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Saffi MAL, Furtado MV, Polanczyk CA, Montenegro MM, Ribeiro IWJ, Kampits C, Haas AN, Rösing CK, Rabelo-Silva ER. Relationship between vascular endothelium and periodontal disease in atherosclerotic lesions: Review article. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:26-30. [PMID: 25632316 PMCID: PMC4306203 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies suggest that periodontal infection and the ensuing increase in the levels of inflammatory markers may be associated with myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. The present article aimed at reviewing contemporary data on the pathophysiology of vascular endothelium and its association with periodontitis in the scenario of cardiovascular disease.
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52
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Woelber JP, Bienas H, Fabry G, Silbernagel W, Giesler M, Tennert C, Stampf S, Ratka-Krüger P, Hellwig E. Oral hygiene-related self-efficacy as a predictor of oral hygiene behaviour: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:142-9. [PMID: 25472523 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess whether oral hygiene-related self-efficacy is correlated with current oral hygiene and might influence the outcome of oral hygiene instruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hundred and twenty-six patients filled out questionnaires about oral hygiene-related self-efficacy, general self-efficacy, oral hygiene-related knowledge and demographic variables. Plaque and gingival inflammation were measured and an individual oral hygiene plan was conducted. After 6 months, oral hygiene indices were assessed again. RESULTS Women had significantly higher scores in oral hygiene-related self-efficacy than men (women mean 60.40 ± 9.41; men mean 56.04 ± 11.55; p = 0.039) and oral hygiene-related self-efficacy was significantly correlated with general self-efficacy independent from the age of the patients (r = 0.3114, p = 0.0004). Higher scores in oral hygiene-related self-efficacy were significantly correlated with lower scores of gingival bleeding for non-smoking patients (r = -0.301, p = 0.0066), usage of a professional tooth cleaning within these 6 months (p = 0.0406), reappearance to the follow-up appointment (p = 0.0303), and higher goals in inter-dental cleaning plans (p = 0.0189). CONCLUSION Oral hygiene-related self-efficacy is an influencing factor in the oral hygiene behaviour and has the potential to predict patients' oral hygiene outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan P Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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53
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R. D. Z. Meusel D, C. Ramacciato J, H. L. Motta R, B. Brito Júnior R, M. Flório F. Impact of the severity of chronic periodontal disease on quality of life. J Oral Sci 2015; 57:87-94. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.57.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana C. Ramacciato
- Department of Pharmacology, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry and Research Center
| | - Rogério H. L. Motta
- Department of Pharmacology, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry and Research Center
| | - Rui B. Brito Júnior
- Department of Histology, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry and Research Center
| | - Flávia M. Flório
- Department of Public Health, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry and Research Center
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54
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Oppermann RV, Haas AN, Rösing CK, Susin C. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases in adults from Latin America. Periodontol 2000 2014; 67:13-33. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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55
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Susin C, Wagner MC, Haas AN, Oppermann RV, Albandar JM. The association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis in southern Brazilian adults. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:622-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Susin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology; College of Dental Medicine; Georgia Regents University; Augusta GA USA
| | - M. C. Wagner
- Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - A. N. Haas
- Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - R. V. Oppermann
- Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - J. M. Albandar
- Periodontal Diagnostics Research Laboratory; Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology; Temple University, School of Dentistry; Philadelphia PA USA
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56
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Costa RS, Rios FS, Moura MS, Jardim JJ, Maltz M, Haas AN. Prevalence and Risk Indicators of Dentin Hypersensitivity in Adult and Elderly Populations From Porto Alegre, Brazil. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1247-58. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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57
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HAAS AN, PANNUTI CM, ANDRADE AKPD, ESCOBAR EC, ALMEIDA ERD, COSTA FO, CORTELLI JR, CORTELLI SC, RODE SDM, PEDRAZZI V, OPPERMANN RV. Mouthwashes for the control of supragingival biofilm and gingivitis in orthodontic patients: evidence-based recommendations for clinicians. Braz Oral Res 2014; 28:1-8. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2014.vol28.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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58
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Feng P, Wang X, Casado PL, Küchler EC, Deeley K, Noel J, Kimm H, Kim JH, Haas AN, Quinelato V, Bonato LL, Granjeiro JM, Susin C, Vieira AR. Genome wide association scan for chronic periodontitis implicates novel locus. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:84. [PMID: 25008200 PMCID: PMC4096424 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence for a genetic contribution to chronic periodontitis. In this study, we conducted a genome wide association study among 866 participants of the University of Pittsburgh Dental Registry and DNA Repository, whose periodontal diagnosis ranged from healthy (N = 767) to severe chronic periodontitis (N = 99). METHODS Genotypingi of over half-million single nucleotide polymorphisms was determined. Analyses were done twice, first in the complete dataset of all ethnicities, and second including only samples defined as self-reported Whites. From the top 100 results, twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms had consistent results in both analyses (borderline p-values ranging from 1E-05 to 1E-6) and were selected to be tested in two independent datasets derived from 1,460 individuals from Porto Alegre, and 359 from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Meta-analyses of the Single nucleotide polymorphisms showing a trend for association in the independent dataset were performed. RESULTS The rs1477403 marker located on 16q22.3 showed suggestive association in the discovery phase and in the Porto Alegre dataset (p = 0.05). The meta-analysis suggested the less common allele decreases the risk of chronic periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Our data offer a clear hypothesis to be independently tested regarding the contribution of the 16q22.3 locus to chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Abstract
Risk factors play an important role in an individual's response to periodontal infection. Identification of these risk factors helps to target patients for prevention and treatment, with modification of risk factors critical to the control of periodontal disease. Shifts in our understanding of periodontal disease prevalence, and advances in scientific methodology and statistical analysis in the last few decades, have allowed identification of several major systemic risk factors for periodontal disease. The first change in our thinking was the understanding that periodontal disease is not universal, but that severe forms are found only in a portion of the adult population who show abnormal susceptibility. Analysis of risk factors and the ability to statistically adjust and stratify populations to eliminate the effects of confounding factors have allowed identification of independent risk factors. These independent but modifiable, risk factors for periodontal disease include lifestyle factors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption. They also include diseases and unhealthy conditions such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and low dietary calcium and vitamin D. These risk factors are modifiable and their management is a major component of the contemporary care of many periodontal patients. Genetic factors also play a role in periodontal disease and allow one to target individuals for prevention and early detection. The role of genetic factors in aggressive periodontitis is clear. However, although genetic factors (i.e., specific genes) are strongly suspected to have an association with chronic adult periodontitis, there is as yet no clear evidence for this in the general population. It is important to pursue efforts to identify genetic factors associated with chronic periodontitis because such factors have potential in identifying patients who have a high susceptibility for development of this disease. Many of the systemic risk factors for periodontal disease, such as smoking, diabetes and obesity, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, are relatively common and can be expected to affect most patients with periodontal disease seen in clinics and dental practices. Hence, risk factor identification and management has become a key component of care for periodontal patients.
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Vignoletti F, Nunez J, Sanz M. Soft tissue wound healing at teeth, dental implants and the edentulous ridge when using barrier membranes, growth and differentiation factors and soft tissue substitutes. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41 Suppl 15:S23-35. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vignoletti
- Department of Periodontology; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Nunez
- Department of Periodontology; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Department of Periodontology; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
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61
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Haas AN, Wagner MC, Oppermann RV, Rösing CK, Albandar JM, Susin C. Risk factors for the progression of periodontal attachment loss: a 5-year population-based study in South Brazil. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:215-23. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Nogueira Haas
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Marcius Comparsi Wagner
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Rui Vicente Oppermann
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Jasim M. Albandar
- Periodontal Diagnostics Research Laboratory; Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology; Temple University School of Dentistry; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Cristiano Susin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology; College of Dental Medicine; Georgia Regents University; Augusta GA USA
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62
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Oballe HJR, Gaio EJ, Spuldaro T, Cavagni J, Gomez R, Rösing CK. Effects of alcohol and/or tobacco exposure on spontaneous alveolar bone loss in rat. Braz Dent J 2014; 25:197-202. [PMID: 25252253 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of alcohol and/or tobacco exposure on spontaneous alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats. Twenty-four, male, 60 day-old, Wistar rats were assigned to 4 groups: Group 1 received 10 mL/kg of glucose solution (5%). Group 2 received 2 g/kg alcohol (20%). Group 3 was exposed to tobacco smoke (6 cigarettes/60 min). Group 4 received both interventions of groups 2 and 3. Alcohol was given by gastric gavage and cigarette exposure was performed using a forced ventilation chamber. After 30 days, animals were sacrificed and the upper maxillae removed and defleshed. Morphometric analysis of alveolar bone loss (ABL) around the second molar was performed in standardized digital photographs. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and occurrence of spontaneous periodontal disease (ABL ≥ 0.39 mm) was analyzed by Fisher's exact test. Significant differences in body weight were observed between all groups. Group 2 presented higher body weight as compared to the 3 other groups at 4 weeks (p≤0.05). Mean ABL values were 0.31 mm (±0.08), 0.29 mm (±0.07), 0.33 mm (±0.10), and 0.33 mm (±0.08) for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. No significant differences were found among groups. In the analysis of occurrence of periodontal breakdown, alcohol exposure decreased the occurrence of ABL and cigarette exposure increased ABL. The combination of alcohol and cigarette exposure did not differ from the control group. Alcohol consumption decreased the occurrence of periodontal breakdown, while tobacco increased this rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Juan Rivera Oballe
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Gaio
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tobias Spuldaro
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano Cavagni
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Gomez
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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63
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Figueiredo A, Soares S, Lopes H, dos Santos JN, Ramalho LMP, Cangussu MC, Cury PR. Destructive periodontal disease in adult Indians from Northeast Brazil: cross-sectional study of prevalence and risk indicators. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:1001-6. [PMID: 24164568 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of destructive periodontal disease and its risk indicators in adult Kiriri Indians from Northeast Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Full-mouth periodontal examinations were performed on a sample of 215 Indians (≥19 years). Bivariate analyses and logistic models were applied to assess associations between periodontitis and its putative risk factors. RESULTS Prevalence of clinical attachment loss of ≥3, ≥5 and ≥7 mm was 97.8%, 63.8% and 30.8% respectively. Percentage of teeth per individual showing clinical attachment loss of ≥3, ≥5 and ≥7 mm was 49.8%, 18.4% and 8.0% respectively. After adjustment for covariates, individuals aged ≥35 years (OR = 5.83, 95% CI: 3.09-11.00; p < 0.001), men (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.15-4.11; p = 0.02) and diabetics (OR = 3.92, 95% CI 1.03-14.99; p = 0.05) had a higher risk for destructive periodontitis, classified according to the CDC/AAP case definition. CONCLUSION Though periodontitis was highly prevalent in Kiriri Indians, only few teeth showed advanced disease, and periodontitis was associated with higher age, male sex and diabetes. A public health action that includes programs of prevention and treatment targeting high-risk groups is vital to improve the periodontal status of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Figueiredo
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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64
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Montenegro MM, Flores MF, Colussi PRG, Oppermann RV, Haas AN, Rösing CK. Factors associated with self-reported use of mouthwashes in southern Brazil in 1996 and 2009. Int J Dent Hyg 2013; 12:103-7. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MM Montenegro
- Department of Periodontology; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - MF Flores
- Department of Periodontology; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - PRG Colussi
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Department of Periodontology; University of Passo Fundo; Passo Fundo Brazil
| | - RV Oppermann
- Department of Periodontology; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - AN Haas
- Department of Periodontology; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - CK Rösing
- Department of Periodontology; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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65
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Pinto TMP, de Freitas GC, Dutra DA, Kantorski KZ, Moreira CH. Frequency of mechanical removal of plaque as it relates to gingival inflammation: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:948-54. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M. P. Pinto
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Stomatology; Dental School; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Guilherme C. de Freitas
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Stomatology; Dental School; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Danilo A. Dutra
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Stomatology; Dental School; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Karla Z. Kantorski
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Stomatology; Dental School; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Carlos H. Moreira
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Stomatology; Dental School; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
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Bertoldi C, Lalla M, Pradelli JM, Cortellini P, Lucchi A, Zaffe D. Risk factors and socioeconomic condition effects on periodontal and dental health: A pilot study among adults over fifty years of age. Eur J Dent 2013; 7:336-346. [PMID: 24926214 PMCID: PMC4053623 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.115418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies on the association among systemic/general and oral cavity indices, tooth loss, periodontal conditions, and socioeconomic inequalities are to be still performed in the population of Southern Europe. This study aims to determine the extent of this relationship among Italian healthy adults 50 years of age and above. MATERIALS AND METHODS Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, cardiovascular indicators, and systemic indices were examined by contrasting the dental indices among adult people of Northern Italy. Data were processed through correlation analysis, and multivariate analysis was carried out using seemingly unrelated regressions. RESULTS A total of 118 adults 50 years of age and above, after anamnesis, underwent systemic and dental examination. Their socioeconomic status was found to be inversely associated only with smoking and dental parameters. Unexpected outcomes between lifestyle and risk factors were detected. The statistical analysis showed an uneven correlation among dental indices and between those indices and the socioeconomic status, such as, a periodontal condition, apparently free from influences, unusually became worse as the socioeconomic status enhanced. CONCLUSIONS The study outcomes indicate a relationship between tooth loss and conservative endodontic therapy, but they result in alternative choices. Nevertheless, the socioeconomic status has an inverse relationship with tooth loss and conservative endodontic therapy, but a direct relation with worsening of the periodontal condition. This pilot study highlights a need for the public health administration to adopt a socioeconomic assessment not only based on the household income, but also to accordingly improve its therapeutic course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bertoldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Lalla
- Department of Economics, Division of Statistics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Lucchi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Zaffe
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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67
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De Marco AC, Cardoso CG, De Marco FVC, Melo Filho ABD, Santamaria MP, Jardini MAN. Oral condition of critical patients and its correlation with ventilator-associated pneumonia: a pilot study. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1807-25772013000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Literature has reported inadequate oral hygiene conditions in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients and the occurrence of Ventilator-associated pneumonia in about 9%-27% of all intubated patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate ICU patient's oral conditions and correlate this with the presence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty-three patients were categorized in the following way: with periodontal disease and ventilator-associated pneumonia, with periodontal disease and without ventilator-associated pneumonia, without periodontal disease and with ventilator-associated pneumonia, and with neither periodontal disease nor ventilator-associated pneumonia. The periodontal disease index, plaque index, and decay-missing-filled index were used in the assessment. RESULT: There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of periodontal disease with respect to ventilator-associated pneumonia, but the number of teeth and surfaces with attachment loss above 4 mm was always greater in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. CONCLUSION: The extent of periodontal disease may contribute to the onset of ventilator-associated pneumonia. However, studies with a larger sample are needed to validate this relationship.
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68
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Oppermann RV, Weidlich P, Musskopf ML. Periodontal disease and systemic complications. Braz Oral Res 2013; 26 Suppl 1:39-47. [PMID: 23318743 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012000700007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases comprise a number of infectious and inflammatory conditions brought about by the interaction between supragingival and subgingival biofilms and the host inflammatory response. Periodontal diseases should be considered systemic conditions. This means that they are both modulated by the body's systems and play a role as a risk factor for systemic derangements. The current evidence supports some of these interactions, such as smoking as a risk factor for periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus, as both influenced by and influencing inflammatory changes in the periodontal tissue. Other potential associations are still being researched, such as obesity, hormonal changes, cardiovascular disease, and adverse outcomes in pregnancy. These, and others, still require further investigation before the repercussions of periodontal disease can be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, at the present time, the treatment of periodontal diseases-and, most importantly, their prevention-enables adequate intervention as a means of ensuring periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Vicente Oppermann
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Univ Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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69
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Greggianin BF, Oliveira SC, Haas AN, Oppermann RV. The incidence of gingival fissures associated with toothbrushing: crossover 28-day randomized trial. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:319-26. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Frizon Greggianin
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Sara Cioccari Oliveira
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alex Nogueira Haas
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Rui Vicente Oppermann
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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70
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La patologia orale tabacco-correlata. DENTAL CADMOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(13)70007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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71
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WITHDRAWN: La patologia orale tabacco-correlata. DENTAL CADMOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cadmos.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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72
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Angst PDM, Dutra DAM, Moreira CHC, Kantorski KZ. Periodontal status and its correlation with haematological parameters in patients with leukaemia. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:1003-10. [PMID: 22909091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional study evaluated periodontal status in patients with leukaemia and its correlation with haematological parameters. METHODS Patients with different types of leukaemia and minimum age of 14 years were eligible. Calibrated examiners assessed Seymour index (SI), plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) and performed an interview. Haematological parameters were obtained from haemogram performed on the same day of the periodontal examinations. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients were evaluated, which corresponded to an 85% response rate. Periodontal parameters were in agreement with plaque accumulation (PlI 1.28 ± 0.5, GI 0.74 ± 0.4, PD 2.27 ± 0.6, BOP 33%, CAL 2.31 ± 1.6). PlI and CAL were statistically lower in acute leukaemia (1.13 ± 0.61 and 1.96 ± 1.7) in comparison with chronic leukaemia (1.46 ± 0.44 and 2.74 ± 1.4). Moreover, older age (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27-1.56), higher educational level (CI: -1.94 to -0.64) and smoker (CI: 0.39-1.96) were associated with CAL. Correlation between periodontal and haematological parameters was not observed. Correlations between GI x SI and PD x SI were statistically significant (r(S) = 0.390, p = 0.001; r(S) = 0.517, p = 0.000 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Periodontal parameters were consistent with plaque accumulation and did not correlate with haematological parameters irrespective of the leukaemia type.
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Fiorini T, Susin C, da Rocha JM, Weidlich P, Vianna P, Moreira CHC, Bogo Chies JA, Rösing CK, Oppermann RV. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on serum and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine levels during pregnancy and postpartum. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:126-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Gaio EJ, Haas AN, Carrard VC, Oppermann RV, Albandar J, Susin C. Oral health status in elders from South Brazil: a population-based study. Gerodontology 2012; 29:214-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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75
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Fiorini T, Vianna P, Weidlich P, Musskopf ML, Moreira CHC, Chies JAB, Rösing CK, Oppermann RV, Susin C. Relationship between cytokine levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in pregnant women. Cytokine 2012; 58:34-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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76
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Zanatta FB, Moreira CHC, Rösing CK. Association between dental floss use and gingival conditions in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012; 140:812-21. [PMID: 22133946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence comparing periodontal conditions in orthodontic patients who regularly use or do not use dental floss is scarce. METHODS The subjects were 330 patients who had been under fixed orthodontic treatment for at least 6 months. They were examined by 1 calibrated examiner for plaque and gingival indexes, probing pocket depths, clinical attachment losses, and excessive resin around brackets. Socioeconomic background, time with orthodontic appliances, and use of dental floss were assessed in interviews. Unadjusted and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations. RESULTS The results demonstrated statistically significant higher means of plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth, and clinical attachment loss for nonusers of dental floss. Intragroup analyses showed higher means of these parameters in proximal sites and posterior teeth, compared with their counterparts' buccal and lingual sites and anterior teeth, respectively. After multivariate analysis, male subjects (P = 0.044) with a household income less than 5 national minimum wages (P = 0.044), and nonusers of dental floss (P = 0.000) showed higher probabilities of gingival bleeding (>30%) than did their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Orthodontic patients who use dental floss regularly have somewhat better gingival conditions than those who do not use floss.
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Ababneh KT, Abu Hwaij ZMF, Khader YS. Prevalence and risk indicators of gingivitis and periodontitis in a multi-centre study in North Jordan: a cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2012; 12:1. [PMID: 22214223 PMCID: PMC3271955 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-12-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are limited data about the epidemiology and risk factors/indicators of gingivitis, aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) in Jordan. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk indicators of gingivitis, AgP and CP. Methods A sample of 595 subjects was randomly selected from subjects escorting out-patients attending a Medical Center, a Dental Teaching Hospital, and 2 private dental clinics. The socio-demographic variables, oral hygiene habits, income, smoking and Body Mass Index (BMI) were recorded. Full mouth periodontal examination was performed, and radiographs were taken for sites with probing depth > 3 mm. Results About 76% had gingivitis, 2.2% had AgP and 5.5% had CP. Periodontitis was more frequent among males than females with a M: F ratio of 1.6:1 and the prevalence increased with age. Subjects who reported not using a tooth brush, smokers and subjects with BMI > 30 kg/m2 had significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis. The risk for periodontitis was greater among subjects who reported positive family history and subjects with ≤ 12 years of education. Conclusions This is the first study to report on the prevalence of gingivitis, CP and AgP in North Jordanian. Age, low education, low frequency of tooth brushing and family history were significantly associated with increased risk of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khansa Taha Ababneh
- Periodontology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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78
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Angst PDM, Dutra DAM, Moreira CHC, Kantorski KZ. Gingival inflammation and platelet count in patients with leukemia: preliminary results. Braz Oral Res 2011; 25:544-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242011000600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Haas AN, Gaio EJ, Oppermann RV, Rösing CK, Albandar JM, Susin C. Pattern and rate of progression of periodontal attachment loss in an urban population of South Brazil: a 5-years population-based prospective study. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 39:1-9. [PMID: 22093104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this 5-years longitudinal study was to investigate the pattern and rate of periodontal attachment loss (PAL) progression in an urban population in South Brazil. METHODS In 2001, a multistage probability sampling strategy was used to derive a representative sample of 1,465 dentate individuals from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Five years later, 697 dentate individuals (294M/403F, mean age: 37.9 ± 13.3) were available for follow-up. PAL was assessed by calibrated examiners using a full-mouth protocol. Estimates of proximal PAL progression and standard errors (SE) are reported. RESULTS Fifty-six per cent (SE: 1.9) and 36% (SE: 1.8) of subjects showed PAL progression ≥3 mm affecting ≥2 and ≥4 teeth respectively. PAL progression ≥3 mm was mostly localized affecting 3.8 (SE: 0.2) teeth and 5.7 (SE: 0.3) sites. Annual PAL progression was, on average, 0.3 mm (SE: 0.01). Significant differences in PAL progression were observed according to age, gender, race and socioeconomic status. PAL progression increased with age reaching the highest progression rate in the 40-49 years cohort, and then decreased in older age groups. PAL progression was consistently higher among males and non-Whites than females and whites. CONCLUSION A large proportion of this urban Brazilian sample was affected by PAL progression underscoring the need for health promotion initiatives aiming at preventing progression of destructive periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Nogueira Haas
- Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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80
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Britto IMPA, Aguiar-Oliveira MH, Oliveira-Neto LA, Salvatori R, Souza AHO, Araujo VP, Corraini P, Pannuti CM, Romito GA, Pustiglioni FE. Periodontal disease in adults with untreated congenital growth hormone deficiency: a case-control study. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38:525-31. [PMID: 21488932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations between isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) and periodontal attachment loss (PAL) in adults affected by congenital IGHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five previously identified IGHD subjects were eligible for this study. The final study sample comprised 32 cases (gender:20M/12F; age:44.8 ± 17.5) matched for age, gender, diabetes, smoking status and income to 32 controls (non-IGHD subjects). Participants were submitted to a full-mouth clinical examination of six sites per tooth and were interviewed using a structured, written questionnaire. Periodontitis was defined as proximal PAL≥5 mm affecting ≥30% of teeth. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the percentage of sites with visible plaque between IGHD and non-IGHD subjects (59.4% versus 46.9%, p=0.32). IGHD subjects had significant less supragingival calculus (31.3% versus 59.4%, p=0.02) and more bleeding on probing (71.9% versus 18.8%, p<0.01) than controls. PAL≥5 mm was significantly more prevalent (100% versus 71.9%, p<0.01) and affected more teeth (30.5% versus 6.7%, p<0.01) in cases than in controls. After adjusting for supragingival calculus, IGHD cases had a higher likelihood of having periodontitis than controls (OR=17.4-17.8, 95% CI=2.3-134.9, p=0.004-0.005). CONCLUSION Congenital IGHD subjects have a greater chance of having PAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M P Araujo Britto
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rheu GB, Ji S, Ryu JJ, Lee JB, Shin C, Lee JY, Huh JB, Shin SW. Risk assessment for clinical attachment loss of periodontal tissue in Korean adults. J Adv Prosthodont 2011; 3:25-32. [PMID: 21503190 PMCID: PMC3076570 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2011.3.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and extent of clinical attachment loss of periodontal tissue and to find out variables related to clinical attachment loss (CAL) in Korean adults older than 40 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from 2,519 subjects who were part of a cohort study conducted in Ansan city by Korea University Medical School for Korean Genome project. Age, sex, smoking, drinking, fast glucose, blood pressure, obesity and total cholesterol levels were examined. The oral examination included probing pocket depth, gingival recession and CAL of Ramford's teeth. The severity of periodontitis was classified based on the mean value of CAL. The relationship between each risk factor and the severity of CAL was independently estimated using the chi-square test, the test or one-way ANOVA. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the significance of each factor in the periodontal disease. RESULTS The prevalences of clinical attachment between 1 and 3 mm, between 3 and < 5 mm, and ≥ 5 mm were 80.27%, 16.75% and < 1%, respectively. Although the univariate analysis showed age, gender, smoking, fasting glucose, blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were significantly related to the severity of CAL, multiple regression analysis indicated that age (P < .0001), gender (P < .0001) and smoking (P < .05) were only significantly related. CONCLUSION Older age, male gender and smoking were significant risk factor for the increase of CAL, and these may be useful indicators of periodontitis high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Bak Rheu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Gamonal J, Mendoza C, Espinoza I, Muñoz A, Urzúa I, Aranda W, Carvajal P, Arteaga O. Clinical attachment loss in Chilean adult population: First Chilean National Dental Examination Survey. J Periodontol 2011; 81:1403-10. [PMID: 20629544 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from national surveys regarding the periodontal status of the adult population in Latin America are scarce. The aim of this study assesses the prevalence and extension of clinical attachment loss (AL) in the adult population of Chile. Age, sex, and sociodemographic and behavioral differences in the prevalence of clinical AL are also examined. METHODS A stratified, multistage probability design formula was used to separate the adult Chilean population into two age cohorts. The first group consisted of 1,092 young adults (age range: 35 to 44 years), and the second group consisted of 469 adult seniors (age range: 65 to 74 years). All subjects were examined to measure clinical AL. The research also included an evaluation, conducted through oral interviews, of social and health aspects of the subjects. Clinical AL was measured in all teeth surfaces, excluding third molars. Results were analyzed using a multivariable model and logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 93.45% of the young adults had ≥ 1 site with clinical AL >3 mm compared with 97.58% of the adult seniors, with an average of 6.51 and 15.81 missing teeth, respectively (P <0.05). The number of sites with severe clinical AL (>6 mm) was 38.65% in young adults and 69.35% in senior adults (P <0.05). Clinical AL was significantly higher in males than in females (P <0.05). The multivariate analyses identified that the main risk indicators for clinical AL >6 mm in ≥ 1 site were: age (65 to 74 years), sex (male) low education level (<or=12 years of education), and smoking (P <0.05). CONCLUSION The adult population in Chile shows a high prevalence and extension of clinical AL with age, sex, education level, and smoking as the main risk indicators of severe clinical AL in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gamonal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Shiau HJ, Reynolds MA. Sex differences in destructive periodontal disease: a systematic review. J Periodontol 2011; 81:1379-89. [PMID: 20450376 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dimorphisms exist in the prevalence and severity of many human conditions and diseases. Models of risk assessment for periodontitis, however, are inconsistent with respect to the inclusion of sex as a risk factor. A systematic review of the literature and meta-analyses estimates sex-related differences in the prevalence of periodontitis. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases were searched for population surveys (sample size >500, half-mouth minimum, clinical attachment level) containing prevalence data on destructive periodontal disease in males and females. RESULTS Data were stratified by disease thresholds (3, 4, 5, and 7 mm) representing 50,604 subjects from 12 population surveys meeting selection criteria. Using a ≥ 5-mm clinical attachment loss threshold, seven studies provided data, permitting computation of mean-weighted sex differences in prevalence. Four studies provided data enabling a meta-analysis of prevalence rates. Sex exhibited a significant association with prevalence, reflecting a 9% difference between males and females (37.4% versus 28.1%, respectively), although the overall effect of sex in the meta-analysis was comparatively small (d = 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.16 and 0.22). This mean difference in prevalence between males and females was similar regardless of severity of disease threshold and after adjustment for other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Men appear at greater risk for destructive periodontal disease than women; however, men do not appear at higher risk for more rapid periodontal destruction than women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harlan J Shiau
- Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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84
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Susin C, Haas AN, Valle PM, Oppermann RV, Albandar JM. Prevalence and risk indicators for chronic periodontitis in adolescents and young adults in south Brazil. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38:326-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bastos JL, Boing AF, Peres KG, Antunes JLF, Peres MA. Periodontal outcomes and social, racial and gender inequalities in Brazil: a systematic review of the literature between 1999 and 2008. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2011; 27 Suppl 2:S141-53. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2011001400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to review the Brazilian epidemiologic literature on periodontal outcomes and socio-demographic factors, assessing bibliographic and methodological characteristics of this scientific production, as well as the consistency and statistical significance of the examined associations. A systematic review was carried out in six bibliographic sources. The review was limited to the period between 1999 and 2008, without any other type of restriction. Among the 410 papers identified, 29 were included in the review. An increasing number of articles, specifically in the last four years of study, was observed. However, there is a concentration of studies in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, and many of them are not closely connected to theoretical formulations in the field. In spite of these shortcomings, the review findings corroborate the idea that poor socioeconomic conditions are associated with periodontal outcomes, as demonstrated primarily by income and schooling indicators.
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86
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Mendes DC, Poswar FDO, de Oliveira MVM, Haikal DS, da Silveira MF, Martins AMEDBL, De Paula AMB. Analysis of socio-demographic and systemic health factors and the normative conditions of oral health care in a population of the Brazilian elderly. Gerodontology 2010; 29:e206-14. [PMID: 21083742 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2010.00446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of socio-demographic and systemic health factors according to the normative conditions of oral health care (dental caries, edentulism, periodontal disease and oral mucosal lesion) in elderly individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in a group of elderly with access to community health care (n = 200). The normative conditions of oral health were then investigated according to the WHO and the SB Brazil criteria. Bivariate analyses were evaluated by the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. An estimation of prevalence for the covariates was performed using Poisson's regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of edentulism and oral mucosal lesions was detected in 58% and 21.5% of elderly patients, respectively. In the dentate subjects, the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease was 51.2% and 20.8%, respectively. Older men and individuals from lower-income groups exhibited a higher prevalence of dental caries. Elderly women, illiterate individuals, and individuals over the age of 65 years exhibited a higher prevalence of edentulism. Elderly 60-64 years old and those who are employed had a significant association with periodontal disease. CONCLUSION Socio-demographic factors were associated with some notable oral diseases in the elderly.
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87
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Shiau HJ, Reynolds MA. Sex differences in destructive periodontal disease: exploring the biologic basis. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1505-17. [PMID: 20594052 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies provide broad-based evidence that men are at greater risk for developing destructive periodontal disease than women, even after adjusting for behavioral and environmental factors, such as oral hygiene practice and smoking. What requires clarification, however, is whether sex-specific differences in immune function provide a plausible biologic basis for a sexual dimorphism in susceptibility to destructive periodontal disease. This review examines evidence that might provide an underlying biologic basis for a sexual dimorphism in the prevalence and severity of destructive periodontal disease. METHODS A narrative review of the literature related to sexual dimorphism in pathogen-mediated inflammatory diseases and immune response was retrieved from searches of computerized databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, and SCOPUS). RESULTS Sex steroids exert profound effects on multiple immunologic parameters regulating both the amplification and resolution of inflammation. Strong evidence exists for sexual dimorphisms in immune function, involving both innate and acquired immunity. Injury and infection have been associated with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, in men than women, paralleling observed sex-specific differences in periodontitis. CONCLUSION Differential gene regulation, particularly in sex steroid-responsive genes, may contribute to a sexual dimorphism in susceptibility to destructive periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harlan J Shiau
- Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Aichelmann-Reidy ME, Wrigley DL, Gunsolley JC. HIV infection and bone loss due to periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2010; 81:877-84. [PMID: 20450367 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.070675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study is to determine whether HIV infection or high-risk behaviors associated with HIV infection are related to alveolar bone loss in a sample of subjects screened at a dental school clinic. METHODS Subjects were included in this study (N = 355) if they were HIV positive or had high-risk behaviors associated with HIV infection as identified by health risk behavior screening questionnaire. Bone loss measurements were obtained from radiographs. Both bivariate relationships and multivariate relationships between alveolar bone loss and three sets of variables were evaluated: high-risk behavior questions, demographic variables, and HIV infection. RESULTS The following variables were found related to alveolar bone loss in bivariate relationships: age (P < or = 0.0001); smoking (pack-years) (P < or = 0.0001); race (P < or = 0.002); gender (P < or = 0.032); male-male sex (P <0.001); diabetes (P < or = 0.015); sharing of needles (P < or = 0.02); and hepatitis C positive (P < or = 0.05). In the multiple regression model, age, smoking, race, gender, and male-male sex remained significant. In both analyses, HIV-positive individuals had similar bone loss compared to those who were HIV negative. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HIV infection is not related to alveolar bone loss in individuals with high-risk behaviors for HIV infection. These results also suggest that previously reported relationships between HIV infection and increased alveolar bone loss may be explained by other factors, such as smoking. Individuals in this study population with risk behaviors associated with HIV infection smoked at a high rate and, because of the smoking behavior, have a high rate of periodontal disease.
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Carrard VC, Haas AN, Rados PV, Filho MS, Oppermann RV, Albandar JM, Susin C. Prevalence and risk indicators of oral mucosal lesions in an urban population from South Brazil. Oral Dis 2010; 17:171-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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90
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Martínez-Pabón MC, Martínez-Gaviria A, Isaza-Guzmán DM, Muskus-López CE, Tobón-Arroyave SI. Confounding and interaction effect ofTreponema denticolasalivary carriage in chronic periodontitis. Oral Dis 2010; 16:278-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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91
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Haas AN, Rösing CK, Oppermann RV, Albandar JM, Susin C. Association among menopause, hormone replacement therapy, and periodontal attachment loss in southern Brazilian women. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1380-7. [PMID: 19722786 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association among menopause, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and periodontal attachment loss (PAL). METHODS Three hundred twenty-eight women (40 to 69 years old) who participated in a previous oral survey in South Brazil were included. Women who reported not having their monthly menstrual cycles for >or=12 months were classified as postmenopausal. Postmenopausal women were categorized according to HRT. Women with >or=30% teeth with PAL >or=5 mm were classified as having periodontitis. The data were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model and adjusted for age, smoking, socioeconomic status, and dental care. RESULTS The prevalence of periodontitis was significantly greater among postmenopausal women not using HRT (HRT-) than among premenopausal women (64.4% versus 46.3%; P = 0.005). Similarly, the multivariable analysis demonstrated a significantly higher chance of having periodontitis in postmenopausal HRT- women than in premenopausal women (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 to 4.0). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of periodontitis between postmenopausal women using HRT (HRT+) and premenopausal women (48.8% versus 46.3%; P = 0.77). After adjusting for cofactors, postmenopausal HRT+ women did not have a greater likelihood of having periodontitis than premenopausal women (OR, 1.2; 95% CI: 0.6 to 2.5). No significant differences in tooth loss were observed among the study groups after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Postmenopausal HRT- women had a greater chance of having periodontitis than premenopausal women. In contrast, postmenopausal HRT+ women and premenopausal women had similar periodontal status. HRT may have a beneficial effect on periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex N Haas
- Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Moreira CHC, Zanatta FB, Antoniazzi R, Meneguetti PC, Rösing CK. Criteria adopted by dentists to indicate the extraction of periodontally involved teeth. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 15:437-41. [PMID: 19089175 PMCID: PMC4327266 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572007000500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When dealing with patients with periodontal disease of variable severities, dentists must often choose between treating and restoring the involved tooth or indicating its extraction. Different criteria have been adopted in this decision-making process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the criteria adopted by dentists to indicate the extraction of teeth with periodontitis. Dentists were interviewed at their private practices in three cities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The evaluated criteria included severity of attachment loss, tooth mobility, furcation involvement, prosthetic planning, periodontal-endodontic lesion, possible systemic involvement due to the presence of periodontitis, referral to a periodontist for evaluation, radiographic bone loss greater than 50%, presence of extensive caries, socio-economic and cultural status of the patient, among others. The most often adopted criteria to indicate the extraction of periodontally affected teeth were the presence of mobility (37.5%), severity of attachment loss (24.3%) and radiographic bone loss greater than 50% (21.2%). The results of the present study demonstrated the difficulties faced by dentists to indicate the extraction of teeth with severe attachment loss, in addition to the establishment of an adequate prognosis. Aspects associated with the past disease were still the most often reported to indicate the extraction of teeth for periodontal reasons.
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93
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Silva-Boghossian CM, Luiz RR, Colombo APV. Periodontal Status, Sociodemographic, and Behavioral Indicators in Subjects Attending a Public Dental School in Brazil: Analysis of Clinical Attachment Loss. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1945-54. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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94
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Holtfreter B, Schwahn C, Biffar R, Kocher T. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases in the study of health in Pomerania. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36:114-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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95
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Almeida TFD, Vianna MIP, Santana VS, Gomes Filho IS. Occupational exposure to acid mists and periodontal attachment loss. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2009; 24:495-502. [PMID: 18327437 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2008000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the hypotheses that occupational exposure to acid mists is positively associated with periodontal disease, assessed by periodontal attachment loss. The study sample included 530 male workers at a metal processing factory. Data were obtained from interviews and oral examinations. Periodontal attachment loss was defined as >or= 4mm at probing, in at least one tooth. A job exposure matrix was utilized for exposure evaluation. Exposure to acid mists was positively associated with periodontal attachment loss >or= 4mm at any time (prevalence ratio, PR(adjusted) = 2.17), past (PR(adjusted) = 2.11), and over 6 years of exposure (PR(adjusted) = 1.77), independently of age, alcohol consumption, and smoking, and these results were limited to workers who did not use dental floss. Exposure to acid mists is a potential risk factor for periodontal attachment loss, and further studies are needed, using longitudinal designs and more accurate exposure measures.
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96
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Múfalo PS, Kaizer RDOF, Dalben GDS, de Almeida ALPF. Comparison of periodontal parameters in individuals with syndromic craniosynostosis. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 17:13-20. [PMID: 19148400 PMCID: PMC4327608 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572009000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis syndromes are characterized by premature closure of one or more cranial sutures, associated with other malformations, the most frequent of which are the Crouzon and Apert syndromes. Few studies in the literature have addressed the oral health of these individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare the periodontal status of individuals with Apert, Crouzon, Pfeiffer and Saethre-Chotzen syndromes before toothbrushing and compare the efficiency of plaque removal before and after mechanical toothbrushing. The probing depth, plaque index (according to Löe and O'Leary), clinical attachment level, gingival index (according to Silness and Löe) and amount of keratinized mucosa were evaluated before toothbrushing, and the O'Leary plaque index was assessed before and immediately after toothbrushing, on the same day, in 27 individuals aged 11 to 36 years. There was statistically significant difference in the mean probing depth and clinical attachment level among regions (p=0.00; p=0.01, respectively). The gingival index did not reveal statistically significant differences. With regard to the plaque index, the left region exhibited higher plaque index values than the right and anterior regions. No significant results were found in the analysis of keratinized mucosa. Comparison of the O'Leary plaque index before and after toothbrushing revealed statistically significant difference for all syndromes except for the Pfeiffer syndrome (p<0.05). In conclusion, there was no difference in the periodontal status among individuals with syndromic craniosynostosis. The posterior region was more affected than the anterior region as to the presence of plaque, loss of insertion and probing depth. Individuals with Pfeiffer syndrome exhibited greater toothbrushing efficiency than individuals with the other craniosynostosis syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Simões Múfalo
- DDS, Specialists in Periodontics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosane de Oliveira Fortes Kaizer
- DDS, Specialists in Periodontics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele da Silva Dalben
- DDS, MSc, PhD in Oral Pathology, Pediatric Dentist, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Pompéia Fraga de Almeida
- PhD in Oral Rehabilitation, Periodontist, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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97
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Corraini P, Baelum V, Pannuti CM, Pustiglioni AN, Romito GA, Pustiglioni FE. Risk Indicators for Increased Probing Depth in an Isolated Population in Brazil. J Periodontol 2008; 79:1726-34. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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98
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Corraini P, Baelum V, Pannuti CM, Pustiglioni AN, Romito GA, Pustiglioni FE. Periodontal attachment loss in an untreated isolated population of Brazil. J Periodontol 2008; 79:610-20. [PMID: 18380553 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, extent, and severity of clinical attachment loss (CAL) and to investigate the association of demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk indicators with CAL in an untreated isolated population in Brazil. METHODS All subjects aged > or =12 years were identified by a census. Participants were submitted to a full-mouth clinical examination of six sites per tooth and were interviewed using a structured, written questionnaire. RESULTS Among the 214 subjects who were interviewed and examined clinically, CAL > or =5 mm in at least one site was observed in 8% of the 12- to 19-year-olds and in all dentate subjects > or =50 years of age; the age-dependent prevalence of CAL > or =7 mm in at least one site ranged from 5% among 12- to 19-year-olds to 83% among subjects > or =50 years old. Multivariate analysis identified plaque (odds ratio [OR] = 2.8), supragingival calculus (OR = 2.9 to 10.6), age > or =30 years (OR = 11.4), and smoking (OR = 2.4) as risk indicators for CAL > or =5 mm and smoking (OR = 8.2) as a risk indicator for CAL > or =7 mm. CONCLUSIONS CAL is highly prevalent in this isolated population. The high occurrence of CAL in young age groups and the confirmation of traditional risk indicators for CAL in this study suggest that other factors, such as host susceptibility, may be needed to explain the high levels of CAL found. Age and behavioral factors were risk indicators associated significantly with the CAL found in this population and may be useful indicators of high-risk subjects for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Corraini
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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99
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Kingman A, Susin C, Albandar JM. Effect of partial recording protocols on severity estimates of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:659-67. [PMID: 18513337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aim was to assess bias magnitudes of periodontal disease severity estimates for specific partial recording protocols (PRPs) in epidemiological studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Estimates of mean clinical attachment loss (MCAL) and mean probing pocket depth (MPPD) were derived for 20 different PRPs using full-mouth periodontal data from 1437 dentate Brazilian subjects 14-103 years old having at least four teeth. Biases, relative biases and intra-class correlations for all PRPs were evaluated. Graphical methods were used to assess how well the PRP-based estimates agreed with full-mouth scores across levels of disease. RESULTS Slightly higher levels of disease were evidenced on lingual than on buccal sites. Seven multi-site PRPs and the Ramfjörd PRP produced small biases in MPPD (-0.17 to 0.04 mm) and MCAL with relative biases under 8% and 4% in absolute value for MPPD and MCAL, respectively. Biases for full- and random half-mouth-based PRPs were similar. The three-site random half-mouth MB-B-DL and the Ramfjörd PRPs produced the smallest biases, with relative biases <3% in absolute value for MPPD and MCAL. CONCLUSIONS Bias for MPPD or MCAL estimates varies by site type, number of sites per tooth and number of quadrants included in the PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Kingman
- Biostatistics Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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100
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Brito F, de Barros FC, Zaltman C, Carvalho ATP, Carneiro AJDV, Fischer RG, Gustafsson A, Figueredo CMDS. Prevalence of periodontitis and DMFT index in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:555-60. [PMID: 18400026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the prevalence of periodontal disease and the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) with those without these diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-nine CD (39.0 SD+/-12.9 years), 80 UC (43.3 SD+/-13.2) and 74 healthy controls (40.3 SD+/-12.9) were compared for DMFT index and presence of periodontitis. Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque and DMFT index were measured on all subjects. The presence of periodontitis was defined as having CAL > or =3 mm in at least four sites in different teeth. RESULTS Significantly more patients with UC (90.0%; p<0.001) and CD (81.8%; p=0.03) had periodontitis than controls (67.6%). Among smokers, UC patients had significantly more periodontitis. CD had a greater mean DMFT score (18.7 versus 13.9; p=0.031) compared with controls and UC had greater median PPD (2.2 versus 1.7 mm; p<0.0001) than controls. Among non-smokers, CD (2.4 mm; p<0.0001) and UC showed deeper pockets (2.3 mm; p<0.0001) compared with controls (1.5 mm). UC had a greater mean DMFT score (15.3 versus 12.1; p=0.037) compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS CD and UC patients had higher DMFT and prevalence of periodontitis than controls, but smoking was an effect modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Brito
- Departament of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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