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Davis SM, Wiegand RE, Mulama F, Kareko EI, Harris R, Ochola E, Samuels AM, Rawago F, Mwinzi PM, Fox LM, Odiere MR, Won KY. Morbidity associated with schistosomiasis before and after treatment in young children in Rusinga Island, western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 92:952-8. [PMID: 25758651 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni infection is a major cause of organomegaly and ultimately liver fibrosis in adults. Morbidity in pre-school-aged children is less defined, and they are currently not included in mass drug administration (MDA) programs for schistosomiasis control. We report results of a study of the association of schistosomiasis with organomegaly in a convenience sample of 201 children under 7 years old in Rusinga, Kenya on two cross-sectional visits, before and after praziquantel treatment. Data included stool examination and serology for schistosomiasis, the Niamey ultrasound protocol to stage hepatosplenic morbidity including organomegaly, and potential confounders including malaria. Unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regressions were performed. The baseline prevalence of schistosomiasis by antibody and/or stool was 80.3%. Schistomiasis was associated with hepatomegaly (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0-2.1) and splenomegaly (aPR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2-3.7). The association with hepatomegaly persisted posttreatment (aPR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.6). Schistosomiasis was associated with morbidity in this cohort. Efforts to include young children in mass treatment campaigns should intensify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Davis
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Ryan E Wiegand
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Fridah Mulama
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Edmund Ireri Kareko
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Robert Harris
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Elizabeth Ochola
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Aaron M Samuels
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Fredrick Rawago
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Pauline M Mwinzi
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - LeAnne M Fox
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Maurice R Odiere
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Kimberly Y Won
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, New Hampshire
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Olveda DU, Olveda RM, McManus DP, Cai P, Chau TNP, Lam AK, Li Y, Harn DA, Vinluan ML, Ross AGP. The chronic enteropathogenic disease schistosomiasis. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 28:193-203. [PMID: 25250908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a chronic enteropathogenic disease caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. The disease afflicts approximately 240 million individuals globally, causing approximately 70 million disability-adjusted life years lost. Chronic infections with morbidity and mortality occur as a result of granuloma formation in the intestine, liver, or in the case of Schistosoma haematobium, the bladder. Various methods are utilized to diagnose and evaluate liver fibrosis due to schistosomiasis. Liver biopsy is still considered the gold standard, but it is invasive. Diagnostic imaging has proven to be an invaluable method in assessing hepatic morbidity in the hospital setting, but has practical limitations in the field. The potential of non-invasive biological markers, serum antibodies, cytokines, and circulating host microRNAs to diagnose hepatic fibrosis is presently undergoing evaluation. This review provides an update on the recent advances made with respect to gastrointestinal disease associated with chronic schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David U Olveda
- Department of Medical Sciences, Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Remigio M Olveda
- Department of Health, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, The Philippines
| | - Donald P McManus
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thao N P Chau
- Department of Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Department of Medical Sciences, Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald A Harn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA
| | - Marilyn L Vinluan
- Department of Health, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, The Philippines
| | - Allen G P Ross
- Department of Medical Sciences, Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast, Australia.
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