Discovery North America, Sanofi Pasteur, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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90
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Jordan I, Horn D, John K, Sandig V. A genotype of modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) that facilitates replication in suspension cultures in chemically defined medium. Viruses 2013; 5:321-39. [PMID: 23337383 PMCID: PMC3564123 DOI: 10.3390/v5010321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While vectored vaccines, based on hyperattenuated viruses, may lead to new treatment options against infectious diseases and certain cancers, they are also complex products and sometimes difficult to provide in sufficient amount and purity. To facilitate vaccine programs utilizing host-restricted poxviruses, we established avian suspension cell lines (CR and CR.pIX) and developed a robust, chemically defined, culturing process for production of this class of vectors. For one prominent member, modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), we now describe a new strain that appears to replicate to greater yields of infectious units, especially in the cell-free supernatant of cultures in chemically defined media. The new strain was obtained by repeated passaging in CR suspension cultures and, consistent with reports on the exceptional genetic stability of MVA, sequencing of 135 kb of the viral genomic DNA revealed that only three structural proteins (A3L, A9L and A34R) each carry a single amino acid exchange (H639Y, K75E and D86Y, respectively). Host restriction in a plaque-purified isolate of the new genotype appears to be maintained in cell culture. Processing towards an injectable vaccine preparation may be simplified with this strain as a complete lysate, containing the main burden of host cell contaminants, may not be required anymore to obtain adequate yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Jordan
- ProBioGen AG, Goethestr. 54, 13086 Berlin, Germany.
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91
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012; 24:770-9. [PMID: 23146873 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e32835af8de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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92
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Lee J, Gan HT, Latiff SMA, Chuah C, Lee WY, Yang YS, Loo B, Ng SK, Gagnon P. Principles and applications of steric exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012. [PMID: 23182281 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a chromatography method for purification of large proteins and viruses that works by capturing them at a non-reactive hydrophilic surface by their mutual steric exclusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG). No direct chemical interaction between the surface and the target species is required. We refer to the technique as steric exclusion chromatography. Hydroxyl-substituted polymethacrylate monoliths provide a hydrophilic surface and support convective mass transport that is unaffected by the viscosity of the PEG. Elution is achieved by reducing PEG concentration. Selectivity correlates with molecular size, with larger species retained more strongly than smaller species. Retention increases with PEG size and concentration. Salts weaken retention in proportion to their concentration and Hofmeister ranking. Retention is enhanced near the isoelectric point of the target species. Virus binding capacity was measured at 9.9×10(12) plaque forming units per mL of monolith. 99.8% of host cell proteins and 93% of DNA were eliminated. Mass recovery exceeded 90%. IgM capacity was greater than 60 mg/mL. 95% of host cell proteins were eliminated from IgM produced in protein-free media, and mass recovery was up to 90%. Bioactivity was fully conserved by both viruses and antibodies. Process time ranged from less than 30 min to 2 h depending on the product concentration in the feed stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lee
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore
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93
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Segura MM, Puig M, Monfar M, Chillón M. Chromatography Purification of Canine Adenoviral Vectors. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2012; 23:182-97. [DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2012.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María Mercedes Segura
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Current address: Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Meritxell Puig
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Mercè Monfar
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Miguel Chillón
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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