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Lindemann CH, Wenzel A, Erger F, Middelmann L, Borde J, Hahnen E, Krauß D, Oehm S, Arjune S, Todorova P, Burgmaier K, Liebau MC, Grundmann F, Beck BB, Müller RU. A Low-Cost Sequencing Platform for Rapid Genotyping in ADPKD and its Impact on Clinical Care. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:455-466. [PMID: 36938073 PMCID: PMC10014381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic cause of kidney failure. Because of the heterogeneity in disease progression in ADPKD, parameters predicting future outcome are important. The disease-causing genetic variant is one of these parameters. Methods A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based panel (MPP) was established for analysis of 6 polycystic kidney disease (PKD) genes (PKD1, PKD2, HNF1B, GANAB, DZIP1L, and PKHD1) in 441 patients with ADPKD. Selected patients were additionally sequenced using Sanger sequencing or a custom enrichment-based gene panel. Results were combined with clinical characteristics to assess the impact of genetic data on clinical decision-making. Variants of unclear significance (VUS) were considered diagnostic based on a classic ADPKD clinical phenotype. Results Using the MPP, disease-causing variants were detected in 65.3% of patients. Sanger sequencing and the custom gene panel in 32 patients who were MPP-negative revealed 20 variants missed by MPP, (estimated overall false negative rate 24.6%, false-positive rate 9.4%). Combining clinical and genetic data revealed that knowledge of the genotype could have impacted the treatment decision in 8.2% of patients with a molecular genetic diagnosis. Sequencing only the PKD1 pseudogene homologous region in MPP-negative patients resulted in an acceptable false-negative rate of 3.28%. Conclusion The MPP yields rapid genotype information at lower costs and allows for simple extension of the panel for new disease genes. Additional sequencing of the PKD1 pseudogene homologous region is required in negative cases. Access to genotype information even in settings with limited resources is important to allow for optimal patient counseling in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Heinrich Lindemann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Wenzel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Erger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea Middelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julika Borde
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Denise Krauß
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Oehm
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sita Arjune
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Polina Todorova
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Burgmaier
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Applied Healthcare Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Max Christoph Liebau
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Family Health, Center for Rare Diseases Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Grundmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bodo B. Beck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Bodo Beck, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Street 34, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: Roman Ulrich Mueller, Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Street 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany.
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Raina R, Lomanta F, Singh S, Anand A, Kalra R, Enukonda V, Barat O, Pandher D, Sethi SK. Cystic Diseases of the Kidneys: From Bench to Bedside. Indian J Nephrol 2023; 33:83-92. [PMID: 37234435 PMCID: PMC10208543 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_318_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploration into the causes of hereditary renal cystic diseases demonstrates a deep-rooted connection with the proteomic components of the cellular organelle cilia. Cilia are essential to the signaling cascades, and their dysfunction has been tied to a range of renal cystic diseases initiating with studies on the oak ridge polycystic kidney (ORPK) mouse model. Here, we delve into renal cystic pathologies that have been tied with ciliary proteosome and highlight the genetics associated with each. The pathologies are grouped based on the mode of inheritance, where inherited causes that result in cystic kidney disease phenotypes include autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, nephronophthisis (Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Joubert Syndrome), and autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease. Alternatively, phakomatoses-, also known as neurocutaneous syndromes, associated cystic kidney diseases include tuberous sclerosis (TS) and Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Additionally, we group the pathologies by the mode of inheritance to discuss variations in recommendations for genetic testing for biological relatives of a diagnosed individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Raina
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, USA
| | - Francis Lomanta
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, USA
| | - Siddhartha Singh
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, USA
| | - Alisha Anand
- Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Riti Kalra
- College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vignasiddh Enukonda
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, USA
| | - Oren Barat
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, USA
| | - Davinder Pandher
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, USA
| | - Sidharth K Sethi
- Kidney and Renal Transplant Institute, Medanta, The Medicity Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Ali H, Naim M, Senum SR, AlSahow A, Bahbahani Y, Abu-Farha M, Abubaker J, Mohammad A, Al-Hunayan A, Asbeutah AM, Zayed M, Devarajan S, Hussain N, John SE, Channanath A, Thanaraj TA, Al-Ali M, AlMousawi M, Al-Mulla F, Harris PC. The genetic landscape of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Kuwait. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:355-366. [PMID: 36755831 PMCID: PMC9900584 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common renal monogenic disease, characterized by bilateral accumulation of renal fluid-filled cysts leading to progressive renal volume enlargement and gradual impairment of kidney function, often resulting in end-stage renal disease. Kuwait could provide valuable genetic insights about ADPKD, including intrafamilial phenotypic variation, given its large household size. This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of the pathogenic variants linked to ADPKD in the Kuwaiti population using multiple genetic analysis modalities and to describe and analyse the ADPKD phenotypic spectrum in terms of kidney function, kidney volume and renal survival. Methods A total of 126 ADPKD patients from 11 multiplex families and 25 singletons were recruited into the study. A combination of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS), long-range polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were utilized for genetic diagnosis. Clinical evaluation was conducted through renal function testing and ultrasonographic kidney volume analysis. Results We identified 29 ADPKD pathogenic mutations from 36 families achieving an overall molecular genetic diagnostic rate of 112/126 (88.9%), including 29/36 (80.6%) in families. A total of 28/36 (77.8%) families had pathogenic mutations in PKD1, of which 17/28 (60.7%) were truncating, and 1/36 (2.8%) had a pathogenic variant in the IFT140 gene. A total of 20/29 (69%) of the identified ADPKD mutations were novel and described for the first time, including a TSC2-PKD1 contiguous syndrome. Clinical analysis indicated that genetically unresolved ADPKD cases had no apparent association between kidney volume and age. Conclusion We describe for the first time the genetic landscape of ADPKD in Kuwait. The observed genetic heterogeneity underlining ADPKD along with the wide phenotypic spectrum reveal the level of complexity in disease pathophysiology. ADPKD genetic testing could improve the care of patients through improved disease prognostication, guided treatment and genetic counselling. However, to fulfil the potential of genetic testing, it is important to overcome the hurdle of genetically unresolved ADPKD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Medhat Naim
- Division of Nephrology, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Sarah R Senum
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ali AlSahow
- Division of Nephrology, Al-Jahra Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al-Jahra, Kuwait
| | - Yousif Bahbahani
- Division of Nephrology, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jabriya, Kuwait
- Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Anwar Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Adel Al-Hunayan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Akram M Asbeutah
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Zayed
- Department of Radiology, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Sriraman Devarajan
- National Dasman Diabetes Biobank, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Naser Hussain
- Division of Nephrology, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Sumi Elsa John
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Arshad Channanath
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | | | - Mohammad Al-Ali
- Next Generation Sequencing Laboratory, Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat, Kuwait
| | - Mustafa AlMousawi
- Department of Transplantation, Hamed Al Essa Organ Transplant Centre, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Tutal O, Gulhan B, Atayar E, Yuksel S, Ozcakar ZB, Soylemezoglu O, Saygili S, Caliskan S, Inozu M, Baskin E, Duzova A, Hayran M, Topaloglu R, Ozaltin F. The Clinical and Mutational Spectrum of 69 Turkish Children with Autosomal Recessive or Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 148:319-332. [PMID: 36657418 DOI: 10.1159/000528258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is associated with pathogenic variants in the PKHD1 gene. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is mainly associated with pathogenic variants in PKD1 or PKD2. The present study aimed to identify the clinical and genetic features of Turkish pediatric ARPKD and ADPKD patients. METHODS This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 21 genetically confirmed ARPKD and 48 genetically confirmed ADPKD patients from 7 pediatric nephrology centers. Demographic features, clinical, and laboratory findings at presentation and during 12-month intervals were recorded. RESULTS The median age of the ARPKD patients at diagnosis was lower than the median age of ADPKD patients (10.5 months [range: 0-15 years] vs. 5.2 years [range: 0.1-16 years], respectively, [p = 0.014]). At the time of diagnosis, the median eGFR in the ARPKD patients was lower compared to that of ADPKD patients (81.6 [IQR: 28.7-110.5] mL/min/1.73 m2 and 118 [IQR: 91.2-139.8] mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, [p = 0.0001]). In total, 11 (52.4%) ARPKD patients had malnutrition; 7 (33.3%) patients had growth retardation at presentation; and 4 (19%) patients had both malnutrition and growth retardation. At diagnosis, 8 (16.7%) of the ADPKD patients had malnutrition, and 5 (10.4%) patients had growth retardation. The malnutrition, growth retardation, and hypertension rates at diagnosis were higher in the ARPKD patients than the ADPKD patients (p = 0.002, p = 0.02, and p = 0.0001, respectively). ARPKD patients with malnutrition and growth retardation had worse renal survival compared to the patients without (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01). Similarly, ADPKD patients with malnutrition had worse renal survival compared to the patients without (p = 0.002). ARPKD patients with truncating variants had poorer 3- and 6-year renal outcome than those carrying non-truncating variants (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION Based on renal survival analysis, type of genetic variant, growth retardation, and/or malnutrition at presentation were observed to be factors associated with progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Differentiation of ARPKD and ADPKD, and identification of the predictors of the development of CKD are vital for optimal management of patients with ARPKD or ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozum Tutal
- Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Gulhan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Atayar
- Nephrogenetics Laboratory, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Yuksel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Z Birsin Ozcakar
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oguz Soylemezoglu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seha Saygili
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salim Caliskan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mihriban Inozu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara City Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Baskin
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Duzova
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Hayran
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rezan Topaloglu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozaltin
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Nephrogenetics Laboratory, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Song X, Leonhard WN, Kanhai AA, Steinberg GR, Pei Y, Peters DJM. Preclinical evaluation of tolvaptan and salsalate combination therapy in a Pkd1-mouse model. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1058825. [PMID: 36743216 PMCID: PMC9893022 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1058825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic disorder and an important cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Tolvaptan (a V2R antagonist) is the first disease modifier drug for treatment of ADPKD, but also causes severe polyuria. AMPK activators have been shown to attenuate cystic kidney disease. Methods: In this study, we tested the efficacy of the combined administration of salsalate (a direct AMPK activator) and tolvaptan using clinically relevant doses in an adult-onset conditional Pkd1 knock-out (KO) mouse model. Results: Compared to untreated Pkd1 mutant mice, the therapeutic effects of salsalate were similar to that of tolvaptan. The combined treatment tended to be more effective than individual drugs used alone, and was associated with improved kidney survival (p < 0.0001) and reduced kidney weight to body weight ratio (p < 0.0001), cystic index (p < 0.001) and blood urea levels (p < 0.001) compared to untreated animals, although the difference between combination and single treatments was not statistically significant. Gene expression profiling and protein expression and phosphorylation analyses support the mild beneficial effects of co-treatment, and showed that tolvaptan and salsalate cooperatively attenuated kidney injury, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, inflammation and fibrosis, and improving mitochondrial health, and cellular antioxidant response. Conclusion: These data suggest that salsalate-tolvaptan combination, if confirmed in clinical testing, might represent a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Song
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wouter N. Leonhard
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anish A. Kanhai
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - York Pei
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: York Pei, ; Dorien J. M. Peters,
| | - Dorien J. M. Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,*Correspondence: York Pei, ; Dorien J. M. Peters,
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Nagao S, Yamaguchi T. Review of the Use of Animal Models of Human Polycystic Kidney Disease for the Evaluation of Experimental Therapeutic Modalities. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020668. [PMID: 36675597 PMCID: PMC9867516 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, and nephronophthisis are hereditary disorders with the occurrence of numerous cysts in both kidneys, often causing chronic and end-stage renal failure. Animal models have played an important role in recent advances in research not only on disease onset and progressive mechanisms but also on the development of therapeutic interventions. For a long time, spontaneous animal models have been used as the primary focus for human diseases; however, after the identification of the nucleotide sequence of the responsible genes, PKD1, PKD2, PKHD1, and NPHPs, various types of genetically modified models were developed by genetic and reproductive engineering techniques and played the leading role in the research field. In this review, we present murine models of hereditary renal cystic diseases, discussing their potential benefits in the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuko Nagao
- Advanced Research Center for Animal Models of Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-562-93-2434
| | - Tamio Yamaguchi
- Advanced Research Center for Animal Models of Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 510-0293, Japan
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Odedra D, Sabongui S, Khalili K, Schieda N, Pei Y, Krishna S. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Role of Imaging in Diagnosis and Management. Radiographics 2023; 43:e220126. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.220126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Krappitz M, Bhardwaj R, Dong K, Staudner T, Yilmaz DE, Pioppini C, Westergerling P, Ruemmele D, Hollmann T, Nguyen TA, Cai Y, Gallagher AR, Somlo S, Fedeles S. XBP1 Activation Reduces Severity of Polycystic Kidney Disease due to a Nontruncating Polycystin-1 Mutation in Mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:110-121. [PMID: 36270750 PMCID: PMC10101557 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021091180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in Pkd1 and Pkd2. They encode the polytopic integral membrane proteins polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), respectively, which are expressed on primary cilia. Formation of kidney cysts in ADPKD starts when a somatic second hit mechanism inactivates the wild-type Pkd allele. Approximately one quarter of families with ADPDK due to Pkd1 have germline nonsynonymous amino acid substitution (missense) mutations. A subset of these mutations is hypomorphic, retaining some residual PC1 function. Previous studies have shown that the highly conserved Ire1 α -XBP1 pathway of the unfolded protein response can modulate levels of functional PC1 in the presence of mutations in genes required for post-translational maturation of integral membrane proteins. We examine how activity of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone-inducing transcription factor XBP1 affects ADPKD in a murine model with missense Pkd1 . METHODS We engineered a Pkd1 REJ domain missense murine model, Pkd1 R2216W , on the basis of the orthologous human hypomorphic allele Pkd1 R2220W , and examined the effects of transgenic activation of XBP1 on ADPKD progression. RESULTS Expression of active XBP1 in cultured cells bearing PC1 R2216W mutations increased levels and ciliary trafficking of PC1 R2216W . Mice homozygous for Pkd1 R2216W or heterozygous for Pkd1 R2216Win trans with a conditional Pkd1 fl allele exhibit severe ADPKD following inactivation in neonates or adults. Transgenic expression of spliced XBP1 in tubule segments destined to form cysts reduced cell proliferation and improved Pkd progression, according to structural and functional parameters. CONCLUSIONS Modulating ER chaperone function through XBP1 activity improved Pkd in a murine model of PC1, suggesting therapeutic targeting of hypomorphic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteus Krappitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rishi Bhardwaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tobias Staudner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Duygu Elif Yilmaz
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlotta Pioppini
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Parisa Westergerling
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Ruemmele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Till Hollmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Thuy Anh Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yiqiang Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anna-Rachel Gallagher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stefan Somlo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sorin Fedeles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Espinosa Cabello M, Ansio Vázquez I, Espejo Portero I, Rodriguez Fuentes D, Rabasco Ruiz C, Espinosa Hernández M. The natural history of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. A strategy for grouping families and mutations. Nefrologia 2023; 43:120-125. [PMID: 37268502 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a main cause of end-stage renal disease. Today, knowledge of its genetic basis has made it possible to develop strategies that prevent the transmission of the disease. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to analyze the natural history of ADPKD in the province of Córdoba and to design a database that allows grouping families with different mutations. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients (n = 678) diagnosed with ADPKD followed by the Córdoba nephrology service are included. Various clinical variables (age and sex), genetic variables (mutation in PKD1, PKD2) and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence was 61 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Median renal survival was significantly worse in PKD1 (57.5 years) than in PKD2 (70 years) (log-rank p = 0.000). We have genetically identified 43.8% of the population, detecting PKD1 mutations in 61.2% and PKD2 mutations in 37.4% of cases, respectively. The most frequent mutation, in PKD2 (c.2159del), appeared in 68 patients belonging to 10 different families. The one with the worst renal prognosis was a truncating mutation in PKD1 (c.9893 G > A). These patients required RRT at a median age of 38.7 years. CONCLUSIONS Renal survival of ADPKD in the province of Córdoba is similar to that described in the literature. We detected PKD2 mutations in 37.4% of cases. This strategy allows us to know the genetic basis of a large proportion of our population while saving resources. This is essential to be able to offer primary prevention of ADPKD through preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel Espejo Portero
- UGC de Análisis Clínicos, Genética-Molecular, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía. Córdoba, Spain
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Harrison TN, Chen Q, Lee MY, Munis MA, Morrissette K, Sundar S, Pareja K, Nourbakhsh A, Shu YH, Willey CJ, Sim JJ. Health Disparities in Kidney Failure Among Patients With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Kidney Med 2022; 5:100577. [PMID: 36718187 PMCID: PMC9883284 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Understanding potential differences in patterns of kidney failure among patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may provide insights into improving disease management. We sought to characterize patients with ADPKD and kidney failure across different race/ethnicities. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting & Participants Kaiser Permanente Southern California members diagnosed with ADPKD between January1, 2002, and December 31, 2018. Exposure ADPKD. Outcome Kidney failure, dialysis, or receipt of kidney transplant. Analytical Approach Differences in characteristics by race/ethnicity were assessed using analysis of variance F test and χ2 test. To compare the range and distribution of the average age at onset of kidney failure by race/ethnicity and sex, we used box plots and confidence intervals. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate OR for kidney transplant. Results Among 3,677 ADPKD patients, 1,027 (27.3%) had kidney failure. The kidney failure cohort was comprised of Black (n=138; 30.7%), White (n=496; 30.6%), Hispanic (n=306; 24.7%), and Asian (n=87; 23.6%) patients. Hispanic patients had the youngest mean age of kidney failure onset (50 years) compared to Black (56 years) and White (57 years) patients. Black (44.2%; OR, 0.72) and Hispanic (49.7%; OR, 0.65) patients had lower rates of kidney transplantation compared to White (53.8%) patients. Preemptive kidney transplantations occurred in 15.0% of patients. Limitations Retrospective study design and possible misclassification of ADPKD cases. Kidney function calculations were based on equations incorporating race, potentially overestimating kidney function in African Americans. The study was conducted within a single, integrated health care system in 1 geographic region and may not be generalizable to all ADPKD patients. Conclusions Among a large diverse ADPKD population, we observed racial/ethnic differences in rates of kidney failure, age of kidney failure onset, and rates of kidney transplantation. Our real-world ADPKD cohort provides insight into racial/ethnic variation in clinical features of disease and potential disparities in care, which may affect ADPKD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa N. Harrison
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California
| | - Qiaoling Chen
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California
| | - Min Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mercedes A. Munis
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California
| | - Kerresa Morrissette
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California
| | - Shirin Sundar
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Kristin Pareja
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Ali Nourbakhsh
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Yu-Hsiang Shu
- Department of Biostatistics and Programming, Inari Medical, Irvine, California
| | - Cynthia J. Willey
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - John J. Sim
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Department of Clinical Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California,Address for Correspondence: John J. Sim, MD, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 4700 Sunset Bl 2nd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90027.
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Kang E, Li Y, Kim B, Huh KY, Han M, Ahn JH, Sung HY, Park YS, Lee SE, Lee S, Park SK, Cho JY, Oh KH. Identification of Serum Metabolites for Predicting Chronic Kidney Disease Progression according to Chronic Kidney Disease Cause. Metabolites 2022; 12:1125. [PMID: 36422264 PMCID: PMC9696352 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection and proper management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) can delay progression to end-stage kidney disease. We applied metabolomics to discover novel biomarkers to predict the risk of deterioration in patients with different causes of CKD. We enrolled non-dialytic diabetic nephropathy (DMN, n = 124), hypertensive nephropathy (HTN, n = 118), and polycystic kidney disease (PKD, n = 124) patients from the KNOW-CKD cohort. Within each disease subgroup, subjects were categorized as progressors (P) or non-progressors (NP) based on the median eGFR slope. P and NP pairs were randomly selected after matching for age, sex, and baseline eGFR. Targeted metabolomics was performed to quantify 188 metabolites in the baseline serum samples. We selected ten progression-related biomarkers for DMN and nine biomarkers each for HTN and PKD. Clinical parameters showed good ability to predict DMN (AUC 0.734); however, this tendency was not evident for HTN (AUC 0.659) or PKD (AUC 0.560). Models constructed with selected metabolites and clinical parameters had better ability to predict CKD progression than clinical parameters only. When selected metabolites were used in combination with clinical indicators, random forest prediction models for CKD progression were constructed with AUCs of 0.826, 0.872, and 0.834 for DMN, HTN, and PKD, respectively. Select novel metabolites identified in this study can help identify high-risk CKD patients who may benefit from more aggressive medical treatment.
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Grants
- 2011E3300300, 2012E3301100, 2013E3301600, 2013E3301601, 2013E3301602, 2016E3300200, 2016E3300201, 2016E3300202, 2019E320100, 2019E320101, 2019E320102, and 2022-11-007 Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
- 2017M3A9E4044649 the Korean government (MSIT)
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yufei Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ki Young Huh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyeun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyuck Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Youn Sung
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seek Park
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Identification and Characterization of Novel Mutations in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) in Saudi Subjects by Whole-Exome Sequencing. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58111657. [PMID: 36422197 PMCID: PMC9692281 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a condition usually caused by a single gene mutation and manifested by both renal and extrarenal features, eventually leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by the median age of 60 years worldwide. Approximately 89% of ADPKD patients had either PKD1 or PKD2 gene mutations. The majority (85%) of the mutations are in the PKD1 gene, especially in the context of family history. Objectives: This study investigated the genetic basis and the undiscovered genes that are involved in ADPKD development among the Saudi population. Materials and Methods: In this study, 11 patients with chronic kidney disease were enrolled. The diagnosis of ADPKD was based on history and diagnostic images: CT images include enlargement of renal outlines, renal echogenicity, and presence of multiple renal cysts with dilated collecting ducts, loss of corticomedullary differentiation, and changes in GFR and serum creatinine levels. Next-generation whole-exome sequencing was conducted using the Ion Torrent PGM platform. Results: Of the 11 Saudi patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ADPKD, the most common heterozygote nonsynonymous variant in the PKD1 gene was exon15: (c.4264G > A). Two missense mutations were identified with a PKD1 (c.1758A > C and c.9774T > G), and one patient had a PKD2 mutation (c.1445T > G). Three detected variants were novel, identified at PKD1 (c.1758A > C), PKD2L2 (c.1364A > T), and TSC2 (deletion of a’a at the 3’UTR, R1680C) genes. Other variants in PKD1L1 (c.3813_381 4delinsTG) and PKD1L2 (c.404C > T) were also detected. The median age of end-stage renal disease for ADPK patients in Saudi Arabia was 30 years. Conclusion: This study reported a common variant in the PKD1 gene in Saudi patients with typical ADPKD. We also reported (to our knowledge) for the first time two novel missense variants in PKD1 and PKD2L2 genes and one indel mutation at the 3’UTR of the TSC2 gene. This study establishes that the reported mutations in the affected genes resulted in ADPKD development in the Saudi population by a median age of 30. Nevertheless, future protein−protein interaction studies to investigate the influence of these mutations on PKD1 and PKD2 functions are required. Furthermore, large-scale population-based studies to verify these findings are recommended.
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Sekine A, Hidaka S, Moriyama T, Shikida Y, Shimazu K, Ishikawa E, Uchiyama K, Kataoka H, Kawano H, Kurashige M, Sato M, Suwabe T, Nakatani S, Otsuka T, Kai H, Katayama K, Makabe S, Manabe S, Shimabukuro W, Nakanishi K, Nishio S, Hattanda F, Hanaoka K, Miura K, Hayashi H, Hoshino J, Tsuchiya K, Mochizuki T, Horie S, Narita I, Muto S. Cystic Kidney Diseases That Require a Differential Diagnosis from Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). J Clin Med 2022; 11:6528. [PMID: 36362756 PMCID: PMC9657046 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary cystic kidney disease, with patients often having a positive family history that is characterized by a similar phenotype. However, in atypical cases, particularly those in which family history is unclear, a differential diagnosis between ADPKD and other cystic kidney diseases is important. When diagnosing ADPKD, cystic kidney diseases that can easily be excluded using clinical information include: multiple simple renal cysts, acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD), multilocular renal cyst/multilocular cystic nephroma/polycystic nephroma, multicystic kidney/multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK), and unilateral renal cystic disease (URCD). However, there are other cystic kidney diseases that usually require genetic testing, or another means of supplementing clinical information to enable a differential diagnosis of ADPKD. These include autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), nephronophthisis (NPH), oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndrome type 1, and neoplastic cystic kidney disease, such as tuberous sclerosis (TSC) and Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome. To help physicians evaluate cystic kidney diseases, this article provides a review of cystic kidney diseases for which a differential diagnosis is required for ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinari Sekine
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Sumi Hidaka
- Kidney Disease and Transplant Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Moriyama
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuto Shikida
- Department of Nephrology, Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka 530-0012, Japan
| | - Keiji Shimazu
- Department of Nephrology, Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka 530-0012, Japan
| | - Eiji Ishikawa
- Department of Nephrology, Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Mie 515-8557, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Uchiyama
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Haruna Kawano
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mahiro Kurashige
- Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Mai Sato
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suwabe
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Shinya Nakatani
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tadashi Otsuka
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirayasu Kai
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kan Katayama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shiho Makabe
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Shun Manabe
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Wataru Shimabukuro
- Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakanishi
- Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Saori Nishio
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattanda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kazushige Hanaoka
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Daisan Hospital, Jikei University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Junichi Hoshino
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Ken Tsuchiya
- Department of Blood Purification, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | | | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Satoru Muto
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo 177-8521, Japan
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Kim H, Sung J, Bae JY, Lee P, Oh YK, Kim H. Identification of osteopontin as a urinary biomarker for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease progression. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:730-740. [PMID: 35791741 PMCID: PMC9731784 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), one of the most common human monogenic diseases, is characterized by the presence of numerous fluid-filled renal cysts and is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Urinary biomarkers may be useful for predicting the variable course of ADPKD progression from cyst growth to ESRD. METHODS To identify candidate urinary biomarkers of ADPKD progression, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate porcine fibroblasts with mono- and biallelic ADPKD gene knockout (PKD2+/- and PKD2-/-, respectively). We then performed RNA-sequencing analysis on these cells. RESULTS Levels of osteopontin (OPN), which is expressed by renal epithelial tubular cells and excreted into urine, were reduced in PKD2-/- cells but not in PKD2+/- cells. OPN levels were also reduced in the renal cyst cells of ADPKD patients. Next, we investigated whether OPN excretion was decreased in patients with ADPKD via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OPN levels excreted into renal cyst cell culture media and urine from ADPKD patients were decreased. To investigate whether OPN can predict the rate of ADPKD progression, we compared urinary excretion of OPN in ADPKD patients with slow progression and those with rapid progression. Those with rapid progression had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Urinary OPN excretion levels were lower in rapid progressors than in slow progressors. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that OPN is a useful urinary biomarker for predicting ADPKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsuk Kim
- Depatement of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmo Sung
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Bae
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Poongyeon Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, Department of Animal Biotechnology and Environment, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Impact of kidney function and kidney volume on intracranial aneurysms in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18056. [PMID: 36302803 PMCID: PMC9613770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, only personal or family history of intracranial aneurysm/subarachnoid hemorrhage (IA/SAH) has been established as a risk factor for IA in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This study aimed to verify the association between kidney function/volume and IAs in patients with ADPKD. This study included 519 patients with ADPKD. At baseline IA screening, the median age and estimated glomerular filtration rate were 44 years and 54.5 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Family IA/SAH history was confirmed in 18.1% of the patients, and 54.3% of the patients had hypertension. The IA point prevalence was 12.5%. During clinical follow up of 3104 patient-years, de novo IA was detected in 29 patients (0.93% patient-years). The IA period prevalence was 18.1% (median age, 60 years). Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that total kidney volume (TKV) ≥ 1000 mL (odds ratio [OR] = 2.81), height-adjusted TKV ≥ 500 mL (OR = 2.81), Mayo imaging classification Class 1D-1E (OR = 2.52), and chronic kidney disease stages 3-5 (OR = 2.31) were significantly associated with IA formation. IAs in patients with ADPKD may be associated not only with general risk factors for IAs but also with declining kidney function and increased KV. Kidney disease progression may contribute to effective IA screening and treatment planning in patients with ADPKD.
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Yan Z, Wang Y, Deng W, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Qi K, Liu D, Xia R, Liu R, Zeng W, Zhang W, Xu J, Xiong F, Miao Y. A single-center analysis of genotype–phenotype characteristics of Chinese patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by targeted exome sequencing. Front Genet 2022; 13:934463. [PMID: 36186434 PMCID: PMC9520363 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.934463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is mainly caused by PKD1 and PKD2 mutations. However, only a few studies have investigated the genotype and phenotype characteristics of Asian patients with ADPKD. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the natural course of ADPKD genotype and phenotype. Methods: Genetic studies of PKD1/2 genes of Chinese patients with ADPKD in a single center were performed using targeted exome sequencing and next-generation sequencing on peripheral blood DNA. Results: Among the 140 patients analyzed, 80.00% (n = 112) harbored PKD1 mutations, 11.43% (n = 16) harbored PKD2 mutations, and 8.57% (n = 12) harbored neither PKD1 nor PKD2 mutations. The average age at dialysis was 52.60 ± 11.36, 60.67 ± 5.64, and 52.11 ± 14.63 years, respectively. The renal survival rate of ADPKD patients with PKD1 mutations (77/112) was significantly lower than that of those with PKD2 mutations (9/16), leading to an earlier onset of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal prognosis was poor for those with nonsense mutations, and they required earlier renal replacement therapy. Conclusions: The genotype and phenotype characteristics of ADPKD patients potentially vary across ethnic groups. Our findings supplement the genetic profiles of Chinese ADPKD patients, could serve as a guide for therapy monitoring and prognosis assessment of ADPKD, and may improve the clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Yan
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Deng
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangcheng Hu
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ka Qi
- Hemodialysis Center, Qinhuangdao Charity Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Ding Liu
- Division of Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renfei Xia
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rumin Liu
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Zeng
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangzhou Jiajian Medical Testing Co Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fu Xiong, ; Yun Miao,
| | - Yun Miao
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fu Xiong, ; Yun Miao,
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Genetics, pathobiology and therapeutic opportunities of polycystic liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:585-604. [PMID: 35562534 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic liver diseases (PLDs) are inherited genetic disorders characterized by progressive development of intrahepatic, fluid-filled biliary cysts (more than ten), which constitute the main cause of morbidity and markedly affect the quality of life. Liver cysts arise in patients with autosomal dominant PLD (ADPLD) or in co-occurrence with renal cysts in patients with autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD and ARPKD, respectively). Hepatic cystogenesis is a heterogeneous process, with several risk factors increasing the odds of developing larger cysts. Depending on the causative gene, PLDs can arise exclusively in the liver or in parallel with renal cysts. Current therapeutic strategies, mainly based on surgical procedures and/or chronic administration of somatostatin analogues, show modest benefits, with liver transplantation as the only potentially curative option. Increasing research has shed light on the genetic landscape of PLDs and consequent cholangiocyte abnormalities, which can pave the way for discovering new targets for therapy and the design of novel potential treatments for patients. Herein, we provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the field of PLDs, mainly focusing on genetics, pathobiology, risk factors and next-generation therapeutic strategies, highlighting future directions in basic, translational and clinical research.
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68
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Iliuta IA, Song X, Pickel L, Haghighi A, Retnakaran R, Scholey J, Sung HK, Steinberg GR, Pei Y. Shared pathobiology identifies AMPK as a therapeutic target for obesity and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:962933. [PMID: 36106024 PMCID: PMC9467623 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.962933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common Mendelian kidney disease, affecting approximately one in 1,000 births and accounting for 5% of end-stage kidney disease in developed countries. The pathophysiology of ADPKD is strongly linked to metabolic dysregulation, which may be secondary to defective polycystin function. Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in patients with ADPKD and constitute an independent risk factor for progression. Recent studies have highlighted reduced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction as shared pathobiology between ADPKD and overweight/obesity. Notably, mTOR and AMPK are two diametrically opposed sensors of energy metabolism that regulate cell growth and proliferation. However, treatment with the current generation of mTOR inhibitors is poorly tolerated due to their toxicity, making clinical translation difficult. By contrast, multiple preclinical and clinical studies have shown that pharmacological activation of AMPK provides a promising approach to treat ADPKD. In this narrative review, we summarize the pleiotropic functions of AMPK as a regulator of cellular proliferation, macromolecule metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis, and discuss the potential for pharmacological activation of AMPK to treat ADPKD and obesity-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan-Andrei Iliuta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xuewen Song
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Pickel
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amirreza Haghighi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Scholey
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - York Pei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: York Pei,
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Lakhia R, Ramalingam H, Chang CM, Cobo-Stark P, Biggers L, Flaten A, Alvarez J, Valencia T, Wallace DP, Lee EC, Patel V. PKD1 and PKD2 mRNA cis-inhibition drives polycystic kidney disease progression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4765. [PMID: 35965273 PMCID: PMC9376183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), among the most common human genetic conditions and a frequent etiology of kidney failure, is primarily caused by heterozygous PKD1 mutations. Kidney cyst formation occurs when PKD1 dosage falls below a critical threshold. However, no framework exists to harness the remaining allele or reverse PKD1 decline. Here, we show that mRNAs produced by the noninactivated PKD1 allele are repressed via their 3'-UTR miR-17 binding element. Eliminating this motif (Pkd1∆17) improves mRNA stability, raises Polycystin-1 levels, and alleviates cyst growth in cellular, ex vivo, and mouse PKD models. Remarkably, Pkd2 is also inhibited via its 3'-UTR miR-17 motif, and Pkd2∆17-induced Polycystin-2 derepression retards cyst growth in Pkd1-mutant models. Moreover, acutely blocking Pkd1/2 cis-inhibition, including after cyst onset, attenuates murine PKD. Finally, modeling PKD1∆17 or PKD2∆17 alleles in patient-derived primary ADPKD cultures leads to smaller cysts, reduced proliferation, lower pCreb1 expression, and improved mitochondrial membrane potential. Thus, evading 3'-UTR cis-interference and enhancing PKD1/2 mRNA translation is a potentially mutation-agnostic ADPKD-arresting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Lakhia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Harini Ramalingam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Chun-Mien Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Patricia Cobo-Stark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Laurence Biggers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Andrea Flaten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jesus Alvarez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | | | - Darren P Wallace
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Edmund C Lee
- Regulus Therapeutics Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Vishal Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Radhakrishnan Y, Duriseti P, Chebib FT. Management of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in the era of disease-modifying treatment options. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:422-431. [PMID: 35354242 PMCID: PMC9346401 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the reported etiology in 10% of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients and has an estimated prevalence of 12.5 million cases worldwide across all ethnicities. There have been major advancements over the last two decades in understanding the pathogenesis and development of disease-modifying treatment options for ADPKD, culminating in regulatory approval of tolvaptan for ADPKD patients at risk of rapid progression to kidney failure. This review highlights the genetic mutations associated with ADPKD, defines patients at risk of rapid progression to ESKD, and focuses on the management of ADPKD in the era of disease-modifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshwanter Radhakrishnan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Parikshit Duriseti
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fouad T. Chebib
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Ars E, Bernis C, Fraga G, Furlano M, Martínez V, Martins J, Ortiz A, Pérez-Gómez MV, Rodríguez-Pérez JC, Sans L, Torra R. Consensus document on autosomal dominant polycystic kindey disease from the Spanish Working Group on Inherited Kindey Diseases. Review 2020. Nefrologia 2022; 42:367-389. [PMID: 36404270 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most frequent cause of genetic renal disease and accounts for 6-10% of patients on kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Very few prospective, randomized trials or clinical studies address the diagnosis and management of this relatively frequent disorder. No clinical guidelines are available to date. This is a revised consensus statement from the previous 2014 version, presenting the recommendations of the Spanish Working Group on Inherited Kidney Diseases, which were agreed to following a literature search and discussions. Levels of evidence mostly are C and D according to the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (University of Oxford). The recommendations relate to, among other topics, the use of imaging and genetic diagnosis, management of hypertension, pain, cyst infections and bleeding, extra-renal involvement including polycystic liver disease and cranial aneurysms, management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and KRT and management of children with ADPKD. Recommendations on specific ADPKD therapies are provided as well as the recommendation to assess rapid progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Ars
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Bernis
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital de la Princesa, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Fraga
- Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Furlano
- Enfermedades Renales Hereditarias, Servicio de Nefrología, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (Departamento de Medicina), REDinREN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Judith Martins
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Servicio de Nefrología, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IRSIN, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Vanessa Pérez-Gómez
- Servicio de Nefrología, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IRSIN, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Rodríguez-Pérez
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Laia Sans
- Servicio de Nefrología, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Torra
- Enfermedades Renales Hereditarias, Servicio de Nefrología, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (Departamento de Medicina), REDinREN, Barcelona, Spain.
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Documento de consenso de poliquistosis renal autosómica dominante del grupo de trabajo de enfermedades hereditarias de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología. Revisión 2020. Nefrologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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McGill RL, Saunders MR, Hayward AL, Chapman AB. Health Disparities in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) in the United States. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:976-985. [PMID: 35725555 PMCID: PMC9269641 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.00840122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) occurs at conception and is often diagnosed decades prior to kidney failure. Nephrology care and transplantation access should be independent of race and ethnicity. However, institutional racism and barriers to health care may affect patient outcomes in ADPKD. We sought to ascertain the effect of health disparities on outcomes in ADPKD by examining age at onset of kidney failure and access to preemptive transplantation and transplantation after dialysis initiation. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Retrospective cohort analyses of adults with ADPKD in the United States Renal Data System from January 2000 to June 2018 were merged to US Census income data and evaluated by self-reported race and ethnicity. Age at kidney failure was analyzed in a linear model, and transplant rates before and after dialysis initiation were analyzed in logistic and proportional hazards models in Black and Hispanic patients with ADPKD compared with White patients with ADPKD. RESULTS A total of 41,485 patients with ADPKD were followed for a median of 25 (interquartile range, 5-54) months. Mean age was 56±12 years; 46% were women, 13% were Black, and 10% were Hispanic. Mean ages at kidney failure were 55±13, 53±12, and 57±12 years for Black patients, Hispanic patients, and White patients, respectively. Odds ratios for preemptive transplant were 0.33 (95% confidence interval, 0.29 to 0.38) for Black patients and 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.56) for Hispanic patients compared with White patients. Transplant after dialysis initiation was 0.61 (95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.64) for Black patients and 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 0.83) for Hispanic patients. CONCLUSIONS Black and Hispanic patients with ADPKD reach kidney failure earlier and are less likely to receive a kidney transplant preemptively and after initiating dialysis compared with White patients with ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita L. McGill
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Milda R. Saunders
- Section of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Arlene B. Chapman
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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PKD2 founder mutation is the most common mutation of polycystic kidney disease in Taiwan. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:40. [PMID: 35778421 PMCID: PMC9249874 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited adult kidney disease. Although ADPKD is primarily caused by PKD1 and PKD2, the identification of several novel causative genes in recent years has revealed more complex genetic heterogeneity than previously thought. To study the disease-causing mutations of ADPKD, a total of 920 families were collected and their diagnoses were established via clinical and image studies by Taiwan PKD Consortium investigators. Amplicon-based library preparation with next-generation sequencing, variant calling, and bioinformatic analysis was used to identify disease-causing mutations in the cohort. Microsatellite analysis along with genotyping and haplotype analysis was performed in the PKD2 p.Arg803* family members. The age of mutation was calculated to estimate the time at which the mutation occurred or the founder arrived in Taiwan. Disease-causing mutations were identified in 634 families (68.9%) by detection of 364 PKD1, 239 PKD2, 18 PKHD1, 7 GANAB, and 6 ALG8 pathogenic variants. 162 families (17.6%) had likely causative but non-diagnostic variants of unknown significance (VUS). A single PKD2 p.Arg803* mutation was found in 17.8% (164/920) of the cohort in Taiwan. Microsatellite and array analysis showed that 80% of the PKD2 p.Arg803* families shared the same haplotype in a 250 kb region, indicating those families may originate from a common ancestor 300 years ago. Our findings provide a mutation landscape as well as evidence that a founder effect exists and has contributed to a major percentage of the ADPKD population in Taiwan.
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Winterbottom J, Simms RJ, Caroli A, Gall ECL, Demoulin N, Furlano M, Meijer E, Devuyst O, Gansevoort RT, Le-Meur Y, Perico N, Torra R, Ong ACM. Flank pain has a significant adverse impact on quality of life in ADPKD: the CYSTic-QoL study. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:2063-2071. [PMID: 36825031 PMCID: PMC9942441 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disorder and a major cause of kidney failure worldwide. However, its impact on quality-of-life has not been systematically explored. Methods The CYSTic-QoL study was an observational study designed to study quality-of-life in adult European ADPKD patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2. A total of 465 patients were recruited from six expert European centres with baseline data recorded, including health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), incorporating a Kidney Disease QoL short form questionnaire (KDQoL-SF, version 1.3), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for total kidney volume (TKV) measurements and DNA for genotyping. The cohort was stratified by baseline eGFR, TKV or genotype and correlated with HRQoL scores. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied to examine the relationship between HRQoL and variables of interest. KDQoL-SF scores were calculated using an online tool provided by the RAND organization. For 36-item short form values, mean centre scores were normalized to their native populations. Results The mean age of participants was 43 years and 55% were female, with a mean eGFR of 77 mL/min/1.73 m2 and height-adjusted TKV (ht-TKV) of 849 mL/min; 66% had PKD1 pathogenic variants. ADPKD patients uniformly reported decreased general health and less energy, with the majority also experiencing poorer physical, mental or emotional health and limitations in social functioning. A total of 32.5% of participants experienced flank pain, which was significantly and negatively correlated with the majority of KDQoL-SF subscales by multivariate analysis. Higher ht-TKV and lower eGFR were negatively associated with decreased energy and poorer physical health, respectively, although not with flank pain. Conclusion ADPKD patients suffer from significantly decreased QoL in multiple domains, exacerbated particularly by chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Winterbottom
- Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Roslyn J Simms
- Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anna Caroli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Nathalie Demoulin
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Monica Furlano
- Inherited Kidney Disorders, Nephrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, IIB Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Meijer
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick Le-Meur
- Brest University, Inserm, UMR 1227, LBAI, CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Norberto Perico
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Roser Torra
- Inherited Kidney Disorders, Nephrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, IIB Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Historia natural de la poliquistosis renal autosómica dominante en Córdoba: utilidad de una base de datos para agrupar familias y mutaciones. Nefrologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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The causes and consequences of paediatric kidney disease on adult nephrology care. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:1245-1261. [PMID: 34389906 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adult nephrologists often look after patients who have been diagnosed with kidney disease in childhood. This does present unique challenges to the adult nephrologist, who may be unfamiliar with the underlying cause of kidney disease as well as the complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that may have accumulated during childhood. This review discusses common causes of childhood CKD, in particular congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), polycystic kidney disease, hereditary stone disease, nephrotic syndrome and atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The long-term consequences of childhood CKD, such as the cardiovascular consequences, cognition and education as well as bone health, nutrition and growth are also discussed.
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Linn AK, Maneepitasut W, Tubsuwan A, Kitiyanant N, Phakdeekitcharoen B, Borwornpinyo S, Hongeng S, Phanthong P. Establishment and Characterization of MUi027-A: A Novel Patient-Derived Cell Line of Polycystic Kidney Disease with PKD1 Mutation. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050766. [PMID: 35629189 PMCID: PMC9145395 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most prevalent genetic diseases affecting the kidneys. A genetically specific mutation model is required to comprehend its pathophysiology and to develop a drug treatment. In this study, we successfully developed human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) named MUi027-A from skin fibroblasts of a patient diagnosed with ADPKD and carrying the PKD1 frameshift mutation (c.7946_7947delCT). MUi027-A cells showed the same genetic fingerprints as the parental cells, including the presence of the PKD1 mutation. MUi027-A hiPSCs displayed embryonic stem cell-like characteristics with the capability of differentiating into the three germ layers. Upon directed differentiation, MUi027-A hiPSCs could be differentiated into tubular organoids with the expression of renal cell markers. Furthermore, we compared the efficiency of cyst formation in two human iPSC lines with different PKD1 mutations. When cyst formation was induced by either forskolin or blebbistatin, MUi027-A hiPSC-derived kidney organoids displayed higher frequencies of cyst formation when compared to organoids generated from an iPSC cell line with non-truncating PKD1 mutation genotype (c.5878C > T), suggesting the presence of physiological differences in the mechanism of cyst formation between different PKD1 mutants. Overall, we generated and characterized a novel human iPSC line with a specific PKD mutation and demonstrated its potential as a disease model to study the pathophysiology of genetic determinants in the development of ADPKD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Khine Linn
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (A.K.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Warun Maneepitasut
- Molecular Medicine Program, Multidisciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Alisa Tubsuwan
- Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (A.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Narisorn Kitiyanant
- Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (A.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Bunyong Phakdeekitcharoen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (A.K.L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (P.P.)
| | - Phetcharat Phanthong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (P.P.)
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Roediger R, Dieterich D, Chanumolu P, Deshpande P. Polycystic Kidney/Liver Disease. Clin Liver Dis 2022; 26:229-243. [PMID: 35487607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder that leads to chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Polycystic liver disease (PCLD) is the most common extrarenal manifestation of ADPKD. Though isolated PCLD and PCLD due to ADPKD are genetically distinct, they follow a similar clinical course of hepatomegaly from multiple cysts with preserved liver function. Tolvaptan use in ADPKD can slow down the deterioration of renal function and growth of cysts. Somatostatin analogs can slow the growth of polycystic livers but the effect is short-lived. The only curative therapy for PCLD is liver transplantation. Renal transplantation can significantly improve survival in patients with ESKD due to ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Roediger
- Division of Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1123, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Douglas Dieterich
- Division of Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1123, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pramodh Chanumolu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1123, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Priya Deshpande
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1123, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in Tunisia: From molecular genetics to the development of prognostic tools. Gene X 2022; 817:146174. [PMID: 35031424 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A high prevalence of genetic kidney disease in Tunisia has been detected, and their study provides very important clinical and genetic information. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality associated with the kidneys in Tunisia. We present here clinical and genetic characteristics of a cohort of Tunisian patients with ADPKD. Nineteen Tunisian patients with ADPKD, among 4 familial cases and 11 sporadic cases, and 50 Healthy individuals were included in this cohort. Genetic studies of PKD1/2 were carried on using Sanger sequencing and MLPA. In our study, the mean age at diagnosis was 47 ± 18 years. In addition, 84.21% of cases present a family history of ADPKD. Overall, 57.89% of the affected individuals had HTA and 26.31% patients had hematuria. 15.78 % of the patient has extra-renal cysts i.e. one patient with splenic cysts and two patients had liver cysts. 57.89 % of patients were diagnosed with various extra-renal clinical presentations i.e. myopia, hernia, deafness, intracranial aneurysm, respiratory distress, hyperthyroidism, urinary tract infection and lower back pains. The PKD1 genotype showed earlier onset of ESRD compared to PKD2 genotype (43 vs. 55 years old). Six mutations have been detected in PKD1 gene. Among them, three were novels e.g. c.688 T>G, p.C230G and c.690C>G, p.C230W among exon 5 and c.8522A>G, p.N2841S among exon 23. In addition, thirteen single nucleotides polymorphisms have been reported in PKD1 gene. Among them, eleven previously reported in heterozygous state and two novel single nucleotides polymorphisms in heterozygous and homozygous state and predicted to be probable polymorphisms by computational tools: c.496C>T, p.L166= among the exon 4, and c.10165G>C and p.E3389Gln among the exon 31. Only three single nucleotides polymorphisms previously reported in ADPKD database have been identified in PKD2 gene. The description and analysis of our cohort can help in rapid and reliable diagnosis for early management of patients in Tunisia. Indeed, predictive genetic testing can facilitate donor evaluation and increase living related kidney transplantation.
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Devarajan P, Chertow GM, Susztak K, Levin A, Agarwal R, Stenvinkel P, Chapman AB, Warady BA. Emerging Role of Clinical Genetics in CKD. Kidney Med 2022; 4:100435. [PMID: 35372818 PMCID: PMC8971313 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) afflicts 15% of adults in the United States, of whom 25% have a family history. Genetic testing is supportive in identifying and possibly confirming diagnoses of CKD, thereby guiding care. Advances in the clinical genetic evaluation include next-generation sequencing with targeted gene panels, whole exome sequencing, and whole genome sequencing. These platforms provide DNA sequence reads with excellent coverage throughout the genome and have identified novel genetic causes of CKD. New pathologic genetic variants identified in previously unrecognized biological pathways have elucidated disease mechanisms underlying CKD etiologies, potentially establishing prognosis and guiding treatment selection. Molecular diagnoses using genetic sequencing can detect rare, potentially treatable mutations, avoid misdiagnoses, guide selection of optimal therapy, and decrease the risk of unnecessary and potentially harmful interventions. Genetic testing has been widely adopted in pediatric nephrology; however, it is less frequently used to date in adult nephrology. Extension of clinical genetic approaches to adult patients may achieve similar benefits in diagnostic refinement and treatment selection. This review aimed to identify clinical CKD phenotypes that may benefit the most from genetic testing, outline the commonly available platforms, and provide examples of successful deployment of these approaches in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Devarajan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Katalin Susztak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adeera Levin
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rajiv Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Karolinkska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Bradley A. Warady
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
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Brosnahan GM, Wang W, Gitomer B, Struemph T, George D, You Z, Nowak KL, Klawitter J, Chonchol MB. Metformin Therapy in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Feasibility Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2022; 79:518-526. [PMID: 34391872 PMCID: PMC8837717 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common inherited disorder that leads to kidney failure and has few treatment options. Metformin is well tolerated and safe in other patient populations. The primary objective of this clinical trial was to determine the safety and tolerability of metformin in patients with ADPKD and without diabetes mellitus. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 51 adults aged 30-60 years with ADPKD, without diabetes, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 50-80 mL/min/1.73 m2. EXPOSURE Metformin (maximum dose 2,000 mg/d) or placebo for 12 months. OUTCOME Coprimary end points were the percentage of participants in each group prescribed at the end of the 12-month period: (1) the full randomized dose or (2) at least 50% of the randomized dose. Secondary and exploratory outcomes were the effect of metformin compared with placebo on (1) the percentage change in total kidney volume (TKV) referenced to height (htTKV in mL/m) and (2) the change in eGFR over a 12-month period. RESULTS The participants' mean age was 48 ± 8 (SD) years, and eGFR was 70 ± 14 mL/min/1.73 m2. The metformin group had no cases of lactic acidosis, and there was 1 episode of mild hypoglycemia in each group. Participants in the metformin group reported more adverse symptoms, mostly related to the gastrointestinal tract. Eleven of 22 metformin-treated participants (50%) completed the treatment phase on the full dose compared with 23 of 23 in the placebo group (100%). In the metformin group, 82% of participants tolerated at least 50% of the dose, compared with 100% in the placebo group. In exploratory analyses, changes in htTKV or eGFR were not significantly different between the groups. LIMITATIONS Short study duration. CONCLUSIONS We found that 50% or more of the maximal metformin dose was safe and well tolerated over 12 months in patients with ADPKD. Safety of other preparations of metformin as well as its efficacy should be tested in future clinical trials. FUNDING Government and philanthropic grants (NIDDK and the Zell Foundation). TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT02903511.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godela M Brosnahan
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Berenice Gitomer
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Taylor Struemph
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Diana George
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zhiying You
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristen L Nowak
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michel B Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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83
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Petit C, Cantarovich D, Langs V, Isidor B, Figueres L. [Genetic screening is essential in polycystic kidney disease: It is never too late!]. Nephrol Ther 2022; 18:144-147. [PMID: 35101355 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In France, numerous patients suffered from chronic kidney disease on polycystic kidney disorder. If PKD1 and PKD2 inactivating mutations are the most prevalent, several other genetic polycystic kidney diseases are responsible for similar kidney features and may be associated with severe extrarenal phenotypes. Genetic analysis in front of a polycystic disorder is not systematic, but is essential to assess the genetic diagnosis, discuss the intensity of treatment (vaptan) and precise the prognostic and the transmission of the phenotype. We detailed the case of a patient with end stage renal disease due to a polycystic kidney disease. Genetic analysis at 70 year of age revealed an oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1. The diagnosis had an important impact in the familial history and to attach the extrarenal phenotype to the syndrome. Our case illustrates that, in front of a polycystic kidney disease (even in aged patients with end stage renal disease) genetic screening is essential, for the propositus and their family and to take care of the extrarenal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Petit
- Service de néphrologie et d'immunologie clinique, CHU de Nantes, France; CRTI, ITUN, Université de Médecine de Nantes, France
| | - Diego Cantarovich
- Service de néphrologie et d'immunologie clinique, CHU de Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Langs
- Pôle Santé des Olonnes - Association ECHO, Les Sables d'Olonne, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes, Université de Médecine de Nantes, France
| | - Lucile Figueres
- Service de néphrologie et d'immunologie clinique, CHU de Nantes, France; CRTI, ITUN, Université de Médecine de Nantes, France.
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84
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Bleyer AJ. Factors that lead to dialysis as the preferred treatment modality for patients with chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2022; 31:180-184. [PMID: 34954719 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe forces that lead to dialysis as the preferred treatment modality for patients with chronic kidney disease. RECENT FINDINGS Although chronic dialysis is life-saving and the only option available for many individuals, treatment of the underlying causes of kidney disease and transplantation may be preferable options for many patients. Factors that favor dialysis instead of treatment of underlying kidney disease or transplantation include lack of proper diagnosis, lack of proper treatment of underlying kidney disease, poor compliance, lack of consideration for transplantation, early initiation of dialysis therapy, and financial incentives. New developments that may reverse this trend include genetic panels that improve diagnosis of kidney disease, new methods of transplantation, and legislation that will encourage kidney transplantation. SUMMARY By recognizing factors that favor dialysis over other therapies, nephrologists may be better able to provide care to their patients and prevent dialysis, researchers may be able to focus on research that will prevent the need for dialysis, and professional societies may work to prevent unneeded dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Bleyer
- Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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85
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Hopp K, Kleczko EK, Gitomer BY, Chonchol M, Klawitter J, Christians U, Klawitter J. Metabolic reprogramming in a slowly developing orthologous model of polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F258-F267. [PMID: 35037466 PMCID: PMC8858679 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00262.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease and affects 1 in 1,000 individuals. There is accumulating evidence suggesting that there are shared cellular mechanisms responsible for cystogenesis in human and murine PKD and that reprogramming of metabolism is a key disease feature. In this study, we used a targeted metabolomics approach in an orthologous mouse model of PKD (Pkd1RC/RC) to investigate the metabolic modifications a cystic kidney undergoes during disease progression. Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database, we identified several biologically relevant metabolic pathways that were altered early in this disease (in 3-mo-old Pkd1RC/RC mice), the most highly represented being arginine biosynthesis and metabolism and tryptophan and phenylalanine metabolism. During the next 6 mo of disease progression, multiple uremic solutes accumulated in the kidney of cystic mice, including several established markers of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction (allantoin, asymmetric dimethylarginine, homocysteine, malondialdehyde, methionine sulfoxide, and S-adenosylhomocysteine). Levels of kynurenines and polyamines were also augmented in kidneys of Pkd1RC/RC versus wild-type mice, as were the levels of bacteria-produced indoles, whose increase within PKD kidneys suggests microbial dysbiosis. In summary, we confirmed previously published and identified novel metabolic markers and pathways of PKD progression that may prove helpful for diagnosis and monitoring of cystic kidney disease in patients. Furthermore, they provide targets for novel therapeutic approaches that deserve further study and hint toward currently understudied pathomechanisms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This report delineates the evolution of metabolic changes occurring during autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) progression. Using an orthologous model, we performed kidney metabolomics and confirmed dysregulation of metabolic pathways previously found altered in nonorthologous or rapidly-progressive PKD models. Importantly, we identified novel alterations, including augmentation of kynurenines, polyamines, and indoles, suggesting increased inflammation and microbial dysbiosis that provide insights into PKD pathomechanisms and may prove helpful for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hopp
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily K Kleczko
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Berenice Y Gitomer
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jost Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Uwe Christians
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Peces R, Peces C, Mena R, Cuesta E, García-Santiago FA, Ossorio M, Afonso S, Lapunzina P, Nevado J. Rapidly Progressing to ESRD in an Individual with Coexisting ADPKD and Masked Klinefelter and Gitelman Syndromes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030394. [PMID: 35327948 PMCID: PMC8954516 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenetic hereditary renal disease, promoting end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a consequence of an extra copy of the X chromosome in males. Main symptoms in KS include hypogonadism, tall stature, azoospermia, and a risk of cardiovascular diseases, among others. Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by SLC12A3 variants, and is associated with hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, normal or low blood pressure, and salt loss. The three disorders have distinct and well-delineated clinical, biochemical, and genetic findings. We here report a male patient with ADPKD who developed early chronic renal failure leading to ESRD, presenting with an intracranial aneurysm and infertility. NGS identified two de novo PKD1 variants, one known (likely pathogenic), and a previously unreported variant of uncertain significance, together with two SLC12A3 pathogenic variants. In addition, cytogenetic analysis showed a 47, XXY karyotype. We investigated the putative impact of this rare association by analyzing possible clinical, biochemical, and/or genetic interactions and by comparing the evolution of renal size and function in the proband with three age-matched ADPKD (by variants in PKD1) cohorts. We hypothesize that the coexistence of these three genetic disorders may act as modifiers with possible synergistic actions that could lead, in our patient, to a rapid ADPKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Peces
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.P.); (M.O.); (S.A.)
| | - Carlos Peces
- Area de Tecnología de la Información, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Rocío Mena
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.); (F.A.G.-S.); (P.L.)
| | - Emilio Cuesta
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Fe Amalia García-Santiago
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.); (F.A.G.-S.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ossorio
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.P.); (M.O.); (S.A.)
| | - Sara Afonso
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.P.); (M.O.); (S.A.)
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.); (F.A.G.-S.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.); (F.A.G.-S.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-917-277-151; Fax: +34-917-277-382
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Lefèvre S, Audrézet MP, Halimi JM, Longuet H, Bridoux F, Ecotière L, Augusto JF, Duveau A, Renaudineau E, Vigneau C, Frouget T, Charasse C, Gueguen L, Perrichot R, Couvrat G, Seret G. Diagnosis and Risk Factors for Intracranial Aneurysms in Autosomal Polycystic Kidney Disease: A cross-sectional study from the Genkyst Cohort. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:2223-2233. [PMID: 35108395 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is associated with an increased risk for developing intracranial aneurysms (IAs). We aimed to evaluate the frequency of diagnosis of IAs in the cross-sectional, population-based, Genkyst cohort, to describe ADPKD-associated IAs and to analyze the risk factors associated with the occurrence of IAs in ADPKD patients. METHODS Cross-sectional study performed in 26 nephrology centers from the Western part of France. All patients underwent genetic testing for PKD1/PKD2 and other cystogenes. RESULTS Among the 2449 Genkyst participants, 114 (4.65%) had a previous diagnosis of ruptured or unruptured IAs at inclusion, and ∼47% of them had a positive familial history for IAs. Most aneurysms were small and saccular and located in the anterior circulation; 26.3% of the patients had multiple IAs. The cumulative probabilities of a previous diagnosis of IAs were 3.9, 6.2 and 8.1% at 50, 60 and 70 y, respectively. While this risk appeared to be similar in male and female individuals <50 y, after that age, the risk continued to increase more markedly in female patients, reaching 10.8% vs 5.4% at 70 y. The diagnosis rate of IAs was more than twofold higher in PKD1 compared to PKD2 with no influence of PKD1 mutation type or location. In multivariate analysis, female sex, hypertension <35 y, smoking and PKD1 genotype were associated with an increased risk for diagnosis of IAs. CONCLUSIONS This study presents epidemiological data reflecting real-life clinical practice. The increased risk for IAs in postmenopausal women suggests a possible protective role of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriane Lefèvre
- Service de Néphrologie, Hémodialyse et Transplantation rénale, CHRU Brest, Brest 29609, France.,Univ Brest, Inserm, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Audrézet
- Univ Brest, Inserm, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France.,Service de génétique moléculaire, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jean-Michel Halimi
- Service de Néphrologie-HTA, dialyses, transplantation rénale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Hélène Longuet
- Service de Néphrologie-HTA, dialyses, transplantation rénale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Frank Bridoux
- Service de Néphrologie, Hémodialyse et Transplantation rénale Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Laure Ecotière
- Service de Néphrologie, Hémodialyse et Transplantation rénale Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-François Augusto
- Service de Néphrologie, Hémodialyse et Transplantation rénale Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Angers, Angers, France
| | - Agnès Duveau
- Service de Néphrologie, Hémodialyse et Transplantation rénale Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Angers, Angers, France
| | - Eric Renaudineau
- Service de Néphrologie, Centre hospitalier Broussais, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Cécile Vigneau
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | | | - Christophe Charasse
- Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Yves Le Foll, Saint Brieuc, France
| | - Lorraine Gueguen
- Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier de Cornouaille, Quimper, France
| | - Régine Perrichot
- Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier de Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - Grégoire Couvrat
- Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Départemental Vendée, La Roche sur Yon, France
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Zhou X, Davenport E, Ouyang J, Hoke ME, Garbinsky D, Agarwal I, Krasa HB, Oberdhan D. Pooled Data Analysis of the Long-Term Treatment Effects of Tolvaptan in ADPKD. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:1037-1048. [PMID: 35570988 PMCID: PMC9091612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusion
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89
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Elhassan EAE, Murray SL, Connaughton DM, Kennedy C, Cormican S, Cowhig C, Stapleton C, Little MA, Kidd K, Bleyer AJ, Živná M, Kmoch S, Fennelly NK, Doyle B, Dorman A, Griffin MD, Casserly L, Harris PC, Hildebrandt F, Cavalleri GL, Benson KA, Conlon PJ. The utility of a genetic kidney disease clinic employing a broad range of genomic testing platforms: experience of the Irish Kidney Gene Project. J Nephrol 2022; 35:1655-1665. [PMID: 35099770 PMCID: PMC9300532 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-021-01236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genetic testing presents a unique opportunity for diagnosis and management of genetic kidney diseases (GKD). Here, we describe the clinical utility and valuable impact of a specialized GKD clinic, which uses a variety of genomic sequencing strategies. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we undertook genetic testing in adults with suspected GKD according to prespecified criteria. Over 7 years, patients were referred from tertiary centres across Ireland to an academic medical centre as part of the Irish Kidney Gene Project. RESULTS Among 677 patients, the mean age was of 37.2 ± 13 years, and 73.9% of the patients had family history of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We achieved a molecular diagnostic rate of 50.9%. Four genes accounted for more than 70% of identified pathogenic variants: PKD1 and PKD2 (n = 186, 53.4%), MUC1 (8.9%), and COL4A5 (8.3%). In 162 patients with a genetic diagnosis, excluding PKD1/PKD2, the a priori diagnosis was confirmed in 58% and in 13% the diagnosis was reclassified. A genetic diagnosis was established in 22 (29.7%) patients with CKD of uncertain aetiology. Based on genetic testing, a diagnostic kidney biopsy was unnecessary in 13 (8%) patients. Presence of family history of CKD and the underlying a priori diagnosis were independent predictors (P < 0.001) of a positive genetic diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS A dedicated GKD clinic is a valuable resource, and its implementation of various genomic strategies has resulted in a direct, demonstrable clinical and therapeutic benefits to affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elhussein A E Elhassan
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,Department of Medicine, Dublin, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Susan L Murray
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, Dublin, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dervla M Connaughton
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Claire Kennedy
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Cormican
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona Cowhig
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caragh Stapleton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark A Little
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James' Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Kendrah Kidd
- Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony J Bleyer
- Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Martina Živná
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Brendan Doyle
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony Dorman
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew D Griffin
- Nephrology Department, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Casserly
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Paediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine A Benson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter J Conlon
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, Dublin, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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90
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dos Santos Dutra A, Rodrigues FG, da Rocha DR, Vendramini LC, de Matos ACC, Heilberg IP. Increased Body Fat and Organic Acid Anions Production Are Associated with Larger Kidney Size in ADPKD. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:152. [PMID: 35208476 PMCID: PMC8875309 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A high body mass index (BMI) is associated with the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However, body fat (BF), which is another adiposity marker, has not yet been studied. Excessive weight may promote elevation in the endogenous synthesis of organic acid (OA) anions. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the possible association of the aforementioned markers with kidney volume and renal function in patients with ADPKD. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult ADPKD outpatients involving clinical, serum, and urinary laboratorial data and body composition assessments retrieved from their medical records. BF was estimated by skinfold thickness (mm) on the non-dominant arm and was considered as normal or high for each sex. Total kidney volume (TKV) and height-adjusted volume (htTKV) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. The annual estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope was analyzed during a median follow-up time of 6 (5.0-7.0) years to calculate rapid progression (decline in renal function ≥2.5 mL/min/year over 5 years). Results: A total of 104 patients were included (41.9 ± 11.9 years old, 38.5% men), with 62.5% of the patients classified as high BF. The High BF group presented higher levels of OA, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), 24 h urinary sodium (UNa), and htTKV, and lower eGFR than those with a normal BF. In the multivariate linear regression, the associated variables with TKV were high BF, OA and BMI (std. β 0.47, p < 0.05; std. β 0.36, p = 0.001; std. β 0.25, p = 0.01, respectively). In the binary logistic regression, when adjusted for potential confounders, UNa was the only parameter associated with an increased risk of eGFR decline ≥2.5 mL/min/year (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Increased body fat and endogenous production of organic acid anions are associated with larger kidney size in ADPKD but not with a decline in renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana dos Santos Dutra
- Nutrition Post Graduation Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (A.d.S.D.); (F.G.R.)
| | - Fernanda Guedes Rodrigues
- Nutrition Post Graduation Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (A.d.S.D.); (F.G.R.)
| | - Daniel Ribeiro da Rocha
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (D.R.d.R.); (L.C.V.); (A.C.C.d.M.)
| | - Larissa Collis Vendramini
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (D.R.d.R.); (L.C.V.); (A.C.C.d.M.)
| | | | - Ita Pfeferman Heilberg
- Nutrition Post Graduation Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (A.d.S.D.); (F.G.R.)
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (D.R.d.R.); (L.C.V.); (A.C.C.d.M.)
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91
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Park HC, Oh YK. Practical Issues in the Management of Polycystic Kidney Disease: Blood Pressure and Water Balance. Electrolyte Blood Press 2022; 20:10-16. [PMID: 36451711 PMCID: PMC9685325 DOI: 10.5049/ebp.2022.20.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common hereditary renal disease affecting more than 13 million people worldwide. Renal function deteriorates as the cysts in both kidneys increase in number and size, which eventually results in end-stage kidney failure. Until recently, conservative management for chronic kidney disease such as blood pressure control, low sodium diet, adequate water intake, and weight control were known for the only treatment of polycystic kidney disease. However, the introduction of disease-modifying drug has led to the new paradigm shift in the management of polycystic kidney disease. Tolvaptan, the vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, has been introduced to the patients with large kidneys since it can inhibit cyclic adenosine monophosphate, attenuates cyst growth, and delays renal failure. This article reviews the two important practical issues in the management of polycystic kidney disease: blood pressure and water balance. Firstly, the article will review the pathogenesis of high blood pressure in polycystic kidney disease and will demonstrate the current up-to-date management plan for blood pressure control. Secondly, this article will explain the mechanism of Tolvaptan on the treatment of polycystic kidney disease and its possible adverse effect on water and sodium balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayne Cho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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92
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Abstract
Introduction Valid prediction models or predictors of disease progression in children and young patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are lacking. Although total kidney volume (TKV) and Mayo imaging classification are generally used to predict disease progression in patients with ADPKD, it remains unclear whether germline mutation types are associated with these factors. We therefore investigated the association between mutation type and TKV and Mayo imaging classification among patients with ADPKD. Methods A total of 129 patients with ADPKD who underwent genetic analyses were enrolled in the study. The associations between the severity of PKD (TKV ≥ 1000 ml and Mayo classes 1C–1E) and the PKD1 mutation types (nonsense mutation, frameshift or splicing mutation, and substitution) were evaluated. Results Among the mutation types, only PKD1 splicing/frameshift mutation had significant associations with TKV ≥ 1000 ml in sex-adjusted and multivariable logistic analyses. Similarly, only the PKD1 splicing/frameshift mutation was significantly associated with Mayo 1C–1E in sex-adjusted and multivariable logistic analyses. PKD1 nonsense mutation, PKD1 substitution, or PKD1 mutation position had no significant association with TKV ≥ 1000 ml or Mayo 1C–1E. Conclusion Kidney cyst severity differs according to the mutation types in PKD1. Patients with PKD1 splicing mutations or PKD1 frameshift mutations are associated with TKV ≥ 1000 ml or Mayo 1C–1E. Detailed assessment of mutation types may be useful for predicting renal prognosis in patients with ADPKD and may especially contribute to the care of a high-risk group of children with ADPKD.
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93
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Dong K, Zhang C, Tian X, Coman D, Hyder F, Ma M, Somlo S. Renal plasticity revealed through reversal of polycystic kidney disease in mice. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1649-1663. [PMID: 34635846 PMCID: PMC9278957 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Initiation of cyst formation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) occurs when kidney tubule cells are rendered null for either PKD1 or PKD2 by somatic 'second hit' mutations. Subsequent cyst progression remodels the organ through changes in tubule cell shape, proliferation and secretion. The kidney develops inflammation and fibrosis. We constructed a mouse model in which adult inactivation of either Pkd gene can be followed by reactivation of the gene at a later time. Using this model, we show that re-expression of Pkd genes in cystic kidneys results in rapid reversal of ADPKD. Cyst cell proliferation is reduced, autophagy is activated and cystic tubules with expanded lumina lined by squamoid cells revert to normal lumina lined by cuboidal cells. Increases in inflammation, extracellular matrix deposition and myofibroblast activation are reversed, and the kidneys become smaller. We conclude that phenotypic features of ADPKD are reversible and that the kidney has an unexpected capacity for plasticity controlled at least in part by ADPKD gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel Coman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stefan Somlo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,
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94
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Chang MY, Tsai TI, Chou LF, Hsu SH, Yang HY, Hung CC, Tian YC, Ong ACM, Yang CW. Metformin induces lactate accumulation and accelerates renal cyst progression in Pkd1-deficient mice. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1560-1573. [PMID: 34957500 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a potential treatment strategy for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Metformin has been shown to inhibit the early stages of cyst formation in animal models. However, metformin can lead to lactic acidosis in diabetic patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, and its efficacy in ADPKD is still not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of metformin in an established hypomorphic mouse model of PKD that presents stable and heritable knockdown of Pkd1. The Pkd1 miRNA transgenic mice of both genders were randomized to receive metformin or saline injections. Metformin was administrated through daily intraperitoneal injection from postnatal day 35 for 4 weeks. Unexpectedly, metformin treatment at a concentration of 150 mg/kg increased disease severity, including kidney-to-body weight ratio, cystic index and plasma BUN levels, and was associated with increased renal tubular cell proliferation and plasma lactate levels. Functional enrichment analysis for cDNA microarrays from kidney samples revealed significant enrichment of several pro-proliferative pathways including β-catenin, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, protein kinase Cα and Notch signaling pathways in the metformin-treated mutant mice. The plasma metformin concentrations were still within the recommended therapeutic range for type 2 diabetic patients. Short-term metformin treatment in a second Pkd1 hypomorphic model (Pkd1RC/RC) was however neutral. These results demonstrate that metformin may exacerbate late-stage cyst growth associated with the activation of lactate-related signaling pathways in Pkd1 deficiency. Our findings indicate that using metformin in the later stage of ADPKD might accelerate disease progression and call for the cautious use of metformin in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Chang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Inn Tsai
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fang Chou
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Hsing Hsu
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Hung
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chung Tian
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Albert C M Ong
- Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Elliott MD, James LC, Simms EL, Sharma P, Girard LP, Cheema K, Elliott MJ, Lauzon JL, Chun J. Mainstreaming Genetic Testing for Adult Patients With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2021; 8:20543581211055001. [PMID: 34733539 PMCID: PMC8558595 DOI: 10.1177/20543581211055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic testing results are currently obtained approximately 1 year after referral to a medical genetics team for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We evaluated a mainstream genetic testing (MGT) pathway whereby the nephrology team provided pre-test counseling and selection of patients with suspected ADPKD for genetic testing prior to direct patient interaction by a medical geneticist. SOURCES OF INFORMATION A multidisciplinary team of nephrologists, genetic counselors, and medical geneticists developed an MGT pathway for ADPKD using current testing criteria for adult patient with suspected ADPKD and literature from MGT in oncology. METHODS An MGT pathway was assessed using a prospective cohort and compared to a retrospective cohort of 56 patients with ADPKD who received genetic testing using the standard, traditional pathway prior to implementing the MGT for ADPKD. The mainstream pathway was evaluated using time to diagnosis, diagnostic yield, and a patient survey to assess patient perceptions of the MGT pathway. KEY FINDINGS We assessed 26 patients with ADPKD using the MGT and 18 underwent genetic testing with return of results. Of them, 52 patients had data available for analysis in the traditional control cohort. The time for return of results using our MGT pathway was significantly shorter with a median time to results of 6 months compared to 12 months for the traditional pathway. We identified causative variants in 61% of patients, variants of uncertain significance in 28%, and 10% had negative testing which is in line with expectations from the literature. The patient surveys showed high satisfaction rates with the MGT pathway. LIMITATIONS This report is an evaluation of a new genetic testing pathway restricted to a single, publicly funded health care center. The MGT pathway involved a prospective collection of a limited number of patients with ADPKD with comparison to a retrospective cohort of patients with ADPKD evaluated by standard testing. IMPLICATIONS A MGT pathway using clearly defined criteria and commercially available gene panels for ADPKD can be successfully implemented in a publicly funded health care system to reduce the time required to obtain genetic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Leslie C. James
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Emily L. Simms
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Priyana Sharma
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Louis P. Girard
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kim Cheema
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Meghan J. Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Julie L. Lauzon
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Justin Chun
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
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96
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Nuñez-Gonzalez L, Carrera N, Garcia-Gonzalez MA. Molecular Basis, Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Approaches of Bartter and Gitelman Syndromes: A Primer for Clinicians. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11414. [PMID: 34768847 PMCID: PMC8584233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gitelman and Bartter syndromes are rare inherited diseases that belong to the category of renal tubulopathies. The genes associated with these pathologies encode electrolyte transport proteins located in the nephron, particularly in the Distal Convoluted Tubule and Ascending Loop of Henle. Therefore, both syndromes are characterized by alterations in the secretion and reabsorption processes that occur in these regions. Patients suffer from deficiencies in the concentration of electrolytes in the blood and urine, which leads to different systemic consequences related to these salt-wasting processes. The main clinical features of both syndromes are hypokalemia, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronism. Despite having a different molecular etiology, Gitelman and Bartter syndromes share a relevant number of clinical symptoms, and they have similar therapeutic approaches. The main basis of their treatment consists of electrolytes supplements accompanied by dietary changes. Specifically for Bartter syndrome, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is also strongly supported. This review aims to address the latest diagnostic challenges and therapeutic approaches, as well as relevant recent research on the biology of the proteins involved in disease. Finally, we highlight several objectives to continue advancing in the characterization of both etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nuñez-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Xenetica e Bioloxia do Desenvolvemento das Enfermidades Renais, Laboratorio de Nefroloxia (No. 11), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Noa Carrera
- Grupo de Xenetica e Bioloxia do Desenvolvemento das Enfermidades Renais, Laboratorio de Nefroloxia (No. 11), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- RedInRen (Red en Investigación Renal) RETIC (Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud), ISCIII (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Xenetica e Bioloxia do Desenvolvemento das Enfermidades Renais, Laboratorio de Nefroloxia (No. 11), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- RedInRen (Red en Investigación Renal) RETIC (Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud), ISCIII (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenomica—SERGAS, Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compotela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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97
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Tsuji Y, Yamamura T, Nagano C, Horinouchi T, Sakakibara N, Ishiko S, Aoto Y, Rossanti R, Okada E, Tanaka E, Tsugawa K, Okamoto T, Sawai T, Araki Y, Shima Y, Nakanishi K, Nagase H, Matsuo M, Iijima K, Nozu K. Systematic Review of Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Frasier Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:2585-2593. [PMID: 34622098 PMCID: PMC8484119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Frasier syndrome (FS) is a rare inherited kidney disease caused by intron 9 splicing variants of WT1. For wild-type WT1, 2 active splice donor sites in intron 9 cause a mixture of 2 essential transcripts (with or without lysine-threonine-serine [+/KTS or −KTS]), and imbalance of the +KTS/−KTS ratio results in the development of FS. To date, 6 causative intron 9 variants have been identified; however, detailed transcript analysis has not yet been conducted and the genotype-phenotype correlation also remains to be elucidated. Methods We conducted an in vitro minigene splicing assay for 6 reported causative variants and in vivo RNA sequencing to determine the +KTS/−KTS ratio using patients’ samples. We also performed a systematic review of reported FS cases with a description of the renal phenotype. Results The in vitro assay revealed that although all mutant alleles produced −KTS transcripts only, the wild-type allele produced both +KTS and −KTS transcripts at a 1:1 ratio. In vivo RNA sequencing showed that patients’ samples with all heterozygous variants produced similar ratios of +KTS to −KTS (1:3.2−1:3.5) and wild-type kidney showed almost a 1:1 ratio (1:0.85). A systematic review of 126 cases clarified that the median age of developing ESKD was 16 years in all FS patients, and there were no statistically significant differences between the genotypes or sex chromosome karyotypes in terms of the renal survival period. Conclusion Our study suggested no differences in splicing pattern or renal survival period among reported intron 9 variants causative of FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Tsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - China Nagano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoko Horinouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nana Sakakibara
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishiko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuya Aoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rini Rossanti
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eri Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eriko Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tsugawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Meidicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sawai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Araki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuko Shima
- Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakanishi
- Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagase
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Locomotion Biology Research Center, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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98
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Liu F, Feng C, Shen H, Fu H, Mao J. Tolvaptan in Pediatric Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: From Here to Where? KIDNEY DISEASES 2021; 7:343-349. [PMID: 34604341 DOI: 10.1159/000517186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disorder, accounting for approximately 5% of all ESRD cases worldwide. As a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist, tolvaptan is the FDA-approved therapeutic agent for ADPKD, which is only made available to a limited number of adult patients; however, its efficacy in pediatric patients has not been reported widely. Summary Tolvaptan was shown to delay ADPKD progression in the Tolvaptan Efficacy and Safety in Management of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Its Outcomes (TEMPO) 3:4 study, Replicating Evidence of Preserved Renal Function: an Investigation of Tolvaptan Safety and Efficacy in ADPKD (REPRISE) trial, and other clinical studies. In addition to its effects on aquaretic adverse events and alanine aminotransferase elevation, the effect of tolvaptan on ADPKD is clear, sustained, and cumulative. While ADPKD is a progressive disease, the early intervention has been shown to be important and beneficial in hypotheses as well as in trials. The use of tolvaptan in pediatric ADPKD involves the following challenges: patient assessment, quality of life assessment, cost-effectiveness, safety, and tolerability. The ongoing, phase 3b, 2-part study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02964273) on the evaluation of tolvaptan in pediatric ADPKD (patients aged 12-17 years) may help obtain some insights. Key Messages This review focuses on the rationality of tolvaptan use in pediatric patients with ADPKD, the associated challenges, and the suggested therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyue Feng
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Shen
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaidong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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A Presumed Synonymous Mutation of PKD2 Caused Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease in a Chinese Family. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:1029-1036. [PMID: 34542828 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is mainly caused by the pathogenic mutation of PKD1 or PKD2 gene and usually affects bilateral kidneys. Synonymous mutations are generally assumed to be neutral as they do not alter amino acids. Herein, we described an extremely rare ADPKD child caused by a heterozygous synonymous mutation of PKD2 gene accompanied by massive proteinuria and congenital solitary kidney. METHODS Clinical characteristics of the patients were summarized. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to screen the disease-causing gene mutation, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing were applied to analyze the impact of the identified mutation on gene transcription and splicing. RESULTS Polycystic changes were found in the solitary kidney of a girl initially presented with nephrotic-range proteinuria. Thereafter her mother and 2 other family members were diagnosed to be ADPKD. Whole-exome sequencing of the proband identified a heterozygous synonymous mutation (c.1716G>A, p.Lys572=) located in the splicing site of exon 7 in PKD2 gene, which was co-segregated with the PKD phenotype in the family. RT-PCR and direct sequencing of amplified products revealed that this heterozygous synonymous mutation led to exon7 skipping in PKD2 gene. CONCLUSION We reported an extremely rare child case of ADPKD2 in combination with solitary kidney and nephrotic-range proteinuria, and firstly confirmed the pathogenicity of a heterozygous synonymous mutation (c.1716G>A) in PKD2 gene. The results indicate that synonymous mutations should not be excluded from disease-causing if they are located in splicing site of an exon.
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Benz EG, Hartung EA. Correction to: "Predictors of progression in autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease". Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2895-2897. [PMID: 34160691 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-04971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Benz
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erum A Hartung
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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