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Fang G, Tang B. Advanced delivery strategies facilitating oral absorption of heparins. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:449-460. [PMID: 32952668 PMCID: PMC7486512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparins show great anticoagulant effect with few side effects, and are administered by subcutaneous or intravenous route in clinics. To improve patient compliance, oral administration is an alternative route. Nonetheless, oral administration of heparins still faces enormous challenges due to the multiple obstacles. This review briefly analyzes a series of barriers ranging from poorly physicochemical properties of heparins, to harsh biological barriers including gastrointestinal degradation and pre-systemic metabolism. Moreover, several approaches have been developed to overcome these obstacles, such as improving stability of heparins in the gastrointestinal tract, enhancing the intestinal epithelia permeability and facilitating lymphatic delivery of heparins. Overall, this review aims to provide insights concerning advanced delivery strategies facilitating oral absorption of heparins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bo Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
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52
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Acyclovir-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Optimization, Characterization and Evaluation of Its Pharmacokinetic Profile. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091785. [PMID: 32916823 PMCID: PMC7560030 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infection. Its oral bioavailability is low; therefore, frequent and high doses are prescribed for optimum therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the current therapeutic regimen of acyclovir is associated with unwarranted adverse effects, hence prompting the need for a suitable drug carrier to overcome these limitations. This study aimed to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as acyclovir carriers and evaluate their in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters to prove the study hypothesis. During the SLN development process, response surface methodology was exploited to optimize the composition of solid lipid and surfactant. Optimum combination of Biogapress Vegetal 297 ATO and Tween 80 was found essential to produce SLNs of 134 nm. The oral bioavailability study showed that acyclovir-loaded SLNs possessed superior oral bioavailability when compared with the commercial acyclovir suspension. The plasma concentration of acyclovir-loaded SLNs was four-fold higher than the commercial suspension. Thus, this investigation presented promising results that the method developed for encapsulation of acyclovir offers potential as an alternative pathway to enhance the drug’s bioavailability. In conclusion, this study exhibited the feasibility of SLNs as an oral delivery vehicle for acyclovir and therefore represents a new promising therapeutic concept of acyclovir treatment via a nanoparticulate drug delivery system.
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53
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Mazonde P, Khamanga SMM, Walker RB. Design, Optimization, Manufacture and Characterization of Efavirenz-Loaded Flaxseed Oil Nanoemulsions. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E797. [PMID: 32842501 PMCID: PMC7559825 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation, manufacture and characterization of low energy water-in-oil (w/o) nanoemulsions prepared using cold pressed flaxseed oil containing efavirenz was investigated. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the nanoemulsion region(s). Other potential lipid-based drug delivery phases containing flaxseed oil with 1:1 m/m surfactant mixture of Tween® 80, Span® 20 and different amounts of ethanol were tested to characterize the impact of surfactant mixture on emulsion formation. Flaxseed oil was used as the oil phase as efavirenz exhibited high solubility in the vehicle when compared to other vegetable oils tested. Optimization of surfactant mixtures was undertaken using design of experiments, specifically a D-optimal design with the flaxseed oil content set at 10% m/m. Two solutions from the desired optimization function were produced based on desirability and five nanoemulsion formulations were produced and characterized in terms of in vitro release of efavirenz, physical and chemical stability. Metastable nanoemulsions containing 10% m/m flaxseed oil were successfully manufactured and significant isotropic gel (semisolid) and o/w emulsions were observed during phase behavior studies. Droplet sizes ranged between 156 and 225 nm, zeta potential between -24 and -41 mV and all formulations were found to be monodisperse with polydispersity indices ≤ 0.487.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roderick B. Walker
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (P.M.); (S.M.M.K.)
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Pinto RM, Lopes-de-Campos D, Martins MCL, Van Dijck P, Nunes C, Reis S. Impact of nanosystems in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms treatment. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 43:622-641. [PMID: 31420962 PMCID: PMC8038934 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is considered by the World Health Organization as a high priority pathogen for which new therapies are needed. This is particularly important for biofilm implant-associated infections once the only available treatment option implies a surgical procedure combined with antibiotic therapy. Consequently, these infections represent an economic burden for Healthcare Systems. A new strategy has emerged to tackle this problem: for small bugs, small particles. Here, we describe how nanotechnology-based systems have been studied to treat S. aureus biofilms. Their features, drawbacks and potentialities to impact the treatment of these infections are highlighted. Furthermore, we also outline biofilm models and assays required for preclinical validation of those nanosystems to smooth the process of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M Pinto
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Microbiology, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Lopes-de-Campos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Microbiology, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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55
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Nimtrakul P, Sermsappasuk P, Tiyaboonchai W. Strategies to enhance oral delivery of amphotericin B: a comparison of uncoated and enteric-coated nanostructured lipid carriers. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:1054-1062. [PMID: 32633144 PMCID: PMC7470155 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1785050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral delivery of amphotericin B (AmB) has remained a challenge due to its low solubility, permeability, and instability in gastric acidic pH. To solve these issues, herein, we reported a novel approach of using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and NLCs coating with Eudragit®L100-55 (Eu-NLCs) for the oral delivery of AmB. This study aimed to compare their ability in protecting the drug from degradation in gastrointestinal fluids and permeation enhancement in Caco-2 cells. Uncoated NLCs and Eu-NLCs possessed a mean particle size of ∼180 and ∼550 nm, with a zeta potential of ∼-30 and ∼-50 mV, respectively. Both NLCs demonstrated an AmB entrapment efficiency up to ∼75%. They possessed significantly greater AmB water solubility than the free drug by up to 10-fold. In fasted state simulated gastric fluid, Eu-NLCs provided significantly greater AmB protection from acidic degradation than uncoated NLCs. In fasted state simulated intestinal fluid, both uncoated and Eu-NLCs showed a fast release characteristic. Caco-2 cells permeation studies revealed that uncoated NLCs provided significantly higher apparent permeation coefficient (P app) value than Eu-NLCs. Moreover, after 6 months of storage at 4 °C in the absence of light, the physicochemical stabilities of the lyophilized uncoated and Eu-NLCs could be maintained. In conclusion, the developed NLCs and Eu-NLCs could be a potential drug delivery system in improving the oral bioavailability of AmB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pataranapa Nimtrakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Pakawadee Sermsappasuk
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Waree Tiyaboonchai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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56
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Mundry CS, Eberle KC, Singh PK, Hollingsworth MA, Mehla K. Local and systemic immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer: Targeting the stalwarts in tumor's arsenal. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188387. [PMID: 32579889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Late detection, compromised immune system, and chemotherapy resistance underlie the poor patient prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, making it the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Cooperation between the tumor cells and the immune system leads to the immune escape and eventual establishment of the tumor. For more than 20 years, sincere efforts have been made to intercept the tumor-immune crosstalk and identify the probable therapeutic targets for breaking self-tolerance toward tumor antigens. However, the success of these studies depends on detailed examination and understanding of tumor-immune cell interactions, not only in the primary tumor but also at distant systemic niches. Innate and adaptive arms of the immune system sculpt tumor immunogenicity, where they not only aid in providing an amenable environment for their survival but also act as a driver for tumor relapse at primary or distant organ sites. This review article highlights the key events associated with tumor-immune communication and associated immunosuppression at both local and systemic microenvironments in PDAC. Furthermore, we discuss the approaches and benefits of targeting both local and systemic immunosuppression for PDAC patients. The present articles integrate data from clinical and genetic mouse model studies to provide a widespread consensus on the role of local and systemic immunosuppression in undermining the anti-tumor immune responses against PDAC.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/drug effects
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow/drug effects
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Combined Modality Therapy/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease-Free Survival
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Fluorouracil/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Irinotecan/pharmacology
- Irinotecan/therapeutic use
- Leucovorin/pharmacology
- Leucovorin/therapeutic use
- Lymph Node Excision
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/surgery
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
- Oxaliplatin/pharmacology
- Oxaliplatin/therapeutic use
- Pancreas/immunology
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreas/surgery
- Pancreatectomy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- Spleen/surgery
- Splenectomy
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Transplantation, Autologous/methods
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- United States/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara S Mundry
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Kirsten C Eberle
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Kamiya Mehla
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.
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57
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Bou S, Wang X, Anton N, Bouchaala R, Klymchenko AS, Collot M. Lipid-core/polymer-shell hybrid nanoparticles: synthesis and characterization by fluorescence labeling and electrophoresis. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4173-4181. [PMID: 32286601 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the lipid nanoparticles, lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) composed of an oily core and a polymeric shell display interesting features as efficient drug carriers due to the high loading capability of the oil phase and the stability and surface functionalization of the polymer shell. Herein, we formulated lipid-core/polymer-shell hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) using a simple nanoprecipitation method involving Vitamin E Acetate (VEA) as the oily core and a tailor-made amphiphilic polymer as a wrapping shell. The fluorescence labeling of the oil, using a newly developed green fluorogenic BODIPY tracker, and of the polymer using a covalent attachment of a red emitting rhodamine was done to assess the formation, the composition and the stability of these new hybrid nanoparticles using dual color electrophoresis gel analysis. This technique, combined to conventional DLS and electronic microscopy analysis, allowed us to quickly determine that 20 wt% of the polymer was an optimal ratio for obtaining stable HNPs by nanoprecipiation. Finally, we showed that using different polymeric shells, various HNPs can be obtained and finely discriminated using a combined approach of electrophoresis and two-color labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bou
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, University of Strasbourg, France.
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58
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Sun X, Liu H. Nucleic Acid Nanostructure Assisted Immune Modulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2765-2778. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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59
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Agarwal S, Murthy RSR, Harikumar SL, Garg R. Quality by Design Approach for Development and Characterisation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Quetiapine Fumarate. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2020; 16:73-91. [PMID: 31429691 PMCID: PMC6967136 DOI: 10.2174/1573409915666190722122827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quetiapine fumarate, a 2nd generation anti-psychotic drug has oral bioavailability of 9% because of hepatic first pass metabolism. Reports suggest that co-administration of drugs with lipids affects their absorption pathways, enhances lymphatic transport thus bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism resulting in enhanced bioavailability. OBJECTIVE The present work aimed at developing, and characterising potentially lymphatic absorbable Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) of quetiapine fumarate by Quality by Design approach. METHODS Hot emulsification followed by ultrasonication was used as a method of preparation. Precirol ATO5, Phospholipon 90G and Poloxamer 188 were used as a lipid, stabilizer and surfactant respectively. A32 Central Composite design optimised the 2 independent variables, lipid concentration and stabilizer concentration and assessed their effect on percent Entrapment Efficiency (%EE: Y1). The lyophilized SLNs were studied for stability at 5 ±3οC and 25 ± 2οC/60 ± 5% RH for 3 months. RESULTS The optimised formula derived for SLN had 270mg Precirol ATO5 and 107mg of Phospholipon 90G giving %EE of 76.53%. Mean particle size was 159.8nm with polydispersity index 0.273 and zeta potential -6.6mV. In-vitro drug release followed Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics (R2=0.917) with release exponent n=0.722 indicating non-Fickian diffusion. Transmission electron microscopy images exhibited particles to be spherical and smooth. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies ascertained drug-excipient compatibility. Stability studies suggested 5οC as appropriate temperature for storage and preserving important characteristics within acceptable limits. CONCLUSION Development and optimisation by Quality by Design were justified as it yielded SLN having acceptable characteristics and potential application for intestinal lymphatic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Agarwal
- Address correspondence to this author at the IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-kapurthala highway Kapurthala-144603 Punjab, India; Tel: 9882032426; E-mail:
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60
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Hwang DW, Jo MJ, Lee JH, Kang H, Bao K, Hu S, Baek Y, Moon HG, Lee DS, Kashiwagi S, Henary M, Choi HS. Chemical Modulation of Bioengineered Exosomes for Tissue-Specific Biodistribution. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019; 2. [PMID: 32318623 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of nanomaterials play a key role in tissue-specific targeting by reducing nonspecific background uptake as well as controlling biodistribution and clearance. Due to the strong influence of surface chemistry, chemical modulation of bioinert exosomes with chargeable and traceable small molecule fluorophores has a significant effect on the targeting, stability, and toxicity of the final conjugates. In this study, charge-variable exosomes are designed by conjugating their surface proteins with near-infrared fluorophores to control the in vivo fate of exosomes. Interestingly, zwitterionic fluorophore-labeled exosomes show rapid renal clearance with minimum to none nonspecific tissue uptake, whereas anionic exosomes are excreted through the hepatobiliary route with high uptake in the liver. The biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of exosome conjugates are comparable to their corresponding free fluorophores, demonstrating that the surface characteristics govern the fate of final conjugates in the living organism. Such unique surface properties of chemically modulated exosomes are confirmed in the lymphatic system after intradermal administration, which results in distinctive kinetic profiles in the secondary lymphoid tissues. This finding can subsequently serve as the foundation for developing tissue-specific exosome-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Won Hwang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Min Joo Jo
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeong Heon Lee
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Homan Kang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kai Bao
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shuang Hu
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yoonji Baek
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hyung Geun Moon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Maged Henary
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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61
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Mapping insoluble indole metabolites in the gastrointestinal environment of a murine colorectal cancer model using desorption/ionisation on porous silicon imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12342. [PMID: 31451756 PMCID: PMC6710270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole derivatives are a structurally diverse group of compounds found in food, toxins, medicines, and produced by commensal microbiota. On contact with acidic stomach conditions, indoles undergo condensation to generate metabolites that vary in solubility, activity and toxicity as they move through the gut. Here, using halogenated ions, we map promising chemo-preventative indoles, i) 6-bromoisatin (6Br), ii) the mixed indole natural extract (NE) 6Br is found in, and iii) the highly insoluble metabolites formed in vivo using desorption/ionisation on porous silicon-mass spectrometry imaging (DIOS-MSI). The functionalised porous silicon architecture allowed insoluble metabolites to be detected that would otherwise evade most analytical platforms, providing direct evidence for identifying the therapeutic component, 6Br, from the mixed indole NE. As a therapeutic lead, 0.025 mg/g 6Br acts as a chemo-preventative compound in a 12 week genotoxic mouse model; at this dose 6Br significantly reduces epithelial cell proliferation, tumour precursors (aberrant crypt foci; ACF); and tumour numbers while having minimal effects on liver, blood biochemistry and weight parameters compared to controls. The same could not be said for the NE where 6Br originates, which significantly increased liver damage markers. DIOS-MSI revealed a large range of previously unknown insoluble metabolites that could contribute to reduced efficacy and increased toxicity.
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62
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Huck C, Leppert D, Wegert V, Schmid C, Dunn R, Weckbecker G, Smith PA. Low-Dose Subcutaneous Anti-CD20 Treatment Depletes Disease Relevant B Cell Subsets and Attenuates Neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:709-719. [PMID: 31435856 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To explore the B cell depleting capacity of a low-dose (20 μg) subcutaneous mouse anti-CD20 antibody treatment on disease-relevant B cell populations within lymph nodes and the spleen. B cell depleting capacity was explored in healthy female C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice; following immune activation in two different mouse models: trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide model (thymus-independent response) and dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin model (thymus-dependent response); and in a chronic neuroinflammation experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. CD20 protein expression on B cell subpopulations was also studied. The subcutaneous anti-CD20 regimen resulted in rapid depletion of B cells in blood, lymph nodes and spleen. Low-dose subcutaneous treatment did not reduce antigen-specific immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G titers in all subgroups, and relatively spared splenic marginal zone (MZ) B cells in both T cell dependent and T cell independent B cell immunization models. Analysis of immune compartments during anti-CD20-modulated autoimmune neuroinflammation showed that the maximal B cell depletion was achieved within 2 days of treatment and was highest in the lymph node. Regardless of the tissues analyzed, low-dose subcutaneous treatment was characterized by rapid B cell repletion following treatment cessation. CD20 protein expression was consistent on all B cell subsets in blood, and was more pronounced in germinal center B cells of lymph nodes and MZ B-cells of the spleen. Low-dose subcutaneous anti-CD20 therapy effectively depleted B cells within lymphatic tissues and reduced the severity of neuroinflammation. These data suggest that subcutaneous anti-CD20 therapies can effectively target disease-relevant B cell populations, have shorter repletion kinetics and maintain vaccination responses, thereby achieving autoimmune amelioration without severely impacting immune surveillance functions. Graphical Abstract *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. CD, cluster of differentiation; DNP-KLH, dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin; EC50, concentration of a drug that gives half-maximal response; Ig, immunoglobulin; MZ, marginal zone; s.c., subcutaneous; SEM, standard error of mean; TNP-LPS, trinitrophenylatedlipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Huck
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - David Leppert
- Neuroscience Development Unit, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Wegert
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cindy Schmid
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Dunn
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gisbert Weckbecker
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul A Smith
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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63
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Repurposing Butenafine as An Oral Nanomedicine for Visceral Leishmaniasis. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070353. [PMID: 31330776 PMCID: PMC6680852 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting more than 12 million people worldwide, which in its visceral clinical form (VL) is characterised by the accumulation of parasites in the liver and spleen, and can lead to death if not treated. Available treatments are not well tolerated due to severe adverse effects, need for parenteral administration and patient hospitalisation, and long duration of expensive treatments. These treatment realities justify the search for new effective drugs, repurposing existing licensed drugs towards safer and non-invasive cost-effective medicines for VL. In this work, we provide proof of concept studies of butenafine and butenafine self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (B-SNEDDS) against Leishmania infantum. Liquid B-SNEDDS were optimised using design of experiments, and then were spray-dried onto porous colloidal silica carriers to produce solid-B-SNEDDS with enhanced flow properties and drug stability. Optimal liquid B-SNEDDS consisted of Butenafine:Capryol 90:Peceol:Labrasol (3:49.5:24.2:23.3 w/w), which were then sprayed-dried with Aerosil 200 with a final 1:2 (Aerosil:liquid B-SNEDDS w/w) ratio. Spray-dried particles exhibited near-maximal drug loading, while maintaining excellent powder flow properties (angle of repose <10°) and sustained release in acidic gastrointestinal media. Solid-B-SNEDDS demonstrated greater selectivity index against promastigotes and L. infantum-infected amastigotes than butenafine alone. Developed oral solid nanomedicines enable the non-invasive and safe administration of butenafine as a cost-effective and readily scalable repurposed medicine for VL.
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64
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Jang JH, Jeong SH, Lee YB. Preparation and In Vitro/In Vivo Characterization of Polymeric Nanoparticles Containing Methotrexate to Improve Lymphatic Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3312. [PMID: 31284483 PMCID: PMC6651109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid antagonist used as an effective drug to treat various kinds of cancers. However, MTX has limited use in cancer chemotherapy due to its adverse effects such as poor bioavailability, low specificity, drug resistance, and dose-dependent side effects. To improve lymphatic delivery and reduce toxicity of MTX, MTX-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared in the present study. NPs were prepared with double emulsion solvent evaporation method using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). NPs were assessed for size, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal characterization. In vitro release profiles and cytotoxicity of these NPs were also evaluated. Prepared NPs and free MTX were administered orally or intravenously (5 mg/kg as MTX) to rats to evaluate their pharmacokinetic characteristics and lymphatic delivery effects. Mean particle size and encapsulation efficiency of NPs were 163.7 ± 10.25 nm and 93.3 ± 0.5%, respectively. Prepared NPs showed a sustained release profile of MTX in vitro and may be effective to cancer cells. Area under the blood concentration-time curve, total clearance, half-life, and lymphatic targeting efficiency were significantly different (p < 0.05) between prepared NPs and free MTX. These results demonstrate that MTX-loaded PLGA NPs are good candidates for targeted delivery of MTX to the lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Yong-Bok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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65
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Sreedhar R, Kumar VS, Bhaskaran Pillai AK, Mangalathillam S. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Based Nanolipid Formulation of Atorvastatin for Treating Hyperlipidemia. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:271-280. [PMID: 31380253 PMCID: PMC6664121 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In the current study, attempts have been made to formulate an omega-3 fatty acid based nanostructured lipid carriers of atorvastatin (AT), for treating hyperlipidemia; and to evaluate their antihyperlipidemic activity using in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods: Omega-3 fatty acid based AT-loaded nanolipid carriers (NLC) were formulated by the melt emulsification ultrasonication technology. The prepared NLC consist of stearic acid (as solid lipid), omega-3 fatty acid (as liquid lipid), Tween 80, poloxamer 188 (surfactants) and soya-lecithin (co-surfactant). Results: AT loaded NLCs have a particle size of 74.76 ± 4.266 nm, a zeta potential value of -36.03 ± 1.504 mV and a high drug entrapment efficiency (EE) of 86.70 % ± 0.155. The release of AT from NLCs exhibited a sustained behaviour, which made it an ideal vehicle for drug delivery. MTT assay results indicated that NLCs are compatible with L929 (mouse fibroblast) cell lines. Anti-hyperlipidemic study showed a significant reduction in LDL and TG levels in serum with the orally administered Omega-3 fatty acid based AT loaded NLCs when compared to marketed formulation. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the omega-3 fatty acid based NLC has the potential to be a promising nanomedicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Sreedhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vrinda Sasi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sabitha Mangalathillam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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66
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Fujii H, Horie S, Sukhbaatar A, Mishra R, Sakamoto M, Mori S, Kodama T. Treatment of false-negative metastatic lymph nodes by a lymphatic drug delivery system with 5-fluorouracil. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2241-2251. [PMID: 30945479 PMCID: PMC6536938 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) may be the origin of systemic metastases. It will be important to develop a strategy that prevents systemic metastasis by treating these LNs at an early stage. False‐negative metastatic LNs, which are found during the early stage of metastasis development, are those that contain tumor cells but have a size and shape similar to LNs that do not host tumor cells. Here, we show that 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), delivered by means of a novel lymphatic drug delivery system (LDDS), can treat LNs with false‐negative metastases in a mouse model. The effects of 5‐FU on four cell lines were investigated using in vitro cytotoxicity and cell survival assays. The therapeutic effects of LDDS‐administered 5‐FU on false‐negative metastatic LNs were evaluated using bioluminescence imaging, high‐frequency ultrasound (US), and histology in MHX10/Mo‐lpr/lpr mice. These experimental animals develop LNs that are similar in size to human LNs. We found that all cell lines showed sensitivity to 5‐FU in the in vitro assays. Furthermore, a concentration‐dependent effect of 5‐FU to inhibit tumor growth was observed in tumor cells with low invasive growth characteristics, although a significant reduction in metastatic LN volume was not detected in MHX10/Mo‐lpr/lpr mice. Adverse effects of 5‐FU were not detected. 5‐Fluorouracil administration with a LDDS is an effective treatment method for false‐negative metastatic LNs. We anticipate that the delivery of anticancer drugs by a LDDS will be of great benefit in the prevention and treatment of cancer metastasis via LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Fujii
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Horie
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ariunbuyan Sukhbaatar
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Radhika Mishra
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Maya Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shiro Mori
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kodama
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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67
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Cote B, Rao D, Alany RG, Kwon GS, Alani AW. Lymphatic changes in cancer and drug delivery to the lymphatics in solid tumors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:16-34. [PMID: 31461662 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although many solid tumors use the lymphatic system to metastasize, there are few treatment options that directly target cancer present in the lymphatic system, and those that do are highly invasive, uncomfortable, and/or have limitations. In this review we provide a brief overview of lymphatic function and anatomy, discusses changes that befall the lymphatics in cancer and the mechanisms by which these changes occur, and highlight limitations of lymphatic drug delivery. We then go on to summarize relevant techniques and new research for targeting cancer populations in the lymphatics and enhancing drug delivery intralymphatically, including intralymphatic injections, isolated limb perfusion, passive nano drug delivery systems, and actively targeted nanomedicine.
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68
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Freeze-Dried Lopinavir-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Bioavailability: Statistical Optimization, in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluations. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11020097. [PMID: 30823545 PMCID: PMC6410192 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with lopinavir (LPV) were prepared by the high-shear homogenization method. The LPV-NLCs formulations were freeze-dried using trehalose as a cryoprotectant. In vitro release studies in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) showed a burst release. The optimized freeze-dried formulation (LPV-NLC-7-Tres) had a particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PdI), zeta potential (ZP) and % entrapment efficiency (%EE) of 286.8 ± 1.3 nm, 0.413 ± 0.017, −48.6 ± 0.89 mV and 88.31 ± 2.04%, respectively. The optimized formulation observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopes showed a spherical shape. Differential scanning calorimetry study revealed the absence of chemical interaction between the drug and lipids. In vitro cellular uptake study using Caco-2 cell line showed a higher LPV uptake from LPV-NLC-7-Tres formulation compared to the free LPV-suspension. The 6-month stability study showed a minimum rise of ~40 nm in PS, while no significant changes in PdI, ZP and drug content of the LPV-NLC-7-Tres formulation stored at 5 °C ± 3 °C. The bioavailability of LPV following oral administration of LPV-NLC-7-Tres in male Wistar rats was found 6.98-fold higher than the LPV-suspension. In conclusion, the nanostructure lipid carriers are potential carriers for improving the oral bioavailability of lopinavir.
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69
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Vishwakarma N, Jain A, Sharma R, Mody N, Vyas S, Vyas SP. Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Lymphatic Transportation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:83. [PMID: 30673895 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of any drug is dependent on to various factors like drug solubility, bioavailability, selection of appropriate delivery system, and proper route of administration. The oral route for the delivery of drugs is undoubtedly the most convenient, safest and has been widely used from past few decades for the effective delivery of drugs. However, despite of the numerous advantages that oral route offers, it often suffers certain limitations like low bioavailability due to poor water solubility as well as poor permeability of drugs, degradation of the drug in the physiological pH of the stomach, hepatic first-pass metabolism, etc. The researchers have been continuously working extensively to surmount and address appropriately the inherent drawbacks of the oral drug delivery. The constant and continuous efforts have led to the development of lipid-based nano drug delivery system to overcome the aforesaid associated challenges of the oral delivery through lymphatic transportation. The use of lymphatic route has demonstrated its critical and crucial role in overcoming the problem associated and related to low bioavailability of poorly water-soluble and poorly permeable drugs by bypassing intestinal absorption and possible first-pass metabolism. The current review summarizes the bonafide perks of using the lipid-based nanocarriers for the delivery of drugs using the lymphatic route. The lipid-based nanocarriers seem to be a promising delivery system which can be optimized and further explored as an alternative to the conventional dosage forms for the enhancement of oral bioavailability of drugs, with better patient compliance, minimum side effect, and improved the overall quality of life.
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70
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Teng Z, Yu M, Ding Y, Zhang H, Shen Y, Jiang M, Liu P, Opoku-Damoah Y, Webster TJ, Zhou J. Preparation and characterization of nimodipine-loaded nanostructured lipid systems for enhanced solubility and bioavailability. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 14:119-133. [PMID: 30613141 PMCID: PMC6306054 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s186899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nimodipine (NMP) is a clinical dihydropyridine calcium antagonist. However, the clinical application of NMP is limited by poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability. To overcome these drawbacks, this study designed optimal NMP-incorporated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Methods High-pressure homogenization was successfully applied to prepare NMP-NLC, and the nanoparticle morphology was observed by a transmission electron microscope. The existence form of NMP in NMP-NLC was investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The in vitro release study was performed by the dialysis method, and in vivo studies including in situ intestinal perfusion and pharmacokinetics were investigated in rats with NMP detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results The obtained NMP-NLC shared a spherical shape of ~70 nm with a smooth surface and high encapsulation efficiency of 86.8%±2.1%. Spectroscopy indicated that the drug was in an amorphous state. The NMP-NLC exhibited a sustained release and diverse release profiles under different release medium, which mimicked the physiological environment. Moreover, an in situ intestinal perfusion experiment revealed that NMP-NLC could be mainly absorbed by the small intestine. Remarkable improvements in Cmax and AUC0-∞ from NMP-NLC were obtained from pharmacokinetic experiments, and the relative bioavailability of NMP-loaded nanostructured lipid systems was 160.96% relative to NMP suspensions. Conclusion Collectively, the NLCs significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of NMP and might provide a promising nanoplatform for hydrophobic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaijin Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China,
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China,
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China,
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China,
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China,
| | - Menglao Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China,
| | - Peixin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China,
| | - Yaw Opoku-Damoah
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA,
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China,
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71
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Khan AA, Abdulbaqi IM, Abou Assi R, Murugaiyah V, Darwis Y. Lyophilized Hybrid Nanostructured Lipid Carriers to Enhance the Cellular Uptake of Verapamil: Statistical Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:323. [PMID: 30324291 PMCID: PMC6188975 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker and highly effective in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and other diseases. However, the drug has a low bioavailability of 20 to 35% due to the first pass effect. The main objective of this study was to develop hybrid verapamil-dextran nanostructured lipid carriers (HVD-NLCs) in an attempt to increase verapamil cellular uptake. The formulations were successfully prepared by a high-shear homogenization method and statistically optimized using 24 full factorial design. The HVD-NLCs formulations were freeze-dried using trehalose as a cryoprotectant. The results showed that the optimized formula (VER-9) possessed a particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and the percentage of entrapment efficiency (%EE) of 192.29 ± 2.98, 0.553 ± 0.075, and 93.26 ± 2.66%, respectively. The incorporation of dextran sulfate in the formulation had prolonged the release of verapamil (~ 85% in 48 h) in the simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). The differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed no chemical interaction between verapamil and the excipients in the formulation. While wide-angle X-ray scattering studies demonstrated the drug in the amorphous form after the incorporation in the NLCs. The transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the nanoparticles had spherical shape. The cellular uptake study using Caco-2 cell line showed a higher verapamil uptake from HVD-NLCs as compared to verapamil solution and verapamil-dextran complex. The optimized formulation (VER-9) stored in the refrigerated condition (5 °C ± 3 °C) was stable for 6 months. In conclusion, the HVD-NLCs were potential carriers for verapamil as they significantly enhanced the cellular uptake of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Ali Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim M. Abdulbaqi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
| | - Reem Abou Assi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
| | - Yusrida Darwis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
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72
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Krishnan Y, Mukundan S, Akhil S, Gupta S, Viswanad V. Enhanced Lymphatic Uptake of Leflunomide Loaded Nanolipid Carrier via Chylomicron Formation for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:257-265. [PMID: 30023327 PMCID: PMC6046432 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The current study aims the lymphatic delivery of leflunomide loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (LNLC) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, mainly focussed to enhance the lymphatic delivery via chylomicron formation, improved bioavailability and reduced systemic toxicity. Methods: Melt emulsification ultra-sonication method was used to formulate the nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) containing leflunomide. Four batches were prepared by using various concentration of surfactants (tween 80 and poloxmer 188) and lipid mixtures (stearic acid and oleic acid). All the formulations were studied for various physiochemical properties Results: The formulation with increased concentration of lipid and surfactants showed highest entrapment efficiency (93.96 ± 0.47%) and better drug release (90.35%) at the end of 48 hrs. In vivo tests were carried out to determine the antiarthritic potential of the formulation in Sprague-dawley rats for a duration of 30d. The effect was evaluated by measuring the reduction in knee thickness. LNLC showed a marked reduction in inflammation compared to standard drug. Intestinal lymphatic uptake studies of LNLC were performed by intraduodenal administration and compared with leflunomide drug solution. The mesenteric lymph node was analysed by HPLC method and the concentration of drug was estimated. It showed that LNLC having highest uptake (40.34μg/ml) when compared with leflunomide drug solution (10.04μg/ml). Radiographic analysis and histopathological studies showed the formation of healthy cartilage after treatment period. Conclusion: The results suggested that LNLC has the potential to reduce the systemic toxicities associated with conventional therapy along with improved efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadhu Krishnan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi - 682041, India
| | - Shilpa Mukundan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi - 682041, India
| | - Suresh Akhil
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi - 682041, India
| | - Swati Gupta
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi - 682041, India
| | - Vidya Viswanad
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi - 682041, India
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73
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Feturi FG, Weinstock M, Zhao W, Zhang W, Schnider JT, Erbas VE, Oksuz S, Plock JA, Rohan L, Spiess AM, Ferreira LM, Solari MG, Venkataramanan R, Gorantla VS. Mycophenolic Acid for Topical Immunosuppression in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Optimizing Formulation and Preliminary Evaluation of Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics. Front Surg 2018; 5:20. [PMID: 29868602 PMCID: PMC5954844 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA), is the active form of the ester prodrug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). MMF is an FDA approved immunosuppressive drug that has been successfully used in systemic therapy in combination with other agents for the prevention of acute rejection (AR) following solid organ transplantation (SOT) as well as in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). Systemic use of MMF is associated with gastrointestinal adverse effects. Topical delivery of the prodrug could thus provide graft-targeted immunosuppression while minimizing systemic drug exposure. Our goal was to develop a topical formulation of MPA with optimal in vitro/in vivo characteristics such as release, permeation, and tissue bioavailability to enable safety and efficacy evaluation in clinical VCA. Permeation studies were performed with a solution of MPA (10 mg/ml). In vitro release and permeation studies were performed for different semisolid formulations (Aladerm, Lipoderm, emollient, and VersaBase) of MPA (1% w/w) using a Franz Diffusion Cell System (FDCS). In vivo pharmacokinetic characterization of MPA release from Lipoderm was performed in rats. MPA in solution exhibited a steady state flux (3.8 ± 0.1 µg/cm2/h) and permeability (1.1 × 10−7 ± 3.2 × 10−9 cm/s). MPA in Lipoderm exhibited a steady state flux of 1.12 ± 0.24 µg/cm2/h, and permeability of 6.2 × 10−09 ± 1.3 × 10−9 cm/s across the biomimetic membrane. The cumulative release of MPA from Lipoderm, showed a linear single-phase profile with a R2 of 0.969. In vivo studies with MPA in Lipoderm showed markedly higher local tissue MPA levels and lower systemic MPA exposure as compared to values obtained after intravenous delivery of the same dose of drug (p < 0.05). We successfully developed for the first time, a topical formulation of MPA in Lipoderm with optimal in vitro/in vivo permeability characteristics and no undesirable local or systemic adverse effects in vivo. Our study provides key preliminary groundwork for translational efficacy studies of topical MPA in pre-clinical large animal VCA models and for effectiveness evaluation in patients receiving VCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firuz G Feturi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthias Weinstock
- Disciplina de Cirurgia Plástica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jonas T Schnider
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vasil E Erbas
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medicalpark Gaziantep Hastanesi, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Sinan Oksuz
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Gulhane Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jan A Plock
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Rohan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alexander M Spiess
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lydia M Ferreira
- Disciplina de Cirurgia Plástica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario G Solari
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vijay S Gorantla
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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74
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Yuan X, Fei F, Sun H, Xiao C, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zheng X. Tanshinol borneol ester on nanostructured lipid carriers has longer brain and systemic effector retention and better antioxidant activity in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2265-2274. [PMID: 29695905 PMCID: PMC5905822 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s159789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tanshinol borneol ester (DBZ) is a hybrid of danshensu (DSS) and borneol and has anti-ischemic activity in animals. However, its low water solubility and short half-life limit its clinical application. Methods We prepared polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified and DBZ-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DBZ-PEG-NLC) and DBZ-NLC, and examined their physical characteristics, such as particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and drug loading. The in vitro stability and pharmacokinetics in rats as well as antioxidant activity of DBZ-PEG-NLC and DBZ-NLC in a C57BL/6 mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion-related brain injury were investigated. The levels of DBZ and its hydrolyzed DSS in rat plasma and brain microdialysates were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy analysis. Results We found that the mean particle size and entrapment efficacy of DBZ-PEG-NLC were similar to that of DBZ-NLC. The DBZ-PEG-NLC, like DBZ-NLC, released DBZ in a biphasic manner with initially burst release and then prolonged slow release in vitro. Intravenous injection of DBZ-PEG-NLC resulted in significantly higher levels and longer retention periods of DBZ and DSS in plasma and the brains than DBZ-NLC and DBZ in rats. Finally, treatment with DBZ-PEG-NLC achieved a better antioxidant activity than DBZ or DBZ-NLC in mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion by reducing the levels of brain malondialdehyde, but increasing the levels of brain superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Conclusion DBZ-PEG-NLC is a preferable option to deliver DBZ for sustainable release of DSS and borneol in vivo, and may serve as a promising drug for effective therapy of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhuan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoni Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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75
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Vitetta L, Zhou J, Manuel R, Dal Forno S, Hall S, Rutolo D. Route and Type of Formulation Administered Influences the Absorption and Disposition of Vitamin B 12 Levels in Serum. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:jfb9010012. [PMID: 29361736 PMCID: PMC5872098 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of biological compounds that optimize health benefits is an ever-evolving therapeutic goal. Pharmaceutical and other adjunctive biological compounds have been administered via many different routes in order to produce a systemic pharmacological effect. The article summarizes the findings from an Australian comparative study in adults administered vitamin B12 through different oral delivery platforms. A total of 16 subjects (9 males, 7 females) voluntarily partook in a comparative clinical study of five different vitamin B12 formulations across a six-month period, completing 474 person-hours of cumulative contribution, that was equivalent to an n = 60 participation. A nanoparticle delivered vitamin B12 through a NanoCelle platform was observed to be significantly (p < 0.05) better absorbed than all other dose equivalent platforms (i.e., tablets, emulsions, or liposomes) from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 h of the study period. The nanoparticle platform delivered vitamin B12 demonstrated an enhanced and significant absorption profile as exemplified by rapid systemic detection (i.e., 1 h from baseline) when administered to the oro-buccal mucosa with no reports of any adverse events of toxicity. The nanoparticle formulation of methylcobalamin (1000 µg/dose in 0.3 mL volume) showed bioequivalence only with a chewable-dissolvable tablet that administered a five times higher dose of methylcobalamin (5000 µg) per tablet. This study has demonstrated that an active metabolite embedded in a functional biomaterial (NanoCelle) may constitute a drug delivery method that can better access the circulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vitetta
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
- Medlab Clinical, Sydney 2015, Australia.
| | - Joyce Zhou
- Medlab Clinical, Sydney 2015, Australia.
| | | | | | - Sean Hall
- Medlab Clinical, Sydney 2015, Australia.
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76
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Parikh A, Kathawala K, Tan CC, Garg S, Zhou XF. Lipid-based nanosystem of edaravone: development, optimization, characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:962-978. [PMID: 28633547 PMCID: PMC8241028 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1337825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Edaravone (EDR) is a well-recognized lipophilic free radical scavenger for diseases including neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. However, its oral use is restricted due to poor oral bioavailability (BA). The aim of present research was to enable its oral use by developing a lipid-based nanosystem (LNS). The components of LNS including oil, surfactants, and co-surfactants were selected based on their potential to maximize the solubilization in gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, reduce its glucuronidation and improve transmembrane permeability. The liquid LNS (L-LNS) with Capryol™ PGMC (Oil), Cremophor® RH 40:Labrasol®:TPGS 1000 (1:0.8:0.2) (Surfactant) and Transcutol P® (Co-surfactant) were optimized to form microemulsion having droplet size (16.25 nm), polydispersity index (0.039), % Transmittance (99.85%), and self-emulsification time (32 s). It significantly improved the EDR loading as well as its metabolism and permeability profile during transport across the GI tract. To overcome the possible drawbacks of L-LNS, Aerosil® 200 was used to formulate solid LNS (S-LNS), and its concentration was optimized based on flow properties. S-LNS possessed all quality attributes of L-LNS confirmed by solid-state characterization, reconstitution ability, and stability study. The dissolution rate of EDR was significantly enhanced with L-LNS and S-LNS in simulated gastric, and intestinal fluids. The pharmacokinetic study revealed significant improvement in relative BA, Cmax, and t1/2 with L-LNS and S-LNS against EDR suspension. Moreover, S-LNS showed superior cellular uptake and neuroprotective effect compared to EDR in SH-SY5Y695 cell line. An appropriate selection of the components of LNS could enable effective oral delivery of challenging therapeutics that are conventionally used by the parenteral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Parikh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Krishna Kathawala
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chun Chuan Tan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Kuehl C, Thati S, Sullivan B, Sestak J, Thompson M, Siahaan T, Berkland C. Pulmonary Administration of Soluble Antigen Arrays Is Superior to Antigen in Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Pharm Sci 2017. [PMID: 28625726 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific immunotherapy has been used to hyposensitize patients to allergens and offers an enticing approach for attenuating autoimmune diseases. Applying antigen-specific immunotherapy to mucosal surfaces such as the lungs may engage unique immune response pathways to improve efficacy. Pulmonary delivery of soluble antigen arrays (SAgAs) was explored in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a multiple sclerosis model. SAgAs were designed to impede immune response to autoantigen epitopes and are composed of a hyaluronan backbone with peptides PLP139-151 (proteolipid protein) and LABL, a disease-causing proteolipid peptide epitope and an intracellular cell-adhesion molecule-1 ligand, respectively. Pulmonary instillation of SAgAs decreased disease score, improved weight gain, and decreased incidence of disease in EAE mice compared to pulmonary delivery of hyaluronic acid polymer, LABL, or PLP. Interestingly, treating with PLP alone also showed some improvement. Splenocytes from SAgA-treated animals showed increased interferon-gamma levels, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17 were elevated in SAgA-treated animals compared to PLP treatments. IL-10, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels showed no significant difference, yet trends across all cytokines suggested SAgAs induced a very different immune response compared to treatment with PLP alone. This work suggests that codelivery of peptide components is essential when treating EAE via pulmonary instillation, and the immune response may have shifted toward immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kuehl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Sharadvi Thati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Bradley Sullivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Joshua Sestak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Michael Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Lawrence Memorial Hospital, Lawrence, Kansas 66044
| | - Teruna Siahaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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78
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Truzzi E, Bongio C, Sacchetti F, Maretti E, Montanari M, Iannuccelli V, Vismara E, Leo E. Self-Assembled Lipid Nanoparticles for Oral Delivery of Heparin-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Theranostic Purposes. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060963. [PMID: 28598368 PMCID: PMC6152759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have attracted increasing attention owing to their potential as an oral delivery system, promoting intestinal absorption in the lymphatic circulation which plays a role in disseminating metastatic cancer cells and infectious agents throughout the body. SLN features can be exploited for the oral delivery of theranostics. Therefore, the aim of this work was to design and characterise self-assembled lipid nanoparticles (SALNs) to encapsulate and stabilise iron oxide nanoparticles non-covalently coated with heparin (Fe@hepa) as a model of a theranostic tool. SALNs were characterised for physico-chemical properties (particle size, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro stability, and heparin leakage), as well as in vitro cytotoxicity by methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay and cell internalisation in CaCo-2, a cell line model used as an indirect indication of intestinal lymphatic absorption. SALNs of about 180 nm, which are stable in suspension and have a high encapsulation efficiency (>90%) were obtained. SALNs were able to stabilise the heparin coating of Fe@hepa, which are typically unstable in physiological environments. Moreover, SALNs–Fe@hepa showed no cytotoxicity, although their ability to be internalised into CaCo-2 cells was highlighted by confocal microscopy analysis. Therefore, the results indicated that SALNs can be considered as a promising tool to orally deliver theranostic Fe@hepa into the lymphatic circulation, although further in vivo studies are needed to comprehend further potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Chiara Bongio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", via Mancinelli 7, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesca Sacchetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Maretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Monica Montanari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Valentina Iannuccelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Elena Vismara
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", via Mancinelli 7, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Eliana Leo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Cavalcanti SMT, Nunes C, Lima SAC, Soares-Sobrinho JL, Reis S. Multiple Lipid Nanoparticles (MLN), a New Generation of Lipid Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Systems: Lamivudine-MLN Experimental Design. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1204-1216. [PMID: 28315084 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An optimized methodology for the development of a new generation of lipid nanoparticles, the multiple lipid nanoparticles (MLN) is described. MLN have characteristics between nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and multiple emulsions (W/O/W), but without the outer aqueous phase. METHODS The production is based on a hot homogenization method combined with high shear and ultrasonication. The antiretroviral agent lamivudine (3TC), was loaded in the MLN. For comparison purposes, NLC-3TC formulation was also developed and physico-chemically characterized by the same parameters as MLN-3TC. The development and optimization of MLN and NLC formulations were supported by a Quality by Design (QbD) approach. RESULTS The MLN-3TC formulation exhibited a size of about 450 nm, polydispersity <0.3 and negative zeta potential > -20 mV. Furthermore, the morphology assessed by TEM showed a structure with multiples aqueous vacuoles. MLN-3TC was physically stable for at least 45 days, had low cytotoxicity and drug release studies showed a sustained and controlled release of 3TC under gastric and plasma-simulated conditions (at pH 7.4 for about 45 h). CONCLUSIONS The optimized formulations present suitable profiles for oral administration. Overall, the results reveal that MLN present higher loading capacity and storage stability than NLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen M T Cavalcanti
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Core of Medicine and Corelated Quality Control - NCQMC Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,, Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-521, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sofia A C Lima
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José L Soares-Sobrinho
- Core of Medicine and Corelated Quality Control - NCQMC Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,, Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-521, Brazil
| | - Salette Reis
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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80
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Yee D, Coles MC, Lagos D. microRNAs in the Lymphatic Endothelium: Master Regulators of Lineage Plasticity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:104. [PMID: 28232833 PMCID: PMC5298995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. They have crucial roles in organismal development, homeostasis, and cellular responses to pathological stress. The lymphatic system is a large vascular network that actively regulates the immune response through antigen trafficking, cytokine secretion, and inducing peripheral tolerance. Here, we review the role of miRNAs in the lymphatic endothelium with a particular focus on their role in lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) plasticity, inflammation, and regulatory function. We highlight the lineage plasticity of LECs during inflammation and the importance of understanding the regulatory role of miRNAs in these processes. We propose that targeting miRNA expression in lymphatic endothelium can be a novel strategy in treating human pathologies associated with lymphatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Yee
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, University of York , York , UK
| | - Mark C Coles
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, University of York , York , UK
| | - Dimitris Lagos
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, University of York , York , UK
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81
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Ahn H, Park JH. Liposomal delivery systems for intestinal lymphatic drug transport. Biomater Res 2016; 20:36. [PMID: 27895934 PMCID: PMC5120490 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-016-0083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal lymphatic drug delivery has been widely studied because drugs can bypass the first-pass metabolism in the liver via the lymphatic route, which increases oral bioavailability. Various lipid-based nanoparticles have been used to deliver hydrophobic drugs to the lymphatic pathway. This review focuses on the liposomal delivery systems used for intestinal lymphatic drug transport. Liposomal formulations have attracted particular attention because they can stimulate the production of chylomicrons and the incorporated drugs readily associate with enterocyte-derived chylomicrons, enhancing lymphatic drug transport. We believe that a full understanding of their contribution to intestinal drug translocation will lead to effective oral delivery with liposomal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeji Ahn
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, and Institute of Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, and Institute of Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
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82
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Liu W, Pan H, Zhang C, Zhao L, Zhao R, Zhu Y, Pan W. Developments in Methods for Measuring the Intestinal Absorption of Nanoparticle-Bound Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071171. [PMID: 27455239 PMCID: PMC4964542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, novel drug delivery systems comprising orally administered nanoparticles (NPs) have been paid increasing attention in recent years. The bioavailability of orally administered drugs has significant influence on drug efficacy and therapeutic dosage, and it is therefore imperative that the intestinal absorption of oral NPs be investigated. This review examines the various literature on the oral absorption of polymeric NPs, and provides an overview of the intestinal absorption models that have been developed for the study of oral nanoparticles. Three major categories of models including a total of eight measurement methods are described in detail (in vitro: dialysis bag, rat gut sac, Ussing chamber, cell culture model; in situ: intestinal perfusion, intestinal loops, intestinal vascular cannulation; in vivo: the blood/urine drug concentration method), and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are contrasted and elucidated. In general, in vitro and in situ methods are relatively convenient but lack accuracy, while the in vivo method is troublesome but can provide a true reflection of drug absorption in vivo. This review summarizes the development of intestinal absorption experiments in recent years and provides a reference for the systematic study of the intestinal absorption of nanoparticle-bound drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hao Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK.
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Liling Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ruixia Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yongtao Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Weisan Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Date AA, Hanes J, Ensign LM. Nanoparticles for oral delivery: Design, evaluation and state-of-the-art. J Control Release 2016; 240:504-526. [PMID: 27292178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The oral route is a preferred method of drug administration, though achieving effective drug delivery and minimizing off-target side effects is often challenging. Formulation into nanoparticles can improve drug stability in the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) tract environment, providing opportunities for targeting specific sites in the GI tract, increasing drug solubility and bioavailability, and providing sustained release in the GI tract. However, the unique and diverse physiology throughout the GI tract, including wide variation in pH, mucus that varies in thickness and structure, numerous cell types, and various physiological functions are both a barrier to effective delivery and an opportunity for nanoparticle design. Here, nanoparticle design aspects to improve delivery to particular sites in the GI tract are discussed. We then review new methods for evaluating oral nanoparticle formulations, including a short commentary on data interpretation and translation. Finally, the state-of-the-art in preclinical targeted nanoparticle design is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit A Date
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Environmental and Health Sciences, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Laura M Ensign
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Singh Y, Srinivas A, Gangwar M, Meher JG, Misra-Bhattacharya S, Chourasia MK. Subcutaneously Administered Ultrafine PLGA Nanoparticles Containing Doxycycline Hydrochloride Target Lymphatic Filarial Parasites. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2084-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj Singh
- Pharmaceutics
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, 226031
| | - Adepu Srinivas
- Pharmaceutics
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, 226031
| | - Mamta Gangwar
- Parasitology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, 226031
| | - Jaya Gopal Meher
- Pharmaceutics
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, 226031
| | | | - Manish K. Chourasia
- Pharmaceutics
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, 226031
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Soltani S, Rafiei A, Ramezani Z, Abbaspour MR, Jelowdar A, Sagha Kahvaz M. Evaluation of the Hydatid Cyst Membrane Permeability of Albendazole and Albendazole Sulfoxide-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-34723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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86
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Evaluation of the Hydatid Cyst Membrane Permeability of Albendazole and Albendazole Sulfoxide-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.34723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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87
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Fink DM, Steele MM, Hollingsworth MA. The lymphatic system and pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 381:217-36. [PMID: 26742462 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes current knowledge of the biology, pathology and clinical understanding of lymphatic invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. We discuss the clinical and biological consequences of lymphatic invasion and metastasis, including paraneoplastic effects on immune responses and consider the possible benefit of therapies to treat tumors that are localized to lymphatics. A review of current techniques and methods to study interactions between tumors and lymphatics is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darci M Fink
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
| | - Maria M Steele
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
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88
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Calderón-Colón X, Raimondi G, Benkoski JJ, Patrone JB. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) for Intracellular Targeting Applications. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26650036 DOI: 10.3791/53102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based delivery vehicles have shown great promise for intracellular targeting applications, providing a mechanism to specifically alter cellular signaling and gene expression. In a previous investigation, the synthesis of ultra-small solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for topical drug delivery and biomarker detection applications was demonstrated. SLNs are a well-studied example of a nanoparticle delivery system that has emerged as a promising drug delivery vehicle. In this study, SLNs were loaded with a fluorescent dye and used as a model to investigate particle-cell interactions. The phase inversion temperature (PIT) method was used for the synthesis of ultra-small populations of biocompatible nanoparticles. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was utilized in order to establish appropriate dosing levels prior to the nanoparticle-cell interaction studies. Furthermore, primary human dermal fibroblasts and mouse dendritic cells were exposed to dye-loaded SLN over time and the interactions with respect to toxicity and particle uptake were characterized using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. This study demonstrated that ultra-small SLNs, as a nanoparticle delivery system, are suitable for intracellular targeting of different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiomara Calderón-Colón
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory
| | - Giorgio Raimondi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
| | - Jason J Benkoski
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory
| | - Julia B Patrone
- Asymmetric Operations Sector, The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory;
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89
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Ucisik MH, Sleytr UB, Schuster B. Emulsomes meet S-layer proteins: an emerging targeted drug delivery system. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2015; 16:392-405. [PMID: 25697368 PMCID: PMC4460288 DOI: 10.2174/138920101604150218112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, the use of emulsomes as a drug delivery system is reviewed and compared with other similar lipidic nanoformulations. In particular, we look at surface modification of emulsomes using S-layer proteins, which are self-assembling proteins that cover the surface of many prokaryotic organisms. It has been shown that covering emulsomes with a crystalline S-layer lattice can protect cells from oxidative stress and membrane damage. In the future, the capability to recrystallize S-layer fusion proteins on lipidic nanoformulations may allow the presentation of binding functions or homing protein domains to achieve highly specific targeted delivery of drug-loaded emulsomes. Besides the discussion on several designs and advantages of composite emulsomes, the success of emulsomes for the delivery of drugs to fight against viral and fungal infections, dermal therapy, cancer, and autoimmunity is summarized. Further research might lead to smart, biocompatible emulsomes, which are able to protect and reduce the side effects caused by the drug, but at the same time are equipped with specific targeting molecules to find the desired site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernhard Schuster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Ekinciler Cad. No.19, 34810 Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey.
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90
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Lopes-de-Araújo J, Neves AR, Gouveia VM, Moura CC, Nunes C, Reis S. Oxaprozin-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles towards Overcoming NSAIDs Side-Effects. Pharm Res 2015; 33:301-14. [PMID: 26350105 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) loading oxaprozin were developed to address an effective drug packaging and targeted delivery, improving the drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties and avoiding the local gastric side-effects. Macrophages actively phagocyte particles with sizes larger than 200 nm and, when activated, over-express folate beta receptors - features that in the case of this work constitute the basis for passive and active targeting strategies. METHODS Two formulations containing oxaprozin were developed: NLCs with and without folate functionalization. In order to target the macrophages folate receptors, a DSPE-PEG2000-FA conjugate was synthesized and added to the NLCs. RESULTS These formulations presented a relatively low polydispersity index (approximately 0.2) with mean diameters greater than 200 nm and zeta potential inferior to -40 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of the particles was superior to 95% and the loading capacity was of 9%, approximately. The formulations retained the oxaprozin release in simulated gastric fluid (only around 10%) promoting its release on simulated intestinal fluid. MTT and LDH assays revealed that the formulations only presented cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells for oxaprozin concentrations superior to 100 μM. Permeability studies in Caco-2 cells shown that oxaprozin encapsulation did not interfered with oxaprozin permeability (around 0.8 × 10(-5) cm/s in simulated intestinal fluid and about 1.45 × 10(-5) cm/s in PBS). Moreover, in RAW 264.7 cells NLCs functionalization promoted an increased uptake over time mainly mediated by a caveolae uptake mechanism. CONCLUSIONS The developed nanoparticles enclose a great potential for oxaprozin oral administration with significant less gastric side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lopes-de-Araújo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rute Neves
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Virgínia M Gouveia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina C Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Salette Reis
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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91
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Zhang XY, Lu WY. Recent advances in lymphatic targeted drug delivery system for tumor metastasis. Cancer Biol Med 2015; 11:247-54. [PMID: 25610710 PMCID: PMC4296090 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system has an important defensive role in the human body. The metastasis of most tumors initially spreads through the surrounding lymphatic tissue and eventually forms lymphatic metastatic tumors; the tumor cells may even transfer to other organs to form other types of tumors. Clinically, lymphatic metastatic tumors develop rapidly. Given the limitations of surgical resection and the low effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the treatment of lymphatic metastatic tumors remains a great challenge. Lymph node metastasis may lead to the further spread of tumors and may be predictive of the endpoint event. Under these circumstances, novel and effective lymphatic targeted drug delivery systems have been explored to improve the specificity of anticancer drugs to tumor cells in lymph nodes. In this review, we summarize the principles of lymphatic targeted drug delivery and discuss recent advances in the development of lymphatic targeted carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China ; 2 Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Yue Lu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China ; 2 Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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92
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Tran TH, Ramasamy T, Truong DH, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO. Preparation and characterization of fenofibrate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for oral bioavailability enhancement. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:1509-15. [PMID: 25035071 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) in improving the oral bioavailability of a lipid lowering agent, fenofibrate (FEN). FEN-loaded NLCs (FEN-NLCs) were prepared by hot homogenization followed by an ultrasonication method using Compritol 888 ATO as a solid lipid, Labrafil M 1944CS as a liquid lipid, and soya lecithin and Tween 80 as emulsifiers. NLCs were characterized in terms of particle size and zeta potential, surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and physical state properties. Bioavailability studies were carried out in rats by oral administration of FEN-NLC. NLCs exhibited a spherical shape with a small particle size (84.9 ± 4.9 nm). The drug entrapment efficiency was 99% with a loading capacity of 9.93 ± 0.01% (w/w). Biphasic drug release manner with a burst release initially, followed by prolonged release was depicted for in vitro drug release studies. After oral administration of the FEN-NLC, drug concentration in plasma and AUCt-∞ was fourfold higher, respectively, compared to the free FEN suspension. According to these results, FEN-NLC could be a potential delivery system for improvement of loading capacity and control of drug release, thus prolonging drug action time in the body and enhancing the bioavailability.
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93
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Luan J, Yang X, Chu L, Xi Y, Zhai G. PEGylated long circulating nanostructured lipid carriers for Amoitone B: Preparation, cytotoxicity and intracellular uptake. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 428:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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94
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Oh KS, Yhee JY, Lee DE, Kim K, Kwon IC, Seo JH, Kim SY, Yuk SH. Accurate sequential detection of primary tumor and metastatic lymphatics using a temperature-induced phase transition nanoparticulate system. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2955-65. [PMID: 24971007 PMCID: PMC4069145 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s63720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary tumor and tumor-associated metastatic lymphatics have emerged as new targets for anticancer therapy, given that these are difficult to treat using traditional chemotherapy. In this study, docetaxel-loaded Pluronic nanoparticles with Flamma™ (FPR-675, fluorescence molecular imaging dye; DTX/FPR-675 Pluronic NPs) were prepared using a temperature-induced phase transition for accurate detection of metastatic lymphatics. Significant accumulation was seen at the primary tumor and in metastatic lymph nodes within a short time. Particle size, maximum drug loading capacity, and drug encapsulation efficiency of the docetaxel-loaded Pluronic NPs were approximately 10.34±4.28 nm, 3.84 wt%, and 94±2.67 wt%, respectively. Lymphatic tracking after local and systemic delivery showed that DTX/FPR-675 Pluronic NPs were more potent in tumor-bearing mice than in normal mice, and excised mouse lymphatics showed stronger near-infrared fluorescence intensity on the tumor-bearing side than on the non-tumor-bearing side at 60 minutes post-injection. In vivo cytotoxicity and efficacy data for the NPs demonstrated that the systemically administered NPs caused little tissue damage and had minimal side effects in terms of slow renal excretion and prolonged circulation in tumor-bearing mice, and rapid renal excretion in non-tumor-bearing mice using an in vivo real-time near-infrared fluorescence imaging system. These results clearly indicate that docetaxel-loaded Pluronic NPs could provide a strategy to achieve effective cancer therapy by simultaneous delivery to primary tumors, tumor lymphatics, and tumor-associated metastatic lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Sang Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Yhee
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeonbuk, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hong Yuk
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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