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Deng S, Shanmugam MK, Kumar AP, Yap CT, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Targeting autophagy using natural compounds for cancer prevention and therapy. Cancer 2019; 125:1228-1246. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Muthu K. Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore
- Cancer Program, Medical Science Cluster Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute National University Health System Singapore
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth West Australia Australia
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute National University Health System Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
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52
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Vella A, Lenchyk L, Upyr T. Targeting Cancer with Phytochemicals via Their Fine Tuning of the Cell Survival Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113568. [PMID: 30424557 PMCID: PMC6274856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of phytochemicals as potential prodrugs or therapeutic substances against tumors has come in the spotlight in the very recent years, thanks to the huge mass of encouraging and promising results of the in vitro activity of many phenolic compounds from plant raw extracts against many cancer cell lines. Little but important evidence can be retrieved from the clinical and nutritional scientific literature, where flavonoids are investigated as major pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic compounds. However, the actual role of these compounds in cancer is still far to be fully elucidated. Many of these phytochemicals act in a pleiotropic and poorly specific manner, but, more importantly, they are able to tune the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling to activate a survival or a pro-autophagic and pro-apoptosis mechanism, depending on the oxidative stress-responsive endowment of the targeted cell. This review will try to focus on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Scientific Secretary-Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, DanyloHalytskyLviv National Medical University, 79007 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Antonio Vella
- AOUI Verona, University Hospital, Section of Immunology, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Taras Upyr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
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Benvenuto M, Mattera R, Sticca JI, Rossi P, Cipriani C, Giganti MG, Volpi A, Modesti A, Masuelli L, Bei R. Effect of the BH3 Mimetic Polyphenol (-)-Gossypol (AT-101) on the in vitro and in vivo Growth of Malignant Mesothelioma. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1269. [PMID: 30459622 PMCID: PMC6232343 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a primary tumor arising from mesothelial cells. The survival of MM patients following traditional chemotherapy is poor, thus innovative treatments for MM are needed. (-)-gossypol (AT-101) is a BH3 mimetic compound which possesses anti-tumoral activity by targeting multiple signaling transduction pathways. Several clinical trials employing AT-101 have been performed and some of them are still ongoing. Accordingly, we investigated the in vitro effects of AT-101 on cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, pro-survival signaling pathways, apoptosis and autophagy of human (MM-B1, H-Meso-1, and MM-F1) and mouse (#40a) MM cell lines. In addition, we explored the in vivo anti-tumor activities of AT-101 in a mouse model, in which the transplantation of MM cells induces ascites in the peritoneal space. AT-101 inhibited in vitro MM cells survival in a dose- and time-dependent manner and triggered autophagy, but the process was then blocked and was coincident with apoptosis activation. To confirm the effect of AT-101 in inducing the apoptosis of MM cells, MM cells were simultaneously treated with AT-101 and with the caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. Z-VAD-FMK was able to significantly reduce the number of cells in the subG1 phase compared to the treatment with AT-101 alone. This result corroborates the induction of cell death by apoptosis following treatment with AT-101. Indeed, Western blotting results showed that AT-101 increases Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, modulates p53 expression, activates caspase 9 and the cleavage of PARP-1. In addition, the treatment with AT-101 was able to: (a) decrease the ErbB2 protein expression; (b) increase the EGFR protein expression; (c) affect the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and AKT; (d) stimulate JNK1/2 and c-jun phosphorylation. Our in vivo results showed that the intraperitoneal administration of AT-101 increased the median survival of C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally transplanted with #40a cells and reduced the risk of developing tumors. Our findings may have important implications for the design of MM therapies by employing AT-101 as an anticancer agent in combination with standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mattera
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Joshua Ismaele Sticca
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipriani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Giganti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Volpi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Electrochemically Reduced Water Delays Mammary Tumors Growth in Mice and Inhibits Breast Cancer Cells Survival In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4753507. [PMID: 30402124 PMCID: PMC6196883 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4753507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduced water (ERW) has been proposed to have beneficial effects on human health due to its rich content of H2 and the presence of platinum nanoparticles with antioxidant effects. Many studies have demonstrated that ERW scavenging properties are able to reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress in different experimental models. Although few in vivo studies have been reported, it has been demonstrated that ERW may display anticancer effects by induction of tumor cells apoptosis and reduction of both angiogenesis and inflammation. In this study, we show that ERW treatment of MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, and mouse (TUBO) breast cancer cells inhibited cell survival in a time-dependent fashion. ERW decreased ErbB2/neu expression and impaired pERK1/ERK2 and AKT phosphorylation in breast cancer cells. In addition, ERW treatment induced apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines independently of the status of p53 and ER and PR receptors. Our in vivo results showed that ERW treatment of transgenic BALB-neuT mice delayed the development of mammary tumors compared to the control. In addition, ERW induced a significant prolongation of tumor-free survival and a reduction in tumor multiplicity. Overall, these results suggest a potential beneficial role of ERW in inhibiting cancer cells growth.
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55
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Zhang C, Hao Y, Wu L, Dong X, Jiang N, Cong B, Liu J, Zhang W, Tang D, De Perrot M, Zhao X. Curcumin induces apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis in murine malignant mesothelioma. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2531-2541. [PMID: 30272283 PMCID: PMC6203149 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare form of cancer that is associated with asbestos exposure. Unfortunately, current therapies have limited efficacy. Previous studies have indicated that curcumin exerts antiproliferative and antitumor effects, and has low toxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effects of curcumin on the RN5 MPM cell line. The inhibitory effects of curcumin on cell viability were determined using the sulforhodamine B assay. In addition, cell cycle progression was analyzed by propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry, and curcumin‑induced apoptosis was measured by Annexin V/PI double staining. The translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence, and the expression levels of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT serine/threonine kinase (Akt)‑mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway proteins and mitochondria-associated proteins were evaluated by western blotting. In vivo antitumor effects were evaluated in a subcutaneous murine model. Briefly, tumors were harvested from the mice, and immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. The results indicated that curcumin inhibited RN5 cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death. In addition the findings suggested that curcumin-induced cell apoptosis occurred via the mitochondrial pathway, and caspase‑independent and AIF-dependent pathways. Further analysis revealed that curcumin may act as a PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway inhibitor by downregulating PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase. Furthermore, curcumin inhibited tumor angiogenesis in vivo. In conclusion, curcumin may be potent enough to be developed as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengke Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yingtao Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Licun Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Bo Cong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Gene and Immunotherapy Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Gene and Immunotherapy Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Dongqi Tang
- Gene and Immunotherapy Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Marc De Perrot
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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56
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Shakeri A, Cicero AFG, Panahi Y, Mohajeri M, Sahebkar A. Curcumin: A naturally occurring autophagy modulator. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5643-5654. [PMID: 30239005 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradative process that plays a pivotal role in several medical conditions associated with infection, cancer, neurodegeneration, aging, and metabolic disorders. Its interplay with cancer development and treatment resistance is complicated and paramount for drug design since an autophagic response can lead to tumor suppression by enhancing cellular integrity and tumorigenesis by improving tumor cell survival. In addition, autophagy denotes the cellular ability of adapting to stress though it may end up in apoptosis activation when cells are exposed to a very powerful stress. Induction of autophagy is a therapeutic option in cancer and many anticancer drugs have been developed to this aim. Curcumin as a hydrophobic polyphenol compound extracted from the known spice turmeric has different pharmacological effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. Many reports exist reporting that curcumin is capable of triggering autophagy in several cancer cells. In this review, we will focus on how curcumin can target autophagy in different cellular settings that may extend our understanding of new pharmacological agents to overcome relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Shakeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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57
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Zhang L, Qiang P, Yu J, Miao Y, Chen Z, Qu J, Zhao Q, Chen Z, Liu Y, Yao X, Liu B, Cui L, Jing H, Sun G. Identification of compound CA-5f as a novel late-stage autophagy inhibitor with potent anti-tumor effect against non-small cell lung cancer. Autophagy 2018; 15:391-406. [PMID: 30145925 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1511503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, particular focus is placed on the implication of autophagy in a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Discovery of small-molecule modulators of autophagy as well as their potential use as anti-cancer therapeutic agents would be of great significance. To this end, a series of curcumin analogs previously synthesized in our laboratory were screened. Among these compounds, (3E,5E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methylene]-1-methylpiperidin-4-one (CA-5f) was identified as a potent late-stage macroautophagy/autophagy inhibitor via inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. We found that CA-5f neither impaired the hydrolytic function nor the quantity of lysosomes. Use of an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic screen in combination with bioinformatics analysis suggested that treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with CA-5f for 1 h suppressed the levels of cytoskeletal proteins and membrane traffic proteins. Subsequent studies showed that CA-5f exhibited strong cytotoxicity against A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but low cytotoxicity to normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), by increasing mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, CA-5f effectively suppressed the growth of A549 lung cancer xenograft as a single agent with an excellent tolerance in vivo. Results from western blot, immunofluorescence, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays showed that CA-5f inhibited autophagic flux, induced apoptosis, and did not affect the level of CTSB (cathepsin B) and CTSD (cathepsin D) in vivo, which were consistent with the in vitro data. Collectively, these results demonstrated that CA-5f is a novel late-stage autophagy inhibitor with potential clinical application for NSCLC therapy. Abbreviations: 3-MA, 3-methyladenine; ANXA5, annexin A5; ATG, autophagy related; CA-5f, (3E,5E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methylene]-1-methylpiperidin-4-one; CQ, chloroquine; CTSB, cathepsin B; CTSD, cathepsin D; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; DNM2, dynamin 2; EBSS, Earle's balanced salt solution; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HCQ, hydroxyl CQ; HEK293, human embryonic kidney 293; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; LAMP1, lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry; LDH, lactic acid dehydrogenase; LMO7, LIM domain 7; MAP1LC3B/LC3B, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; NAC, N-acetyl cysteine; MYO1E, myosin IE; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; PARP1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; PI, propidium iodide; RFP, red fluorescent protein; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SQSTM1, sequestosome 1; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - PengFei Qiang
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - JingTing Yu
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - YiMing Miao
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - ZhiQiang Chen
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Ju Qu
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - QianBing Zhao
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yachao Liu
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Xin Yao
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Bin Liu
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - LiuQing Cui
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - HongJuan Jing
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Gangchun Sun
- b College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
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58
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Franchini V, Regalbuto E, De Amicis A, De Sanctis S, Di Cristofaro S, Coluzzi E, Marinaccio J, Sgura A, Ceccuzzi S, Doria A, Gallerano GP, Giovenale E, Ravera GL, Bei R, Benvenuto M, Modesti A, Masuelli L, Lista F. Genotoxic Effects in Human Fibroblasts Exposed to Microwave Radiation. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:126-139. [PMID: 29787439 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, technological development has led to an increasing use of devices and systems based on microwave radiation. The increased employment of these devices has elicited questions about the potential long-term health consequences associated with microwave radiation exposure. From this perspective, biological effects of microwave radiation have been the focus of many studies, but the reported scientific data are unclear and contradictory. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential genotoxic and cellular effects associated with in vitro exposure of human fetal and adult fibroblasts to microwave radiation at the frequency of 25 GHz. For this purpose, several genetic and biological end points were evaluated. Results obtained from comet assay, phosphorylation of H2AX histone, and antikinetochore antibody (CREST)-negative micronuclei frequency excluded direct DNA damage to human fetal and adult fibroblasts exposed to microwaves. No induction of apoptosis or changes in prosurvival signalling proteins were detected. Moreover, CREST analysis showed for both the cell lines an increase in the total number of micronuclei and centromere positive micronuclei in exposed samples, indicating aneuploidy induction due to chromosome loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Franchini
- Scientific Department of Army Medical Center of Rome, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 4-00184, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome Roma Tre, Department of Science, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Regalbuto
- Scientific Department of Army Medical Center of Rome, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 4-00184, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome Roma Tre, Department of Science, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea De Amicis
- Scientific Department of Army Medical Center of Rome, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 4-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania De Sanctis
- Scientific Department of Army Medical Center of Rome, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 4-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Di Cristofaro
- Scientific Department of Army Medical Center of Rome, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 4-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Coluzzi
- University of Rome Roma Tre, Department of Science, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Marinaccio
- University of Rome Roma Tre, Department of Science, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Sgura
- University of Rome Roma Tre, Department of Science, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Ceccuzzi
- Radiation Sources, Antennas and Diagnostics Laboratory, ENEA Research Center, Frascati, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Radiation Sources, Antennas and Diagnostics Laboratory, ENEA Research Center, Frascati, Italy
| | - Gian Piero Gallerano
- Radiation Sources, Antennas and Diagnostics Laboratory, ENEA Research Center, Frascati, Italy
| | - Emilio Giovenale
- Radiation Sources, Antennas and Diagnostics Laboratory, ENEA Research Center, Frascati, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Ravera
- Radiation Sources, Antennas and Diagnostics Laboratory, ENEA Research Center, Frascati, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Modesti
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- University of Rome La Sapienza, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Florigio Lista
- Scientific Department of Army Medical Center of Rome, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 4-00184, Rome, Italy
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59
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Chinese herb medicine matrine induce apoptosis in human esophageal squamous cancer KYSE-150 cells through increasing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting mitochondrial function. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:691-699. [PMID: 29567333 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrine, as a natural alkaloid isolated from the traditional herb medicine sophora flavescens, has been proved to possess excellent biological activities, including anticancer effects. Now, this research aims to assess the anticancer activities and the mechanism of matrine against esophageal cancer cells, we investigated the proliferative inhibition, apoptosis induction, as well as the underlying mechanism of matrine on esophageal cancer KYSE-150 cells. It was found that matrine could suppress KYSE-150 cell proliferation and significantly mediate cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent relation by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species level and triggering mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. More precise mechanism studies demonstrated that matrine could up-regulate the expression of Bax proteins and down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 proteins, as well as the activation about caspase-3, 8 and 9 in KYSE-150 cells. The morphological analysis of KYSE-150 cells exhibited that matrine could destroy the F-actin and nuclei structures and induce morphological damage with increased surface height distribution and roughness of cell membrane. These results not only demonstrated the potential anticancer activity mechanism of matrine at nanoscale, but also provide preliminary guidance for the treatment of esophageal cancer using matrine.
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60
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Moosavi MA, Haghi A, Rahmati M, Taniguchi H, Mocan A, Echeverría J, Gupta VK, Tzvetkov NT, Atanasov AG. Phytochemicals as potent modulators of autophagy for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2018; 424:46-69. [PMID: 29474859 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of a broad range of diseases, and accordingly universal research efforts have focused on exploring novel compounds with autophagy-modulating properties. While a number of synthetic autophagy modulators have been identified as promising cancer therapy candidates, autophagy-modulating phytochemicals have also attracted attention as potential treatments with minimal side effects. In this review, we firstly highlight the importance of autophagy and its relevance in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer. Subsequently, we present the data on common phytochemicals and their mechanism of action as autophagy modulators. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with harnessing the autophagic potential of phytochemicals for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O Box:14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atousa Haghi
- Young Researchers & Elite Club, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gheorghe Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; NTZ Lab Ltd., Krasno Selo 198, Sofia 1618, Bulgaria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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61
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Daniele S, Pietrobono D, Costa B, Giustiniano M, La Pietra V, Giacomelli C, La Regina G, Silvestri R, Taliani S, Trincavelli ML, Da Settimo F, Novellino E, Martini C, Marinelli L. Bax Activation Blocks Self-Renewal and Induces Apoptosis of Human Glioblastoma Stem Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:85-99. [PMID: 28368610 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by a poor response to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, attributed to the insurgence of drug resistance mechanisms and to the presence of a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs). GBM cells and GSCs present, among others, an overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins and an inhibition of pro-apoptotic ones, which help to escape apoptosis. Among pro-apoptotic inducers, the Bcl-2 family protein Bax has recently emerged as a promising new target in cancer therapy along with first BAX activators (BAM7, Compound 106, and SMBA1). Herein, a derivative of BAM-7, named BTC-8, was employed to explore the effects of Bax activation in different human GBM cells and in their stem cell subpopulation. BTC-8 inhibited GBM cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle, and induced apoptosis through the induction of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Most importantly, BTC-8 blocked proliferation and self-renewal of GSCs and induced their apoptosis. Notably, BTC-8 was demonstrated to sensitize both GBM cells and GSCs to the alkylating agent Temozolomide. Overall, our findings shed light on the effects and the relative molecular mechanisms related to Bax activation in GBM, and they suggest Bax-targeting compounds as promising therapeutic tools against the GSC reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Daniele
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Costa
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Valeria La Pietra
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Istituto
Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di
Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Istituto
Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di
Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Ettore Novellino
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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62
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Zhang P, Lai ZL, Chen HF, Zhang M, Wang A, Jia T, Sun WQ, Zhu XM, Chen XF, Zhao Z, Zhang J. Curcumin synergizes with 5-fluorouracil by impairing AMPK/ULK1-dependent autophagy, AKT activity and enhancing apoptosis in colon cancer cells with tumor growth inhibition in xenograft mice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:190. [PMID: 29273065 PMCID: PMC5741949 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Chemoresistance is a major obstacle that limits the benefits of 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu)-based chemotherapy for colon cancer patients. Autophagy is an important cellular mechanism underlying chemoresistance. Recent research advances have given new insights into the use of natural bioactive compounds to overcome chemoresistance in colon cancer chemotherapy. As one of the multitargeted and safer phytomedicines, curcumin has been reported to work as cancer-specific chemosensitizer, presumably via induction of autophagic signaling pathways. The precise therapeutic effect of curcumin on autophagy in determining tumorous cells’ fate, however, remains unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the differential modulations of the treatments either with 5-Fu alone or 5-Fu combined with curcumin on cellular autophagic responses and viabilities in the human colon cancer cells HCT116 and HT29, and explore molecular signaling transductions underlying the curcumin-mediated autophagic changes and potentiation of 5-Fu’s cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Methods Cell proliferation assay and morphology observation were used to identify the cytotoxicity of different combinations of curcumin and 5-Fu in HCT116 and HT29 cells. Cell immunofluorescence assay, Flow cytometry and Western blot were employed to detect changes of autophagy and the autophagy-related signaling pathways in the colon cancer cells and/or xenograft mice. Results Curcumin could significantly augment the cytotoxicity of 5-Fu to the tumorous cells, and the pre-treatment with curcumin followed by 5-Fu (pre-Cur) proved to be the most effective one compared to other two combinations. The chemosensitizing role of curcumin might attribute to the autophagy turnover from being activated in 5-Fu mono-treatment to being inhibited in the pre-Cur treatment as indicated by the changes in expression of beclin-1, p62 and LC3II/LC3I and the intensity of Cyto-ID Green staining. The autophagic alterations appeared to be contributed by down-regulation of not only the phospho-Akt and phospho-mTOR expressions but the phospho-AMPK and phospho-ULK1 levels as well. The cellular activation of AMPK by addition of A-769662 to the pre-Cur combination resulted in reversed changes in expressions of the autophagy protein markers and apoptotic status compared to those of the pre-Cur combination treatment. The findings were validated in the xenograft mice, in which the tumor growth was significantly suppressed in the mice with 25-day combination treatment, and meanwhile expressions of the autophagy markers, P-AMPK and P-ULK1 were all reversely altered in line with those observed in HCT116 cells. Conclusion Pre-treatment with curcumin followed by 5-Fu may mediate autophagy turnover both in vitro and in vivo via AMPK/ULK1-dependent autophagy inhibition and AKT modulation, which may account for the increased susceptibility of the colon cancer cells/xenograft to the cytotoxicity of 5-Fu. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0661-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (East China Normal University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ze-Lin Lai
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (East China Normal University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hui-Fen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - An Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tao Jia
- INSERM-UGA U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, F-38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Wen-Qin Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Xi-Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (East China Normal University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (East China Normal University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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63
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Mohamed SIA, Jantan I, Haque MA. Naturally occurring immunomodulators with antitumor activity: An insight on their mechanisms of action. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:291-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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64
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Masuelli L, Granato M, Benvenuto M, Mattera R, Bernardini R, Mattei M, d'Amati G, D'Orazi G, Faggioni A, Bei R, Cirone M. Chloroquine supplementation increases the cytotoxic effect of curcumin against Her2/neu overexpressing breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in nude mice while counteracts it in immune competent mice. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1356151. [PMID: 29147611 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1356151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is usually a pro-survival mechanism in cancer cells, especially in the course of chemotherapy, thus autophagy inhibition may enhance the chemotherapy-mediated anti-cancer effect. However, since autophagy is strongly involved in the immunogenicity of cell death by promoting ATP release, its inhibition may reduce the immune response against tumors, negatively influencing the overall outcome of chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer effect of curcumin (CUR) against Her2/neu overexpressing breast cancer cells (TUBO) in the presence or in the absence of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). We found that TUBO cell death induced by CUR was increased in vitro by CQ and slightly in vivo in nude mice. Conversely, CQ counteracted the Cur cytotoxic effect in immune competent mice, as demonstrated by the lack of in vivo tumor regression and the reduction of overall mice survival as compared with CUR-treated mice. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the presence of a remarkable FoxP3 T cell infiltrate within the tumors in CUR/CQ treated mice and a reduction of T cytotoxic cells, as compared with single CUR treatment. These findings suggest that autophagy is important to elicit anti-tumor immune response and that autophagy inhibition by CQ reduces such response also by recruiting T regulatory (Treg) cells in the tumor microenvironment that may be pro-tumorigenic and might counteract CUR-mediated anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Granato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Traslational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Mattera
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Traslational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Bernardini
- STA, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Mattei
- STA, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G d'Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G D'Orazi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Tumor Biology Section, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - A Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Traslational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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65
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Masuelli L, Benvenuto M, Mattera R, Di Stefano E, Zago E, Taffera G, Tresoldi I, Giganti MG, Frajese GV, Berardi G, Modesti A, Bei R. In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-tumoral Effects of the Flavonoid Apigenin in Malignant Mesothelioma. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:373. [PMID: 28674496 PMCID: PMC5474957 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a tumor arising from mesothelium. MM patients’ survival is poor. The polyphenol 4′,5,7,-trihydroxyflavone Apigenin (API) is a “multifunctional drug”. Several studies have demonstrated API anti-tumoral effects. However, little is known on the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral effects of API in MM. Thus, we analyzed the in vitro effects of API on cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, pro-survival signaling pathways, apoptosis, and autophagy of human and mouse MM cells. We evaluated the in vivo anti-tumor activities of API in mice transplanted with MM #40a cells forming ascites. API inhibited in vitro MM cells survival, increased reactive oxygen species intracellular production and induced DNA damage. API activated apoptosis but not autophagy. API-induced apoptosis was sustained by the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, increase of p53 expression, activation of both caspase 9 and caspase 8, cleavage of PARP-1, and increase of the percentage of cells in subG1 phase. API treatment affected the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPKs in a cell-type specific manner, inhibited AKT phosphorylation, decreased c-Jun expression and phosphorylation, and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation. Intraperitoneal administration of API increased the median survival of C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally transplanted with #40a cells and reduced the risk of tumor growth. Our findings may have important implications for the design of MM treatment using API.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza",Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata",Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mattera
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata",Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Di Stefano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza",Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Zago
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza",Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Taffera
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata",Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tresoldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata",Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Giganti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata",Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vanni Frajese
- Department of Sports Science, Human and Health, University of Rome "Foro Italico",Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Berardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "Sapienza",Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata",Rome, Italy.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata",Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata",Rome, Italy.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata",Rome, Italy
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