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Chevet B, Cornec D, Casal Moura M, Cornec-Le Gall E, Fervenza FC, Warrington KJ, Specks U, Berti A. Diagnosing and treating ANCA-associated vasculitis: an updated review for clinical practice. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 62:1787-1803. [PMID: 36315063 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) are a group of rare, primary, systemic necrotizing small-vessel vasculitides. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis account for ∼80–90% of all AAV. Exposure to silica dust, farming and chronic nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage are associated with increased risk of developing AAV. When a diagnosis of AAV is suspected, as in patients with multisystem organ dysfunction or those with features such as chronic recurrent rhinosinusitis, cavitated lung nodules, palpable purpura or acute kidney injury, then appropriate further investigations are needed, including ANCA testing. In this scenario, a structured clinical assessment should be conducted, evaluating all the organs possibly involved, and tissue biopsy may be necessary for confirmation of the diagnosis. Therapeutic algorithms vary based on the severity of AAV, the clinical diagnosis/ANCA specificity, and the patient’s age, weight, comorbidities and prognosis. Recent data favour rituximab as a preferable option for both induction and maintenance of remission. In addition, regimens with less glucocorticoids are equally effective and safer in inducing remission compared with conventional regimens, and avacopan is an effective glucocorticoid-sparing option. In contrast, there is not compelling evidence to support the routine use of plasma exchange in addition to standard remission-induction therapy in AAV. ANCA and other biomarkers can be helpful in association with clinical assessment to guide diagnosis and treatment decisions. Patients should be frequently evaluated during follow-up for possible disease relapses or treatment-related morbidity, and for monitoring damage accrual, especially metabolic and cardiovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Chevet
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Labex IGO, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Divi Cornec
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Labex IGO, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Marta Casal Moura
- Department Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Thoracic Research Disease Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ulrich Specks
- Department Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Thoracic Research Disease Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alvise Berti
- Rheumatology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS Trento, and Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Italy
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Whittet C, Morris S, Pope L. Subglottic stenosis masquerading as asthma in a young adult: an overlooked and delayed diagnosis. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e251581. [PMID: 36137644 PMCID: PMC9511598 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-251581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An otherwise fit young woman presented with a 10-year history of non-progressive wheeze and 'noisy breathing'. She had previously been diagnosed with teenage-onset asthma but had been unresponsive to inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators. A dysfunctional breathing disorder had been considered a possible diagnosis by several general practitioners, and there were no features to suggest systemic conditions. The patient had undergone an otherwise apparently uncomplicated intubation general anaesthetic for a gastroenterological investigation 13 years earlier. An outpatient flexible endoscopic examination of the upper aerodigestive tract demonstrated an isolated subglottic stenosis which was characterised by cross-sectional imaging. Microlaryngoscopy confirmed a smooth subglottic stenosis which was dilated using a minimally invasive balloon dilatation technique to good clinical effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laysan Pope
- ENT Department, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
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Richards BA, Xie KZ, Bowen AJ, Aden A, Wiedermann J, Rutt AL, Vassallo R, Edell ES, Bayan SL, Kasperbauer JL, Ekbom DC. Complications following laser wedge excision for idiopathic subglottic stenosis. Am J Otolaryngol 2022; 43:103629. [PMID: 36166881 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endoscopic laser wedge excision (LWE) is an effective treatment option for idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS); however, data regarding complications following LWE are limited. The aim of the following analysis was to provide a review of frequency and type of complications that occur with LWE in patients with iSGS. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. METHODS Patients with iSGS undergoing LWE between January 2002 and September 2021 were performed. Demographic data were recorded. Complications were stratified into major and minor categories. The frequency of these complications and the respective treatment for them was analyzed. RESULTS 212 patients within the study period underwent a total of 573 LWE procedures. All but two patients were female, with a median age of 54 years at time of LWE. Of these patients, 43 (20 %) patients experienced a complication. Of these, only 7 (15 %) of the reported complications were considered major while the rest were minor in nature. Major complications included 3 cases of post-operative hemoptysis, 1 case of tracheitis, and 3 cases of reduced vocal fold hypomobility with concurrent glottic stenosis. Minor complications consisted of 2 cases of tooth fracture and 34 cases of tongue paresthesia post-operatively that was self-limited. There were no mortalities. CONCLUSION Major complications occur in <5 % of LWE procedures based off the analysis. All major complications were managed without significant long-term morbidity. Minor complications with the LWE are self-limited in nature. Our data supports the LWE as a safe treatment option for iSGS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Richards
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Katherine Z Xie
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Andrew Jay Bowen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Aisha Aden
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Joshua Wiedermann
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Amy L Rutt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Audiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Eric S Edell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Semirra L Bayan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Jan L Kasperbauer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Dale C Ekbom
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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Ozkul Y, Songu M, Bayrak AF, İşlek A. The critical period for development of secondary restenosis following post-intubation tracheal stenosis surgery. Acta Otolaryngol 2022; 142:731-737. [PMID: 36397668 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2022.2142953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining a predictable duration to restenosis very essential for reducing mortality and morbidity for tracheal stenosis surgery. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the critical periods for secondary restenosis risk for operated patients with post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) during the initial healing period. METHODS A total of 61 patients with a diagnosis of surgically treated PITS were included in the study. Treatment groups were carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and tracheal resection with primary anastomosis (TRPA). Duration to restenosis was compared with Kaplan-Meier curves between study groups. RESULTS Restenosis developed in 11 (18.0%) patients and was diagnosed after a mean of 39.3 ± 38.5 (range, 22 to 155) days. Gender or Cotton-Myer grade of the PITS was not found to be risk factors for the development of stenosis. Restenosis rate was 33.3% in CO2 laser group and 10% in the TRPA group (p = .036). Duration to restenosis was detected at a median of 28 days in patients treated with CO2 laser, and a median of 30 days in patients treated with TRPA (p = .024). CONCLUSIONS The most critical period for the development of restenosis after PITS treatment is the third and fourth weeks, especially in patients treated with CO2 laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilmaz Ozkul
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Izmir Katip Celebi University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Songu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Biruni University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asuman Feda Bayrak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Izmir Katip Celebi University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Akif İşlek
- Acibadem Eskişehir Hospital, Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Clinic, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Idiopathic subglottic stenosis in Saskatchewan Hutterite population. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2022; 136:554-558. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215122000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundBy studying the odds of developing idiopathic subglottic stenosis in the isolated and genetically unique Hutterite population, this study sought to strengthen the hypothesis that an underlying genetic predisposition may exist for its development.MethodsA retrospective chart review examined the medical records of all adult patients treated for idiopathic subglottic stenosis in Saskatchewan between 2008 and 2018. Cases were segregated into Hutterite and non-Hutterite.ResultsFour out of 36 cases of idiopathic subglottic stenosis occurred among Hutterites. The odds of a Hutterite developing idiopathic subglottic stenosis are 21.89 times higher than for non-Hutterites. Positive family history was only observed in the Hutterite population.ConclusionThe study strengthens the hypothesis that genetics may play a role in the aetiology of idiopathic subglottic stenosis by demonstrating that the genetically and socially unique Hutterites are more likely to develop this rare disease. This study is the first to demonstrate that a specific subpopulation is at a higher risk for developing idiopathic subglottic stenosis.
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Dreyer NS, Gregersen KG, Bork KH. Life-threatening idiopathic subglottic stenosis misdiagnosed as asthma. ACTA OTO-LARYNGOLOGICA CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23772484.2022.2050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Soumagne T, Guibert N, Atallah I, Lacasse Y, Dutau H, Fortin M. Dilation versus laser resection in subglottic stenosis: protocol for a prospective international multicentre randomised controlled trial (AERATE trial). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053730. [PMID: 35301206 PMCID: PMC8932266 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is a rare condition that results from progressive narrowing of the upper airways. Outcomes and treatment options depend on the benign or complex nature of the stenosis. Treatment options for SGS include surgery and endoscopic techniques. The main endoscopic techniques used are dilation and laser resection. Observational and retrospective studies suggest that endoscopic laser resection may be more effective than dilation. We, therefore, aimed to compare the effectiveness of dilation and laser resection in preventing recurrence of SGS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS AERATE (dilAtion vs laser Endoscopic Resection in subglottic trAcheal sTEnosis) is a multicentre, investigator-initiated, randomised controlled trial, comparing endoscopic dilation to endoscopic laser resection for simple benign SGS (less than 1 cm long without underlying cartilaginous damage) referred for endoscopic treatment (first treatment or recurrence). The study will be conducted in three centres in France and one in Canada with other centres from France and Canada expected to join. The primary outcome is the recurrence rate of stenosis at 2 years. Recurrence is defined as having a new onset of symptoms along with a stenosis of more than 40% (confirmed by bronchoscopy) requiring a new procedure. A sample size of 100 patients is calculated for the primary endpoint assuming a 10% recurrence rate in the laser resection group and 33% in the dilation group with a statistical significance level of 5%, a power of 80%. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is approved by local and national ethics committees as required. Results will be published, and trial data will be made available. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04719845.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Soumagne
- Service de pneumologie, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Service de pneumologie et soins intensifs respiratoires, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Guibert
- Service de pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ihab Atallah
- Clinique universitaire d'ORL, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Lacasse
- Service de pneumologie, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hervé Dutau
- Service d'oncologie thoracique, maladie de la plèvre et pneumologie interventionnelle, hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Fortin
- Service de pneumologie, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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An Updated Review of Subglottic Stenosis: Etiology, Evaluation, and Management. CURRENT PULMONOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 11:29-38. [PMID: 35261874 PMCID: PMC8892813 DOI: 10.1007/s13665-022-00286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Marchioni A, Andrisani D, Tonelli R, Andreani A, Cappiello GF, Ori M, Gozzi F, Bruzzi G, Nani C, Feminò R, Manicardi L, Baroncini S, Mattioli F, Fermi M, Fantini R, Tabbì L, Castaniere I, Presutti L, Clini E. Stenting versus balloon dilatation in patients with tracheal benign stenosis: The
STROBE
trial. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:395-403. [PMID: 35434321 PMCID: PMC9008152 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marchioni
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
| | - Dario Andrisani
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
- PhD Course Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM) University of Modena & Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
- PhD Course Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM) University of Modena & Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Alessandro Andreani
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
| | - Gaia Francesca Cappiello
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
| | - Margherita Ori
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
| | - Filippo Gozzi
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
- PhD Course Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM) University of Modena & Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Giulia Bruzzi
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
| | - Chiara Nani
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
| | - Raimondo Feminò
- Anesthesiology Unit University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
| | - Linda Manicardi
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
| | - Serena Baroncini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
| | | | - Matteo Fermi
- Otolaryngology Unit University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
| | - Riccardo Fantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
| | - Luca Tabbì
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
| | - Ivana Castaniere
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
- PhD Course Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM) University of Modena & Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Livio Presutti
- Anesthesiology Unit University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy
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Guedes F, Branquinho MV, Sousa AC, Alvites RD, Bugalho A, Maurício AC. Central airway obstruction: is it time to move forward? BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:68. [PMID: 35183132 PMCID: PMC8858525 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Central airway obstruction (CAO) represents a pathological condition that can lead to airflow limitation of the trachea, main stem bronchi, bronchus intermedius or lobar bronchus. MAIN BODY It is a common clinical situation consensually considered under-diagnosed. Management of patients with CAO can be difficult and deciding on the best treatment approach represents a medical challenge. This work intends to review CAO classifications, causes, treatments and its therapeutic limitations, approaching benign and malign presentations. Three illustrative cases are further presented, supporting the clinical problem under review. CONCLUSION Management of CAO still remains a challenge. The available options are not always effective nor free from complications. A new generation of costume-tailored airway stents, associated with stem cell-based therapy, could be an option in specific clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Guedes
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Pulmonology Department, Bronchology Unit, Centre Hospitalier du Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mariana V Branquinho
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui D Alvites
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Bugalho
- CUF Tejo Hospital e CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401, Porto, Portugal.
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Berges AJ, Lina IA, Chen L, Ospino R, Davis R, Hillel AT. Delayed Diagnosis of Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis. Laryngoscope 2022; 132:413-418. [PMID: 34369599 PMCID: PMC8742746 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a rare disease, causing life-threatening dyspnea secondary to scarring. Perhaps because it is rarely encountered, there is often a delay in diagnosing iSGS. The objective of this study is to characterize diagnostic delay of iSGS, factors that prolong delay, and its impact on iSGS patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 124 iSGS patients was performed. Times of symptom onset, presentation to otolaryngologist, diagnosis, imaging, pulmonary function testing (PFTs), surgeries, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations were recorded and univariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for delay. RESULTS The median total time to diagnosis from symptom onset was 24.5 months, with time to first presentation of 6.3 months and healthcare delay of 17.8 months. 54.8% of patients were diagnosed with asthma. Earlier presentation to otolaryngologist was associated with shorter healthcare delay and total time to diagnosis (rho = 0.75, rho = 0.99, P < .0001). Earlier CT imaging was correlated to shorter healthcare delay (rho = 0.84, P < .0001) and total time to diagnosis (rho = 0.74, P < .001), while earlier PFTs were correlated to shorter total time to diagnosis alone (rho = 0.71, P = .01). During evaluation, 10.5% (n = 17/124) of patients had ED visits and 13.7% (n = 13/124) patients were hospitalized. Before diagnosis, 7% (9/124) of patients underwent surgeries (including 3% (n = 4) undergoing tracheostomy) and 8% (n = 10) of patients required unplanned urgent endoscopic surgery that may have been avoided with earlier diagnosis. CONCLUSION iSGS diagnosis is frequently delayed, resulting in additional surgeries (including tracheostomy), ED visits, and hospitalizations. Further, patients' symptoms are commonly attributed to asthma. Earlier otolaryngologist evaluation, PFTs, and CT imaging may expedite iSGS diagnosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 132:413-418, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. Berges
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
| | - Ioan A. Lina
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
| | - Lena Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
| | - Rafael Ospino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
| | - Ruth Davis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
| | - Alexander T. Hillel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
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Hoarseness: its spectrum, associations and management in a tertiary care centre in India. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2022; 136:1211-1216. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215121004345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To determine the demographic, aetiopathological and diagnostic profiles of patients presenting with hoarseness to a laryngology unit of a tertiary care centre in India.
Methods
A retrospective observational study was conducted.
Results
The 1033 patients who presented with dysphonia showed a male predominance (70 per cent), high rates of malignancy (18 per cent), late presentation (mean, 24 months) and poor follow-up trends (53 per cent with 3 months’ follow up), which contrasts with data from developed countries. The patient population hailed from different states in India and neighbouring countries around India, serving as a good sample for the subcontinent. The majority (67 per cent) were managed conservatively; however, surgical management was the preferred choice for those who presented with airway stenosis (91 per cent) and laryngeal trauma (75 per cent). Significant associations between vocal professionalism level and co-morbidities and dysphonia aetiopathologies are discussed.
Conclusion
These findings give insight into the trends of hoarseness in the developing Indian subcontinent, which can aid understanding and management.
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Chintala B, Duggal L, Jain N, Gupta M. Subglottic stenosis as a presentation of various rheumatic diseases. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/injr.injr_26_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Tebbe W, Wittkowski H, Tebbe J, Hülskamp G. Case report: Idiopathic subglottic stenosis in a girl; successful treatment with macrolides. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:888282. [PMID: 36061399 PMCID: PMC9434006 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.888282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old girl presented with treatment-refractory cough and inspiratory stridor. Bronchoscopies showed progressive scarring leading to narrowing of the proximal trachea (Myer-Cotton Grade 2) and epithelial metaplasia of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa. After excluding other causes of congenital and acquired tracheal stenosis, an idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis (iSGS) was diagnosed. Because of the patient's young age, a judicious therapeutic approach seemed appropriate. Therapy with azithromycin, followed by roxithromycin, was started. Symptoms almost completely subsided, spirometry normalized, and endoscopic and histologic findings improved considerably. Therapy has been continued for more than 3 years with normal lung function values, and no compromise on physical activities and development. In instances of iSGS, therapy with macrolides is worth considering before more invasive procedures such as dilatation, laser, intralesional injections, or surgical resection are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Tebbe
- Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Klinik für Kinder - und Jugendmedizin, Clemenshospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Wittkowski
- Pädiatrische Rheumatologie und ImmunologieKlinik für Kinder - und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Tebbe
- Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Hülskamp
- Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Klinik für Kinder - und Jugendmedizin, Clemenshospital, Münster, Germany
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65
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Arshad E. Evaluating clinical factors responsible for recurrent subglottic stenosis after transoral laser-assisted micro laryngeal surgery: original article. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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66
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Verjans R, van Berkel S, Brandon T, Grotjohan H. Idiopathic subglottic stenosis and the consequences in cardiopulmonary exercise testing. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e242149. [PMID: 34848403 PMCID: PMC8634380 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 15-year-old male patient with progressive dyspnoea and exercise-related wheezing was analysed with spirometry, ECG and a cardiopulmonary exercise test with blood gas analysis. Earlier analysis by a paediatrician concluded no abnormalities. However, the previously performed spirometry test may have clarified the diagnosis in an earlier stage.Severe hypoventilation was seen during the exercise test with hypercapnia and hypoxaemia while hearing a stridor during exercise. Eventually, a circular subglottic stenosis was seen on a CT scan of the chest. No malignancy or granulomatosis with polyangiitis was seen in biopsy and pathologic examination. There was no history of trauma, intubation or infection. Therefore, the diagnosis idiopathic subglottic stenosis was established. Bronchoscopic balloon dilation followed several times, leading to full recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Verjans
- Sports Medicine, Isala Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tom Brandon
- Sports Medicine, Isala Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Grotjohan
- Pulmonary Medicine, Isala Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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Ntouniadakis E, Sundh J, von Beckerath M. Monitoring Adult Subglottic Stenosis With Spirometry and Dyspnea Index: A Novel Approach. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 167:517-523. [PMID: 34813409 PMCID: PMC9442627 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim was to examine the correlations among the anatomic Cotton-Myer classification, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and patient-perceived dyspnea or dysphonia in patients with subglottic stenosis and identify measurements accurately reflecting treatment effects. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Method Fifty-two adults receiving endoscopic treatment for isolated subglottic stenosis were consecutively included. Correlations were calculated among the preoperative Cotton-Myer scale, PFTs, the Dyspnea Index (DI), and the Voice Handicap Index. Receiver operating characteristic curves were determined for PFT, DI, and Voice Handicap Index pre- and postoperative measurements. Results The Cotton-Myer classification correlated weakly with peak expiratory flow (r = −0.35, P = .012), expiratory disproportion index (r = 0.32, P = .022), peak inspiratory flow (r = −0.32, P = .022), and total peak flow (r = −0.36, P = .01). The DI showed an excellent area under the curve (0.99, P < .001), and among PFTs, the expiratory disproportion index demonstrated the best area under the curve (0.89, P < .001), followed by total peak flow (0.88, P < .001), peak expiratory flow (0.87, P < .001), and peak inspiratory flow (0.84, P < .001). Patients treated endoscopically with balloon dilatation showed a 53% decrease in expiratory disproportion index (95% CI, 41%-66%; P < .001) and a 37% improvement in peak expiratory flow (95% CI, 31%-43%; P < .001). Conclusion Expiratory disproportion index or peak expiratory flow combined with DI was a feasible measurement for the monitoring of adult subglottic stenosis. The percentage deterioration of peak expiratory flow and increase in expiratory disproportion index correlated significantly with a proportional percentage increase in DI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Ntouniadakis
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Josefin Sundh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mathias von Beckerath
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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68
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Tracheal stenosis following mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infection without history of tracheal intubation: a case report. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 70:303-307. [PMID: 34813004 PMCID: PMC8609986 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-021-01747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Laryngotracheal stenosis is a major side effect of intubation in patients with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). However, no study has since reported tracheal stenosis in patients with COVID-19 without a history of tracheal intubation. The current study reports a 77-year-old male patient with the COVID-19 infection but without a history of tracheal intubation diagnosed with distal tracheal stenosis. Tracheal stenosis was successfully treated with rigid bronchoscopy. This study reported the first case of tracheal stenosis due to viral tracheitis associated with COVID-19 infection. However, further studies are required to investigate this speculation.
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69
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Chan RK, Ahrens B, MacEachern P, Bosch JD, Randall DR. Prevalence and incidence of idiopathic subglottic stenosis in southern and central Alberta: a retrospective cohort study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 50:64. [PMID: 34772459 PMCID: PMC8588657 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-021-00544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is a reportedly rare disease that causes recurrent severe airway obstruction. Etiologies reported for SGS include idiopathic, iatrogenic, autoimmune, congenital, and traumatic, with variable ratios among different centres. From empiric observation, southern and central Alberta was hypothesized to have a disproportionate distribution of SGS driven by increased idiopathic SGS (iSGS) compared to previous literature. Identification of causative agents of iSGS will help understand and guide future management options, so this study aimed to characterize the demographics of SGS subtypes, define prevalence and incidence rates of iSGS in southern Alberta, and geographically analyze for clustering of iSGS prevalence. Methods SGS patients from Alberta census divisions No. 1–9 and 15 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were subtyped according to etiology of SGS and characterized. Idiopathic SGS prevalence and incidence was assessed; prevalence was further geographically segregated by census division and forward sortation area (FSA). Significant clustering patterns were assessed for using a Global Moran’s I analysis. Results From 2010 to 2019 we identified 250 SGS patients, who were substantially overrepresented by idiopathic patients (80.4%) compared to autoimmune (10.0%), iatrogenic (7.6%), congenital (1.2%), and traumatic (0.8%). The total iSGS prevalence was 9.28/100,000 with a mean annual incidence rate of 0.71/100,000 per year. Significant clustering was observed (Moran’s index 0.125; z-score 2.832; p = 0.0046) and the highest rates of prevalence were observed in southern Alberta and in rural communities heterogeneously dispersed around Calgary FSAs. Conclusion In southern and central Alberta, iSGS patients were disproportionately over-represented in contrast to other subtypes with the highest prevalence in southern Alberta. There was a three-fold higher annual incidence compared to previous literature demonstrating the highest rates of disease reported worldwide. Future research aims to expand the geographical scope and to assess for demographic or environmental differences within significant clusters that may contribute to disease pathophysiology. Level of evidence III. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Chan
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Beau Ahrens
- Interdisciplinary PhD Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paul MacEachern
- Interventional Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Respirology - Thoracic Surgery and Medical Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Douglas Bosch
- Section of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Calgary Voice Clinic, Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Derrick R Randall
- Section of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Calgary Voice Clinic, Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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70
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Agrawal A, Baird BJ, Madariaga MLL, Blair EA, Murgu S. Multi-disciplinary management of patients with benign airway strictures: A review. Respir Med 2021; 187:106582. [PMID: 34481304 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Histologically benign airway strictures are frequently misdiagnosed as asthma or COPD and may present with severe symptoms including respiratory failure. A clear understanding of pathophysiology and existing classification systems is needed to determine the appropriate treatment options and predict clinical course. Clinically significant airway strictures can involve the upper and central airways extending from the subglottis to the lobar airways. Optimal evaluation includes a proper history and physical examination, neck and chest computed tomography, pulmonary function testing, endoscopy and serology. Available treatments include medical therapy, endoscopic procedures and open surgery which are based on the stricture's extent, location, etiology, morphology, severity of airway narrowing and patient's functional status. The acuity of the process, patient's co-morbidities and operability at the time of evaluation determine the need for open surgical or endoscopic interventions. The optimal management of patients with benign airway strictures requires the availability, expertise and collaboration of otolaryngologists, thoracic surgeons and interventional pulmonologists. Multidisciplinary airway teams can facilitate accurate diagnosis, guide management and avoid unnecessary procedures that could potentially worsen the extent of the disease or clinical course. Implementation of a complex airway program including multidisciplinary clinics and conferences ensures that such collaboration leads to timely, patient-centered and evidence-based interventions. In this article we outline algorithms of care and illustrate therapeutic techniques based on published evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Agrawal
- Interventional Pulmonology & Bronchoscopy, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.
| | - Brandon J Baird
- Section of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Maria Lucia L Madariaga
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Blair
- Section of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Septimiu Murgu
- Interventional Pulmonology, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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71
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Eggerstedt M, Kim YJ, Ritz EM, Patel TR, Theis SM, Husain IA. Voice-related quality of life: Relation to objective spirometry measures in subglottic stenosis. Am J Otolaryngol 2021; 42:103013. [PMID: 33838356 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study seeks to identify the correlation between in-office spirometry data and voice-related quality of life in patients with subglottic stenosis (SGS). METHODS Patients with SGS of any etiology were included when in-office spirometric data was available in addition to voice-related patient-reported outcomes (PROM) data in the form of the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) and/or the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) survey. Overall survey scores and individual question responses were assessed for degree of correlation to spirometric data. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients were included in the final analysis. Overall mean total VHI-10 scores totaled 7.15 (SD 9.11), while mean overall V-RQOL scores totaled 78.41 (SD 16.45). Both PEF and PIF rates correlated to total scores on the VHI and V-RQOL surveys. This correlation was stronger with PIF than with PEF, and with the V-RQOL than with the VHI. Questions related to breathlessness most closely correlated with spirometric data. CONCLUSION Voice-related QOL is impacted in patients with SGS in a predictable way. Breathlessness while speaking may be more impactful than inability to produce speech in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eggerstedt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Young Jae Kim
- Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Ethan M Ritz
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Rush University, United States of America
| | - Tirth R Patel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Shannon M Theis
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, United States of America
| | - Inna A Husain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, United States of America.
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72
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Bourdillon AT, Hajek MA, Wride M, Lee M, Lerner M, Kohli N. Correlations of Radiographic and Endoscopic Observations in Subglottic Stenosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2021; 131:724-729. [PMID: 34459264 DOI: 10.1177/00034894211042768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Subglottic stenosis (SGS) represents a constellation of diverse pathologic processes that ultimately lead to narrowing of the subglottic region and can produce significant morbidity. Existing endoscopic and radiographic assessments may not be consistent in practice. METHODS Severity of stenosis was evaluated and reported using the Cotton-Myer classification system from 33 endoscopic procedures from 32 unique subjects. Radiographic imaging within the preceding 3 month period was subsequently reviewed and narrowing was measured by a blinded radiologist. Degree of stenosis was reported as a percentage in 30 out of 33 endoscopic evaluations and subsequently compared to radiographically determined percentage of stenosis. Statistical analyzes were conducted to evaluate concordance between endoscopic and radiographic assessments. RESULTS About 45.5% (15/33) of the evaluations were in agreement using Cotton-Myer scoring, while 27.3% (9/33) were discrepant by 1 grade and 27.3% (9/33) by 2 grades. Correlation of degree of stenosis as a percentage using Spearman (coefficient: 0.233, P-value: .214) and Pearson (coefficient: 0.138, P-value: .466) methods demonstrated very weak relationships. Radiographic scoring did not predict endoscopic classification to a significant degree using mixed effects regression. CONCLUSIONS Radiographic and endoscopic grading of subglottic stenosis may not be reliably concordant in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A Hajek
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mitchel Wride
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mike Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Lerner
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nikita Kohli
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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73
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Compton EC, Beveridge S, Andreassen M, Gelfand G, McFadden S, Bosch D, Randall DR. Long-Term Voice Outcomes Following Cricotracheal Resection for Subglottic Stenosis: A Retrospective Analysis. Laryngoscope 2021; 132:1054-1060. [PMID: 34427329 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Cricotracheal resection (CTR) is an effective treatment for refractory idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) but is associated with persistent dysphonia. Outcomes were measured longitudinally to characterize how patients' voices and self-perceived voice handicaps changed after CTR. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case-series. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with refractory iSGS treated by CTR from 2006 to 2017. Voice Handicap Index (VHI), Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V), and acoustic analysis were prospectively collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24-month intervals. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate temporal change. RESULTS Thirty-three patients (97% female) were included. VHI scores increased significantly from baseline preoperative score (27.2 ± 22.7) to a mean value of 44.3 ± 25.6 (P < .001) 1-month postoperatively but decreased below preoperative scores after 2 years (18.8 ± 11.9, P = .795). Mean fundamental frequency (F0) values in speech decreased significantly from 192.0 ± 24.9 Hz preoperatively to 167.1 ± 19.8 Hz at a 2-year follow-up (P = .002), with a nadir value at 1-month postoperatively (148.4 ± 20.5, P < .001). CAPE-V scores increased significantly from preoperative to 1-month postoperative (3.0 ± 2.3 vs. 21.9 ± 17.3, P < .001) but returned toward baseline values at 24 months after CTR (6.9 ± 4.8, P = .027). CAPE-V measurements postoperatively were correlated with VHI and F0 (Pearson coefficient = 0.54 (VHI), -0.46 (F0), P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Following CTR, mean F0 values were significantly and consistently lower but did increase over time, correlating with patients' improving VHI and CAPE-V scores. VHI values indicate that patient's perception of their voice is not significantly impacted in long term. These results provide a framework to counsel patients about long term voice expectations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4 Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Compton
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shari Beveridge
- Calgary Voice Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Meri Andreassen
- Calgary Voice Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary Gelfand
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sean McFadden
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Doug Bosch
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derrick R Randall
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Catano J, Uzunhan Y, Paule R, Dion J, Régent A, Legendre P, Gonin F, Martinod E, Cohen P, Puéchal X, Le Guern V, Mouthon L, Coste A, Lorut C, Lacroix C, Périé S, Terrier B. Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management of Subglottic and Tracheal Stenosis During Systemic Inflammatory Diseases. Chest 2021; 161:257-265. [PMID: 34324839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subglottic stenosis (SGS) and tracheal stenosis (TS) are characterized by a narrowing of the airways. The goal of this study was to describe the characteristics and prognosis of nontraumatic and nontumoral SGS or TS. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the inflammatory etiologies of SGS and TS, and what are their characteristics and prognosis? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This multicenter, observational retrospective study was performed in patients with SGS or TS that was neither traumatic nor tumoral. RESULTS Eighty-one patients were included, 33 (41%) with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and 21 (26%) with relapsing polychondritis (RP). GPA-related stenoses exhibited circumferential subglottic narrowing in 85% of cases, without calcifications. In contrast, RP-related stenoses displayed anterior involvement in 76%, in a longer distance from vocal cords (4 cm), with calcifications in 62%, and extension to bronchi in 86%. Other diagnoses included bullous dermatoses (n = 3), amyloidosis (n = 3), sarcoidosis (n = 2), and Crohn's disease (n = 2); the remaining stenoses (n = 15) were idiopathic. SGS/TS was the initial manifestation of the disease in 66% of cases, with a median interval from stenosis to disease diagnosis of 12 months (interquartile range, 0-48 months). Despite the use of glucocorticoids in 80%, combined with methotrexate in 49%, endoscopic procedures were required in 68% of patients. Relapses of stenoses occurred in 76% without any difference between causes (82% in GPA, 67% in RP, and 75% in idiopathic SGS/TS). Three patients died due to the stenosis, two of RP and one of GPA. INTERPRETATION These data show that GPA and RP are the two main inflammatory diseases presenting with SGS/TS. GPA-related stenoses are mostly subglottic and circumferential, whereas RP-related stenoses are mostly tracheal, anterior, and calcified with a frequent extension to bronchi. Relapses of stenoses are common, and relapse rates do not differ between causes. Diagnosis and management of SGS/TS require a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Catano
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP)-Centre Université Paris (CUP), Paris, France
| | - Yurdagul Uzunhan
- Department of Pneumology, Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, INSERM U1272, Université Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Romain Paule
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Jérémie Dion
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexis Régent
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP)-Centre Université Paris (CUP), Paris, France
| | - Paul Legendre
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP)-Centre Université Paris (CUP), Paris, France
| | - François Gonin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Emmanuel Martinod
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Pascal Cohen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP)-Centre Université Paris (CUP), Paris, France
| | - Xavier Puéchal
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP)-Centre Université Paris (CUP), Paris, France
| | - Véronique Le Guern
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP)-Centre Université Paris (CUP), Paris, France
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP)-Centre Université Paris (CUP), Paris, France
| | - André Coste
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hôpital Intercommunal, Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Périé
- Department of Otolaryngology (S. Périé), Clinique Hartmann, Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP)-Centre Université Paris (CUP), Paris, France.
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Shen Y, Li K, Chen P, Yu Y, Chen F. Asphyxia caused by delayed subglottic stenosis after neck trauma. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2021; 17:481-485. [PMID: 34263414 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-021-00391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Delayed subglottic stenosis (SGS) is an unusual complication. Here, we report a particular case of delayed SGS. A 17-year-old female suffered extensive injuries including severe neck trauma in a car accident, and complained of dyspnea after 30 days. Tracheal stenosis was observed by fiber optic bronchoscopy, but no specific treatment was administered to the patient. While being transferred to a tertiary hospital 3 days later, the patient fell into deep coma due to hypoxia, and died of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and severe pulmonary infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) 58 days later. Postmortem autopsy and pathological investigation revealed tracheal stenosis 3.0 cm below the vocal cords with a diameter of 0.5 cm, which was caused by a cricoid cartilage fracture, fibrous tissue proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration. We believed that external forces caused the cricoid fracture and mucosal damage, and after a month of fibrous repair, scar tissue formed the stenosis and caused her death. This report describes a rare condition in which slowly progressive intralaryngeal stenosis formation after external neck trauma could cause asphyxial death in a previously asymptomatic adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Forensic Expertise Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Forensic Expertise Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youjia Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China. .,Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. .,Forensic Expertise Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. .,Forensic Expertise Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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Pomerantz B, Pomerantz M, Finn A. Idiopathic subglottic stenosis in a young female patient. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/5/e241525. [PMID: 34031079 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously healthy 30-year-old woman presented with 3 years of progressive shortness of breath and audible wheezing. One year prior to presentation, she developed a chronic non-productive cough. Pulmonary function testing revealed flattened inspiratory and expiratory peaks, characteristic of an extrathoracic fixed tracheal obstruction. Bronchoscopy confirmed subglottic stenosis (SGS). She had no history of intubation, tracheostomy or evidence of a systemic inflammatory illness. She was diagnosed with idiopathic SGS and referred for rigid bronchoscopy with balloon dilatation resulting in improvement in her symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Pomerantz
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Arkadiy Finn
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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An J, Song JW. Life-Threatening Subglottic Stenosis of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Case Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57050423. [PMID: 33925546 PMCID: PMC8145547 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. Subglottic stenosis, which is defined as narrowing of the airway below the vocal cords, has a frequency of 16–23% in GPA. Herein, we present the case of a 39-year-old woman with subglottic stenosis manifesting as life-threatening GPA, which was recurrent under systemic immunosuppressive therapy. The patient underwent an emergency tracheostomy, intratracheal intervention, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) laser surgery and intralesional steroid injection via laryngomicroscopic surgery, and laryngotracheal resection with remodeling. Severe subglottic stenosis treatment requires active intratracheal intervention, surgery, and systemic immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin An
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Korea;
| | - Jae-Won Song
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-440-7188; Fax: +82-2-440-8150
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Fang S, Pai B H P. Successful management of subglottic stenosis in pregnancy. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/3/e236466. [PMID: 33762270 PMCID: PMC7993347 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation and management of subglottic stenosis in pregnancy is challenging. It often is not only a multidisciplinary approach between obstetricians, otolaryngologists (ENT surgeons) and anesthesiologists, but also requires a thorough understanding of possible foreseen complications by the patient as well. Hence, whenever we are presented with a challenging case requiring multidisciplinary approach involving team of physicians from different specialties, it is routine practice to huddle regarding the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management and care. We present a case of a 37-year-old woman with a known history of idiopathic subglottic stenosis, 16 weeks' pregnant, G4P1, with a surgical history significant for two previous subglottic dilations in the past and who now presented with an audible stridor and shortness of breath on activity. We highlighted the unique challenges encountered and the corresponding management adopted. This is a case of successful management of symptomatic worsening of subglottic stenosis managed during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Mount Sinai West And Morningside Hospitals, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Poonam Pai B H
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Mount Sinai West And Morningside Hospitals, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
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Chen Y, Liao H, Niu Y, Ni X, Wang J. Anesthetic consideration for airway management in patient undergoing tracheal resection and reconstruction for severe postintubation tracheal stenosis: a case report. Postgrad Med 2021; 133:544-547. [PMID: 33593198 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1889849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Severe postintubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) is a rare iatrogenic complication after endotracheal intubation.Case presentation A case of PITS in a 51-year-old male undergoing partial pericardiectomy with a principal diagnosis of tuberculous constrictive pericarditis. Within 6 hours of extubation, a second emergency intubation lasting 120 hours was performed. The patient reported exertional dyspnea 30 days after discharge. High-resolution tracheobronchial tree computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction revealed constriction of the tracheal lumen of more than 80% at the thyroid planar upper third of the trachea. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed a tracheal stenosis located 3-4 cm from the glottis that could not be passed prior to general anesthesia. Mechanical ventilation with a ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) and preparation for extracorporeal circulation as a final rescue option were performed to maximize patient safety. The patient underwent a tracheal resection and reconstruction without complications.Conclusion A supraglottic airway mode may be a practical and worthwhile alternative for patients with severe PITS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuanyuan Niu
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xinli Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jianzhen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Masui T, Uemura H, Syugyo M, Kitahara T. Resection of the arch of cricoid cartilage and circumcision of the tracheal cartilage for subglottic stenosis. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/12/e239203. [PMID: 33318283 PMCID: PMC7737046 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Subglottic stenosis is a disease that causes dyspnoea by congenital or acquired stenosis of the cricoid cartilage and trachea. The cause of acquired subglottic stenosis varies. In this case, we present a case of idiopathic subglottic stenosis. Tracheotomies are performed in many cases, but they require long-term insertion of a tracheal cannula and make treatment difficult. In this case study, we performed a tracheoplasty by resection of the arch of cricoid cartilage and circumcision of the tracheal cartilage and implemented a cannula-free observation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Masui
- Otolaryngolgy-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Uemura
- Otolaryngolgy-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Syugyo
- Otolaryngolgy-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kitahara
- Otolaryngolgy-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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