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Shigeishi H, Yokoyama S, Murodumi H, Sakuma M, Kato H, Higashikawa K, Takechi M, Ohta K, Sugiyama M. Effect of hydrogel stiffness on morphology and gene expression pattern of CD44 high oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:2826-2836. [PMID: 31934119 PMCID: PMC6949719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The stiffness of extracellular matrix (ECM) has been associated with tumor growth, phenotypic plasticity, and invasion through modulation of the intracellular signaling pathway. However, the effect of ECM stiffness on oral cancer stem cells (CSCs) has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we preliminarily investigated changes in phenotype and gene expression in CD44 positive-oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells (i.e., CD44high OM-1 cells) that were cultured on laminin-coated hydrogel with various degrees of stiffness. Mesenchymal-like morphology was observed when cells were cultured on 4.0 kPa laminin-coated hydrogel; amoeboid-like morphology was observed when cells were cultured on 1.0 kPa and 0.5 kPa laminin-coated hydrogel. These results indicated that CD44high OM-1 cells underwent mesenchymal to amoeboid transition (MAT) when cultured on laminin-coated softer hydrogel. E-cadherin and ESA mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced in CD44high OM-1 cells cultured on 0.5 and 1.0 kPa laminin-coated hydrogel, compared with their levels in control cells cultured in laminin-coated dishes. Significant changes in CD44 mRNA expression were not found in CD44high OM-1 cells that were cultured on different stiff hydrogels, compared with expression in control cells. Microarray analysis revealed that expression of cofilin, an intracellular actin-modulating protein, was increased by 8.19-fold in amoeboid-like CD44high OM-1 cells, compared with mesenchymal-like CD44high OM-1 cells; this suggested that cofilin was associated with MAT in CD44high OSCC cells. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between cofilin and invasion ability in CD44high amoeboid-like OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Sho Yokoyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murodumi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sakuma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Koichiro Higashikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takechi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masaru Sugiyama
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Huang L, Ji H, Yin L, Niu X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Xuan Q, Li L, Zhang H, Zhou X, Li J, Cui C, Yang Y, An W, Zhang Q. High Expression of Plakoglobin Promotes Metastasis in Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast via Tumor Cluster Formation. J Cancer 2019; 10:2800-2810. [PMID: 31258788 PMCID: PMC6584935 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast (IMPC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer that has a high frequency of lymph node (LN) involvement and metastasis to distant organs. IMPC is characterized by distinct histomorphology and unfavorable prognosis when compared with invasive ductal carcinoma no special type (IDC-NST). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We reported here that plakoglobin, as a key component in cell adhesion, can promote collective metastasis through facilitating IMPC clusters formation. In comparing the clinicopathological features of 451 IMPC patients and 282 IDC-NST patients, our results showed that tumor emboli were significantly higher in IMPC patients and were associated with a high frequency of metastasis. Both in vitro and in vivo data showed overexpression of plakoglobin in both the cell membrane and the cytoplasm of IMPC clusters. When plakoglobin was knocked down in IMPC cell models, the tumor cell clusters were depolymerized. Using mouse models, we validated the metastatic potential of tumor clusters was higher than single cells in vivo. Further analysis showed that higher expression of plakoglobin was able to promote activation of the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, which might protect the clusters from anoikis. Our data indicate that plakoglobin promotes tumor cluster formation in IMPC and downregulates apoptosis in the cell clusters through activation of PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 signaling. These results provide a convincing rationale for the high metastatic propensity seen in IMPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xingjian Niu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qijia Xuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liru Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingtong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chengwei Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiwei An
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.,Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
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Yuan F, Sun Z, Feng Y, Liu S, Du Y, Yu S, Yang M, Lv G. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in the formation of hypertrophic scars and keloids. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21662-21669. [PMID: 31106425 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Lai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Zi‐Li Sun
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yi Feng
- Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Si‐Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Ming‐Lie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Guo‐Zhong Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi Jiangsu China
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Wu X, Zuo W, Liu H, Wang Z, Xu C. Decreased expression of cell polarity protein Scribble correlated with altered subcellular localization of the Crumbs homologue 3 protein in human adenomyotic endometrial cells. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:1148-1159. [PMID: 30912223 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Previous studies have revealed that loss of cell apical-basal polarity contributed to the early stages of tumorigenesis. Adenomyosis involves a down-growth and aberrant implantation of the endometrial basalis into the myometrium. This study discovered aberrant expression of polarity protein Scribble (Scrib) and Crumbs homologue 3 protein (CRB3) in epithelial cells of diffuse adenomyosis. METHODS This was a case-controlled study, including 39 patients with histologic evidence of adenomyosis, and 48 patients with carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix without adenomyosis or endometriosis as control. Adenomyotic foci, eutopic endometrium of adenomyotic patients as well as normal endometrium were collected. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Immunoreactivity, confocal microscopy and immune electron microscopy were conducted to evaluate Scribble expression and localization of Scribble and CRB3. RESULTS Scrib was screen out as an abnormally expressed polarity protein in adenomyotic eutopic endometrium (ADM-EU) at messenger RNA (mRNA) level. The ADM-EU and adenomyotic ectopic endometrium showed a significantly decreased expression of Scrib compared with normal endometrium (all P-values <0.05). Scrib decreased significantly in ADM-EU than normal endometrium only in patients at proliferative phase and with severe dysmenorrhea (P-values <0.01, P-values <0.001 respectively). In ADM-EU, Scrib expression significantly lowered in patients with severe dysmenorrhea than mild dysmenorrhea (P-values <0.05). Aberrant redistribution of CRB3 from apical to basal lateral membrane portion was also detected in experiments by confocal microscopy immune electron microscopy (all P-values <0.01). CONCLUSION Basolateral polarity protein Scrib was found decreased significantly in endometrial cells of adenomyosis at mRNA and protein level, compared with normal endometrium. Menstrual phase and severity of dysmenorrhea has an impact on Scrib expression. Scrib decrease was accompanied by aberrant redistribution of CRB3 from apical to basal lateral membrane portion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwen Zuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiou Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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55
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Liu Z, Zhang W, Phillips JB, Arora R, McClellan S, Li J, Kim JH, Sobol RW, Tan M. Immunoregulatory protein B7-H3 regulates cancer stem cell enrichment and drug resistance through MVP-mediated MEK activation. Oncogene 2019; 38:88-102. [PMID: 30082909 PMCID: PMC6318029 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
B7-H3 is a tumor-promoting glycoprotein that is expressed at low levels in most normal tissues, but is overexpressed in various human cancers which is associated with disease progression and poor patient outcome. Although numerous publications have reported the correlation between B7-H3 and cancer progression in many types of cancers, mechanistic studies on how B7-H3 regulates cancer malignancy are rare, and the mechanisms underlying the role of B7-H3 in drug resistance are almost unknown. Here we report a novel finding that upregulation of B7-H3 increases the breast cancer stem cell population and promotes cancer development. Depletion of B7-H3 in breast cancer significantly inhibits the cancer stem cells. By immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we found that B7-H3 is associated with the major vault protein (MVP) and activates MEK through MVP-enhancing B-RAF and MEK interaction. B7-H3 expression increases stem cell population by binding to MVP which regulates the activation of the MAPK kinase pathway. Depletion of MVP blocks the activation of MEK induced by B7-H3 and dramatically inhibits B7-H3 induced stem cells. This study reports novel functions of B7-H3 in regulating breast cancer stem cell enrichment. The novel mechanism for B7-H3-induced stem cell propagation by regulating MVP/MEK signaling axis independent of the classic Ras pathway may have important implications in the development of strategies for overcoming cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Liu
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Joshua B Phillips
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ritu Arora
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Steven McClellan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Jin-Hwan Kim
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, 307N. University Blvd, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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56
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Cell Polarity Reversal Distinguishes True Micropapillary Growth From Retraction Artifact in Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:e1-e6. [PMID: 28800010 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Focal micropapillary features in invasive urothelial carcinoma is sometimes difficult to distinguish from retraction artifact morphologically. Cell polarity reversal has been demonstrated in micropapillary tumors by epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) immunostaining. We have previously described the use of E-cadherin as a cell polarity marker in ovarian micropapillary serous borderline tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of immunohistochemistry for EMA and E-cadherin in differentiating micropapillary urothelial carcinoma from retraction artifact. We identified 29 invasive urothelial carcinomas with micropapillary features and 30 invasive urothelial carcinomas without reported micropapillary features but with areas of retraction artifact. Cell polarity reversal was considered present if E-cadherin showed membranous apical cup-like staining or if EMA demonstrated a well-defined basal staining towards the stroma. Twenty-seven of 29 cases (93%) of urothelial carcinoma with micropapillary features demonstrated EMA or E-cadherin staining patterns consistent with cell polarity reversal. Staining consistent with micropapillary architecture was identified with both markers in 20 of these 27 cases (74%). Six cases showed reversal of polarity by E-cadherin alone, whereas 1 case showed polarity reversal by EMA alone. Retraction artifacts showed circumferential staining by E-cadherin and lacked well-defined basal staining by EMA. Three cases originally classified as with retraction artifact showed reversal of cell polarity by both EMA and E-cadherin and were reclassified as micropapillary. Our data show that pathologists can reliably make this distinction in most cases. However, in some cases with ambiguous features, EMA and E-cadherin immunostaining may aid in resolving this diagnostic dilemma.
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57
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Lysyl hydroxylases are transcription targets for GATA3 driving lung cancer cell metastasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11905. [PMID: 30093726 PMCID: PMC6085355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis associates with late stages of lung cancer progression and remains the main cause of patient death due to the lack of clinically effective therapeutics. Here we report that the transcription factor GATA3 and its co-factor FOG2 commonly promote the expression of the lysyl hydroxylase (LH) family members, including LH2 and LH3, which in turn drive lung adenocarcinoma cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. We show evidence that both LH2 and LH3 are direct transcription targets for GATA3. Knockdown of either LH2 or LH3 suppresses migration and invasion; on the contrary, forced expression of LH2 or LH3 promotes growth and migration, suggesting that the two LHs exert redundant oncogenic functions. Importantly, re-expression of LH2 is sufficient to restore the metastatic capacity of GATA3-depleted cells, suggesting a role for LHs as the downstream mediators of GATA3. Collectively, our data reveal a pro-metastatic GATA3-LHs axis for lung cancer, supporting the notion that targeting LHs may be useful for treating lung cancer.
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Abstract
The Hippo signal transduction pathway is an important regulator of organ growth and cell differentiation, and its deregulation contributes to the development of cancer. The activity of the Hippo pathway is strongly dependent on cell junctions, cellular architecture, and the mechanical properties of the microenvironment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how cell junctions transduce signals from the microenvironment and control the activity of the Hippo pathway. We also discuss how these mechanisms may control organ growth during development and regeneration, and how defects in them deregulate Hippo signaling in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchan Karaman
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Georg Halder
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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59
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Upsetting the Balance: When Viruses Manipulate Cell Polarity Control. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3481-3503. [PMID: 29680664 PMCID: PMC7094317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The central importance of cell polarity control is emphasized by the frequency with which it is targeted by many diverse viruses. It is clear that in targeting key polarity control proteins, viruses affect not only host cell polarity, but also influence many cellular processes, including transcription, replication, and innate and acquired immunity. Examination of the interactions of different virus proteins with the cell and its polarity controls during the virus life cycles, and in virally‐induced cell transformation shows ever more clearly how intimately all cellular processes are linked to the control of cell polarity. Multiple viruses target cell polarity. Viral targeting of polarity frequently occurs through PDZ recognition. Biological effects include immune-avoidance, cell proliferation and apoptosis inhibition.
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60
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Saito Y, Desai RR, Muthuswamy SK. Reinterpreting polarity and cancer: The changing landscape from tumor suppression to tumor promotion. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:103-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Teryukova NP, Malkova VV, Sakhenberg EI, Ivanov VA, Bezborodkina NN, Snopov SA. On reprogramming of tumor cells metabolism: detection of glycogen in the cell lines of hepatocellular origin with various degrees of dedifferentiation. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:879-890. [PMID: 29445895 PMCID: PMC5851979 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of cancer cells includes shifts in glucose and glycogen metabolism. The aim of our work was to check the ability of forming glycogen grains in hepatocellular tumor cell lines of various dedifferentiation levels. We studied the monolayer culture established in vitro after explanting cells from rat ascites Zajdela hepatoma strain C (ZH-C) as a "parental" line and its five daughter clonal sublines: the holoclonal sublines 3H, 5F, 6H and the meroclonal ones 1E, 9C, which possess, respectively, the properties of cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) and cancer progenitor-like cells (CPLCs). Besides, we studied four permanent cell lines of a rat hepatoma HTC, two murine hepatomas BWTG3 and MH-22a, and human hepatoblastoma HepG2. We used normal rat hepatocytes as positive control cells that form glycogen. We estimated relative cell dedifferentiation levels of the studied lines via analysis of cell morphology, morphometry and motility character on stained cell preparations and lifetime video files. Glycogen in the cells was detected using a Schiff type Au-SO2 reagent. All studied hepatocellular tumor lines were not of equal dedifferentiation level as manifested by different nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, by epithelium-like or fibroblast-like morphology, by tight or loosen intercellular contacts, by cell migration of collective or individual types. Glycogen fluorescence of uneven intensity was observed in all normal rat hepatocytes, but only in some cell groups or in single cells of hepatocellular tumor lines. The large or small fluorescent grains were found not only in relatively less dedifferentiated parental ZH-C line, BWTG3 and HepG2 lines, but also in moderately dedifferentiated 1E and HTC lines and even in severely dedifferentiated 3H, 5F and 6H sublines, as well as in the islets of the rat ascites hepatoma induced in vivo by the injection of 3H cells (the tumor-initiating cells). On the other hand, MH-22 and 9C lines, being relatively less and moderately dedifferentiated, showed no glycogen fluorescence. Thus, in 10 tumor cell lines of hepatocellular origin, an ability to reserve glycogen manifested no obvious dependency on their dedifferentiation level. Glycogen grains were detected in some cells even of the severely dedifferentiated lines: in single CSLCs of holoclonal ZH sublines grown in vitro and in a majority of tumor-initiating cells derived from ascites hepatoma in vivo. We suggest that dynamic changes in glycogen formation in CSLCs and tumor-initiating cells might be of importance for their dedifferentiation, self-renewal in vitro, survival and metastasis in vivo. The role of glycogen in maintaining viability and metastasis of tumor cells is to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya P. Teryukova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky ave. 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia 194064
| | | | - Elena I. Sakhenberg
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky ave. 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia 194064
| | - Vadim A. Ivanov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky ave. 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia 194064
| | - Natalia N. Bezborodkina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky ave. 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia 194064
| | - Sergei A. Snopov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky ave. 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia 194064
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Brivio S, Cadamuro M, Fabris L, Strazzabosco M. Molecular Mechanisms Driving Cholangiocarcinoma Invasiveness: An Overview. Gene Expr 2018; 18:31-50. [PMID: 29070148 PMCID: PMC5860940 DOI: 10.3727/105221617x15088670121925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of invasive functions by tumor cells is a first and crucial step toward the development of metastasis, which nowadays represents the main cause of cancer-related death. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a primary liver cancer originating from the biliary epithelium, typically develops intrahepatic or lymph node metastases at early stages, thus preventing the majority of patients from undergoing curative treatments, consistent with their very poor prognosis. As in most carcinomas, CCA cells gradually adopt a motile, mesenchymal-like phenotype, enabling them to cross the basement membrane, detach from the primary tumor, and invade the surrounding stroma. Unfortunately, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that synergistically orchestrate this proinvasive phenotypic switch. Autocrine and paracrine signals (cyto/chemokines, growth factors, and morphogens) permeating the tumor microenvironment undoubtedly play a prominent role in this context. Moreover, a number of recently identified signaling systems are currently drawing attention as putative mechanistic determinants of CCA cell invasion. They encompass transcription factors, protein kinases and phosphatases, ubiquitin ligases, adaptor proteins, and miRNAs, whose aberrant expression may result from either stochastic mutations or the abnormal activation of upstream pro-oncogenic pathways. Herein we sought to summarize the most relevant molecules in this field and to discuss their mechanism of action and potential prognostic relevance in CCA. Hopefully, a deeper knowledge of the molecular determinants of CCA invasiveness will help to identify clinically useful biomarkers and novel druggable targets, with the ultimate goal to develop innovative approaches to the management of this devastating malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brivio
- *School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cadamuro
- *School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- †International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Fabris
- †International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- ‡Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- §Liver Center, School of Medicine Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- *School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- †International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- §Liver Center, School of Medicine Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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uPA/uPAR and SERPINE1 in head and neck cancer: role in tumor resistance, metastasis, prognosis and therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57351-57366. [PMID: 27385000 PMCID: PMC5302994 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence supporting the role of the plasminogen activator system in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly of its uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator) / uPAR (urokinase plasminogen activator receptor) and SERPINE1 components. Overexpression of uPA/uPAR and SERPINE1 enhances tumor cell migration and invasion and plays a key role in metastasis development, conferring poor prognosis. The apparent paradox of uPA/uPAR and its inhibitor SERPINE1 producing similar effects is solved by the identification of SERPINE1 activated signaling pathways independent of uPA inhibition. Both uPA/uPAR and SERPINE1 are directly linked to the induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the acquisition of stem cell properties and resistance to antitumor agents. The aim of this review is to provide insight on the deregulation of these proteins in all these processes. We also summarize their potential value as prognostic biomarkers or potential drug targets in HNSCC patients. Concomitant overexpression of uPA/uPAR and SERPINE1 is associated with a higher risk of metastasis and could be used to identify patients that would benefit from an adjuvant treatment. In the future, the specific inhibitors of uPA/uPAR and SERPINE1, which are still under development, could be used to design new therapeutic strategies in HNSCCs.
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Protein kinase D1: gatekeeper of the epithelial phenotype and key regulator of cancer metastasis? Br J Cancer 2018; 118:459-461. [PMID: 29465085 PMCID: PMC5830601 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2018.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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65
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Li YR, Yang WX. Myosins as fundamental components during tumorigenesis: diverse and indispensable. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46785-46812. [PMID: 27121062 PMCID: PMC5216836 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin is a kind of actin-based motor protein. As the crucial functions of myosin during tumorigenesis have become increasingly apparent, the profile of myosin in the field of cancer research has also been growing. Eighteen distinct classes of myosins have been discovered in the past twenty years and constitute a diverse superfamily. Various myosins share similar structures. They all convert energy from ATP hydrolysis to exert mechanical stress upon interactions with microfilaments. Ongoing research is increasingly suggesting that at least seven kinds of myosins participate in the formation and development of cancer. Myosins play essential roles in cytokinesis failure, chromosomal and centrosomal amplification, multipolar spindle formation and DNA microsatellite instability. These are all prerequisites of tumor formation. Subsequently, myosins activate various processes of tumor invasion and metastasis development including cell migration, adhesion, protrusion formation, loss of cell polarity and suppression of apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the roles of myosins during tumorigenesis and discuss the factors and mechanisms which may regulate myosins in tumor progression. Furthermore, we put forward a completely new concept of “chromomyosin” to demonstrate the pivotal functions of myosins during karyokinesis and how this acts to optimize the functions of the members of the myosin superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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66
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Kreitzer G, Myat MM. Microtubule Motors in Establishment of Epithelial Cell Polarity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a027896. [PMID: 28264820 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells play a key role in insuring physiological homeostasis by acting as a barrier between the outside environment and internal organs. They are also responsible for the vectorial transport of ions and fluid essential to the function of many organs. To accomplish these tasks, epithelial cells must generate an asymmetrically organized plasma membrane comprised of structurally and functionally distinct apical and basolateral membranes. Adherent and occluding junctions, respectively, anchor cells within a layer and prevent lateral diffusion of proteins in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and restrict passage of proteins and solutes through intercellular spaces. At a fundamental level, the establishment and maintenance of epithelial polarity requires that signals initiated at cell-substratum and cell-cell adhesions are transmitted appropriately and dynamically to the cytoskeleton, to the membrane-trafficking machinery, and to the regulation of occluding and adherent junctions. Rigorous descriptive and mechanistic studies published over the last 50 years have provided great detail to our understanding of epithelial polarization. Yet still, critical early steps in morphogenesis are not yet fully appreciated. In this review, we discuss how cytoskeletal motor proteins, primarily kinesins, contribute to coordinated modification of microtubule and actin arrays, formation and remodeling of cell adhesions to targeted membrane trafficking, and to initiating the formation and expansion of an apical lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geri Kreitzer
- Department of Pathobiology, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City College of New York, The City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, New York 10031
| | - Monn Monn Myat
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, Brooklyn, New York 11225.,The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016
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67
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Ding SM, Lu AL, Zhang W, Zhou L, Xie HY, Zheng SS, Li QY. The role of cancer-associated fibroblast MRC-5 in pancreatic cancer. J Cancer 2018; 9:614-628. [PMID: 29483967 PMCID: PMC5820929 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Our previous study showed that cancer-associated fibroblast MRC-5 promoted hepatocellular carcinoma progression by enhancing migration and invasion capability. However, few studies have explored the role of MRC-5 in pancreatic cancer (PC). In this study, we examined the exact role and associated mechanisms of MRC-5. Methods: The conditioned media for MRC-5 was used to culture PC cell lines SW1990 and PANC-1. Cell proliferation was compared based on colony formation assays of PC cells in normal media and of PC cells cultured with conditioned media of MRC-5. Cell migration and invasion were assayed by transwell chambers. The expression of EMT-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins was evaluated using Western blot. And confocal microscopy was used to further detect the expression of EMT-related proteins. qRT-PCR was used to confirm the expression changes of related genes at the mRNA level. We also used flow cytometry to examine the cell cycle, apoptotic rate, and expression of CD3, CD4, CD14, CD25, CD45, CD61, CD90, TLR1, and TLR4. Results: MRC-5 repressed the colony formation ability of PC cells and significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion potential. MRC-5 induced S-phase cell cycle arrest but did not augment the apoptotic effects in PC cells. We hypothesized that the weakened malignant biological behavior of PC cells was correlated with MRC-5-induced altered expression of the cancer stem cell marker CD90; the immune-related cell surface molecules CD14, CD25, TLR4, and TLR1; and cell polarity complexes Par, Scribble, and Crumbs. Conclusion: MRC-5 limits the malignant activities of PC cells by suppressing cancer stem cell expansion, remolding epithelial polarity, and blocking the protumoral cascade reaction coupled to TLR4, TLR1, CD14, and CD25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Ming Ding
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital (Zhejiang University International Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Li Lu
- Division of oncology department, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wu Zhang
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital (Zhejiang University International Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Organ Trans-plantation, Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Yang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Organ Trans-plantation, Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital (Zhejiang University International Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Organ Trans-plantation, Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Yong Li
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital (Zhejiang University International Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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68
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Sharma A, Boaz K, Natarajan S. Understanding patterns of invasion: a novel approach to assessment of podoplanin expression in the prediction of lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2017; 72:672-678. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore; Manipal University; Karnataka India
| | - Karen Boaz
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore; Manipal University; Karnataka India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore; Manipal University; Karnataka India
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69
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Lee HM, Hwang KA, Choi KC. Diverse pathways of epithelial mesenchymal transition related with cancer progression and metastasis and potential effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on epithelial mesenchymal transition process. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 457:103-113. [PMID: 28042023 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural or synthetic compounds that interfere with normal functions of natural hormones in the body, leading to a disruption of the endocrine system. Specifically, EDCs have the potential to cause formation of several hormone-dependent cancers, including breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion and acquire mesenchymal phenotype is closely associated with malignant transformation and the initiation of cancer metastasis. As a key epithelial marker responsible for adherens junction, E-cadherin enables the cells to maintain epithelial phenotypes. EMT event is induced by E-cadherin loss which can be carried out by many transcription factors (TFs), including Snail, Slug, ZEB1, ZEB2, Kruppel-like factor 8 (KLF8), and Twist. N-cadherin, fibronectin, and vimentin are mesenchymal markers needed for cellular migration. The EMT process is regulated by several signaling pathways mediated by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), Wnt-β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, and receptor tyrosine kinases. In the present article, we reviewed the current understanding of cancer progression effects of synthetic chemical EDCs such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and triclosan by focusing their roles in the EMT process. Collectively, the majority of previous studies revealed that BPA, phthalates, TCDD, and triclosan have the potential to induce cancer metastasis through regulating EMT markers and migration via several signaling pathways associated with the EMT program. Therefore, it is considered that the exposure to these EDCs can increase the risk aggravating the disease for the patients suffering cancer and that more regulations about the use of these EDCs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Miru Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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70
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Li L, Fu LQ, Wang HJ, Yan ZL, Yu XC, Wang YY. FAT2 is a novel independent prognostic factor for the poor prognosis of gastric carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:11603-11609. [PMID: 31966517 PMCID: PMC6966061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the clinical implication of FAT2 in the progression, metastasis, and prognosis of gastric cancer. METHODS The expression of FAT2 in 436 clinicopathologically characterized gastric cancer cases and 92 control human non-tumor mucosa were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Consequently, survival analysis was conducted to investigate the association of FAT2 expression and the development of gastric cancers. RESULTS FAT2 protein was found highly expressed in 90 of 92 (97.83%) control human non-tumor mucosa, while was highly expressed in 126 of 436 (28.90%) tumors samples and low in 310 of 436 (72.10%). The expression of FAT2 was associated with age, tumor size, depth of invasion, Lauren's classification, lymph node and distant metastases, regional lymph node stage, TNM stage, and prognosis. In particular, for stage I, II, and III tumors patients the 5-year survival rate was lower in those with high expression of FAT2 than those with low expression. In stage IV tumors, the expression of FAT2 was not associated with the 5-year survival rate. Lauren's classification and distant metastases, TNM stage, and expression of FAT2 were independent prognostic factors in the patients with gastric cancer, as revealed by Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSION The expression of FAT2 in gastric cancer was significantly associated with lymph node and distant metastases, and poor prognosis. FAT2 was also associated with the collective invasion and influenced the prognosis of those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luo-Qin Fu
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Ju Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Long Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First HospitalNingbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiu-Chong Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First HospitalNingbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Yu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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71
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Liu X, Sun L, Gursel DB, Cheng C, Huang S, Rademaker AW, Khan SA, Yin J, Kiyokawa H. The non-canonical ubiquitin activating enzyme UBA6 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition of mammary epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87480-87493. [PMID: 29152096 PMCID: PMC5675648 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination plays critical roles in the regulation of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors during carcinogenesis. The two ubiquitin activating enzymes (E1) in human genome, UBA1 and UBA6, initiate ubiquitination by ATP-dependent activation of ubiquitin. Recent evidence suggests that UBA1 and UBA6 play partially overlapped yet distinct roles in controlling the proteome. Here we demonstrate that ubiquitination pathways initiated specifically by UBA6 set a suppressive barrier against critical steps of mammary carcinogenesis such as loss of polarity, anoikis resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells expressing shRNA against UBA6 fail in establishing cell cycle arrest in response to detachment from extracellular matrix, confluency with fully engaged cell-cell contact or growth factor deprivation. Moreover, UBA6-deficient MCF-10A cells undergo spontaneous EMT under growth factor deprivation and exhibit accelerated kinetics of TGF-β-induced EMT. The Rho-GTPase CDC42 is one of the specific targets of UBA6-initiated ubiquitination and plays a key role in the function of UBA6 in controlling epithelial homeostasis, since a CDC42 inhibitor, ML141, rescues UBA6-deficient cells from the EMT phenotype. Immunohistochemical analysis of human breast cancer tissues demonstrates that 38% of invasive carcinomas express low or undetectable expression of UBA6, suggesting that downregulation of this non-canonical E1 plays a role in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Demirkan B Gursel
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Chonghui Cheng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.,Current/Present address: Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sui Huang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Alfred W Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Seema A Khan
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kiyokawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Schillaci O, Fontana S, Monteleone F, Taverna S, Di Bella MA, Di Vizio D, Alessandro R. Exosomes from metastatic cancer cells transfer amoeboid phenotype to non-metastatic cells and increase endothelial permeability: their emerging role in tumor heterogeneity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4711. [PMID: 28680152 PMCID: PMC5498501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to understand if exosomes derived from high-metastatic cells may influence the behavior of less aggressive cancer cells and the properties of the endothelium. We found that metastatic colon cancer cells are able to transfer their amoeboid phenotype to isogenic primary cancer cells through exosomes, and that this morphological transition is associated with the acquisition of a more aggressive behavior. Moreover, exosomes from the metastatic line (SW620Exos) exhibited higher ability to cause endothelial hyperpermeability than exosomes from the non metastatic line (SW480Exos). SWATH-based quantitative proteomic analysis highlighted that SW620Exos are significantly enriched in cytoskeletal-associated proteins including proteins activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway, known to induce amoeboid properties and destabilization of endothelial junctions. In particular, thrombin was identified as a key mediator of the effects induced by SW620Exos in target cells, in which we also found a significant increase of RhoA activity. Overall, our results demonstrate that in a heterogeneous context exosomes released by aggressive sub-clones can contribute to accelerate tumor progression by spreading malignant properties that affect both the tumor cell plasticity and the endothelial cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odessa Schillaci
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Monteleone
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Taverna
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery, Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
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Liu B, Xiong J, Liu G, Wu J, Wen L, Zhang Q, Zhang C. High expression of Rac1 is correlated with partial reversed cell polarity and poor prognosis in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317710908. [PMID: 28671041 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317710908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The change of cell polarity is usually associated with invasion and metastasis. Partial reverse cell polarity in IDC-NOS may play a role in lymphatic tumor spread. Rac1 is a kind of polarity related protein. It plays an important role in invasion and metastasis in tumors. We here investigated the expression of Rac1 and partial reverse cell polarity status in breast cancer and evaluated their value for prognosis in breast cancer. The association of the expression of Rac1 and MUC-1 with clinicopathological parameters and prognostic significance was evaluated in 162 cases of IDC-NOS paraffin-embedded tissues by immunohistochemical method. The Rac1 messenger RNA expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 30 breast cancer patients, which was divided into two groups of partial reverse cell polarity and no partial reverse cell polarity. We found that lymph node metastasis of partial reverse cell polarity patients was higher than no partial reverse cell polarity patients (Z = −4.030, p = 0.000). Rac1 was upregulated in partial reverse cell polarity group than no partial reverse cell polarity group (Z = −3.164, p = 0.002), and there was correlationship between the expression of Rac1 and partial reverse cell polarity status (rs = 0.249, p = 0.001). The level of Rac1 messenger RNA expression in partial reverse cell polarity group was significantly higher compared to no partial reverse cell polarity group (t = −2.527, p = 0.017). Overexpression of Rac1 and partial reverse cell polarity correlates with poor prognosis of IDC-NOS patients (p = 0.011). Partial reverse cell polarity and lymph node metastasis remained as independent predictors for poor disease-free survival of IDC-NOS (p = 0.023, p = 0.046). Our study suggests that partial reverse cell polarity may lead to poor prognosis of breast cancer. Overexpression of Rac1 may lead to polarity change in IDC-NOS of the breast. Therefore, Rac1 could be a therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guiqiu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Likun Wen
- Department of Pathology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanshan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
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MARK2 inhibits the growth of HeLa cells through AMPK and reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:237-244. [PMID: 28560405 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule affinity-regulating kinases (MARKs; MARK1, MARK2, MARK3 and MARK4) act directly downstream of LKB1, the multitasking tumor-suppressor kinase, and thereby mediate its biological effects. Current understanding of the function of MARKs is greatly restricted to regulation of cell polarity. However, whether or how MARKs contribute to cellular growth control remains largely unknown. In the present study, we utilized an inducible lentiviral expression system that allows rapid MARK expression in LKB1-deficient HeLa cells, and characterized additional functions of MARKs: overexpression of MARK2 in HeLa cells resulted in a decrease in cell growth, inhibition of colony formation and arrest in G1 cell cycle phase, with AMPK as the putative downstream effector upregulating the expression of p21 and p16. MARK2 was found to play a role in F-actin reorganization and to contribute to reversal of epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) as exemplified in the case of HeLa cells that exhibited phenotypic changes, reduced cell migration and invasion. Our findings unveil the coordinated regulation of cell growth and EMT mediated by MARK2, and also provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the anti-metastatic activity of MARK2.
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75
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Maninova M, Caslavsky J, Vomastek T. The assembly and function of perinuclear actin cap in migrating cells. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1207-1218. [PMID: 28101692 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stress fibers are actin bundles encompassing actin filaments, actin-crosslinking, and actin-associated proteins that represent the major contractile system in the cell. Different types of stress fibers assemble in adherent cells, and they are central to diverse cellular processes including establishment of the cell shape, morphogenesis, cell polarization, and migration. Stress fibers display specific cellular organization and localization, with ventral fibers present at the basal side, and dorsal fibers and transverse actin arcs rising at the cell front from the ventral to the dorsal side and toward the nucleus. Perinuclear actin cap fibers are a specific subtype of stress fibers that rise from the leading edge above the nucleus and terminate at the cell rear forming a dome-like structure. Perinuclear actin cap fibers are fixed at three points: both ends are anchored in focal adhesions, while the central part is physically attached to the nucleus and nuclear lamina through the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Here, we discuss recent work that provides new insights into the mechanism of assembly and the function of these actin stress fibers that directly link extracellular matrix and focal adhesions with the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslava Maninova
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Caslavsky
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vomastek
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Heng S, Evans J, Salamonsen LA, Jobling TW, Nie G. The significance of post-translational removal of α-DG-N in early stage endometrial cancer development. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81942-81952. [PMID: 29137235 PMCID: PMC5669861 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies affecting post-menopausal women, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Dystroglycan (DG) is a large glycoprotein, consisting of α- and β-subunits that are non-covalently associated with each other. Modifications to α-DG have been linked to a variety of cancers, where the N-terminus of α-DG (α-DG-N) is post-translationally removed by a furin-like enzyme. However, the functional significance of α-DG-N removal is unknown. Our previous studies have established that the α-DG cleavage enzyme furin is significantly up-regulated in endometrial cancer. This study aimed to investigate the importance of α-DG-N removal in post-menopausal endometrial cancer. We demonstrated that α-DG-N removal predominantly occurred in early stage endometrial cancer tissues, and that the cleaved α-DG-N was significantly elevated in the uterine lavage of early grade endometrial cancer patients. Furthermore, α-DG-N removal significantly decreased the tight junction integrity and polarity of the endometrial epithelial cells, promoting the loss of polarity markers scribble and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and reducing the trans-epithelial electrical resistance. The removal of α-DG-N also sensitized the cells for estrogen-dependent proliferation. These results strongly suggest that α-DG-N removal plays an important role in early stage development of endometrial cancer, and that the elevated levels of α-DG-N in uterine fluid may provide a biomarker for early detection of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophea Heng
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jemma Evans
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom W Jobling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Epworth Research Institute, Epworth Health Care, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guiying Nie
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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77
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Cicha I, Lyer S, Janko C, Friedrich RP, Pöttler M, Alexiou C. Magnetic nanoparticles for medical applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:825-829. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Cicha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glueckstr. 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glueckstr. 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glueckstr. 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glueckstr. 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina Pöttler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glueckstr. 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glueckstr. 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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78
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Tuccilli C, Baldini E, Arlot-Bonnemains Y, Chesnel F, Sorrenti S, De Vito C, D'Armiento E, Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Watutantrige S, Tartaglia F, Barollo S, Mian C, Arcieri S, Mascagni D, Pironi D, Bononi M, Vergine M, Monti M, Filippini A, Ulisse S. Expression and prognostic value of the cell polarity PAR complex members in thyroid cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1413-1422. [PMID: 28350047 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment and maintenance of the apical-basal cell polarity, required for proper replication, migration, specialized functions and tissue morphogenesis, relies on three evolutionary conserved complexes: PAR, CRUMBS and SCRIBBLE. Loss of cell polarity/cohesiveness (LOP/C) is implicated in cancer progression, and members of the polarity complex have been described as either oncogenes or oncosuppressors. However, no information on their role in thyroid cancer (TC) progression is available. In the present study, we evaluated the gene expression of the PAR complex members aPKCι, PARD3α/β and PARD6α/β/γ in 95 papillary TC (PTC), compared to their normal matched tissues and in 12 anaplastic TC (ATC). The mRNA and protein levels of investigated genes were altered in the majority of PTC and ATC tissues. In PTC, univariate analysis showed that reduced expression of aPKCι, PARD3β and PARD6γ mRNAs is associated with increased tumor size, and the reduced expression of PARD3β mRNA is associated also with recurrences. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of lymph node metastasis at diagnosis and the reduced expression of PARD3β are independent risk factors for recurrences, with hazard ratio, respectively, of 8.21 (p=0.006) and 3.04 (p=0.029). The latter result was confirmed by the Kaplan-Meier analysis, which evidenced the association between decreased PARD3β mRNA levels and shorter disease-free interval. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the expression of PAR complex components is deregulated in the majority of PTC and there is a general trend towards their reduction in ATC tissues. Moreover, a prognostic value for the PARD3β gene in PTCs is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tuccilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Frank Chesnel
- CNRS-UMR 6290 (IGDR) Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora D'Armiento
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Susi Barollo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Mian
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Arcieri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Mascagni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pironi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bononi
- Department of Surgery 'Pietro Valdoni', 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Vergine
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Monti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Filippini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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79
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Chen Y, Lu X, Montoya-Durango DE, Liu YH, Dean KC, Darling DS, Kaplan HJ, Dean DC, Gao L, Liu Y. ZEB1 Regulates Multiple Oncogenic Components Involved in Uveal Melanoma Progression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45. [PMID: 28246385 PMCID: PMC5428321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human uveal melanoma (UM) is a major ocular malignant tumor with high risk of metastasis and requires multiple oncogenic factors for progression. ZEB1 is a zinc finger E-box binding transcription factor known for participating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical cellular event for metastasis of malignant tumors of epithelium origin. ZEB1 is also expressed in UM and high expression of ZEB1 correlates with UM advancement, but has little effect on cell morphology. We show that spindle UM cells can become epithelioid but not vice versa; and ZEB1 exerts its tumorigenic effects by promoting cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, invasiveness, and dissemination. We provide evidence that ZEB1 binds not only to repress critical genes involving in pigment synthesis, mitosis, adherent junctions, but also to transactivate genes involving in matrix degradation and cellular locomotion to propel UM progression towards metastasis. We conclude that ZEB1 is a major oncogenic factor required for UM progression and could be a potential therapeutic target for treating UM in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Diego E Montoya-Durango
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Liu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China
| | - Kevin C Dean
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Douglas S Darling
- Periodontics, Endodontics, and Dental Hygiene, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ling Gao
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China.
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA. .,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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80
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Alzahrani F, Clattenburg L, Muruganandan S, Bullock M, MacIsaac K, Wigerius M, Williams BA, Graham MER, Rigby MH, Trites JRB, Taylor SM, Sinal CJ, Fawcett JP, Hart RD. The Hippo component YAP localizes in the nucleus of human papilloma virus positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 46:15. [PMID: 28222762 PMCID: PMC5320711 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-017-0187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HPV infection causes cervical cancer, mediated in part by the degradation of Scribble via the HPV E6 oncoprotein. Recently, Scribble has been shown to be an important regulator of the Hippo signaling cascade. Deregulation of the Hippo pathway induces an abnormal cellular transformation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, which promotes oncogenic progression. Given the recent rise in oropharyngeal HPV squamous cell carcinoma we sought to determine if Hippo signaling components are implicated in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Molecular and cellular techniques including immunoprecipiations, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry were used to identify the key Hippo pathway effector Yes-Associated Protein (YAP)1. Oropharyngeal tissue was collected from CO2 laser resections, and probed with YAP1 antibody in tumor and pre-malignant regions of HPV positive OPSCC tissue. RESULTS This study reveals that the Scribble binding protein Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 Adaptor Protein (NOS1AP) forms a complex with YAP. Further, the NOS1APa and NOS1APc isoforms show differential association with activated and non-activated YAP, and impact cellular proliferation. Consistent with deregulated Hippo signaling in OPSCC HPV tumors, we see a delocalization of Scribble and increased nuclear accumulation of YAP1 in an HPV-positive OPSCC. CONCLUSION Our preliminary data indicates that NOS1AP isoforms differentially associate with YAP1, which, together with our previous findings, predicts that loss of YAP1 enhances cellular transformation. Moreover, YAP1 is highly accumulated in the nucleus of HPV-positive OPSCC, implying that Hippo signaling and possibly NOS1AP expression are de-regulated in OPSCC. Further studies will help determine if NOS1AP isoforms, Scribble and Hippo components will be useful biomarkers in OPSCC tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Alzahrani
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - Martin Bullock
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn MacIsaac
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Michael Wigerius
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Blair A Williams
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - M Elise R Graham
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Matthew H Rigby
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jonathan R B Trites
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - S Mark Taylor
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - James P Fawcett
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Robert D Hart
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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81
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Baldanzi G, Bettio V, Malacarne V, Graziani A. Diacylglycerol Kinases: Shaping Diacylglycerol and Phosphatidic Acid Gradients to Control Cell Polarity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:140. [PMID: 27965956 PMCID: PMC5126041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) terminate diacylglycerol (DAG) signaling and promote phosphatidic acid (PA) production. Isoform specific regulation of DGKs activity and localization allows DGKs to shape the DAG and PA gradients. The capacity of DGKs to constrain the areas of DAG signaling is exemplified by their role in defining the contact interface between T cells and antigen presenting cells: the immune synapse. Upon T cell receptor engagement, both DGK α and ζ metabolize DAG at the immune synapse thus constraining DAG signaling. Interestingly, their activity and localization are not fully redundant because DGKζ activity metabolizes the bulk of DAG in the cell, whereas DGKα limits the DAG signaling area localizing specifically at the periphery of the immune synapse. When DGKs terminate DAG signaling, the local PA production defines a new signaling domain, where PA recruits and activates a second wave of effector proteins. The best-characterized example is the role of DGKs in protrusion elongation and cell migration. Indeed, upon growth factor stimulation, several DGK isoforms, such as α, ζ, and γ, are recruited and activated at the plasma membrane. Here, local PA production controls cell migration by finely modulating cytoskeletal remodeling and integrin recycling. Interestingly, DGK-produced PA also controls the localization and activity of key players in cell polarity such as aPKC, Par3, and integrin β1. Thus, T cell polarization and directional migration may be just two instances of the general contribution of DGKs to the definition of cell polarity by local specification of membrane identity signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy; Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune DiseasesNovara, Italy
| | - Valentina Bettio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy; Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune DiseasesNovara, Italy
| | - Valeria Malacarne
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy; Division of Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, University Vita e Salute San RaffaeleMilan, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy; Division of Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, University Vita e Salute San RaffaeleMilan, Italy
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82
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Rong D, Luo N, Mollet JC, Liu X, Yang Z. Salicylic Acid Regulates Pollen Tip Growth through an NPR3/NPR4-Independent Pathway. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1478-1491. [PMID: 27575693 PMCID: PMC7513929 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tip growth is a common strategy for the rapid elongation of cells to forage the environment and/or to target to long-distance destinations. In the model tip growth system of Arabidopsis pollen tubes, several small-molecule hormones regulate their elongation, but how these rapidly diffusing molecules control extremely localized growth remains mysterious. Here we show that the interconvertible salicylic acid (SA) and methylated SA (MeSA), well characterized for their roles in plant defense, oppositely regulate Arabidopsis pollen tip growth with SA being inhibitory and MeSA stimulatory. The effect of SA and MeSA was independent of known NPR3/NPR4 SA receptor-mediated signaling pathways. SA inhibited clathrin-mediated endocytosis in pollen tubes associated with an increased accumulation of less stretchable demethylated pectin in the apical wall, whereas MeSA did the opposite. Furthermore, SA and MeSA alter the apical activation of ROP1 GTPase, a key regulator of tip growth in pollen tubes, in an opposite manner. Interestingly, both MeSA methylesterase and SA methyltransferase, which catalyze the interconversion between SA and MeSA, are localized at the apical region of pollen tubes, indicating of the tip-localized production of SA and MeSA and consistent with their effects on the apical cellular activities. These findings suggest that local generation of a highly diffusible signal can regulate polarized cell growth, providing a novel mechanism of cell polarity control apart from the one involving protein and mRNA polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoyan Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, and Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nan Luo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, and Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jean Claude Mollet
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Xuanming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, and Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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83
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Lu X, Guo H, Chen X, Xiao J, Zou Y, Wang W, Chen Q. Effect of RhoC on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process induced by TGF-β1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3105-3112. [PMID: 27748883 PMCID: PMC5112615 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
According to recent research, Ras homolog gene family member C (RhoC) is confirmed to have a powerful regulatory effect on cell motility mediated by the cytoskeleton, and this process is closely associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. In addition, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process which causes cytoskeleton rearrangement, also plays a pivotal role in tumor invasion and metastasis.Consequently, in the present study, we aimed to ascertain whether RhoC has an effect on the EMT process induced by TGF-β1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells and whether RhoC promotes tumor invasion by mediating the occurrence of EMT. Based on the findings, we demonstrated that RhoC was an essential mediator of the EMT process in lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 which was evaluated by observing the morphological characteristics of the cells and by assessing the expression levels of two EMT marker proteins: E-cadherin and vimentin. During the process of EMT in the A549 cells induced by TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml), upregulated RhoC protein and RhoC activity were detected, which was associated with the enhanced invasive capability of the cells in vitro. Conversely, downregulation of the expression of RhoC by shRNA markedly impeded EMT progression as well as the invasion of A549 cells. Our results may provide a novel target towards the prevention of metastasis in advanced lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Honglan Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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84
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CD47 Promotes Tumor Invasion and Metastasis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29719. [PMID: 27411490 PMCID: PMC4944213 DOI: 10.1038/srep29719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
CD47 is overexpressed in many human cancers, its level positively correlates with tumor invasion and metastasis. However, it is largely unknown whether CD47 overexpression drives metastasis and how CD47 lead to tumor metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we analyzed NSCLC specimens and cell lines, and revealed that CD47 is expressed at a higher level than in tumor-free control samples. Furthermore, increased CD47 expression correlated with clinical staging, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying CD47 functions, we applied both gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches in cell lines. The siRNA-mediated downregulation of CD47 inhibited cell invasion and metastasis in vitro, while the overexpression of CD47 by plasmid transfection generated opposite effects. In vivo, CD47-specific shRNA significantly reduced tumor growth and metastasis. On the molecular level, the expression of CD47 correlated with that of Cdc42, both in cell lines and NSCLC specimens. The inhibition of Cdc42 attenuates the invasion and metastasis of CD47-overexpressing cells. These results indicate that Cdc42 is a downstream mediator of CD47-promoted metastasis. Our findings provide first evidence that CD47 is an adverse prognostic factor for disease progression and metastasis, and a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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