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Kim EA, Park JS, Kim MS, Jeong MY, Park HJ, Choi JH, Seo JH, Choi YS, Kang MJ. High-Payload Nanosuspension of Centella asiatica Extract for Improved Skin Delivery with No Irritation. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7417-7432. [PMID: 34764648 PMCID: PMC8573141 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s335039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The titrated extract of Centella asiatica (CA) has received much attention as a cosmeceutical ingredient owing to its anti-wrinkle effect. However, due to the low solubility and high molecular weight of pharmacologically active constituents, including asiatic acid (AA), madecassic acid (MA), and asiaticoside (AS), it is challenging to fabricate high-payload topical preparations of CA with satisfactory skin absorption profiles. Purpose This study aimed to design a high-payload topical preparation of CA using nanocrystallization technique and to evaluate its skin absorption profile and local tolerability. Methods High-payload nanocrystal suspensions (NSs) were prepared using lab-scale bead-milling technology, by adjusting the type and amount of suspending agent, CA content, type of vehicle, and milling speed. CA-loaded NSs were characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, crystallinity, and in vitro dissolution pattern. Skin absorption of CA nanocrystals was evaluated using a vertical Franz diffusion cell mounted with porcine skin. In vivo skin irritation following topical application of high-payload NS was assessed in normal rats. Results The optimized NS system, composed of 10% (w/v) CA, 0.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 as steric stabilizer, and 89.5% of distilled water, was characterized as follows: spherical or elliptical in shape, 200 nm in size, with low crystallinity. The in vitro dissolution of AA or MA from NSs was markedly faster compared to raw material, under sink condition. Penetration of AA, MA, and AS in the porcine skin was markedly elevated using the high-payload NS formula, providing 5-, 4-, and 4.5-fold higher accumulation in skin layer, compared to that of the marketed cream formula (CA 1%, Madeca cream). Moreover, topical application of high-payload NS was tolerable, showing neither erythema nor oedema in normal rats. Conclusion The novel NS system is expected to be a virtuous approach for offering a better skin absorption of CA, without using an excess quantity of solubilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun A Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, Korea
| | - Jun Soo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, Korea
| | - Min Seop Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, Korea
| | - Min Young Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, Korea
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Stefanov SR, Andonova VY. Lipid Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Advances in the Treatment of Skin Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1083. [PMID: 34832865 PMCID: PMC8619682 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional role of the human skin is well known. It acts as a sensory and immune organ that protects the human body from harmful environmental impacts such as chemical, mechanical, and physical threats, reduces UV radiation effects, prevents moisture loss, and helps thermoregulation. In this regard, skin disorders related to skin integrity require adequate treatment. Lipid nanoparticles (LN) are recognized as promising drug delivery systems (DDS) in treating skin disorders. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) together with nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) exhibit excellent tolerability as these are produced from physiological and biodegradable lipids. Moreover, LN applied to the skin can improve stability, drug targeting, occlusion, penetration enhancement, and increased skin hydration compared with other drug nanocarriers. Furthermore, the features of LN can be enhanced by inclusion in suitable bases such as creams, ointments, gels (i.e., hydrogel, emulgel, bigel), lotions, etc. This review focuses on recent developments in lipid nanoparticle systems and their application to treating skin diseases. We point out and consider the reasons for their creation, pay attention to their advantages and disadvantages, list the main production techniques for obtaining them, and examine the place assigned to them in solving the problems caused by skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan R. Stefanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
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Fereig SA, El-Zaafarany GM, Arafa MG, Abdel-Mottaleb MMA. Self-assembled tacrolimus-loaded lecithin-chitosan hybrid nanoparticles for in vivo management of psoriasis. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121114. [PMID: 34543618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lecithin-chitosan hybrid nanoparticles are emerging as a promising nanocarrier for topical drug delivery. They could achieve a maximized encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs due to the lipophilic nature of lecithin that comprises the core while enhancing retention in the upper skin layers using the positively charged polymeric coat of chitosan. The aim of this study is to incorporate tacrolimus; a hydrophobic anti-proliferative agent into lecithin chitosan hybrid nanoparticles by ethanolic injection technique using a suitable co-solvent to enhance encapsulation of the drug and allow a satisfactory release profile in the upper skin layers. Tacrolimus was successfully incorporated into the synthesized particles using olive oil and Tween 80 as co-solvents, with particle size (160.9 nm ± 15.9 and 118.7 nm ± 13.3, respectively) and EE (88.27% ± 4.3 and 66.72% ± 1.8, respectively). The in vitro drug release profile showed a faster release pattern for the Tween 80-containing particles over a 48-hour period (79.98% vs. 35.57%), hence, were selected for further investigation. The hybrid nanoparticles achieved significantly higher skin deposition than the marketed product (63.51% vs. 34.07%) through a 24-hour time interval, particularly, to the stratum corneum and epidermis skin layers. The in vivo results on IMQ-mouse models revealed superior anti-psoriatic efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles in comparison to the marketed product in terms of visual observation of the skin condition, PASI score and histopathological examination of autopsy skin samples. Additionally, the in vivo drug deposition showed superior skin deposition of the nanoparticles compared to the marketed product (74.9% vs. 13.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Fereig
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - Ghada M El-Zaafarany
- Department of pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Egypt; Chemotherapeutic unit, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona M A Abdel-Mottaleb
- Department of pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Assessment of Topical and Transdermal Penetration of Curcuma heyneana Rhizome Extract in Rat Skin: Histological Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34473332 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1558-4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Currently, there are increasing numbers of dermal and transdermal dosage forms of both natural and synthetic compounds on the market. Therefore, it is necessary to have a method that can measure the release and penetration of the compound into the skin. This chapter presents a current method for evaluating the skin penetration of a Curcuma heyneana rhizome extract in vivo using histological parameters. We also evaluate a liposome delivery system of the same extract to determine any differences in penetration due to changes in the drug delivery system.
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Jenabikordi K, Zadeh BSM, Rezaie A. Co-encapsulation of metformin and ginger into the liposomes: in vitro characterization and in vivo anti-psoriasis evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1447-1458. [PMID: 35266419 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.2001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune inflammatory skin disorder consists of hyperkeratosis, abnormal keratinization, acanthosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the dermis. Topical pharmacotherapy with conventional molecules and formulations is associated with toxicity, low efficacy, and poor skin penetration. Lipid-based nanoparticles can be introduced as a new strategy for improving the efficacy of psoriasis treatment by increasing drug localization. Metformin-loaded liposomes were prepared by thin-layer hydration technique and characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency, and release profiles. The optimized formulations including metformin and two concentrations of ginger were further evaluated in ex vivo skin permeation and localization, and in vivo psoriasis treatment in an imiquimod-induced psoriatic skin model. Optimized liposome has indicated its ability in localization of metformin at the skin may by improving the impaired psoriatic skin barrier. Co-administration of metformin and ginger loaded in liposome completely treated the psoriatic lesions after 21 days of treatment and significantly decreased IL-22 and TNF-α compared with untreated skin and skin treated by betamethasone as a positive control. In conclusion, metformin and ginger loaded in liposomes have shown perfect results in providing effective treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Jenabikordi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Anahita Rezaie
- Department of pathobiology, faculty of veterinary medicine, shahid chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Maji R, Omolo CA, Jaglal Y, Singh S, Devnarain N, Mocktar C, Govender T. A transferosome-loaded bigel for enhanced transdermal delivery and antibacterial activity of vancomycin hydrochloride. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120990. [PMID: 34389419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive route of administration relative to other routes as it offers enhanced therapeutic efficacy. However, due to poor skin permeability of certain drugs, their application in transdermal delivery is limited. The ultra-deformable nature of transferosomes makes them suitable vehicles for transdermal delivery of drugs that have high molecular weights and hydrophilicity. However, their low viscosity, which leads to low contact time on the surface of the skin, has restricted their application in transdermal delivery. Therefore, this study aimed to deliver transferosomes loaded with a highly water-soluble and high molecular weight vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM-HCl) via a bigel for systemic delivery and treatment of microbial infections. VCM-HCl-loaded transferosomal formulations (TNFs) were prepared using a reverse-phase evaporation method and then loaded into a bigel. Both the TNFs and TNFs-loaded bigel (TNF-L-B) were characterized by a range of in vitro and ex vivo techniques. TNFs and TNF-L-B were tested for biosafety via the MTT assay and found to be biosafe. Prepared TNFs had sizes, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of 63.02 ± 5.34 nm, -20.93 ± 6.13 mV and 84.48 ± 1.22% respectively. VCM-HCl release from TNF-L-B showed a prolonged release profile with 39.76 ± 1.6% after 24hrs when compared to bare VCM-HCl loaded in the bigel (74.81 ± 8.84%). Ex-vivo permeation of prepared TNF-L-B showed a higher permeation flux of 0.56 µg/cm2/h compared to the bare VCM-HCl-loaded bigel of 0.23 µg/cm2/h, indicating superior permeation and bioavailability of the drug. Additionally, the prepared TNF-L-B demonstrated improved antimicrobial activity. The TNF-L-B showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.97 μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and 1.95 μg/ml against methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA), which were 2-fold lower MIC values than the bare drug. The time-kill assay showed that both TNFs and TNF-L-B systems caused a 5.6-log reduction (100%) in MRSA compared to bare VCM-HCl after 24 hrs of incubation. Furthermore, as opposed to the bare VCM-HCl solution, the degree of biofilm reduction caused by TNFs (55.72%) and TNF-L-B (34.58%) suggests their dominance in eradicating MRSA biofilm. These findings indicate that TNF-L-B is a promising system for transdermal delivery of hydrophilic and high molecular weight drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Maji
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; United States International University-Africa, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, P.O. Box 14634-00800, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Yajna Jaglal
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sanil Singh
- Biomedical Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nikita Devnarain
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
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Singha LR, Das MK. Effect of Mesua ferrea Linn. seed kernel oil on percutaneous absorption of Diltiazem hydrochloride through pig ear epidermis: A mechanistic study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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58
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Grammatikopoulou MG, Gkiouras K, Dardiotis E, Zafiriou E, Tsigalou C, Bogdanos DP. Peeking into the future: Transdermal patches for the delivery of micronutrient supplements. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100109. [PMID: 34337377 PMCID: PMC8318979 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesive transdermal delivery devices (patches) are the latest advancement in the delivery of micronutrients. A common challenge in this mode of delivery includes surpassing the physical barrier of the skin, while the use of microneedle (MN) arrays, or pretreatment of the skin with MNs can be used for a more successful outcome. Limited evidence from human non-randomized trials point to a sub-optimal delivery of iron through skin patches, although no MNs were used in those trials. Moreover, the use of patches proved inefficient in reducing the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in post-bariatric surgery patients. The delivery of minerals was tested in animals using reservoir-type patches, gel/foam patches, MNs and iontophoresis. Results from these studies indicate a possible interplay between the dietary manipulation of mineral intake and the trandermal delivery through patches, as reduced, or regular dietary intake seems to increase absorption of the delivered mineral. Moreover, intervention duration could be an additional factor affecting absorption. Possible adverse events from animal studies include redness or decolorization of skin. In vitro and ex vivo studies revealed an increase in vitamin K, vitamin D and iron delivery, however a variety of methodological discrepancies are apparent in these studies, including the models used, the length of the MNs, the duration of application, temperature control and total micronutrient load in the patches. Data indicate that pre-treating the skin with MNs might enhance delivery; however, a source of variability in the observed effectiveness might include the different molecular weights of the nutrients used, skin factors, the ideal tip radius and MN wall thickness. Non-human studies indicate a potential benefit in combining MN with iontophoresis. Presently, the transdermal delivery seems promising with regard to nutritional supplementation, however limited evidence exists for its efficacy in humans. Future research should aim to control for both intervention duration, possible deficiency status and for the dietary intake of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efterpi Zafiriou
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Department of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The burden of the management of problematic skin wounds characterised by a compromised skin barrier is growing rapidly. Almost six million patients are affected in the US alone, with an estimated market of $25 billion annually. There is an urgent requirement for efficient mechanism-based treatments and more efficacious drug delivery systems. Novel strategies are needed for faster healing by reducing infection, moisturising the wound, stimulating the healing mechanisms, speeding up wound closure and reducing scar formation. METHODS A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted on the recent perspectives of nanotechnology in burn wounds management. Pubmed, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsychINFO databases were all systematically searched. Authors independently rated the reporting of the qualitative studies included. A comprehensive literature search was conducted covering various resources up to 2018-2019. Traditional techniques aim to simply cover the wound without playing any active role in wound healing. However, nanotechnology-based solutions are being used to create multipurpose biomaterials, not only for regeneration and repair, but also for on-demand delivery of specific molecules. The chronic nature and associated complications of nonhealing wounds have led to the emergence of nanotechnology-based therapies that aim at facilitating the healing process and ultimately repairing the injured tissue. CONCLUSION Nanotechnology-based therapy is in the forefront of next-generation therapy that is able to advance wound healing of hard-to-heal wounds. In this review, we will highlight the developed nanotechnology-based therapeutic agents and assess the viability and efficacy of each treatment. Herein we will explore the unmet needs and future directions of current technologies, while discussing promising strategies that can advance the wound-healing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Na
- Orthopedics Department, Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, China
| | - Tian Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
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Tijani AO, Nunez E, Singh K, Khanna G, Puri A. Transdermal Route: A Viable Option for Systemic Delivery of Antidepressants. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3129-3149. [PMID: 34089714 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The high rise in the population suffering from depression depicts the need for improved and highly effective treatment options for this condition. Efforts to develop existing drugs into user-friendly dosage forms with a number of advantages in major depressive states, including but not limited to: sustained drug release, reduced drug dosing frequency, improved tolerance and adherence, suitability for use in diverse populations and different treatment scenarios, as well as less central nervous system side effects are required. One such non-invasive drug delivery route that could provide the aforementioned benefits in the treatment of depression is the transdermal route. A number of conventional and emerging transdermal delivery strategies have been investigated for some potent antidepressants and results depict the potential of this route as a viable means for systemic delivery of therapeutically relevant doses of the tested agents, with Emsam®, the commercially available patch of selegiline, being an evidence for the same. The investigated approaches include the formulation of transdermal patches, use of vesicular drug carriers, pro-drug approach, microemulsification, chemical as well as physical enhancement technologies. This review provides a comprehensive account of the rationale, developments made till date, scope and future prospects of delivering antidepressants via the transdermal1 route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeemat O Tijani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Estefany Nunez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Karyn Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Garima Khanna
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab 160014, India
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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Biswasroy P, Pradhan D, Kar B, Ghosh G, Rath G. Recent Advancement in Topical Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Psoriasis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:164. [PMID: 34041632 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a life-threatening autoimmune inflammatory skin disease, triggered by T lymphocyte. Recently, the drugs most commonly used for the treatment of psoriasis include methotrexate (MTX), cyclosporine (CsA), acitretin, dexamethasone, and salicylic acid. However, conventional formulations due to poor absorptive capacity, inconsistent drug release characteristics, poor capability of selective targeting, poor retention of drug molecules in target tissue, and unintended skin reactions restrict the clinical efficacy of drugs. Advances in topical nanocarriers allow the development of prominent drug delivery platforms can be employed to address the critical issues associated with conventional formulations. Advances in nanocarriers design, nano-dimensional configuration, and surface functionalization allow formulation scientists to develop formulations for a more effective treatment of psoriasis. Moreover, interventions in the size distribution, shape, agglomeration/aggregation potential, and surface chemistry are the significant aspects need to be critically evaluated for better therapeutic results. This review attempted to explore the opportunities and challenges of current revelations in the nano carrier-based topical drug delivery approach used for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Ahmed MM, Fatima F, Anwer MK, Ibnouf EO, Kalam MA, Alshamsan A, Aldawsari MF, Alalaiwe A, Ansari MJ. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of topical nanosponge-based gel containing butenafine for the treatment of fungal skin infection. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:467-477. [PMID: 34135673 PMCID: PMC8180615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, four formulae (BNS1-BNS4) of butenafine (BTF) loaded nanosponges (NS) were fabricated by solvent emulsification technology, using different concentration of ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a rate retarding polymer and surfactant, respectively. Prepared NS were characterized for particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL). Nanocarrier BNS3 was optimized based on the particle characterizations and drug encapsulation. It was further evaluated for physicochemical characterizations; FTIR, DSC, XRD and SEM. Selected NS BNS3 composed of BTF (100 mg), EC (200 mg) and 0.3% of PVA showed, PS (543 ± 0.67 nm), PDI (0.330 ± 0.02), ZP (-33.8 ± 0.89 mV), %EE (71.3 ± 0.34%) and %DL (22.8 ± 0.67%), respectively. Fabricated NS also revealed; polymer-drug compatibility, drug-encapsulation, non-crystalline state of the drug in the spherical NS as per the physicochemical evaluations. Optimized NS (BNS3) with equivalent amount of (1%, w/w or w/v) BTF was incorporated into the (1%, w/w or w/v) carbopol gel. BTF loaded NS based gel was then evaluated for viscosity, spreadability, flux, drug diffusion, antifungal, stability and skin irritation studies. BNS3 based topical gels exhibited a flux rate of 0.18 (mg/cm2.h), drug diffusion of 89.90 ± 0.87% in 24 h with Higuchi model following anomalous non-Fickian drug release. The BNS3 based-gel could be effective against pathogenic fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elmutasim Osman Ibnouf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Abul Kalam
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Patel D, Chatterjee B. Identifying Underlying Issues Related to the Inactive Excipients of Transfersomes based Drug Delivery System. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:971-980. [PMID: 33069192 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201016144354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transfersomes are bilayer vesicles composed of phospholipid and edge activators, which are mostly surfactant. Transfersomes based drug delivery system has gained a lot of interest of the pharmaceutical researchers for their ability to improve drug penetration and permeation through the skin. Transdermal drug delivery via transfersomes has the potential to overcome the challenge of low systemic availability. However, this complex vesicular system has different issues to consider for developing a successful transdermal delivery system. One of the major ingredients, phospholipid, has versatile sources and variable effect on the vesicle size and drug entrapment in transfersomes. The other one, termed as edge activators or surfactant, has some crucial consideration of skin damage and toxicity depending upon its type and concentration. A complex interaction between type and concentration of phospholipid and surfactant was observed, which affect the physicochemical properties of transfersomes. This review focuses on the practical factors related to these two major ingredients, such as phospholipid and surfactant. The origin, purity, desired concentration, the susceptibility of degradation, etc. are the important factors for selecting phospholipid. Regarding surfactants, the major aspects are type and desired concentration. A successful development of transfersomes based drug delivery system depends on the proper considerations of these factors and practical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drashti Patel
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Bappaditya Chatterjee
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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Jamshaid H, Din FU, Khan GM. Nanotechnology based solutions for anti-leishmanial impediments: a detailed insight. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:106. [PMID: 33858436 PMCID: PMC8051083 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a neglected tropical disease, Leishmaniasis is significantly instigating morbidity and mortality across the globe. Its clinical spectrum varies from ulcerative cutaneous lesions to systemic immersion causing hyperthermic hepato-splenomegaly. Curbing leishmanial parasite is toughly attributable to the myriad obstacles in existing chemotherapy and immunization. Since the 1990s, extensive research has been conducted for ameliorating disease prognosis, by resolving certain obstacles of conventional therapeutics viz. poor efficacy, systemic toxicity, inadequate drug accumulation inside the macrophage, scarce antigenic presentation to body's immune cells, protracted length and cost of the treatment. Mentioned hurdles can be restricted by designing nano-drug delivery system (nano-DDS) of extant anti-leishmanials, phyto-nano-DDS, surface modified-mannosylated and thiolated nano-DDS. Likewise, antigen delivery with co-transportation of suitable adjuvants would be achievable through nano-vaccines. In the past decade, researchers have engineered nano-DDS to improve the safety profile of existing drugs by restricting their release parameters. Polymerically-derived nano-DDS were found as a suitable option for oral delivery as well as SLNs due to pharmacokinetic re-modeling of drugs. Mannosylated nano-DDS have upgraded macrophage internalizing of nanosystem and the entrapped drug, provided with minimal toxicity. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) was tackling by the utilization of nano-DDS designed for topical delivery including niosomes, liposomes, and transfersomes. Transfersomes, however, appears to be superior for this purpose. The nanotechnology-based solution to prevent parasitic resistance is the use of Thiolated drug-loaded and multiple drugs loaded nano-DDS. These surfaces amended nano-DDS possess augmented IC50 values in comparison to conventional drugs and un-modified nano-DDS. Phyto-nano-DDS, another obscure horizon, have also been evaluated for their anti-leishmanial response, however, more intense assessment is a prerequisite. Impoverished Cytotoxic T-cells response followed by Leishmanial antigen proteins delivery have also been vanquished using nano-adjuvants. The eminence of nano-DDS for curtailment of anti-leishmanial chemotherapy and immunization associated challenges are extensively summed up in this review. This expedited approach is ameliorating the Leishmaniasis management successfully. Alongside, total to partial eradication of this disease can be sought along with associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humzah Jamshaid
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Boscariol R, Caetano ÉA, Silva EC, Oliveira TJ, Rosa-Castro RM, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM. Performance of Choline Geranate Deep Eutectic Solvent as Transdermal Permeation Enhancer: An In Vitro Skin Histological Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040540. [PMID: 33924325 PMCID: PMC8070039 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present research work, we addressed the changes in skin by which deep eutectic solvents (DES) enhanced transdermal permeation of bioactive compounds and propose a rationale for this mechanism. Several studies showed that these unusual liquids were ideal solvents for transdermal delivery of biomolecules, but to date, no histological studies relating the action of DES to changes in the structure of the outer skin barrier have been reported. In the research effort described herein, we presented an in-depth analysis of the changes induced in the skin by choline geranate DES, a compound with proven capabilities of enhancing transdermal permeation without deleterious impacts on the cells. The results obtained showed that a low percentage of DES acted as a transient disruptor of the skin structure, facilitating the passage of bioactive compounds dissolved in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Boscariol
- PhageLab—Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil; (R.B.); (É.A.C.); (E.C.S.); (T.J.O.); (R.M.R.-C.); (M.M.D.C.V.)
| | - Érika A. Caetano
- PhageLab—Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil; (R.B.); (É.A.C.); (E.C.S.); (T.J.O.); (R.M.R.-C.); (M.M.D.C.V.)
| | - Erica C. Silva
- PhageLab—Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil; (R.B.); (É.A.C.); (E.C.S.); (T.J.O.); (R.M.R.-C.); (M.M.D.C.V.)
| | - Thais J. Oliveira
- PhageLab—Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil; (R.B.); (É.A.C.); (E.C.S.); (T.J.O.); (R.M.R.-C.); (M.M.D.C.V.)
| | - Raquel M. Rosa-Castro
- PhageLab—Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil; (R.B.); (É.A.C.); (E.C.S.); (T.J.O.); (R.M.R.-C.); (M.M.D.C.V.)
| | - Marta M. D. C. Vila
- PhageLab—Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil; (R.B.); (É.A.C.); (E.C.S.); (T.J.O.); (R.M.R.-C.); (M.M.D.C.V.)
| | - Victor M. Balcão
- PhageLab—Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil; (R.B.); (É.A.C.); (E.C.S.); (T.J.O.); (R.M.R.-C.); (M.M.D.C.V.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(15)-2101-7029; Fax: +55-(15)-2101-7000
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Dellali M, Iurciuc (Tincu) CE, Savin CL, Spahis N, Djennad M, Popa M. Hydrogel Films Based on Chitosan and Oxidized Carboxymethylcellulose Optimized for the Controlled Release of Curcumin with Applications in Treating Dermatological Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:2185. [PMID: 33920154 PMCID: PMC8069243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-linked chitosan (CS) films with aldehyde groups obtained by oxidation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with NaIO4 were prepared using different molar ratios between the CHO groups from oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCOx) and NH2 groups from CS (from 0.25:1 to 2:1). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy demonstrated the aldehyde groups' presence in the CMCOx. The maximum oxidation degree was 22.9%. In the hydrogel, the amino groups' conversion index value increased when the -CHO/-NH2 molar ratio, cross-linking temperature, and time increased, while the swelling degree values decreased. The hydrogel films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR analysis. The curcumin encapsulation efficiency decreases from 56.74% to 16.88% when the cross-linking degree increases. The immobilized curcumin release efficiency (REf%) and skin membrane permeability were evaluated in vitro in two different pH solutions using a Franz diffusion cell, and it was found to decrease when the molar ratio -CH=O/NH2 increases. The curcumin REf% in the receptor compartment was higher at pH = 7.4 (18%- for the sample with a molar ratio of 0.25:1) than at pH = 5.5 (16.5%). The curcumin absorption in the skin membrane at pH = 5.5 (47%) was more intense than at pH = 7.4 (8.6%). The curcumin-loaded films' antioxidant activity was improved due to the CS presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Dellali
- Laboratory of Structure, Elaboration, and Application of Molecular Materials, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria; (M.D.); (M.D.)
- Faculty of Technology, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, BP 151, Chlef 02000, Algeria;
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Mangeron Blvd. no. 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Camelia Elena Iurciuc (Tincu)
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Mangeron Blvd. no. 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, no. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Corina Lenuța Savin
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Mangeron Blvd. no. 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Nawel Spahis
- Faculty of Technology, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, BP 151, Chlef 02000, Algeria;
| | - M’hamed Djennad
- Laboratory of Structure, Elaboration, and Application of Molecular Materials, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria; (M.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Marcel Popa
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Mangeron Blvd. no. 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei Street, No 54, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
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Hernandes AN, Boscariol R, Balcão VM, Vila MMDC. Transdermal Permeation of Caffeine Aided by Ionic Liquids: Potential for Enhanced Treatment of Cellulitis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:121. [PMID: 33796955 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginoid hydrolipodystrophy (HDLG) or "cellulite" involves alteration of the cutaneous relief and occurs in 80-90% of the female population. Several topical treatments are available with the use of substances capable of stimulating lipolysis, such as caffeine. However, the effectiveness of topical therapy is related to the processes of release and permeation of the active in skin cells. In this sense, ionic liquids, such as choline geranate, are considered to facilitate topical permeation agents. In this way, the aim of this research was to develop and evaluation of the effectiveness of a cosmetic product for topical treatment of cellulite with caffeine in association with choline geranate. The choline geranate was synthesized by the reaction between geranic acid and choline hydroxide [1: 2]. The gel was prepared using 2% Carpobol 940®, 5% caffeine, and 1% choline geranate. Preliminary and accelerated stability tests were performed by checking pH, spreadability, and organoleptic characteristics. The transdermal permeation capacity of caffeine in vitro was evaluated by the Franz cell permeation assay, and the gel cytotoxicity by the MTS method. To prove the efficacy in the treatment of cellulite, a pilot type 1 clinical trial was carried out. The formulation was considered stable and the product maintained your characteristics during 180 days of storage. The product showed moderate cytotoxicity and high skin permeation capacity. In the clinical trial, it showed results superior to the caffeine gel without ionic liquid. The developed gel favored the cutaneous permeation of caffeine, showing a promising product in the treatment of cellulite.
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Chaturvedi S, Garg A. An insight of techniques for the assessment of permeation flux across the skin for optimization of topical and transdermal drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yu YQ, Yang X, Wu XF, Fan YB. Enhancing Permeation of Drug Molecules Across the Skin via Delivery in Nanocarriers: Novel Strategies for Effective Transdermal Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:646554. [PMID: 33855015 PMCID: PMC8039394 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.646554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The transdermal route of administration provides numerous advantages over conventional routes i.e., oral or injectable for the treatment of different diseases and cosmetics applications. The skin also works as a reservoir, thus deliver the penetrated drug for more extended periods in a sustained manner. It reduces toxicity and local irritation due to multiple sites for absorption and owes the option of avoiding systemic side effects. However, the transdermal route of delivery for many drugs is limited since very few drugs can be delivered at a viable rate using this route. The stratum corneum of skin works as an effective barrier, limiting most drugs' penetration posing difficulty to cross through the skin. Fortunately, some non-invasive methods can significantly enhance the penetration of drugs through this barrier. The use of nanocarriers for increasing the range of available drugs for the transdermal delivery has emerged as a valuable and exciting alternative. Both the lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs can be delivered via a range of nanocarriers through the stratum corneum with the possibility of having local or systemic effects to treat various diseases. In this review, the skin structure and major obstacle for transdermal drug delivery, different nanocarriers used for transdermal delivery, i.e., nanoparticles, ethosomes, dendrimers, liposomes, etc., have been discussed. Some recent examples of the combination of nanocarrier and physical methods, including iontophoresis, ultrasound, laser, and microneedles, have also been discussed for improving the therapeutic efficacy of transdermal drugs. Limitations and future perspectives of nanocarriers for transdermal drug delivery have been summarized at the end of this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Yu
- Scientific Research and Education Department, Chun’an First People’s Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Chun’an Branch), Hangzhou, China
- Nursing Department, Chun’an First People’s Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Chun’an Branch), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wu
- Nursing Department, Chun’an First People’s Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Chun’an Branch), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Bin Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Formulation and evaluation of transdermal nanogel for delivery of artemether. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1655-1674. [PMID: 33742415 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Artemether (ART) is second to artesunate in being the most widely used derivatives of artemisinin in combination therapy of malaria. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulations were prepared following our previous report using optimized ART concentration of 0.25 g dissolved in 5% w/v mixture of solid (Gelucire 43/01 and Phospholipon 85G) and liquid (Transcutol) lipids at 90 °C. An aqueous surfactant phase at 90 °C was added (dropwise) under magnetic stirring (1000 rpm) for 5 min. The pre-emulsion was speedily homogenized at 28,000 rpm for 15 min and further probe sonicated at 60% amplitude (15 min). Resultant sample was cooled at room temperature and frozen at - 80 °C prior to lyophilization. The freeze-dried sample was used for solid-state characterization as well as in the formulation of transdermal nanogels using three polymers (Carbopol 971P, Poloxamer 407, and Prosopis africana peel powder) to embed the ART-NLC, using ethanol as a penetration enhancer. Transdermal ART-nanogels were characterized accordingly (physical examination, pH, drug content, rheology, spreadability, stability, particle size and morphology, skin irritation, in vitro and ex vivo skin permeation, and analysis of permeation data), P < 0.05. Results indicated that ART nanogels showed good encapsulation, drug release, pH-dependent swelling, stability, and tolerability. Overall, ART nanogels prepared from Poloxamer 407 showed the most desirable drug permeation, pH, swellability, spreadability, viscosity, and transdermal antiplasmodial properties superior to PAPP-ANG > C971P-ANG. A two-patch/week concurrent application of the studied nanogels could offer 100% cure of malaria as a lower-dose (50 mg ART) patient-friendly regimen devoid of the drug's many side effects.
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Erwin E, Etriwati E, Zamzami RS, Hosea CTP. Moist wound dressing and its application in distant skin flap in cats. Vet World 2021; 14:734-738. [PMID: 33935420 PMCID: PMC8076477 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.734-738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process that requires an appropriate environment to promote healing process. The healing of distant flaps in cats is determined by vascularization, nutrient sufficiency for the cells, and stability of skin flaps. This study aims to evaluate the healing of distant flaps treated with moist wound dressing through subjective and objective observation in five cats with wounds in the forelimb and hindlimb area to determine the time to cut the skin flaps from the donor site. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, five Indonesian local cats with wounds of various sizes in the limb were brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The sterile wound treatment included the administration of anesthesia, wound debridement, and distant flap closure in the thoracic and abdominal area. The distant flap and time to cut the skin flaps from the donor site were evaluated through subjective and objective examinations. RESULTS The subjective observation on the color of the distant skin flaps showed redness and response to pain on day 3 after surgery, whereas the objective observation, which was based on drug absorption capability and drug effect showed good results. On day 7 after surgery, the skin flaps from the donor site were cut and showed good progress. CONCLUSION Overall, moist dressing helps in stabilizing the distant flap, allowing the distant flaps from the donor site to be cut on day 7 after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Erwin
- Laboratory of Clinic and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Etriwati Etriwati
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Rumi Sahara Zamzami
- Laboratory of Clinic and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Cindy Trie Permatasari Hosea
- Program Study of Veterinary Professional, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Miranda GM, Santos VORE, Bessa JR, Teles YCF, Yahouédéhou SCMA, Goncalves MS, Ribeiro-Filho J. Inclusion Complexes of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs with Cyclodextrins: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030361. [PMID: 33673414 PMCID: PMC7996898 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most widely used classes of medicines in the treatment of inflammation, fever, and pain. However, evidence has demonstrated that these drugs can induce significant toxicity. In the search for innovative strategies to overcome NSAID-related problems, the incorporation of drugs into cyclodextrins (CDs) has demonstrated promising results. This study aims to review the impact of cyclodextrin incorporation on the biopharmaceutical and pharmacological properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A systematic search for papers published between 2010 and 2020 was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and the following search terms: “Complexation”; AND “Cyclodextrin”; AND “non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug”. A total of 24 different NSAIDs, 12 types of CDs, and 60 distinct inclusion complexes were identified, with meloxicam and β-CD appearing in most studies. The results of the present review suggest that CDs are drug delivery systems capable of improving the pharmacological and biopharmaceutical properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Marinho Miranda
- Laboratory of Investigation in Genetics and Translational Hematology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil; (G.M.M.); (V.O.R.eS.); (S.C.M.A.Y.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Vitória Ohana Ramos e Santos
- Laboratory of Investigation in Genetics and Translational Hematology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil; (G.M.M.); (V.O.R.eS.); (S.C.M.A.Y.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Jonatas Reis Bessa
- Institute of Psychology (IPS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA 40170-055, Brazil;
| | - Yanna C. F. Teles
- Agrarian Sciences Center (CCA), Department of Chemistry and Physics (DQF), Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Areia, PB 58397-000, Brazil;
| | - Setondji Cocou Modeste Alexandre Yahouédéhou
- Laboratory of Investigation in Genetics and Translational Hematology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil; (G.M.M.); (V.O.R.eS.); (S.C.M.A.Y.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Marilda Souza Goncalves
- Laboratory of Investigation in Genetics and Translational Hematology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil; (G.M.M.); (V.O.R.eS.); (S.C.M.A.Y.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Genetics and Translational Hematology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil; (G.M.M.); (V.O.R.eS.); (S.C.M.A.Y.); (M.S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-71-3126-2226
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Atanasova D, Staneva D, Grabchev I. Textile Materials Modified with Stimuli-Responsive Drug Carrier for Skin Topical and Transdermal Delivery. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040930. [PMID: 33669245 PMCID: PMC7919809 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Textile materials, as a suitable matrix for different active substances facilitating their gradual release, can have an important role in skin topical or transdermal therapy. Characterized by compositional and structural variety, those materials readily meet the requirements for applications in specific therapies. Aromatherapy, antimicrobial substances and painkillers, hormone therapy, psoriasis treatment, atopic dermatitis, melanoma, etc., are some of the areas where textiles can be used as carriers. There are versatile optional methods for loading the biologically active substances onto textile materials. The oldest ones are by exhaustion, spraying, and a pad-dry-cure method. Another widespread method is the microencapsulation. The modification of textile materials with stimuli-responsive polymers is a perspective route to obtaining new textiles of improved multifunctional properties and intelligent response. In recent years, research has focused on new structures such as dendrimers, polymer micelles, liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, and hydrogels. Numerous functional groups and the ability to encapsulate different substances define dendrimer molecules as promising carriers for drug delivery. Hydrogels are also high molecular hydrophilic structures that can be used to modify textile material. They absorb a large amount of water or biological fluids and can support the delivery of medicines. These characteristics correspond to one of the current trends in the development of materials used in transdermal therapy, namely production of intelligent materials, i.e., such that allow controlled concentration and time delivery of the active substance and simultaneous visualization of the process, which can only be achieved with appropriate and purposeful modification of the textile material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Atanasova
- Department of Textile and Leathers, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Desislava Staneva
- Department of Textile and Leathers, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-2-8163266
| | - Ivo Grabchev
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Transdermal delivery of second-generation antipsychotics for management of schizophrenia; disease overview, conventional and nanobased drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Transdermal electroosmotic flow generated by a porous microneedle array patch. Nat Commun 2021; 12:658. [PMID: 33510169 PMCID: PMC7843990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A microneedle array is an attractive option for a minimally invasive means to break through the skin barrier for efficient transdermal drug delivery. Here, we report the applications of solid polymer-based ion-conductive porous microneedles (PMN) containing interconnected micropores for improving iontophoresis, which is a technique of enhancing transdermal molecular transport by a direct current through the skin. The PMN modified with a charged hydrogel brings three innovative advantages in iontophoresis at once: (1) lowering the transdermal resistance by low-invasive puncture of the highly resistive stratum corneum, (2) transporting of larger molecules through the interconnected micropores, and (3) generating electroosmotic flow (EOF). In particular, the PMN-generated EOF greatly enhances the transdermal molecular penetration or extraction, similarly to the flow induced by external pressure. The enhanced efficiencies of the EOF-assisted delivery of a model drug (dextran) and of the extraction of glucose are demonstrated using a pig skin sample. Furthermore, the powering of the PMN-based transdermal EOF system by a built-in enzymatic biobattery (fructose / O2 battery) is also demonstrated as a possible totally organic iontophoresis patch.
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76
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Enhancement strategies for transdermal drug delivery systems: current trends and applications. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:758-791. [PMID: 33474709 PMCID: PMC7817074 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems have become an intriguing research topic in pharmaceutical technology area and one of the most frequently developed pharmaceutical products in global market. The use of these systems can overcome associated drawbacks of other delivery routes, such as oral and parenteral. The authors will review current trends, and future applications of transdermal technologies, with specific focus on providing a comprehensive understanding of transdermal drug delivery systems and enhancement strategies. This article will initially discuss each transdermal enhancement method used in the development of first-generation transdermal products. These methods include drug/vehicle interactions, vesicles and particles, stratum corneum modification, energy-driven methods and stratum corneum bypassing techniques. Through suitable design and implementation of active stratum corneum bypassing methods, notably microneedle technology, transdermal delivery systems have been shown to deliver both low and high molecular weight drugs. Microneedle technology platforms have proven themselves to be more versatile than other transdermal systems with opportunities for intradermal delivery of drugs/biotherapeutics and therapeutic drug monitoring. These have shown that microneedles have been a prospective strategy for improving transdermal delivery systems.
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Ibrahim NA, Abdel Raoof NA, Mosaad DM, Abu el kasem ST. Effect of magnesium sulfate iontophoresis on myofascial trigger points in the upper fibres of the trapezius. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 16:369-378. [PMID: 34140864 PMCID: PMC8178646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the immediate and post-treatment effect of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) iontophoresis on myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the upper fibres of the trapezius muscle. Method Sixty participants (41 women and 19 men, aged 19–24 years) with active MTrPs on the dominant upper fibres of trapezius were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into 2 equivalent groups: the intervention and the control group. The intervention group (iontophoresis group; n = 30) was treated with MgSO4 iontophoresis on the upper fibres of the trapezius twice a week for four weeks, and the control group (direct current group; n = 30) received direct current (without medication) in the upper fibres of the trapezius twice a week for four weeks. The outcome measures were: pain intensity, pain threshold, neck range of motion, and neck function The participants were assessed before treatment, immediately after the first session, and finally after treatment. Results The differences within and between groups were measured using a mixed design, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The within- and between-group analysis of all outcome measures in both groups revealed significant differences in favour of the intervention group (p < 0.05). Conclusion MgSO4 iontophoresis is effective in improving pain level, neck ROM, and neck function immediately after the first session and causes more significant improvement after treatment in subjects with active MTrPs on the dominant upper fiber of trapezius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran A. Ibrahim
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt
- Corresponding address: El-Tahrir st. - infront of Ben El- Sarayat Traffic - Dokki - Giza, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, 11432, Egypt.
| | | | - Dalia M. Mosaad
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt
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78
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Mustfa SA, Maurizi E, McGrath J, Chiappini C. Nanomedicine Approaches to Negotiate Local Biobarriers for Topical Drug Delivery. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ahmad Mustfa
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology King's College London London SE1 9RT UK
| | - Eleonora Maurizi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Università di Parma Parma 43121 Italy
| | - John McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology King's College London London SE1 9RT UK
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology King's College London London SE1 9RT UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology King's College London London WC2R 2LS UK
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79
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Nair RS, Billa N, Leong CO, Morris AP. An evaluation of tocotrienol ethosomes for transdermal delivery using Strat-M ® membrane and excised human skin. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 26:243-251. [PMID: 33274672 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1860087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tocotrienol (TRF) ethosomes were developed and evaluated in vitro for potential transdermal delivery against melanoma. The optimised TRF ethosomal size ranged between 64.9 ± 2.2 nm to 79.6 ± 3.9 nm and zeta potential (ZP) between -53.3 mV to -62.0 ± 2.6 mV. Characterisation of the ethosomes by ATR-FTIR indicated the successful formation of TRF-ethosomes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated the spherical shape of ethosomes, and the entrapment efficiencies of all the formulations were above 66%. In vitro permeation studies using full-thickness human skin showed that the permeation of gamma-T3 from the TRF ethosomal formulations was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than from the control. The cumulative amount of gamma-T3 permeated from TRF ethosome after 48 hours was 1.03 ± 0.24 µg cm-2 with a flux of 0.03 ± 0.01 µg cm-2 h-1. Furthermore, the flux of gamma-T3 across the Strat-M ® and the epidermal membrane was significantly higher than that across full-thickness human skin (p < 0.05). In vitro cytotoxicity studies on HaCat cells showed significantly higher cell viability than the pure drug solution (p < 0.05). The enhanced skin permeation and high cell viability associated with this formulation suggest a promising carrier for transdermal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sreedharan Nair
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia.,School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Nashiru Billa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia.,College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Andrew P Morris
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia.,Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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80
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Nigro F, Cerqueira Pinto CDS, dos Santos EP, Mansur CRE. Niosome-based hydrogel as a potential drug delivery system for topical and transdermal applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1848833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Nigro
- Institute of Macromolecules "Professora Eloisa Mano"/Laboratory of Macromolecules and Colloids in the Oil Industry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia Regina Elias Mansur
- Institute of Macromolecules "Professora Eloisa Mano"/Laboratory of Macromolecules and Colloids in the Oil Industry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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81
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Alginate-pluronic topical gels loaded with thymol, norfloxacin and ZnO nanoparticles as potential wound dressings. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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82
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Tejaswini T, Keerthana M, Vidyavathi M, Kumar RVS. Design and evaluation of atorvastatin-loaded chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite bioscaffolds for wound-healing activity. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The study aimed at the formulation of atorvastatin-loaded chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite bioscaffolds and determination of its wound-healing activity on animals. Hydroxyapatite was prepared from the biowaste eggshell cross-linked with calcium chloride and loaded with atorvastatin. The prepared bioscaffold was characterized for physicomechanical properties, morphological studies, differential scanning calorimetry, and in vitro drug release study. In vitro antibacterial activity was determined using the agar diffusion method, and in vivo wound-healing activity was evaluated using the excision wound-healing model.
Results
Results exhibited that bioscaffold containing 1:1 ratio of chitosan to hydroxyapatite (Hac1) with calcium chloride of 1.5 g (Hbc3) and loaded with atorvastatin (Hcc3) showed effective physicomechanical properties, i.e., thickness (60 μm), swelling behavior (68%), folding endurance (101), tensile strength (0.0283 Mpa), and burst time (1.9 s). Hcc3 scaffold was highly effective and exhibited the highest zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis (3.2 cm), Staphylococcus aureus (3.0 cm), Escherichia coli (3.5 cm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.7 cm). The group treated with Hcc3 scaffold was significant in healing wounds by showing 100% wound contraction.
Conclusion
It can be concluded from the study that atorvastatin-loaded chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite bioscaffolds may be a significantly more effective scaffold in healing excision wounds.
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83
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Kubota K, Okasaka M, Kano A, Takata S. The involvement of protein denaturing activity in the effect of surfactants on skin barrier function. Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:241-248. [PMID: 33189099 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Detailed information on the mechanism by which surfactants affect the skin barrier function is still scarce. We investigated the contribution of protein denaturation to the effect of surfactants on barrier function. METHODS The Transmission Index method, which evaluates the actual effect of surfactants on barrier function, was combined with a microplate assay measuring protein denaturation activity. The correlation between the TI value and the reciprocal of the median effect concentration (1/EC50) was analyzed for 19 surfactants. The contribution of protein denaturation to the effect of surfactants was discussed based on the 1/EC50 per TI value. RESULTS A few surfactants showed high TI value. Nonionic surfactants had no effect. The EC50 varied without certain trend. For amino acid-based surfactants, there was a gradual inverse correlation between the TI value and the 1/EC50. CONCLUSION The difference in the alkyl structure and the ion source affected the skin barrier function. Protein denaturing activity of the surfactant was not a critical factor. This suggests that the effect on intercellular lipids was the major factor. However, the magnitude of the contribution of protein denaturation activity varied depending on the surfactant, suggesting that each surfactant has a different mechanism of influence on skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kubota
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iryo Sosei University, Iwaki-City, Japan.,Department of Fashion and Beauty Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Osaka Shoin Women's University, Higashi-Osaka-City, Japan
| | - Mana Okasaka
- Department of Fashion and Beauty Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Osaka Shoin Women's University, Higashi-Osaka-City, Japan.,Division in Fashion and Beauty Studies, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka Shoin Women's University, Higashi-Osaka-City, Japan
| | - Asami Kano
- Department of Fashion and Beauty Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Osaka Shoin Women's University, Higashi-Osaka-City, Japan
| | - Sadaki Takata
- Department of Fashion and Beauty Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Osaka Shoin Women's University, Higashi-Osaka-City, Japan.,Division in Fashion and Beauty Studies, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka Shoin Women's University, Higashi-Osaka-City, Japan
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84
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Weber LA, Funtan A, Paschke R, Delarocque J, Kalbitz J, Meißner J, Feige K, Kietzmann M, Cavalleri JMV. In vitro assessment of triterpenoids NVX-207 and betulinyl-bis-sulfamate as a topical treatment for equine skin cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241448. [PMID: 33151949 PMCID: PMC7643960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine sarcoid (ES) is the most prevalent skin tumor in equids worldwide. Additionally, aging grey horses frequently suffer from equine malignant melanoma (EMM). Current local therapies targeting these skin tumors remain challenging. Therefore, more feasible topical treatment options should be considered. In order to develop a topical therapy against ES and EMM, betulinyl-bis-sulfamate and NVX-207, derivatives of the naturally occurring betulin and betulinic acid, respectively, were evaluated for their antiproliferative (crystal violet staining assay), cytotoxic (MTS assay) and apoptotic (AnnexinV staining, cell cycle investigations) effects on primary ES cells, EMM cells and equine dermal fibroblasts in vitro. The more potent derivative was assessed for its in vitro penetration and permeation on isolated equine skin within 30 min and 24 h using Franz-type diffusion cells and HPLC analysis. Betulinyl-bis-sulfamate and NVX-207 inhibited the proliferation and metabolism in ES cells, EMM cells and fibroblasts significantly (p < 0.001) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. NVX-207 had superior anticancer effects compared to betulinyl-bis-sulfamate. Both compounds led to the externalization of phosphatidylserines on the cell membrane and DNA fragmentation, demonstrating that the effective mode of action was apoptosis. After 48 h of treatment with NVX-207, the number of necrotic cells was less than 2% in all cell types. Detected amounts of NVX-207 in the different skin layers exceeded the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations calculated by far. Even though data obtained in vitro are auspicious, the results are not unconditionally applicable to the clinical situation. Consequently, in vivo studies are required to address the antitumoral effects of topically applied NVX-207 in ES and EMM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Annabel Weber
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Funtan
- Biozentrum, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Reinhard Paschke
- Biozentrum, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julien Delarocque
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Meißner
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karsten Feige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Kietzmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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85
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Mircevska A, Ivanoska T, Mutapcic L, Shalabalija D, Mihailova L, S. Crcarevska M, Trajchev M, Nakov D, Glavas Dodov M. Evaluation of the in vitro bee venom release and skin absorption from bioadhesive gel formulation. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2020. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2020.66.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mircevska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, UKIM-Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | - Tamara Ivanoska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, UKIM-Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | | | - Dushko Shalabalija
- Faculty of Pharmacy, UKIM-Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | - Ljubica Mihailova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, UKIM-Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | - Maja S. Crcarevska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, UKIM-Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | - Metodija Trajchev
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Food, UKIM- Skopje, Blvd. Aleksandar Makedonski bb, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | - Dimitar Nakov
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Food, UKIM- Skopje, Blvd. Aleksandar Makedonski bb, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | - Marija Glavas Dodov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, UKIM-Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
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86
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Supe S, Takudage P. Methods for evaluating penetration of drug into the skin: A review. Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:299-308. [PMID: 33095948 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin being the largest organ of the human body plays a very important role in the permeation and penetration of the drug. In addition, the transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) plays a major role in managing dermal infections and attaining sustained plasma drug concentration. Thus, evaluation of percutaneous penetration of the drug through the skin is important in developing TDDS for human use. MATERIAL AND METHODS Various techniques are used for getting the desired drug penetration, permeation, and absorption through the skin in managing these dermal disorders. The development of novel pharmaceutical dosage forms for dermal use is much explored in the current era. However, it is very important to evaluate these methods to determine the bioequivalence and risk of these topically applied drugs, which ultimately penetrate and are absorbed through the skin. RESULTS Currently, numerous skin permeation models are being developed and persuasively used in studying dermatopharmacokinetic (DPK) profile and various models have been developed, to evaluate the TDD which include ex vivo human skin, ex vivo animal skin, and artificial or reconstructed skin models. CONCLUSION This review discusses the general physiology of the skin, the physiochemical characteristics affecting particle penetration, understand the models used for human skin permeation studies and understanding their advantages, and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Supe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Chemical technology, Mumbai, India
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87
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Ultrasound-Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection for Determining UV Filters in Cosmetics and the Human Stratum Corneum. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204642. [PMID: 33053784 PMCID: PMC7587185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the amounts of common chemical ultraviolet (UV) filters (i.e., avobenzone, bemotrizinol, ethylhexyl triazone, octocrylene, and octyl methoxycinnamate) in cosmetics and the human stratum corneum. An ultrasound–vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (US–VA–DLLME) method with a high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector was used to analyze UV filters. A bio-derived solvent (i.e., anisole) was used as the extractant in the US–VA–DLLME procedure, along with methanol as the dispersant, a vortexing time of 4 min, and ultrasonication for 3 min. The mass-transfer rate of the extraction process was enhanced due to vortex-ultrasound combination. Various C18 end-capped columns were used to investigate the separation characteristics of the UV filters, with XBridge BEH or CORTECS selected as the separation column. Calibration curves were constructed in the 0.05–5 μg/mL (all filters except octocrylene) and 0.1–10 μg/mL (octocrylene) ranges, and excellent analytical linearities with coefficients of determination (r2) above 0.998. The developed method was successfully used to analyze sunscreen. Moreover, experiments were designed to simulate the sunscreen-usage habits of consumers, and the cup method was used to extract UV filters from the human stratum corneum. The results suggest that a makeup remover should be employed to remove water-in-oil sunscreens from skin.
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88
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Kulkarni M, Potdar S, Date AA, Marfatiya A. In Vitro Release Testing of Acyclovir Topical Formulations Using Immersion Cells. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020; 19:75-84. [PMID: 33035072 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2020.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to reinforce the applicability of the immersion cells for the in vitro release testing (IVRT) of topical formulations by using marketed acyclovir 5% cream formulation (Cream 1) as a model. The method employing the immersion cells was optimized by studying the effect of variables, such as membrane type, media temperature and volume, agitation speed, and cell size, on acyclovir release from the formulation. The in-house formulation similar to the qualitative and quantitative composition of Cream 1 and the other trial formulations with variable compositions were prepared and studied by using the immersion cells. Various other brands of acyclovir topical formulations available in the Indian market were also subjected to IVRT by using the optimized method. An increase in the media temperature from 32°C to 37°C and the stirring speed from 50 to 100 to 150 rpm led to an increase in the drug release. As the immersion cell size increased (0.5, 2 and 4 cm2 surface area), the release rate also increased. Nitrocellulose membrane showed the highest drug release and Fluoropore™ the least. The optimized IVRT method could establish the differences in the drug release rates among the formulations with the altered compositions. The method could also prove its discriminatory potential for various marketed formulations. The immersion cell method could serve as a simpler, facile, and reliable aid during product development and also as a quality control tool in assessing stability, aging, and batch-to-batch uniformity of semisolid formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shree Chanakya Education Society's Indira College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Shrikant Potdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shree Chanakya Education Society's Indira College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Abhijit A Date
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, USA
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Alex A, Chaney EJ, Žurauskas M, Criley JM, Spillman DR, Hutchison PB, Li J, Marjanovic M, Frey S, Arp Z, Boppart SA. In vivo characterization of minipig skin as a model for dermatological research using multiphoton microscopy. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:953-960. [PMID: 33311854 PMCID: PMC7725480 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Minipig skin is one of the most widely used non-rodent animal skin models for dermatological research. A thorough characterization of minipig skin is essential for gaining deeper understanding of its structural and functional similarities with human skin. In this study, three-dimensional (3-D) in vivo images of minipig skin was obtained non-invasively using a multimodal optical imaging system capable of acquiring two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) images simultaneously. The images of the structural features of different layers of the minipig skin were qualitatively and quantitatively compared with those of human skin. Label-free imaging of skin was possible due to the endogenous fluorescence and optical properties of various components in the skin such as keratin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H), melanin, elastin, and collagen. This study demonstrates the capability of optical biopsy techniques, such as TPEF and FLIM, for in vivo non-invasive characterization of cellular and functional features of minipig skin, and the optical image-based similarities of this commonly utilized model of human skin. These optical imaging techniques have the potential to become promising tools in dermatological research for developing a better understanding of animal skin models, and for aiding in translational pre-clinical to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Alex
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- GSK, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mantas Žurauskas
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Criley
- Division of Animal Resources, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Phaedra B. Hutchison
- Division of Animal Resources, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joanne Li
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen A. Boppart
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Opatha SAT, Titapiwatanakun V, Chutoprapat R. Transfersomes: A Promising Nanoencapsulation Technique for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E855. [PMID: 32916782 PMCID: PMC7559928 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal delivery systems have gained much interest in recent years owing to their advantages compared to conventional oral and parenteral delivery systems. They are noninvasive and self-administered delivery systems that can improve patient compliance and provide a controlled release of the therapeutic agents. The greatest challenge of transdermal delivery systems is the barrier function of the skin's outermost layer. Molecules with molecular weights greater than 500 Da and ionized compounds generally do not pass through the skin. Therefore, only a limited number of drugs are capable of being administered by this route. Encapsulating the drugs in transfersomes are one of the potential approaches to overcome this problem. They have a bilayered structure that facilitates the encapsulation of lipophilic and hydrophilic, as well as amphiphilic, drug with higher permeation efficiencies compared to conventional liposomes. Transfersomes are elastic in nature, which can deform and squeeze themselves as an intact vesicle through narrow pores that are significantly smaller than its size. This review aims to describe the concept of transfersomes, the mechanism of action, different methods of preparation and characterization and factors affecting the properties of transfersomes, along with their recent applications in the transdermal administration of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Romchat Chutoprapat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.A.T.O.); (V.T.)
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91
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Weber LA, Puff C, Kalbitz J, Kietzmann M, Feige K, Bosse K, Rohn K, Cavalleri JMV. Concentration profiles and safety of topically applied betulinic acid and NVX-207 in eight healthy horses-A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:47-57. [PMID: 32845519 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring betulinic acid (BA) and its derivative NVX-207 show anticancer effects against equine malignant melanoma (EMM) cells and a potent permeation in isolated equine skin in vitro. The aim of the study was to determine the in vivo concentration profiles of BA and NVX-207 in equine skin and assess the compounds' local and systemic tolerability with the intent of developing a topical therapy against EMM. Eight horses were treated percutaneously in a crossover design with 1% BA, 1% NVX-207 or a placebo in a respective vehicle twice a day for seven consecutive days with a seven-day washout period between each formulation. Horses were treated at the neck and underneath the tail. Concentration profiles of the compounds were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography in the cervical skin. Clinical and histopathological examinations and blood analyses were performed. Higher concentrations of NVX-207 were found in the skin compared to BA. Good systemic tolerability and only mild local adverse effects were observed in all three groups. This study substantiates the topical application of BA and NVX-207 in further clinical trials with horses suffering from EMM; however, penetration and permeation of the compounds may be altered in skin affected by tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Weber
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Kietzmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karsten Feige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Karl Rohn
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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92
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Novel In Vitro Investigational Methods for Modeling Skin Permeation: Skin PAMPA, Raman Mapping. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090803. [PMID: 32854296 PMCID: PMC7559371 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human skin is marked as a standard by the regulatory agencies in the permeation study of dermal formulations. Artificial membranes can substitute human skin to some extent. Academicians and pharmaceutical corporations are focusing their efforts on developing standardized protocols and safe, reliable options to substitute human skin for carrying out permeability studies. Our research aim was to study the applicability of new techniques in the case of different types of dermal formulations. The skin parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) method and Raman mapping were compared to the gold-standard Franz cell method. A hydrogel and two types of creams were investigated as the most generally used dermal preparations. The values of the diffused drug were closer to each other in PAMPA and Franz cell measurement. The diffused amount of drug showed the same order for the different formulations. These results correlate well with the results of Raman mapping. Our conclusions suggest that all early screening examinations can be performed with model tools such as skin PAMPA supplemented with methods like Raman mapping as a semi-quantitative method.
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93
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3D In Vitro Human Organ Mimicry Devices for Drug Discovery, Development, and Assessment. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6187048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have shown significant advancement as complex in vitro humanized systems have substituted animal trials and 2D in vitro studies. 3D humanized platforms mimic the organs of interest with their stimulations (physical, electrical, chemical, and mechanical). Organ-on-chip devices, including in vitro modelling of 3D organoids, 3D microfabrication, and 3D bioprinted platforms, play an essential role in drug discovery, testing, and assessment. In this article, a thorough review is provided of the latest advancements in the area of organ-on-chip devices targeting liver, kidney, lung, gut, heart, skin, and brain mimicry devices for drug discovery, development, and/or assessment. The current strategies, fabrication methods, and the specific application of each device, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, are presented for each reported platform. This comprehensive review also provides some insights on the challenges and future perspectives for the further advancement of each organ-on-chip device.
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94
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Campos WF, Silva EC, Oliveira TJ, Oliveira JM, Tubino M, Pereira C, Vila MM, Balcão VM. Transdermal permeation of bacteriophage particles by choline oleate: potential for treatment of soft-tissue infections. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:881-896. [PMID: 32716215 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: A sodium alginate-based biohydrogel was prepared integrating choline oleate deep euthetic solvent as facilitator of transdermal delivery and a cocktail of lytic bacteriophages for Acinetobacter baumannii, aiming at treating soft-tissue infections by the aforementioned pathogen. Materials & methods: Two bacteriophages were isolated from a hospital sewage and a wastewater treatment plant sewage in Sorocaba (Brazil), and characterized via SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, transmission electron microscope and evaluation of lytic spectra of the bacteriophage cocktail. The biohydrogel was prepared and characterized by DSC, FTIR, XRD, DESEM, XRT and transdermal permeation of the bacteriophage cocktail. Results & conclusion: The physico-chemical characterization of the biohydrogel produce indicated adequate structural characteristics and ability to promote/facilitate transdermal delivery of bacteriophage particles, thus showing potential for biopharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welida F Campos
- PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms & Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Erica C Silva
- PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms & Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Thais J Oliveira
- PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms & Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - José M Oliveira
- PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms & Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Matthieu Tubino
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Pereira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta Mdc Vila
- PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms & Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Victor M Balcão
- PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms & Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba/SP, Brazil.,Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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95
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Kampa N, Jitpean S, Seesupa S, Hoisang S. Penetration depth study of 830 nm low-intensity laser therapy on living dog tissue. Vet World 2020; 13:1417-1422. [PMID: 32848319 PMCID: PMC7429387 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1417-1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Recent studies have shown that low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) enhances chronic wound healing, reduces pain, reduces inflammation, and improves post-operative rehabilitation. However, clinical outcomes in the veterinary use of LILT vary between different experimental studies. This is explained by improper laser parameter settings and limits of its penetration depth. This study aimed to investigate the penetration depth of 830 nm LILT on living dog tissue in different operating modes. This entailed continuous wave (CW) versus pulse wave (PW) and with contact versus non-contact techniques of the laser probe at different tissue-laser probe distances. The results can be applied for use in clinical practice. Materials and Methods Twenty-four dogs that had undergone abdominal surgery were included in this study. The laser parameters were set at 200 mW, fluence of 4 J/cm2 and the laser power output denoted as mean output power (MOP) was measured by a power meter. Results The MOP of the 830 nm CW laser was significantly higher than the PW laser (p<0.05). The MOP of the contact technique was significantly greater than that of the non-contact technique in both CW and PW modes (p<0.05). The MOP through the skin tissue was between 16.09 and 18.60 mW (8.05-9.30%) for the contact technique and 8.73 and 19.36 mW (4.37-9.68%) for the non-contact technique. In the muscle-skin layer, the MOP was between 0.50 and 1.56 mW (0.25-0.78%) and the MOP was not detected using the non-contact technique with a 5 cm tissue-laser probe distance. Conclusion Our study indicates that 830 nm LILT (with laser parameter setting at 200 mW, fluence of 4 J/cm2 for both contact and non-contact techniques, and tissue-laser probe distance up to 5 cm) was appropriate for treatments within 14 mm of depth. However, the use of 830 nm LILT for an application in which the target tissue is deeper than 14 mm may limit its positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruepon Kampa
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Supranee Jitpean
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Suvalak Seesupa
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Somphong Hoisang
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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96
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Umar AK, Butarbutar M, Sriwidodo S, Wathoni N. Film-Forming Sprays for Topical Drug Delivery. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2909-2925. [PMID: 32884234 PMCID: PMC7434377 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s256666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Film-forming sprays offer many advantages compared to conventional topical preparations because they can provide uniform drug distribution and dose, increased bioavailability, lower incidence of irritation, continuous drug release, and accelerated wound healing through moisture control. Film-forming sprays consist of polymers and excipients that improve the characteristics of preparations and enhance the stability of active substances. Each type of polymer and excipient will produce films with different features. Therefore, the various types of polymers and excipients and their evaluation standards need to be examined for the development of a more optimal form of film-forming spray. The selected literature included research on polymers as film-forming matrices and the application of these sprays for medical purposes or for potential medical use. This article discusses the types and concentrations of polymers and excipients, sprayer types, evaluations, and critical parameters in determining the sprayability and film characteristics. The review concludes that both natural and synthetic polymers that have in situ film or viscoelastic properties can be used to optimise topical drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Kakhar Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Maria Butarbutar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
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97
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Feizpour A, Marstrand T, Bastholm L, Eirefelt S, Evans CL. Label-Free Quantification of Pharmacokinetics in Skin with Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy and Deep Learning. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:395-403. [PMID: 32710899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of inflammatory skin conditions relies on a deep understanding of how drugs and tissue behave and interact. Although numerous methods have been developed that aim to follow and quantify topical drug pharmacokinetics, these tools can come with limitations, assumptions, and trade-offs that do not allow for real-time tracking of drug flow and flux on the cellular level in situ. We have developed a quantitative imaging toolkit that makes use of stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and deep learning-based computational image analysis to quantify the uptake of specific drug molecules in skin without the need for labels. Analysis powered by trained convolutional neural networks precisely identified features such as cells, cell junctions, and cell types within skin to enable multifactorial analysis of skin pharmacokinetics. We imaged and quantified the flow and flux of small molecule drugs through the layers and structures of ex vivo nude mouse ear skin and extracted pharmacokinetic parameters through convolutional neural network-based image processing, including relative area under the curve accumulation, time of maximum drug concentration, and in situ partition ratios. This approach, which facilitates the direct observation and quantification of pharmacokinetics, can be used to glean mechanistic insight into underlying phenomena in skin pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Feizpour
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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98
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Chacko IA, Ghate VM, Dsouza L, Lewis SA. Lipid vesicles: A versatile drug delivery platform for dermal and transdermal applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 195:111262. [PMID: 32736123 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Topical and transdermal application of active pharmaceutical ingredients to the skin is an attractive strategy being explored by formulation scientists to treat disease conditions rather than the oral drug delivery. Several approaches have been attempted, and many of them have emerged with significant clinical potential. However, the delivery of drugs across the skin is an arduous task due to permeation limiting barriers. It, therefore, requires the aid of external agents or carrier systems for efficient permeation. Lipid-based vesicular systems are carriers for the transport of drugs through the stratum corneum (dermal drug delivery) and into the bloodstream for systemic action (transdermal drug delivery) overcoming the barrier properties. This review article describes the various vesicular systems reported for skin delivery of actives with relevant case studies. The vesicular systems presented here are in the order of their advent from conventional systems to the advanced lipid vesicles. The design and development of drugs in vesicular systems have brought a new dimension to the treatment of disease conditions overcoming the permeation limiting barriers, thus improving its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indhu A Chacko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vivek M Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Leonna Dsouza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shaila A Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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99
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Salatin S, Jelvehgari M. Desirability function approach for development of a thermosensitive and bioadhesive nanotransfersome-hydrogel hybrid system for enhanced skin bioavailability and antibacterial activity of cephalexin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1318-1333. [PMID: 32598186 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1788068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellulitis is a common bacterial infection of the skin and soft tissues immediately beneath the skin. Despite the successful use of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases, bacterial infections continue to impose significant global health challenges because of the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this work was to develop an in situ hydrogel forming system containing highly permeable cephalexin-loaded nanotransfersomes (NTs), suitable for antibacterial drug delivery. Response surface design was applied for the optimization of NTs. Cephalexin NTs were prepared using thin-film hydration method and then embedded into a 3D hydrogel network. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the optimized NTs was assayed against indicator bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The drug permeation was evaluated using an ex vivo rat skin model. The in vivo efficacy of the cephalexin NT hydrogel was also determined against rat skin infection. The resulting data verified the formation of NTs, the size of which was approximately 192 nm. The cephalexin NTs exhibited higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus as compared to the untreated drug. The NT hydrogel improved drug penetration through the skin after 8 h. When applied on the rat skin for 10 days, the cephalexin NT hydrogel exhibited superior antibacterial activity with normal hair growth and skin appearance as compared with the plain drug hydrogel. These findings suggest that the cephalexin NT-hydrogel system can serve as a valuable drug delivery platform against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salatin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mitra Jelvehgari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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100
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Matos C, Lobão P. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Loaded Liposomes for Topical Treatment of Inflammatory and Degenerative Conditions. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3809-3829. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190227233321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Topical administration of drugs presents some advantages over other routes; the drug can be
administered in the anatomical region to be treated, limiting the systemic distribution and side effects.
However, the structure of the skin makes it a highly effective barrier to drug permeation. Amongst the
strategies to overcome this obstacle, liposomes are interesting vehicles for delivering the drugs into the
skin, the synovial cavity or other regions affected by inflammatory or degenerative conditions.
Liposomes are lipid carriers of nanometric size formed by phospholipid bilayers. They have the advantages
of preparation feasibility and biological compatibility associated with the possibility of carrying
either lipophylic and/or hydrophylic compounds, and have been extensively used in various drug delivery
systems, for drug targeting, controlled release and permeation enhancement of drugs. Conventional
liposomes are not very stable and not suitable for dermal administration after topical application, since
they accumulate on the skin surface due to the rigidity of the lipid layers and suffer dehydration, culminating
in their fragmentation. Other formulations have emerged in the meantime, such as transfersomes,
niosomes or ethosomes. The present work consists of a review on the published scientific papers regarding
the development of liposomal formulations containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the
purpose of relieving the symptomatology of inflammatory and degenerative ailments. The exposition
summarizes data relating to liposome type, composition, preparation method, liposome characterization,
topical vehicle used, in vitro permeation studies performed, in vivo anti-inflammatory assays carried out
and results obtained in the different studies published in the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Matos
- FP-ENAS-UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit/CEBIMED-Centro de Estudos em Biomedicina, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Lobão
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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