51
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Computational Study of Selected Amine and Lactam N-Oxides Including Comparisons of N-O Bond Dissociation Enthalpies with Those of Pyridine N-Oxides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163703. [PMID: 32823830 PMCID: PMC7463812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational study of the structures and energetics of amine N-oxides, including pyridine N-oxides, trimethylamine N-oxide, bridgehead bicyclic amine N-oxides, and lactam N-oxides, allowed comparisons with published experimental data. Most of the computations employed the B3LYP/6-31G* and M06/6-311G+(d,p) models and comparisons were also made between the results of the HF 6-31G*, B3LYP/6-31G**, B3PW91/6-31G*, B3PW91/6-31G**, and the B3PW91/6-311G+(d,p) models. The range of calculated N-O bond dissociation energies (BDE) (actually enthalpies) was about 40 kcal/mol. Of particular interest was the BDE difference between pyridine N-oxide (PNO) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Published thermochemical and computational (HF 6-31G*) data suggest that the BDE of PNO was only about 2 kcal/mol greater than that of TMAO. The higher IR frequency for N-O stretch in PNO and its shorter N-O bond length suggest a greater difference in BDE values, predicted at 10–14 kcal/mol in the present work. Determination of the enthalpy of sublimation of TMAO, or at least the enthalpy of fusion and estimation of the enthalpy of vaporization might solve this dichotomy. The “extra” resonance stabilization in pyridine N-oxide relative to pyridine was consistent with the 10–14 kcal/mol increase in BDE, relative to TMAO, and was about half the “extra” stabilization in phenoxide, relative to phenol or benzene. Comparison of pyridine N-oxide with its acyclic model nitrone (“Dewar-Breslow model”) indicated aromaticity slightly less than that of pyridine.
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52
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Kruschel RD, Buzid A, Khandavilli UBR, Lawrence SE, Glennon JD, McCarthy FO. Isoquinolinequinone N-oxides as anticancer agents effective against drug resistant cell lines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:557-568. [PMID: 31894828 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02441g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The isoquinolinequinone (IQQ) pharmacophore is a privileged framework in known cytotoxic natural product families, caulibugulones and mansouramycins. Exploiting both families as a chemical starting point, we report on the structured development of an IQQ N-oxide anticancer framework which exhibits growth inhibition in the nM range across melanoma, ovarian and leukaemia cancer cell lines. A new lead compound (16, R6 = benzyl, R7 = H) exhibits nM GI50 values against 31/57 human tumour cell lines screened as part of the NCI60 panel and shows activity against doxorubicin resistant tumour cell lines. An electrochemical study highlights a correlation between electropositivity of the IQQ N-oxide framework and cytotoxicity. Adduct binding to sulfur based biological nucleophiles glutathione and cysteine was observed in vitro. This new framework possesses significant anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Kruschel
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
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53
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Fukushiro-Lopes D, Hegel AD, Russo A, Senyuk V, Liotta M, Beeson GC, Beeson CC, Burdette J, Potkul RK, Gentile S. Repurposing Kir6/SUR2 Channel Activator Minoxidil to Arrests Growth of Gynecologic Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:577. [PMID: 32457608 PMCID: PMC7227431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers are among the most lethal cancers found in women, and, advanced stage cancers are still a treatment challenge. Ion channels are known to contribute to cellular homeostasis in all cells and mounting evidence indicates that ion channels could be considered potential therapeutic targets against cancer. Nevertheless, the pharmacologic effect of targeting ion channels in cancer is still understudied. We found that the expression of Kir6.2/SUR2 potassium channel is a potential favorable prognostic factor in gynecologic cancers. Also, pharmacological stimulation of the Kir6.2/SUR2 channel activity with the selective activator molecule minoxidil arrests tumor growth in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer. Investigation on the mechanism linking the Kir6.2/SUR2 to tumor growth revealed that minoxidil alters the metabolic and oxidative state of cancer cells by producing mitochondrial disruption and extensive DNA damage. Consequently, application of minoxidil results in activation of a caspase-3 independent cell death pathway. Our data show that repurposing of FDA approved K+ channel activators may represent a novel, safe adjuvant therapeutic approach to traditional chemotherapy for the treatment of gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra D Hegel
- Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Angela Russo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vitalyi Senyuk
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Margaret Liotta
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Gyda C Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Joanna Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ronald K Potkul
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Saverio Gentile
- Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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54
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Fukazawa Y, Rubtsov AE, Malkov AV. A Mild Method for Electrochemical Reduction of Heterocyclic N
-Oxides. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Loughborough University; LE11 3TU Loughborough Leicestershire UK
| | | | - Andrei V. Malkov
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Loughborough University; LE11 3TU Loughborough Leicestershire UK
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55
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Guo C, Wang H, Lynch VM, Ji X, Page ZA, Sessler JL. Molecular recognition of pyrazine N, N'-dioxide using aryl extended calix[4]pyrroles. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5650-5657. [PMID: 34094078 PMCID: PMC8159416 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01496f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Calix[4]pyrrole (C4P)-based systems have been extensively explored as binding agents for anions and ion pairs. However, their capacity to act as molecular containers for neutral species remains underexplored. We report here the molecular recognition of pyrazine N,N'-dioxide (PZDO) using a series of aryl extended C4Ps including three α,α-diaryl substituted C4Ps (receptors 1-3), an α,β-diaryl substituted C4P (receptor 4) and an α,α,α,α-tetraaryl substituted C4P (receptor 5). Single crystal structural analyses of the 2 : 1 host-guest complexes between receptors 1-3 and PZDO revealed that the C4P subunits exist in an unusual partial cone conformation and that the PZDO guest is held within electron-rich cavities formed by the lower rims of the individual C4P macrocycle. In contrast, receptor 5 was seen to adopt the cone conformation in the solid state, allowing one PZDO molecule to be accommodated inside the upper-rim cavity. Evidence for guest-directed self-assembly is also seen in the solid state. Evidence for C4P-PZDO interactions in CD3CN/CD3OD solution came from 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations. Electrostatic potential maps created by means of density functional theory calculations were constructed. Density functional theory calculations were also performed to analyse the energetics of various limiting binding modes. On the basis of these studies, it is inferred that interactions between the 'two-wall' C4P derivatives (i.e. receptors 1-4) and PZDO involve a complex binding mode that differs from what has been seen in previous host-guest complexes formed between C4Ps and N-oxides. The present study thus paves the way for the further design of C4P-based receptors with novel recognition features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712 USA
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56
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Guo S, Liu R, Wang W, Hu H, Li Z, Zhang X. Designing an Artificial Pathway for the Biosynthesis of a Novel Phenazine N-Oxide in Pseudomonas chlororaphis HT66. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:883-892. [PMID: 32197042 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic N-oxides are valuable due to their versatile chemical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural applications. Natural phenazine N-oxides possess potent biological activities and can be applied in many ways; however, few N-oxides have been identified. Herein, we developed a microbial system to synthesize phenazine N-oxides via an artificial pathway. First, the N-monooxygenase NaphzNO1 was predicted and screened in Nocardiopsis sp. 13-12-13 through a product comparison and gene sequencing. Subsequently, according to similarities in the chemical structures of substrates, an artificial pathway for the synthesis of a phenazine N-oxide in Pseudomonas chlororaphis HT66 was designed and established using three heterologous enzymes, a monooxygenase (PhzS) from P. aeruginosa PAO1, a monooxygenase (PhzO) from P. chlororaphis GP72, and the N-monooxygenase NaphzNO1. A novel phenazine derivative, 1-hydroxyphenazine N'10-oxide, was obtained in an engineered strain, P. chlororaphis HT66-SN. The phenazine N-monooxygenase NaphzNO1 was identified by metabolically engineering the phenazine-producing platform P. chlororaphis HT66. Moreover, the function of NaphzNO1, which can catalyze the conversion of 1-hydroxyphenazine but not that of 2-hydroxyphenazine, was confirmed in vitro. Additionally, 1-hydroxyphenazine N'10-oxide demonstrated substantial cytotoxic activity against two human cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HT-29. Furthermore, the highest microbial production of 1-hydroxyphenazine N'10-oxide to date was achieved at 143.4 mg/L in the metabolically engineered strain P3-SN. These findings demonstrate that P. chlororaphis HT66 has the potential to be engineered as a platform for phenazine-modifying gene identification and derivative production. The present study also provides a promising alternative for the sustainable synthesis of aromatic N-oxides with unique chemical structures by N-monooxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rongfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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57
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Therapeutic Efficacy of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Flowers to Inhibit Proliferation of Acute and Chronic Primary Human Leukemia Cells, with Adipocyte Differentiation and in Silico Analysis of Interactions between Survivin Protein and Selected Secondary Metabolites. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020165. [PMID: 31973079 PMCID: PMC7072598 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the antidiabetic efficacy of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flowers has been reported, antiproliferative and anti-obesity activities are yet to be explored. We examined the anti-obesity and antiproliferative potentials of different fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol) of N. abor-tristis flower extract for the first time using 3T3-L1 cells, primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from healthy and adult acute myeloid (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients, recombinant Jurkat T cells, and MCF7 cell lines. The in vitro hypoglycemic activity was evaluated using the inhibition of α-amylase enzyme and glucose uptake by yeast cells. The percentage glucose uptake and α-amylase inhibitory activity increased in a dose-dependent manner in the crude and the tested fractions (hexane and ethyl acetate). Inhibition of the 3T3-L1 cells’ differentiation was observed in the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions, followed by the hexane fraction. Antiproliferative analyses revealed that Nyctanthes exerted a high specific activity against anti-AML and anti-CLL PBMC cells, especially by the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of 1-heptacosanol (hexane fraction), 1-octadecene (hexane and chloroform fractions), and other organic compounds. Molecular docking demonstrated that phenol,2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and 4-hydroxypyridine 1-oxide compounds showed specificity toward survivin protein, indicating the feasibility of N. abor-tristis in developing new drug leads against leukemia.
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58
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Wrzeszcz Z, Siedlecka R. Heteroaromatic N-Oxides in Asymmetric Catalysis: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020330. [PMID: 31947566 PMCID: PMC7024222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing interest in the synthesis and use of optically active pyridine N-oxides as chiral controllers for asymmetric reactions has been observed in the last few years. Chiral heteroaromatic N-oxides can work as powerful electron-pair donors, providing suitable electronic environments in the transition state formed within the reaction. The nucleophilicity of the oxygen atom in N-oxides, coupled with a high affinity of silicon to oxygen, represent ideal properties for the development of synthetic methodology based on nucleophilic activation of organosilicon reagents. The application of chiral N-oxides as efficient organocatalysts in allylation, propargylation, allenylation, and ring-opening of meso-epoxides, as well as chiral ligands for metal complexes catalyzing Michael addition or nitroaldol reaction, can also be found in the literature. This review deals with stereoselective applications of N-oxides, and how the differentiating properties are correlated with their structure. It contains more recent results, covering approximately the last ten years. All the reported examples have been divided into five classes, according to the chirality elements present in their basic molecular frameworks.
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59
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Kouznetsov VV, Vargas Méndez LY, Puerto Galvis CE, Ortiz Villamizar MC. The direct C–H alkenylation of quinoline N-oxides as a suitable strategy for the synthesis of promising antiparasitic drugs. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the direct C–H alkenylation of quinoline N-oxides covering the metal-free and transition-metal catalysed protocols, and the regioselectivity during the synthesis of antiparasitic drugs based on quinoline scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Kouznetsov
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular
- CMN
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará
- Piedecuesta 681011
| | - Leonor Y. Vargas Méndez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular
- CMN
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará
- Piedecuesta 681011
| | - Carlos E. Puerto Galvis
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular
- CMN
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará
- Piedecuesta 681011
| | - Marlyn C. Ortiz Villamizar
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular
- CMN
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará
- Piedecuesta 681011
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60
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Feng J, He T, Xie Y, Yu Y, Baell JB, Huang F. I 2-Promoted [4 + 2] cycloaddition of in situ generated azoalkenes with enaminones: facile and efficient synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridazines and pyridazines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9483-9493. [PMID: 33179698 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01958e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient strategy for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridazines and pyridazines through I2-promoted [4 + 2] cycloaddition of in situ generated azoalkenes with enaminones has been developed. The switch in selectivity is attributed to the judicious choice of different reaction temperatures. The key features of this work include controllable and selective synthesis, good functional group tolerance, good to excellent reaction yields, metal/base-free conditions, and also applicability to one-pot methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Tiantong He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Yuxing Xie
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China. and Medicinal Chemistry Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China. and School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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61
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Ivanov AV, Martynovskaya SV, Shcherbakova VS, Ushakov IA, Borodina TN, Bobkov AS, Vitkovskaya NM. Ambient access to a new family of pyrrole-fused pyrazine nitrones via 2-carbonyl- N-allenylpyrroles. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00762e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The chemo-, regio- and stereoselective synthesis of pyrrole-fused pyrazine nitrones via the direct reaction of 2-carbonyl-N-allenylpyrroles (readily accessible from the corresponding NH-pyrroles) with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Ivanov
- Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana V. Martynovskaya
- Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Victoria S. Shcherbakova
- Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Igor A. Ushakov
- Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana N. Borodina
- Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Bobkov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems
- Irkutsk State University
- 664003 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda M. Vitkovskaya
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems
- Irkutsk State University
- 664003 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
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62
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Manevski N, King L, Pitt WR, Lecomte F, Toselli F. Metabolism by Aldehyde Oxidase: Drug Design and Complementary Approaches to Challenges in Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10955-10994. [PMID: 31385704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde oxidase (AO) catalyzes oxidations of azaheterocycles and aldehydes, amide hydrolysis, and diverse reductions. AO substrates are rare among marketed drugs, and many candidates failed due to poor pharmacokinetics, interspecies differences, and adverse effects. As most issues arise from complex and poorly understood AO biology, an effective solution is to stop or decrease AO metabolism. This perspective focuses on rational drug design approaches to modulate AO-mediated metabolism in drug discovery. AO biological aspects are also covered, as they are complementary to chemical design and important when selecting the experimental system for risk assessment. The authors' recommendation is an early consideration of AO-mediated metabolism supported by computational and in vitro experimental methods but not an automatic avoidance of AO structural flags, many of which are versatile and valuable building blocks. Preferably, consideration of AO-mediated metabolism should be part of the multiparametric drug optimization process, with the goal to improve overall drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Manevski
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - Lloyd King
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - William R Pitt
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Lecomte
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Toselli
- UCB BioPharma , Chemin du Foriest 1 , 1420 Braine-l'Alleud , Belgium
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63
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Rossi R, Ciofalo M. Current Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pharmacologically Relevant 1,2,4,5-Tetrasubstituted-1H-Imidazole Derivatives. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191014154129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
:
In recent years, the synthesis and evaluation of the
biological properties of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole
derivatives have been the subject of a large number of studies
by academia and industry. In these studies it has been shown
that this large and highly differentiated class of heteroarene
derivatives includes high valuable compounds having important
biological and pharmacological properties such as
antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer,
antiviral, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, antifibrotic,
antiuricemic, antidiabetic, antileishmanial and antiulcer
activities.
:
The present review with 411 references, in which we focused on the literature data published mainly from 2011
to 2017, aims to update the readers on the recent developments on the synthesis and biological evaluation of
pharmacologically relevant 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole derivatives with an emphasis on their different
molecular targets and their potential use as drugs to treat various types of diseases. Reference was also
made to substantial literature data acquired before 2011 in this burgeoning research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa - via Moruzzi, 3, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ciofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo - Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 4, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
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64
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Mech P, Bogunia M, Nowacki A, Makowski M. Calculations of pKa Values of Selected Pyridinium and Its N-Oxide Ions in Water and Acetonitrile. J Phys Chem A 2019; 124:538-551. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mech
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bogunia
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Makowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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65
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Wang Y, Ren FD, Cao DL. A dynamic and electrostatic potential prediction of the prototropic tautomerism between imidazole 3-oxide and 1-hydroxyimidazole in external electric field. J Mol Model 2019; 25:330. [PMID: 31659461 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to obtain an optimum scheme for separating the proton-transfer tautomer, a dynamic investigation into the effect of the external electric field on the proton-transfer tautomeric conversion in imidazole 3-oxide and 1-hydroxyimidazole was carried out at the M06-2X/6-311++G** and CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2d,p) level, accompanied by the analysis of the surface electrostatic potentials. The results show that, for both the forward reaction "imidazole 3-oxide → N-hydroxyimidazole free radical → 1-hydroxyimidazole" and its reverse reaction processes, the fields parallel to the N→O or N-OH bond axis affect the barrier heights and rate constants considerably more than those parallel to the other orientations. As the field strength is increased along the orientation from the O to N atom, the chemical equilibrium moves toward the direction for the formation of 1-hydroxyimidazole, while the amount of imidazole 3-oxide is increased with the increased field strength along the opposite orientation. In the fields along the orientation consistent with the dipole moment, the electrostatic potentials and their variances "abnormally" increase for the transition states with the N→O bond in comparison with those in no field (they decrease generally), which enhances the nucleophilicity of the coordination O atom and the electrophilicity of the activated H atom. The analyses of the AIM (atoms in molecules) and NICS (nucleus-independent chemical shift) were used to explain the above anomaly. Graphical Abstract Electrostatic potentials and their variances "abnormally" increase in the external electric field, which greatly affects tautomeric conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Shanxi Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Fu-de Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Shanxi Taiyuan, 030051, China.
| | - Duan-Lin Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Shanxi Taiyuan, 030051, China
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66
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Li D, Wu P, Sun N, Lu YJ, Wong WL, Fang Z, Zhang K. The Diversity of Heterocyclic N-oxide Molecules: Highlights on their Potential in Organic Synthesis, Catalysis and Drug Applications. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190408095257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and chemistry of heterocyclic N-oxide derivatives such as those from pyridine and indazole are very well-known due to their usefulness as versatile synthetic intermediates and their biological importance. These classes of organic compounds have been demonstrated in many interesting and amazing functionalities, particularly vital in the areas including metal complexes formation, catalysts design, asymmetric catalysis and synthesis, and medicinal applications (some potent N-oxide compounds with anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory activity, etc.). Therefore, the heterocyclic N-oxide motif has been successfully employed in a number of recent advanced chemistry and drug development investigations. In the present review, our primary aim was to provide a relevant summary focusing on the topics of organic synthesis and medical application potential of the compounds cited, which could be attractive and give some insights to researchers in the field. Therefore, we mainly highlight the importance of heterocyclic N-oxide derivatives including those synthesized from imidazole, indazole, indole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyridine, and pyrimidine in organic syntheses and catalysis, and drug applications. Over the past years, a number of reviews have been published on the organic synthesis and catalysis of N-oxides. We thus concentrated on highlighting those rarely mentioned or recently reported systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R, China
| | - Yu-Jing Lu
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R, China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R, China
| | - Zhiyuang Fang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, P.R., China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R, China
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67
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Fukazawa Y, Vaganov VY, Shipilovskikh SA, Rubtsov AE, Malkov AV. Stereoselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Bipyridine N,N'-Dioxides by Oxidative Coupling. Org Lett 2019; 21:4798-4802. [PMID: 31184169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bipyridine N,N'-dioxide is a structural fragment found in many bioactive compounds. Furthermore, chiral analogues secured their place as powerful Lewis base catalysts. The scope of the existing methods for the synthesis of atropisomeric bipyridine N,N'-dioxides is limited. Herein, we present a practical, highly chemo- and stereoselective method for oxidative dimerization of chiral pyridine N-oxides using O2 as a terminal oxidant. A series of 13 axially chiral bipyridine N,N'-dioxides were synthesized in up to 75% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough LE11 3TU , U.K
| | - Vladimir Yu Vaganov
- Department of Chemistry , Perm State University , Bukireva 15 , Perm 614990 , Russia
| | - Sergei A Shipilovskikh
- Department of Chemistry , Perm State University , Bukireva 15 , Perm 614990 , Russia.,Institute of Chemical Technology , Ural Federal University , Mira 19 , Yekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
| | - Aleksandr E Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry , Perm State University , Bukireva 15 , Perm 614990 , Russia
| | - Andrei V Malkov
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough LE11 3TU , U.K
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68
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Abstract
The aromatic N-oxides have received increased attention over the last few years due to their potential application in medicine, agriculture and organic chemistry. As a green alternative in their synthesis, the biocatalytic method employing whole cells of Escherichia coli bearing phenol monooxygenase like protein PmlABCDEF (from here on – PML monooxygenase) has been introduced. In this work, site-directed mutagenesis was used to study the contributions of active site neighboring residues I106, A113, G109, F181, F200, F209 to the regiospecificity of N-oxidation. Based on chromogenic indole oxidation screening, a collection of PML mutants with altered catalytic properties was created. Among the tested mutants, the A113G variant acquired the most distinguishable N-oxidations capacity. This new variant of PML was able to produce dioxides (quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine-1,4-dioxide) and specific mono-N-oxides (2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine-1-oxide) that were unachievable using the wild type PML. This mutant also featured reshaped regioselectivity as N-oxidation shifted towards quinazoline-1-oxide compared to quinazoline-3-oxide that is produced by the wild type PML.
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69
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Fan Z, Pan Z, Huang L, Cheng J. Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic 6-Endo-Trig Cyclization of β,γ-Unsaturated Hydrazones for the Divergent Synthesis of Dihydropyridazines and Pyridazines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4236-4245. [PMID: 30883118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A divergent synthetic strategy to 1,6-dihydropyridazines and pyridazines through Cu(II)-catalyzed controllable aerobic 6-endo-trig cyclization was developed. The selectivity can be rationally tuned via the judicious choice of reaction solvent. It was found that the 1,6-dihydropyridazines were obtained in moderate to high yields with CH3CN as the reaction solvent, whereas employment of AcOH directly afforded pyridazines in up to 92% yields, probably arising from the oxidation of the in situ generated 1,6-dihydropyridazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , 2 Xueyuan Road , Fuzhou 350116 , P. R. China
| | - Zhangjin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , 2 Xueyuan Road , Fuzhou 350116 , P. R. China
| | - Liangsen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , 2 Xueyuan Road , Fuzhou 350116 , P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , 2 Xueyuan Road , Fuzhou 350116 , P. R. China
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70
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Zhu JS, Li CJ, Tsui KY, Kraemer N, Son JH, Haddadin MJ, Tantillo DJ, Kurth MJ. Accessing Multiple Classes of 2 H-Indazoles: Mechanistic Implications for the Cadogan and Davis-Beirut Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6247-6253. [PMID: 30912441 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Cadogan cyclization is a robust but harsh method for the synthesis of 2 H-indazoles, a valuable class of nitrogen heterocycles. Although nitrene generation by exhaustive deoxygenation is widely accepted as the operating mechanism in the reductive cyclization of nitroaromatics, non-nitrene pathways have only been theorized previously. Here, 2 H-indazole N-oxides were synthesized through an interrupted Cadogan/Davis-Beirut reaction and are presented as direct evidence of competent oxygenated intermediates; mechanistic implications for both reactions are discussed. Isolation and characterization of these N-oxides enabled a formal Cadogan cyclization at room temperature for 2 H-indazole synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie S Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Clarabella J Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Ka Yi Tsui
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Niklas Kraemer
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Jung-Ho Son
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Makhluf J Haddadin
- Department of Chemistry , American University of Beirut , Beirut 1107 2020 , Lebanon
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Mark J Kurth
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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71
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Bai S, Zhu Y, Wu Q. Asymmetric Mannich Reaction: Synthesis of Novel Chiral 5-(substituted aryl)-1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives with Anti-Plant-Virus Potency. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA series of novel chiral 5-(substituted aryl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives was synthesized in an enantioselective three-component Mannich reaction using cinchona alkaloid squaramide catalyst with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% enantiomeric excess (ee)). The bioassay results showed that these derivatives possessed good to excellent activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Bai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yunying Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
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72
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Liu Q, Lei Z, Gu C, Guo J, Yu H, Fatima Z, Zhou K, Shabbir MAB, Maan MK, Wu Q, Xie S, Wang X, Yuan Z. Mequindox induces apoptosis, DNA damage, and carcinogenicity in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:270-279. [PMID: 30922968 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mequindox (MEQ) is a synthetic antibacterial agent. Recent studies showed that MEQ and its primary metabolites exhibit strong genotoxicity to mammalian cells, and MEQ induced carcinogenicity in mice. These findings suggest that chronic exposure to MEQ could lead to an increased risk of cancer later in life. In the present study, four groups of Wistar rats (55 rats/sex/group) were fed with diets containing MEQ (0, 25, 55, and 110 mg/kg) for 2 years. The results showed that the hematological system, liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands, as well as the developmental and reproductive systems, were the main targets for MEQ. Liver toxicity mediated by MEQ was associated with apoptosis and the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In addition, MEQ increased the incidence of tumors in rats. Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) is identified as a biomarker of cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Our data demonstrated that γ-H2AX expression was significantly increased in tumors. Thus, high levels of DSB might be responsible for carcinogenesis in rats, and further investigation is absolutely required to clarify the exact molecular mechanisms for carcinogenicity caused by MEQ in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, China
| | - Zhixin Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Changqin Gu
- A Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jingchao Guo
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Huiru Yu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zainab Fatima
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad A B Shabbir
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Kashif Maan
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China; Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Shuyu Xie
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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73
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Amberg A, Anger LT, Bercu J, Bower D, Cross KP, Custer L, Harvey JS, Hasselgren C, Honma M, Johnson C, Jolly R, Kenyon MO, Kruhlak NL, Leavitt P, Quigley DP, Miller S, Snodin D, Stavitskaya L, Teasdale A, Trejo-Martin A, White AT, Wichard J, Myatt GJ. Extending (Q)SARs to incorporate proprietary knowledge for regulatory purposes: is aromatic N-oxide a structural alert for predicting DNA-reactive mutagenicity? Mutagenesis 2019; 34:67-82. [PMID: 30189015 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gey020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(Quantitative) structure-activity relationship or (Q)SAR predictions of DNA-reactive mutagenicity are important to support both the design of new chemicals and the assessment of impurities, degradants, metabolites, extractables and leachables, as well as existing chemicals. Aromatic N-oxides represent a class of compounds that are often considered alerting for mutagenicity yet the scientific rationale of this structural alert is not clear and has been questioned. Because aromatic N-oxide-containing compounds may be encountered as impurities, degradants and metabolites, it is important to accurately predict mutagenicity of this chemical class. This article analysed a series of publicly available aromatic N-oxide data in search of supporting information. The article also used a previously developed structure-activity relationship (SAR) fingerprint methodology where a series of aromatic N-oxide substructures was generated and matched against public and proprietary databases, including pharmaceutical data. An assessment of the number of mutagenic and non-mutagenic compounds matching each substructure across all sources was used to understand whether the general class or any specific subclasses appear to lead to mutagenicity. This analysis resulted in a downgrade of the general aromatic N-oxide alert. However, it was determined there were enough public and proprietary data to assign the quindioxin and related chemicals as well as benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 1-oxide subclasses as alerts. The overall results of this analysis were incorporated into Leadscope's expert-rule-based model to enhance its predictive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Amberg
- Sanofi, R&D Preclinical Safety Frankfurt, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lennart T Anger
- Sanofi, R&D Preclinical Safety Frankfurt, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joel Bercu
- Gilead Sciences, Nonclinical Safety and Pathobiology, Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Custer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - James S Harvey
- GlaxoSmithKline Pre-Clinical Development, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Masamitsu Honma
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Genetics & Mutagenesis, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Robert Jolly
- Toxicology Division, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michelle O Kenyon
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Drug Safety, Genetic Toxicology, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Naomi L Kruhlak
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Penny Leavitt
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lidiya Stavitskaya
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Teasdale
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | | | - Angela T White
- GlaxoSmithKline Pre-Clinical Development, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Joerg Wichard
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals Division, Investigational Toxicology, Muellerstr, Berlin, Germany
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74
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Banerjee A, Yamamoto H. Direct N-O bond formation via oxidation of amines with benzoyl peroxide. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2124-2129. [PMID: 30881636 PMCID: PMC6383333 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04996c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a general and efficient method for direct N-O bond formation without undesirable C-N bond (amide) formation starting from commercially available amines and benzoyl peroxide. The oxidation of 1,2-diamines to furnish bis-(benzoyloxy)-1,2-diamines is reported for the first time. We found that a significant amount of water (BPO : water = 3 : 1) in combination with Cs2CO3 is necessary to achieve high selectivity and yield. The reaction conditions are applicable to a wide range of 1,2-diamine and 1,2-disubstituted-1,2-diamine substrates. Additionally this method is highly applicable to primary and secondary amines. Further, the present method can access chiral bis-hydroxamic acids and bis-hydroxyl amines in just two steps from 1,2-diamines. The reaction conditions are simple, mild and inert atmosphere free. The synthetic potential of this methodology is further demonstrated in the short synthesis of a chiral BHA ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Banerjee
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center , Chubu University , 1200, Matsumoto-cho , Kasugai , Aichi 487-8501 , Japan . ;
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center , Chubu University , 1200, Matsumoto-cho , Kasugai , Aichi 487-8501 , Japan . ;
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75
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Akulov A, Varaksin MV, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. Direct Functionalization of C(sp 2)-H Bond in Nonaromatic Azaheterocycles: Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC) of 2 H-Imidazole 1-Oxides with Pyrroles and Thiophenes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:825-834. [PMID: 31459361 PMCID: PMC6648547 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The C(sp2)-H bond functionalization methodology was first applied to carry out the palladium-catalyzed oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reactions of 2H-imidazole 1-oxides with pyrroles and thiophenes. As a result, a number of novel 5-heteroarylated 2H-imidazole 1-oxides, which are of particular interest in the design of bioactive molecules and advanced materials, have been synthesized in yields up to 78%. The detailed H/D-exchange experiments have also been performed to elucidate some mechanistic features of this cross-dehydrogenative coupling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey
A. Akulov
- Department
of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Varaksin
- Department
of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the
Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Street, 620041 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- Department
of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the
Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Street, 620041 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Department
of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the
Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Street, 620041 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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76
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Rodrigo E, Baunis H, Suna E, Waldvogel SR. Simple and scalable electrochemical synthesis of 2,1-benzisoxazoles and quinoline N-oxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12255-12258. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06054e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
At carbon electrodes in a scalable electrosynthetic way to two classes of useful heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Rodrigo
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Haralds Baunis
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Aizkraukles 21
- Latvia
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77
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Yang Q, Yin Z, Zheng L, Yuan J, Wei S, Ding Q, Peng Y. Copper-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling between quinazoline-3-oxides and indoles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5870-5877. [PMID: 35517267 PMCID: PMC9060877 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09864f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel and simple protocol for the synthesis of 4-(indole-3-yl)quinazolines via cross-dehydrogenative coupling of quinazoline-3-oxides and indoles under an air atmosphere has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
| | - Zhijian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
| | - Lifang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
| | - Jianjun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
| | - Song Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
| | - Qiuping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
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78
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Le TG, Kundu A, Ghoshal A, Nguyen NH, Preston S, Jiao Y, Ruan B, Xue L, Huang F, Keiser J, Hofmann A, Chang BCH, Garcia-Bustos J, Wells TNC, Palmer MJ, Jabbar A, Gasser RB, Baell JB. Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Tolfenpyrad Reveal Subnanomolar Inhibitors of Haemonchus contortus Development. J Med Chem 2018; 62:1036-1053. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy G. Le
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Abhijit Kundu
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited, Block BN, Plot 7, Salt-Lake Electronics Complex, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Atanu Ghoshal
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited, Block BN, Plot 7, Salt-Lake Electronics Complex, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Nghi H. Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria 3353, Australia
| | - Yaqing Jiao
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Banfeng Ruan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Lian Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Bill C. H. Chang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jose Garcia-Bustos
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | | | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan B. Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
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79
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Sedenkova KN, Nazarova AA, Khvatov EV, Dueva EV, Orlov AA, Osolodkin DI, Grishin YK, Kuznetsova TS, Palyulin VA, Averina EB. A facile metal-free approach to N,N′-bis(1-oxidopyrimidin-4-yl)diamines with promising biological activity. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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80
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Melo TRFD, Kumkhaek C, Fernandes GFDS, Lopes Pires ME, Chelucci RC, Barbieri KP, Coelho F, Capote TSDO, Lanaro C, Carlos IZ, Marcondes S, Chegaev K, Guglielmo S, Fruttero R, Chung MC, Costa FF, Rodgers GP, Dos Santos JL. Discovery of phenylsulfonylfuroxan derivatives as gamma globin inducers by histone acetylation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 154:341-353. [PMID: 29852459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
N-oxide derivatives 5(a-b), 8(a-b), and 11(a-c) were designed, synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo as potential drugs that are able to ameliorate sickle cell disease (SCD) symptoms. All of the compounds demonstrated the capacity to releasing nitric oxide at different levels ranging from 0.8 to 30.1%, in vivo analgesic activity and ability to reduce TNF-α levels in the supernatants of monocyte cultures. The most active compound (8b) protected 50.1% against acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions, while dipyrone, which was used as a control only protected 35%. Compounds 8a and 8b inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 84% and 76.1%, respectively. Both compounds increased γ-globin in K562 cells at 100 μM. The mechanisms involved in the γ-globin increase are related to the acetylation of histones H3 and H4 that is induced by these compounds. In vitro, the most promising compound (8b) was not cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chutima Kumkhaek
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | | | - Maria Elisa Lopes Pires
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Consolin Chelucci
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Karina Pereira Barbieri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Coelho
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, 14801-903, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Lanaro
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Sisi Marcondes
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Konstantin Chegaev
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Stefano Guglielmo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Man Chin Chung
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ferreira Costa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Griffin P Rodgers
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil.
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81
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Dyer RMB, Hahn PL, Hilinski MK. Selective Heteroaryl N-Oxidation of Amine-Containing Molecules. Org Lett 2018; 20:2011-2014. [PMID: 29547294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of nonenzymatic N-oxidation of heteroarenes in the presence of amines are reported. Pyridine, quinoline, and isoquinoline N-oxides are selectively formed in the presence of more reactive aliphatic and alicyclic amines by use of an in situ protonation strategy and an iminium salt organocatalyst. Application to late-stage functionalization that mimics phase 1 metabolism of small-molecule drugs is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M B Dyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904-4319 , United States
| | - Philip L Hahn
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904-4319 , United States
| | - Michael K Hilinski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904-4319 , United States
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82
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Shafer SK, Lynch WE, Padgett CW. 2-Chloro-4-nitropyridine N-oxide. IUCRDATA 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314618000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the title compound, C5H3ClN2O3 (systematic name: 2-chloro-4-nitropyridin-1-ium-1-olate), the nitro group is essentially coplanar with the aromatic ring, with a twist angle of 6.48 (8)°. The molecular packing exhibits a herringbone pattern with the zigzag running along the b axis; here, there are no short contacts, hydrogen bonds, or π–π interactions.
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83
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Sen C, Ghosh SC. Transition-Metal-Free Regioselective Alkylation of Quinoline N-Oxides via Oxidative Alkyl Migration and C−C Bond Cleavage of tert-/sec-Alcohols. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjit Sen
- Natural Products and Green Chemistry Division and AcSIR; Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg; Bhavnagar- 364002 Gujarat, India
| | - Subhash C. Ghosh
- Natural Products and Green Chemistry Division and AcSIR; Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg; Bhavnagar- 364002 Gujarat, India
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84
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Lantaño B, Barata-Vallejo S, Postigo A. Organic dye-photocatalyzed fluoroalkylation of heteroarene-N-oxide derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6718-6727. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01653d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A direct CHet–H perfluoroalkylation reaction of heteroaromatic-N-oxides has been achieved. Acid-catalyzed transformation of the perfluoroalkylated-N-oxides leads to 2-(perfluoroalkyl)benzo[f][1,3]oxazepines. De-oxygenation of the perfluoroalkylated heteroaromatic-N-oxides affords a regioselective radical perfluoroalkylation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lantaño
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica
- CP 1113-Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Sebastián Barata-Vallejo
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica
- CP 1113-Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica
- CP 1113-Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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85
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Zhou H, Gao J, Chen Z, Duan S, Li C, Qiao R. Double-strand cleavage of DNA by a polyamide-phenazine-di-N-oxide conjugate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:284-288. [PMID: 29292228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phenazine and its derivatives have been widely applied as nucleic acid cleavage agents due to active oxygen activating the C-H bond of the substrate. However, diffusion of oxygen radicals limits their potential applications in the DNA-targeted metal-free drug. Introduction of groove binder moiety such as polyamide enhanced the regional stability of radical molecules and reduced cytotoxicity of the drugs. In this work, we described the design and synthesis of a polyamide-modified phenazine-di-N-oxide as a DNA double-strand cleavage agent. The gel assays showed the hybrid conjugates can effectively break DNA double strands in a non-random manner under physiological conditions. The probable binding mode to DNA was investigated by sufficient spectral experiments, revealing weak interaction between hybrid ligand and nucleic acid molecules. The results of our study have implications on the design of groove-binding hybrid molecules as new artificial nucleases and may provide a strategy for developing efficient and safe DNA cleavage reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Juanhong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhaohang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Renzhong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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86
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Israels R, Maaß A, Hamaekers J. The octet rule in chemical space: generating virtual molecules. Mol Divers 2017; 21:769-778. [PMID: 28776208 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a generator of virtual molecules that selects valid chemistry on the basis of the octet rule. Also, we introduce a mesomer group key that allows a fast detection of duplicates in the generated structures. Compared to existing approaches, our model is simpler and faster, generates new chemistry and avoids invalid chemistry. Its versatility is illustrated by the correct generation of molecules containing third-row elements and a surprisingly adept handling of complex boron chemistry. Without any empirical parameters, our model is designed to be valid also in unexplored regions of chemical space. One first unexpected finding is the high prevalence of dipolar structures among generated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafel Israels
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Algorithmen und Wissenschaftliches Rechnen SCAI, Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Astrid Maaß
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Algorithmen und Wissenschaftliches Rechnen SCAI, Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Jan Hamaekers
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Algorithmen und Wissenschaftliches Rechnen SCAI, Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754, Sankt Augustin, Germany.
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87
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Senadi GC, Wang JQ, Gore BS, Wang JJ. Bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0)/tert-Butyl Nitrite- Catalyzed Cyclization ofo-Alkynylanilines withtert-Butyl Nitrite: Synthesis and Applications of Indazole 2-Oxides. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Chandru Senadi
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Sanmin district Kaohsiung City 807 Taiwan
| | - Ji-Qi Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Sanmin district Kaohsiung City 807 Taiwan
| | - Babasaheb Sopan Gore
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Sanmin district Kaohsiung City 807 Taiwan
| | - Jeh-Jeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Sanmin district Kaohsiung City 807 Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; No. 100, Tzyou 1st Rd, Sanmin District Kaohsiung City 807 Taiwan
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88
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Doens D, Valiente PA, Mfuh AM, X. T. Vo A, Tristan A, Carreño L, Quijada M, Nguyen VT, Perry G, Larionov OV, Lleonart R, Fernández PL. Identification of Inhibitors of CD36-Amyloid Beta Binding as Potential Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1232-1241. [PMID: 28150942 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Amyloid β has a central role in microglia activation and the subsequent secretion of inflammatory mediators that are associated with neuronal toxicity. The recognition of amyloid β by microglia depends on the expression of several receptors implicated in the clearance of amyloid and in cell activation. CD36 receptor expressed on microglia interacts with fibrils of amyloid inducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines and amyloid internalization. The interruption of the interaction CD36-amyloid β compromises the activation of microglia cells. We have developed and validated a new colorimetric assay to identify potential inhibitors of the binding of amyloid β to CD36. We have found seven molecules, structural analogues of the Trichodermamide family of natural products that interfere with the interaction CD36-amyloid β. By combining molecular docking and dynamics simulations, we suggested the second fatty acids binding site within the large luminal hydrophobic tunnel, present in the extracellular domain of CD36, as the binding pocket of these compounds. Free energy calculations predicted the nonpolar component as the driving force for the binding of these inhibitors. These molecules also inhibited the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β by peritoneal macrophages stimulated with fibrils of amyloid β. This work serves as a platform for the identification of new potential anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Doens
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge #219, Panama City, 0843-01103 Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India
| | - Pedro A. Valiente
- Centro de Estudios de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Adilia Tristan
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge #219, Panama City, 0843-01103 Panama
| | - Lizmar Carreño
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge #219, Panama City, 0843-01103 Panama
| | - Mario Quijada
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge #219, Panama City, 0843-01103 Panama
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Lleonart
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge #219, Panama City, 0843-01103 Panama
| | - Patricia L. Fernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge #219, Panama City, 0843-01103 Panama
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89
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Toriumi N, Yanagi S, Muranaka A, Hashizume D, Uchiyama M. Effects of N-Oxidation on Heteroaromatic Macrocycles: Synthesis, Electronic Structures, Spectral Properties, and Reactivities of Tetraazaporphyrin meso-N-Oxides. Chemistry 2017; 23:8309-8314. [PMID: 28378358 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Heteroaromatic N-oxides such as pyridine and quinoline N-oxides are well studied in organic chemistry, and N-oxide formation has long been utilized for tuning the reactivities of heteroaromatics. However, the scope of aromatic N-oxidation is still restricted to relatively small azine or azole skeletons, and there has been little investigation of the photophysical/chemical effects of N-oxidation on larger heteroaromatic systems. Here, the synthesis and unique properties of new macrocyclic heteroaromatic N-oxides, tetraazaporphyrin (TAP) meso-N-oxides, are reported. N-Oxidation of TAP reduced the 18π-aromaticity of the TAP ring compared with that of the parent TAP owing to the cross-conjugated resonance structure. The optical properties of TAPs were significantly changed by N-oxidation: the N-oxides did not exhibit azaporphyrin-like but instead porphyrin-like optical properties, that is, weak Q absorption bands, strong Soret absorption bands, and weak fluorescence. These features can be explained by the near-degenerate frontier molecular orbitals resulting from N-oxide formation. Singlet oxygen quantum yields were greatly increased to almost quantitative levels by N-oxidation. The N-oxides showed near-IR-responsive photoredox properties and were suitable as both oxidants and sensitizers for oxidation reactions. Protonation of the N-oxides restored TAP-like intense Q bands and red fluorescence, offering a potential design strategy for fluorescence switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Toriumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yanagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN and Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Materials Characterization Support Unit, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN and Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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90
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Pairas GN, Perperopoulou F, Tsoungas PG, Varvounis G. The Isoxazole Ring and ItsN-Oxide: A Privileged Core Structure in Neuropsychiatric Therapeutics. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:408-419. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George N. Pairas
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy; University of Patras; 265 04 Patras Greece
| | - Fereniki Perperopoulou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology; Agricultural University of Athens; 75 Iera Odos St. 118 55 Athens Greece
| | - Petros G. Tsoungas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Hellenic Pasteur Institute; 127 Vas. Sofias Ave. 115 21 Athens Greece
| | - George Varvounis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Ioannina; 451 10 Ioannina Greece
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91
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Zhang WM, Dai JJ, Xu J, Xu HJ. Visible-Light-Induced C2 Alkylation of Pyridine N-Oxides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2059-2066. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Man Zhang
- School of Biological and
Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jian-Jun Dai
- School of Biological and
Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Biological and
Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hua-Jian Xu
- School of Biological and
Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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92
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Transition Metal-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization of Heterocyclic N-Oxides. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2017_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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93
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Pyridine N-Oxides and Derivatives Thereof in Organocatalysis. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2017_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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94
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Herrera L, Stephens DE, D’Avila A, George KG, Arman H, Zhang Y, Perry G, Lleonart R, Larionov OV, Fernández PL. Insights into the structural patterns of the antileishmanial activity of bi- and tricyclic N-heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7053-60. [PMID: 27376396 PMCID: PMC4958403 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01149g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The influence of various structural patterns in a series of novel bi- and tricyclic N-heterocycles on the activity against Leishmania major and Leishmania panamensis has been studied and compounds that are active in the low micromolar region have been identified. Both quinolines and tetrahydrooxazinoindoles (TOI) proved to have significant antileishmanial activities, while substituted indoles were inactive. We have also showed that a chloroquine analogue induces Leishmania killing by modulating macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizzi Herrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones científicas y de alta tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Edificio 219, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panamá República de Panamá; Fax: +507 507 0020; Tel: +507 517 0739
- Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522510, India
| | - David E. Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America. Fax: +1 210 458 7428; Tel: +1 210 458 6050
| | - Abigail D’Avila
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones científicas y de alta tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Edificio 219, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panamá República de Panamá; Fax: +507 507 0020; Tel: +507 517 0739
| | - Kathryn G. George
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones científicas y de alta tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Edificio 219, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panamá República de Panamá; Fax: +507 507 0020; Tel: +507 517 0739
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America. Fax: +1 210 458 7428; Tel: +1 210 458 6050
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America. Fax: +1 210 458 7428; Tel: +1 210 458 6050
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Lleonart
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones científicas y de alta tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Edificio 219, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panamá República de Panamá; Fax: +507 507 0020; Tel: +507 517 0739
| | - Oleg V. Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America. Fax: +1 210 458 7428; Tel: +1 210 458 6050
| | - Patricia L. Fernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones científicas y de alta tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Edificio 219, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panamá República de Panamá; Fax: +507 507 0020; Tel: +507 517 0739
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Appani R, Bhukya B, Gangarapu K. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 3-(Substituted)-2-(4-oxo-2-phenylquinazolin-3(4H)-ylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:1249201. [PMID: 27190676 PMCID: PMC4839212 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1249201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 3-(substituted)-2-(substituted quinazolinylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized by the reaction of 3-(substituted)-2-hydrazino-quinazoline-4(3H)-ones with 2-phenyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one. The starting materials 3-(substituted)-2-hydrazino-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized from various primary amines by a multistep synthesis. All the title compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity using ciprofloxacin as reference standard. Compounds 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-oxo-2-phenylquinazolin-3(4H)-ylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (9a) and 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-oxo-2-phenylquinazolin-3(4H)-ylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (9h) emerged as the most active compounds of the series. These compounds have shown most potent antibacterial activity against the tested organisms of Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus subtilis having zone of inhibition values of 1.1 cm and 1.4 cm for compound 9a 1.2 cm and 1.0 cm for compound 9h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramgopal Appani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Nethaji Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Somidi, Kazipet, Warangal, Telangana 506003, India
| | - Baburao Bhukya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Nethaji Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Somidi, Kazipet, Warangal, Telangana 506003, India
| | - Kiran Gangarapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chaitanya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rampur, Warangal, Telangana 506151, India
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96
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The Biological Fight Against Pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa. NEW WEAPONS TO CONTROL BACTERIAL GROWTH 2016. [PMCID: PMC7123701 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28368-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The animal gastrointestinal tract is a tube with two open ends; hence, from the microbial point of view it constitutes an open system, as opposed to the circulatory system that must be a tightly closed microbial-free environment. In particular, the human intestine spans ca. 200 m2 and represents a massive absorptive surface composed of a layer of epithelial cells as well as a paracellular barrier. The permeability of this paracellular barrier is regulated by transmembrane proteins known as claudins that play a critical role in tight junctions.
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97
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Stephens DE, Larionov OV. Recent Advances in the C-H-Functionalization of the Distal Positions in Pyridines and Quinolines. Tetrahedron 2015; 71:8683-8716. [PMID: 26640303 PMCID: PMC4666591 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in the C-H-functionalization of the distal positions of pyridines, quinolines and related azaheterocycles. While the functionalization of the C2 position has been known for a long time and is facilitated by the proximity to N1, regioselective reactions in the distal positions are more difficult to achieve and have only emerged in the last decade. Recent advances in the transition metal-catalyzed distal C-H-functionalization of these synthetically-important azaheterocycles are discussed in detail, with the focus on the scope, site-selectivity and mechanistic aspects of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78249, United States
| | - Oleg. V. Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78249, United States
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