51
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Liu B, Saber A, Haisma HJ. CRISPR/Cas9: a powerful tool for identification of new targets for cancer treatment. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:955-970. [PMID: 30849442 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated nuclease 9 (Cas9), as a powerful genome-editing tool, has revolutionized genetic engineering. It is widely used to investigate the molecular basis of different cancer types. In this review, we present an overview of recent studies in which CRISPR/Cas9 has been used for the identification of potential molecular targets. Based on the collected data, we suggest here that CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective system to distinguish between mutant and wild-type alleles in cancer. We show that several new potential therapeutic targets, such as CD38, CXCR2, MASTL, and RBX2, as well as several noncoding (nc)RNAs have been identified using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We also discuss the obstacles and challenges that we face for using CRISPR/Cas9 as a therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Saber
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde J Haisma
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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52
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Kwee SA, Tiirikainen M, Sato MM, Acoba JD, Wei R, Jia W, Le Marchand L, Wong LL. Transcriptomics Associates Molecular Features with 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT Imaging Phenotype and Its Potential Relationship to Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1696-1704. [PMID: 30760520 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies involving transcriptomics have revealed multiple molecular subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has also identified distinct molecular imaging subtypes, including those with increased and decreased choline metabolism as measured by the tissue uptake of the radiopharmaceutical 18F-fluorocholine. Gene signatures reflecting the molecular heterogeneity of HCC may identify the biological and clinical significance of these imaging subtypes. In this study, 41 patients underwent 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT, followed by tumor resection and gene expression profiling. Over- and underexpressed components of previously published gene signatures were evaluated for enrichment between tumors with high and low 18F-fluorocholine uptake using gene set analysis. Significant gene sets were enumerated by FDR based on phenotype permutation. Associations with overall survival were analyzed by univariate and multivariate proportional hazards regression. Ten gene sets related to HCC were significantly associated with high tumor 18F-fluorocholine uptake at FDR q < 0.05, including those from three different clinical molecular classification systems and two prognostic signatures for HCC that showed predictive value in the study cohort. Tumor avidity for 18F-fluorocholine was associated with favorable characteristics based on these signatures with lower mortality based on survival analysis (HR 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.95). Tumors demonstrating high 18F-fluorocholine uptake were also enriched for genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, peroxisome, bile acid metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and adipogenesis. These results provide a pathobiological framework to further evaluate 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT as a molecular and prognostic classifier in HCC. SIGNIFICANCE: A pathobiological framework for HCC brings together multiple prognostically relevant gene signatures via convergence with 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT imaging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi A Kwee
- Hamamatsu/Queen's PET Imaging Center, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. .,Cancer Biology Program, Clinical Sciences Program, and Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Maarit Tiirikainen
- Cancer Biology Program, Clinical Sciences Program, and Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Miles M Sato
- The Queen's Medical Center, Queen's Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Jared D Acoba
- Cancer Biology Program, Clinical Sciences Program, and Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.,The Queen's Medical Center, Queen's Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Runmin Wei
- Cancer Biology Program, Clinical Sciences Program, and Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Wei Jia
- Cancer Biology Program, Clinical Sciences Program, and Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Cancer Biology Program, Clinical Sciences Program, and Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Linda L Wong
- Cancer Biology Program, Clinical Sciences Program, and Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.,Department of Surgery, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
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53
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Yoneda N, Matsui O, Kobayashi S, Kitao A, Kozaka K, Inoue D, Yoshida K, Minami T, Koda W, Gabata T. Current status of imaging biomarkers predicting the biological nature of hepatocellular carcinoma. Jpn J Radiol 2019; 37:191-208. [PMID: 30712167 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-019-00817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is heterogeneous in terms of its biological nature. Various factors related to its biological nature, including size, multifocality, macroscopic morphology, grade of differentiation, macro/microvascular invasion, bile duct invasion, intra-tumoral fat and molecular factors, and their value as prognostic imaging biomarkers have been reported. And recently, genome-based molecular HCC classification correlated with clinical outcome has been elucidated. The imaging biomarkers suggesting a less aggressive nature of HCC are smaller size, solitary tumor, smooth margin suggesting small nodular type with indistinct margin and simple nodular type with distinct margin, capsule, imaging biomarkers predicting early or well-differentiated grade, intra-tumoral fat detection, and low fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation. The imaging biomarkers suggesting an aggressive HCC nature are larger size, multifocality, non-smooth margin suggesting simple nodular type with extranodular growth, confluent multinodular, and infiltrative type, imaging biomarkers predicting poor differentiation, macrovascular tumor thrombus, predicting microvascular invasion imaging biomarkers, bile duct dilatation or tumor thrombus, and high FDG accumulation. In the genome-based molecular classification, CTNNB-1 mutated HCC shows a less aggressive nature, while CK19/EpCAM positive HCC and macrotrabecular massive HCC show an aggressive one. Better understanding of these imaging biomarkers can contribute to devising more appropriate treatment plans for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihide Yoneda
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Osamu Matsui
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Quantum Medical Imaging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Azusa Kitao
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kozaka
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Dai Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshida
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Minami
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Wataru Koda
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Gabata
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
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54
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Lally JSV, Ghoshal S, DePeralta DK, Moaven O, Wei L, Masia R, Erstad DJ, Fujiwara N, Leong V, Houde VP, Anagnostopoulos AE, Wang A, Broadfield LA, Ford RJ, Foster RA, Bates J, Sun H, Wang T, Liu H, Ray AS, Saha AK, Greenwood J, Bhat S, Harriman G, Miao W, Rocnik JL, Westlin WF, Muti P, Tsakiridis T, Harwood HJ, Kapeller R, Hoshida Y, Tanabe KK, Steinberg GR, Fuchs BC. Inhibition of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase by Phosphorylation or the Inhibitor ND-654 Suppresses Lipogenesis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Metab 2019; 29:174-182.e5. [PMID: 30244972 PMCID: PMC6643297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rapidly increasing due to the prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but the molecular triggers that initiate disease development are not fully understood. We demonstrate that mice with targeted loss-of-function point mutations within the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation sites on acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1 Ser79Ala) and ACC2 (ACC2 Ser212Ala) have increased liver de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and liver lesions. The same mutation in ACC1 also increases DNL and proliferation in human liver cancer cells. Consistent with these findings, a novel, liver-specific ACC inhibitor (ND-654) that mimics the effects of ACC phosphorylation inhibits hepatic DNL and the development of HCC, improving survival of tumor-bearing rats when used alone and in combination with the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib. These studies highlight the importance of DNL and dysregulation of AMPK-mediated ACC phosphorylation in accelerating HCC and the potential of ACC inhibitors for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S V Lally
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sarani Ghoshal
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Danielle K DePeralta
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Omeed Moaven
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lan Wei
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ricard Masia
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Derek J Erstad
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vivian Leong
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Vanessa P Houde
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Alice Wang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lindsay A Broadfield
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Rebecca J Ford
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Robert A Foster
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON NIG 2W1, Canada
| | | | | | - Ting Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Henry Liu
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | | | - Asish K Saha
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Sathesh Bhat
- Schrodinger, 120 West 45th Street, New York, NY 10036, USA
| | | | - Wenyan Miao
- Nimbus Therapeutics, 30 Prospect Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Paola Muti
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Theodoros Tsakiridis
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - H James Harwood
- Nimbus Therapeutics, 30 Prospect Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rosana Kapeller
- Nimbus Therapeutics, 30 Prospect Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kenneth K Tanabe
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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55
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Paradiso V, Garofoli A, Tosti N, Lanzafame M, Perrina V, Quagliata L, Matter MS, Wieland S, Heim MH, Piscuoglio S, Ng CK, Terracciano LM. Diagnostic Targeted Sequencing Panel for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Genomic Screening. J Mol Diagn 2018; 20:836-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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56
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Zhu S, Hoshida Y. Molecular heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepat Oncol 2018; 5:HEP10. [PMID: 30302198 PMCID: PMC6168045 DOI: 10.2217/hep-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Zhu
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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57
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Yim SY, Shim JJ, Shin JH, Jeong YS, Kang SH, Kim SB, Eun YG, Lee DJ, Conner EA, Factor VM, Moore DD, Johnson RL, Thorgeirsson SS, Lee JS. Integrated Genomic Comparison of Mouse Models Reveals Their Clinical Resemblance to Human Liver Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1713-1723. [PMID: 30082483 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous disease. Mouse models are commonly used as preclinical models to study hepatocarcinogenesis, but how well these models recapitulate molecular subtypes of human HCC is unclear. Here, integration of genomic signatures from molecularly and clinically defined human HCC (n = 11) and mouse models of HCC (n = 9) identified the mouse models that best resembled subtypes of human HCC and determined the clinical relevance of each model. Mst1/2 knockout (KO), Sav1 KO, and SV40 T antigen mouse models effectively recapitulated subtypes of human HCC with a poor prognosis, whereas the Myc transgenic model best resembled human HCCs with a more favorable prognosis. The Myc model was also associated with activation of β-catenin. E2f1, E2f1/Myc, E2f1/Tgfa, and diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced models were heterogeneous and were unequally split into poor and favorable prognoses. Mst1/2 KO and Sav1 KO models best resemble human HCC with hepatic stem cell characteristics. Applying a genomic predictor for immunotherapy, the six-gene IFNγ score, the Mst1/2 KO, Sav1 KO, SV40, and DEN models were predicted to be the least responsive to immunotherapy. Further analysis showed that elevated expression of immune-inhibitory genes (Cd276 and Nectin2/Pvrl2) in Mst1/2 KO, Sav1 KO, and SV40 models and decreased expression of immune stimulatory gene (Cd86) in the DEN model might be accountable for the lack of predictive response to immunotherapy.Implication: The current genomic approach identified the most relevant mouse models to human liver cancer and suggests immunotherapeutic potential for the treatment of specific subtypes. Mol Cancer Res; 16(11); 1713-23. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Yim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Shim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun Seong Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sang-Hee Kang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Young Gyu Eun
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Elizabeth A Conner
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Valentina M Factor
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Snorri S Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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58
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Mari Aparici C, Behr SC, Seo Y, Kelley RK, Corvera C, Gao KT, Aggarwal R, Evans MJ. Imaging Hepatocellular Carcinoma With 68Ga-Citrate PET: First Clinical Experience. Mol Imaging 2018; 16:1536012117723256. [PMID: 28893116 PMCID: PMC5598799 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117723256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging is the primary method for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), they provide little biological insight into this molecularly heterogeneous disease. Nuclear imaging tools that can detect molecular subsets of tumors could greatly improve diagnosis and management of HCC. To this end, we conducted a patient study to determine whether HCC can be resolved using 68Ga-citrate positron emission tomography (PET). One patient with recurrent HCC was injected with 300 MBq of 68Ga-citrate and imaged with PET/CT 249 minutes post injection. Four (28%) of 14 hepatic lesions were avid for 68Ga-citrate. One extrahepatic lesion was not PET avid. The average maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) for the lesions was 7.2 (range: 6.2-8.4), while the SUVmax of the normal liver parenchyma was 4.7 and blood pool was 5.7. The avid lesions were not significantly larger than the quiescent lesions, and a prior contrast CT showed uniform enhancement among the lesions, suggesting that tumor signals are due to specific binding of the radiotracer to the transferrin receptor, rather than enhanced vascularity in the tumor microenvironment. Further studies are required in a larger patient cohort to verify the molecular basis of radiotracer uptake and the clinical utility of this tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mari Aparici
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Spencer C Behr
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,2 Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Kate Kelley
- 2 Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Corvera
- 3 Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth T Gao
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- 2 Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Evans
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,2 Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,4 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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59
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Chaudhary K, Poirion OB, Lu L, Garmire LX. Deep Learning-Based Multi-Omics Integration Robustly Predicts Survival in Liver Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1248-1259. [PMID: 28982688 PMCID: PMC6050171 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Identifying robust survival subgroups of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) will significantly improve patient care. Currently, endeavor of integrating multi-omics data to explicitly predict HCC survival from multiple patient cohorts is lacking. To fill this gap, we present a deep learning (DL)-based model on HCC that robustly differentiates survival subpopulations of patients in six cohorts. We built the DL-based, survival-sensitive model on 360 HCC patients' data using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), miRNA sequencing (miRNA-Seq), and methylation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), which predicts prognosis as good as an alternative model where genomics and clinical data are both considered. This DL-based model provides two optimal subgroups of patients with significant survival differences (P = 7.13e-6) and good model fitness [concordance index (C-index) = 0.68]. More aggressive subtype is associated with frequent TP53 inactivation mutations, higher expression of stemness markers (KRT19 and EPCAM) and tumor marker BIRC5, and activated Wnt and Akt signaling pathways. We validated this multi-omics model on five external datasets of various omics types: LIRI-JP cohort (n = 230, C-index = 0.75), NCI cohort (n = 221, C-index = 0.67), Chinese cohort (n = 166, C-index = 0.69), E-TABM-36 cohort (n = 40, C-index = 0.77), and Hawaiian cohort (n = 27, C-index = 0.82). This is the first study to employ DL to identify multi-omics features linked to the differential survival of patients with HCC. Given its robustness over multiple cohorts, we expect this workflow to be useful at predicting HCC prognosis prediction. Clin Cancer Res; 24(6); 1248-59. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier B Poirion
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Liangqun Lu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Lana X Garmire
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
- Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
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60
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Fujiwara N, Friedman SL, Goossens N, Hoshida Y. Risk factors and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of precision medicine. J Hepatol 2018; 68:526-549. [PMID: 28989095 PMCID: PMC5818315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients who develop chronic fibrotic liver disease, caused by viral or metabolic aetiologies, are at a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Even after complete HCC tumour resection or ablation, the carcinogenic tissue microenvironment in the remnant liver can give rise to recurrent de novo HCC tumours, which progress into incurable, advanced-stage disease in most patients. Thus, early detection and prevention of HCC development is, in principle, the most impactful strategy to improve patient prognosis. However, a "one-size-fits-all" approach to HCC screening for early tumour detection, as recommended by clinical practice guidelines, is utilised in less than 20% of the target population, and the performance of screening modalities, including ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein, is suboptimal. Furthermore, optimal screening strategies for emerging at-risk patient populations, such as those with chronic hepatitis C after viral cure, or those with non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease remain controversial. New HCC biomarkers and imaging modalities may improve the sensitivity and specificity of HCC detection. Clinical and molecular HCC risk scores will enable precise HCC risk prediction followed by tailoured HCC screening of individual patients, maximising cost-effectiveness and optimising allocation of limited medical resources. Several aetiology-specific and generic HCC chemoprevention strategies are evolving. Epidemiological and experimental studies have identified candidate chemoprevention targets and therapies, including statins, anti-diabetic drugs, and selective molecular targeted agents, although their clinical testing has been limited by the lengthy process of cancer development that requires long-term, costly studies. Individual HCC risk prediction is expected to overcome the challenge by enabling personalised chemoprevention, targeting high-risk patients for precision HCC prevention and substantially improving the dismal prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujiwara
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Nicolas Goossens
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
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61
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Kancherla V, Abdullazade S, Matter MS, Lanzafame M, Quagliata L, Roma G, Hoshida Y, Terracciano LM, Ng CKY, Piscuoglio S. Genomic Analysis Revealed New Oncogenic Signatures in TP53-Mutant Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2018; 9:2. [PMID: 29456550 PMCID: PMC5801302 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 gene is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers and mutations in TP53 have been shown to have either gain-of-function or loss-of-function effects. Using the data generated by The Cancer Genome Atlas, we sought to define the spectrum of TP53 mutations in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and their association with clinicopathologic features, and to determine the oncogenic and mutational signatures in TP53-mutant HCCs. Compared to other cancer types, HCCs harbored distinctive mutation hotspots at V157 and R249, whereas common mutation hotspots in other cancer types, R175 and R273, were extremely rare in HCCs. In terms of clinicopathologic features, in addition to the associations with chronic viral infection and high Edmondson grade, we found that TP53 somatic mutations were less frequent in HCCs with cholestasis or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, but were more frequent in HCCs displaying necrotic areas. An analysis of the oncogenic signatures based on the genetic alterations found in genes recurrently altered in HCCs identified four distinct TP53-mutant subsets, three of which were defined by CTNNB1 mutations, 1q amplifications or 8q24 amplifications, respectively, that co-occurred with TP53 mutations. We also found that mutational signature 12, a liver cancer-specific signature characterized by T>C substitutions, was prevalent in HCCs with wild-type TP53 or with missense TP53 mutations, but not in HCCs with deleterious TP53 mutations. Finally, whereas patients with HCCs harboring deleterious TP53 mutations had worse overall and disease-free survival than patients with TP53-wild-type HCCs, patients with HCCs harboring missense TP53 mutations did not have worse prognosis. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance to consider the genetic heterogeneity among TP53-mutant HCCs in studies of biomarkers and molecular characterization of HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samir Abdullazade
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias S Matter
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Lanzafame
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Quagliata
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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62
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Kitao A, Matsui O, Yoneda N, Kozaka K, Kobayashi S, Koda W, Minami T, Inoue D, Yoshida K, Yamashita T, Yamashita T, Kaneko S, Takamura H, Ohta T, Ikeda H, Sato Y, Nakanuma Y, Harada K, Kita R, Gabata T. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging reflects co-activation of β-catenin and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:205-216. [PMID: 28488786 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to clarify the correlation of the co-activation of β-catenin and hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)4α with the findings of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B3 expression, and histological findings in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS One hundred and ninety-six HCCs surgically resected from 174 patients were enrolled in this study. The HCCs were classified into four groups by immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin, glutamine synthetase (GS), and HNF4α: (i) β-catenin/GS (positive [+]) HNF4α (+); (ii) β-catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (negative [-]); (iii) β-catenin/GS (-) HNF4α (+); and (iv) β-catenin/GS (-) HNF4α (-). We compared the four groups in terms of the enhancement ratio on the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, immunohistochemical organic anion transporter polypeptide (OATP)1B3 (a main uptake transporter of gadoxetic acid) expression and histological features, overall survival, and no recurrence survival. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Steel-Dwass multiple comparisons test, Fisher's exact test, and log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Enhancement ratio on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in HCC with β-catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (+) was significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P < 0.001). The OATP1B3 grade was also significantly higher in HCC with β-catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (+) (P < 0.001). Hepatocellular carcinoma with β-catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (+) showed the highest differentiation grade as compared to the other groups (P < 0.004). There were no significant differences in portal vein invasion, macroscopic growth pattern, or prognosis analyses between the four groups. CONCLUSION Co-activation of β-catenin and HNF4α would promote OATP1B3 expression, and consequently higher enhancement ratio on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and higher differentiation grade in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kitao
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsui
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norihide Yoneda
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kozaka
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Koda
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Minami
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dai Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshida
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamura
- Department of Gaetroenterologic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gaetroenterologic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikeda
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuni Nakanuma
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Gabata
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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63
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Nishioka ST, Sato MM, Wong LL, Tiirikainen M, Kwee SA. Clinical and molecular sub-classification of hepatocellular carcinoma relative to alpha-fetoprotein level in an Asia-Pacific island cohort. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4. [PMID: 29376136 PMCID: PMC5786161 DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aim Increased serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are associated with
specific molecular sub-classes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), supporting
AFP as a predictive or therapeutic biomarker for precision treatment of this
disease. Considering recent efforts to validate HCC molecular classification
systems across different populations, we applied existing signature-based
classification templates to Hawaii cohorts and examined whether associations
between HCC molecular sub-class, AFP levels, and clinical features found
elsewhere can also be found in Hawaii, a region with a unique demographic
and risk factor profile for HCC. Methods Whole-genome expression profiling was performed on HCC tumors
collected from 40 patients following partial hepatectomy. Tumors underwent
transcriptome-based categorization into 3 molecular sub-classes (S1, S2, and
S3). Patient groups based on molecular sub-class and AFP level were then
compared with regards to clinical features and survival. Differences
associated with AFP level and other clinical parameters were also examined
at the gene signature level by gene set enrichment analysis. Results Statistically confident (false discovery rate < 0.05)
sub-classifications were made in 98% (39/40) of tumors. Patient
sub-groups differed significantly with regards to serum AFP level, with
significantly lower levels in the S3 sub-group as compared to S1
(P = 0.048) and S2 (P = 0.010). Serum
AFP > 400 ng/mL predicted significant tumor enrichment for genes
corresponding to MYC target activation, high cell
proliferation, poor clinical prognosis, and the S2 sub-class. AFP >
400 ng/mL and non-S3 tumor classification were found to be significant
predictors of overall survival. Conclusion Distinct sub-classes of HCC associated with different molecular
features and survival outcomes can be detected with statistical confidence
in a Pacific Island cohort. Molecular classification signatures and other
predictive markers for HCC that are valid for all patient populations are
needed to support multi-center efforts to develop targeted therapies for
HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miles M Sato
- The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Linda L Wong
- Cancer Biology Program and Genomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Maarit Tiirikainen
- Cancer Biology Program and Genomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Sandi A Kwee
- The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.,Cancer Biology Program and Genomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.,Hamamatsu/Queen's PET Imaging Center, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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64
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In vitro modeling of hepatocellular carcinoma molecular subtypes for anti-cancer drug assessment. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e419. [PMID: 29303513 PMCID: PMC5992986 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tractable experimental model that accounts for inter-tumor molecular heterogeneity is a key element of anti-cancer drug development. Hepatocellular carcinoma is known to exhibit highly heterogeneous molecular aberrations across the tumors, including somatic genetic and epigenetic alterations. Previous studies showed that molecular tumor subtypes determined by transcriptome, as a comprehensive functional readout, are reproducibly observed across global patient populations irrespective of geographic and etiological variations. Here we demonstrate that transcriptomic hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes, S1 and S2, determined by our previous transcriptome meta-analysis of multiple clinical hepatocellular carcinoma cohorts, are presented in a panel of hepatoma cell lines widely used by the research community. Interestingly, cell line that resembles gene expression pattern of S3 subtype, representing less aggressive tumors, was not identified in the panel. MYC pathway-activated S2-like cell lines showed higher sensitivity to a small molecule BET bromodomain inhibitor, (+)-JQ1, which has anti-MYC activity. These results support the use of hepatoma cell lines as models to evaluate molecular subtype-specific drug response, which is expected to lead to development of tailored, precision care of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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65
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Fong ELS, Toh TB, Lin QXX, Liu Z, Hooi L, Mohd Abdul Rashid MB, Benoukraf T, Chow EKH, Huynh TH, Yu H. Generation of matched patient-derived xenograft in vitro-in vivo models using 3D macroporous hydrogels for the study of liver cancer. Biomaterials 2018; 159:229-240. [PMID: 29353739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, often manifesting at the advanced stage when cure is no longer possible. The discrepancy between preclinical findings and clinical outcome in HCC is well-recognized. So far, sorafenib is the only targeted therapy approved as first-line therapy for patients with advanced HCC. There is an urgent need for improved preclinical models for the development of HCC-targeted therapies. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models have been shown to closely recapitulate human tumor biology and predict patient drug response. However, the use of PDX models is currently limited by high costs and low throughput. In this study, we engineered in vitro conditions conducive for the culture of HCC-PDX organoids derived from a panel of 14 different HCC-PDX lines through the use of a three-dimensional macroporous cellulosic sponge system. To validate the in vitro HCC-PDX models, both in vivo and in vitro HCC-PDX models were subjected to whole exome sequencing and RNA-sequencing. Correlative studies indicate strong concordance in genomic and transcriptomic profiles as well as intra-tumoral heterogeneity between each matched in vitro-in vivo HCC-PDX pairs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of using these in vitro HCC-PDX models for drug testing, paving the way for more efficient preclinical studies in HCC drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Li Shan Fong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quy Xiao Xuan Lin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Lissa Hooi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Touati Benoukraf
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | - Hanry Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; BioSyM, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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66
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Obesity: Finding a Needle in the Haystack? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1061:63-77. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8684-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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67
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Lian Y, Fan W, Huang Y, Wang H, Wang J, Zhou L, Wu X, Deng M, Huang Y. Downregulated Trophinin-Associated Protein Plays a Critical Role in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Upregulation of Tumor Cell Growth and Migration. Oncol Res 2017; 26:691-701. [PMID: 29117881 PMCID: PMC7844635 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x15101398724809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) was a protein first identified to mediate the process of embryo transplantation and later found to be involved in microtubule regulation. However, little is known about the role of TROAP in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we reported that both TROAP mRNA and protein expressions were downregulated in human HCC samples as well as cell lines. A high level of TROAP was associated with small tumor size (p < 0.05), minor tumor nodules (p < 0.01), and mild vein invasion (p < 0.05). We further constructed in vitro TROAP depletion and overexpression HCC cell models. TROAP depletion significantly enhanced the proliferation and colony formation abilities, whereas TROAP overexpression had an inhibitory effect on the growth of HCC cells. The G1/S phase arrest by TROAP overexpression correlated with increased cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27, and declined cell cycle promoting kinase complex CDK6/cyclin D1. Depressed TROAP expression enhanced the migration ability, while the opposite influence was observed in TROAP-overexpressed HCC cells. Taken together, these results indicate that TROAP suppresses cellular growth and migration in HCC. This discovery will further our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lian
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Meihai Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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68
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Taouli B, Hoshida Y, Kakite S, Chen X, Tan PS, Sun X, Kihira S, Kojima K, Toffanin S, Fiel MI, Hirschfield H, Wagner M, Llovet JM. Imaging-based surrogate markers of transcriptome subclasses and signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary results. Eur Radiol 2017; 27:4472-4481. [PMID: 28439654 PMCID: PMC5654702 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-4844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this preliminary study, we examined whether imaging-based phenotypes are associated with reported predictive gene signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Thirty-eight patients (M/F 30/8, mean age 61 years) who underwent pre-operative CT or MR imaging before surgery as well as transcriptome profiling were included in this IRB-approved single-centre retrospective study. Eleven qualitative and four quantitative imaging traits (size, enhancement ratios, wash-out ratio, tumour-to-liver contrast ratios) were assessed by three observers and were correlated with 13 previously reported HCC gene signatures using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Thirty-nine HCC tumours (mean size 5.7 ± 3.2 cm) were assessed. Significant positive associations were observed between certain imaging traits and gene signatures of aggressive HCC phenotype (G3-Boyault, Proliferation-Chiang profiles, CK19-Villanueva, S1/S2-Hoshida) with odds ratios ranging from 4.44-12.73 (P <0.045). Infiltrative pattern at imaging was significantly associated with signatures of microvascular invasion and aggressive phenotype. Significant but weak associations were also observed between each enhancement ratio and tumour-to-liver contrast ratios and certain gene expression profiles. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study demonstrates a correlation between phenotypic imaging traits with gene signatures of aggressive HCC, which warrants further prospective validation to establish imaging-based surrogate markers of molecular phenotypes in HCC. KEY POINTS • There are associations between imaging and gene signatures of aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma. • Infiltrative type is associated with gene signatures of microvascular invasion and aggressiveness. • Infiltrative type may be a surrogate marker of microvascular invasion gene signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachir Taouli
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Box 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suguru Kakite
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Radiology, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishicho, Yonago City, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Xintong Chen
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Poh Seng Tan
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shingo Kihira
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Box 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Toffanin
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hadassa Hirschfield
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathilde Wagner
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- UPMC, Department of Radiology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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Castelli G, Pelosi E, Testa U. Liver Cancer: Molecular Characterization, Clonal Evolution and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9090127. [PMID: 28930164 PMCID: PMC5615342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death. The major forms of primary liver cancer are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Both these tumors develop against a background of cirrhotic liver, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic liver damage and fibrosis. HCC is a heterogeneous disease which usually develops within liver cirrhosis related to various etiologies: hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (frequent in Asia and Africa), hepatitis C virus (HCV), chronic alcohol abuse, or metabolic syndrome (frequent in Western countries). In cirrhosis, hepatocarcinogenesis is a multi-step process where pre-cancerous dysplastic macronodules transform progressively into HCC. The patterns of genomic alterations observed in these tumors were recently identified and were instrumental for the identification of potential targeted therapies that could improve patient care. Liver cancer stem cells are a small subset of undifferentiated liver tumor cells, responsible for cancer initiation, metastasis, relapse and chemoresistance, enriched and isolated according to immunophenotypic and functional properties: cell surface proteins (CD133, CD90, CD44, EpCAM, OV-6, CD13, CD24, DLK1, α2δ1, ICAM-1 and CD47); the functional markers corresponding to side population, high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and autofluorescence. The identification and definition of liver cancer stem cells requires both immunophenotypic and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
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70
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Marzi L, Villa E. Prognostic signatures from hepatocellular carcinoma biopsy. Hepat Oncol 2017; 4:65-68. [PMID: 30191054 DOI: 10.2217/hep-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marzi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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71
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Lin YY, Yu MW, Lin SM, Lee SD, Chen CL, Chen DS, Chen PJ. Genome-wide association analysis identifies a GLUL haplotype for familial hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 2017; 123:3966-3976. [PMID: 28662289 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A family history of liver cancer increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by 2-fold to 10-fold among patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). Previous genome-wide association studies have identified many possible susceptible loci associated with sporadic HBV-related HCC. However, despite family history being a well-known risk factor for HBV-related HCC, to the authors' knowledge its genetic mechanisms and associating loci remain largely unknown or unexplored, most likely due to the relative rarity of familial HCC and the difficulty of sample collection. METHODS The authors conducted a genome-wide association study with 139 male cases with familial HBV-related HCC and 139 non-HCC male controls with chronic HBV. The results were corroborated further with an independent cohort of 101 patients with familial HBV-related HCC and comparison with both the 1000 Genomes Project and the Taiwan Biobank. RESULTS A total of 51 risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms (P≤1E-04) were identified in the association analyses, which included 2 clusters of associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes at 1q25.3 (glutamate-ammonia ligase [GLUL]/transmembrane epididymal protein 1 [TEDDM1]/long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 272 [LINC00272]/regulator of G-protein signaling-like 1 [RGSL1]) and 17q11.2 (solute carrier family 13 member 2 [SLC13A2]/forkhead box N1 [FOXN1]). Both the GLUL and SLC13A2/FOXN1 haplotypes have large effect sizes and were found to be different from those found from genome-wide association studies of sporadic HCCs. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first genome-wide association study to identify genetic factors for familial HBV-related HCC. The results identified 2 large effect susceptible haplotypes located at GLUL and SLC13A2/FOXN1. The current study findings also suggest different genetic susceptibility between familial and sporadic HBV-related HCC. Cancer 2017;123:3966-76. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Whei Yu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ming Lin
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Dong Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Shinn Chen
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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72
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Zhang C, Li C, Chen X, Zhou Y, Yin B, Ni R, Zhang Y, Liu J. Overexpression of dishevelled 2 is involved in tumor metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:1507-1517. [PMID: 28589433 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, its molecular mechanism is still unknown. Dishevelled 2 (Dvl2) is one of the downstream targets of non-canonical Wnt signaling, which has been demonstrated to be of great importance in the progression of cancers. Nevertheless, the expression mechanisms and physiological significance of Dvl2 in HCC remain unclear. METHODS Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to measure Dvl2 protein expression in HCC and adjacent normal tissues of 101 patients. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to determine cell migration and invasion. RESULTS Dvl2 expression was upregulated in HCC tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, its expression level was significantly correlated with histological grade (P = 0.042), metastasis (P = 0.005) and vein invasion (P = 0.009) in patients with HCC. Wound healing and transwell assays showed that knockdown of Dvl2 reduced cell migration and invasion in HepG2 cells. Finally, we confirmed that Dvl2 could regulate the migration and invasion of HCC cells by interacting with P62 in non-canonical Wnt signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that Dvl2 was overexpressed in HCC tissues and was also correlated with poor prognosis, suggesting that Dvl2 is a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Grade 14, Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - C Li
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30# Tong Yang Road, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30# Tong Yang Road, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30# Tong Yang Road, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - B Yin
- Grade 14, Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - R Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20# Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30# Tong Yang Road, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - J Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20# Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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73
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Quantification of hepatocellular carcinoma heterogeneity with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2452. [PMID: 28550313 PMCID: PMC5446396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour heterogeneity poses a significant challenge for treatment stratification. The goals of this study were to quantify heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), and to report preliminary data correlating quantitative MRI parameters with advanced histopathology and gene expression in a patient subset. Thirty-two HCC patients with 39 HCC lesions underwent mpMRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD), tissue-oxygenation-level-dependent (TOLD) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI. Histogram characteristics [central tendency (mean, median) and heterogeneity (standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness) MRI parameters] in HCC and liver parenchyma were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Histogram data was correlated between MRI methods in all patients and with histopathology and gene expression in 14 patients. HCCs exhibited significantly higher intra-tissue heterogeneity vs. liver with all MRI methods (P < 0.030). Although central tendency parameters showed significant correlations between MRI methods and with each of histopathology and gene expression, heterogeneity parameters exhibited additional complementary correlations between BOLD and DCE-MRI and with histopathologic hypoxia marker HIF1α and gene expression of Wnt target GLUL, pharmacological target FGFR4, stemness markers EPCAM and KRT19 and immune checkpoint PDCD1. Histogram analysis combining central tendency and heterogeneity mpMRI features is promising for non-invasive HCC characterization on the imaging, histologic and genomics levels.
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74
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Tamaki N, Kuno A, Matsuda A, Tsujikawa H, Yamazaki K, Yasui Y, Tsuchiya K, Nakanishi H, Itakura J, Korenaga M, Mizokami M, Kurosaki M, Sakamoto M, Narimatsu H, Izumi N. Serum Wisteria Floribunda Agglutinin-Positive Sialylated Mucin 1 as a Marker of Progenitor/Biliary Features in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:244. [PMID: 28325920 PMCID: PMC5428232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is clinically important for predicting the prognosis. However, a reliable serum marker has not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum Wisteria Floribunda agglutinin-positive sialylated mucin 1 (WFA-sialylated MUC1), which is a novel biliary marker, as a marker of HCC with hepatic progenitor cell (HPC)/biliary features and of prognosis. A total of 144 consecutive patients who underwent complete radiofrequency ablation of primary HCC were enrolled. A serum WFA-sialylated MUC1 level of 900 μL/mL was determined as the optimal cutoff value for prediction of immunohistochemical staining for HPC/biliary features [sialylated MUC1 and cytokeratin 19 (CK19)]. Positive staining rate of sialylated MUC1 and CK19 was significantly higher in patients with WFA-sialylated MUC1 ≥900 than those with WFA-sialylated MUC1 <900. Furthermore, cumulative incidence of HCC recurrence was significantly higher in patients with WFA-sialylated MUC1 ≥900 and on multivariate analysis, serum WFA-sialylated MUC1 levels was an independent predictor of HCC recurrence. These results revealed that serum WFA-sialylated MUC1 was associated with histological feature of HCC and recurrence after curative therapy and it could be a novel marker of HPC/biliary features in HCC and of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuharu Tamaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuda
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hanako Tsujikawa
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Itakura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Korenaga
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurosaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Namiki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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75
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Biomarker MicroRNAs for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Functional Survey and Comparison. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38311. [PMID: 27917899 PMCID: PMC5137156 DOI: 10.1038/srep38311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality rate. Precision and effective biomarkers are therefore urgently needed for the early diagnosis and prognostic estimation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators which play functions in various cellular processes and biological activities. Accumulating evidence indicated that the abnormal expression of miRNAs are closely associated with HCC initiation and progression. Recently, many biomarker miRNAs for HCC have been identified from blood or tissues samples, however, the universality and specificity on clinicopathological features of them are less investigated. In this review, we comprehensively surveyed and compared the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles of HCC biomarker miRNAs in blood and tissues based on the cancer hallmarks, etiological factors as well as ethnic groups, which will be helpful to the understanding of the pathogenesis of biomarker miRNAs in HCC development and further provide accurate clinical decisions for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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76
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Lu H, Rogowskyj J, Yu W, Venkatesh A, Khan N, Nakagawa S, Goossens N, Koh AP, Higashi T, Gunasekaran G, Schwarz ME, Hiotis SP, Xu X, Kinney W, Hoshida Y, Block T, Cuconati A, Du Y. Novel substituted aminothiazoles as potent and selective anti-hepatocellular carcinoma agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5819-5824. [PMID: 27793566 PMCID: PMC6317351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on our previous identification of a disubstituted aminothiazole termed HBF-0079 with promising selective toxicity for HCC-derived cell lines versus non-HCC liver lines, a series of tri-substituted aminothiazole derivatives were prepared and evaluated. This work resulted in the discovery of isopropyl 4-(pyrazin-2-yl)-2-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxylate, 14, which displayed EC50 value of 0.11μM and more than 450times of selectivity, and its methyl carbonate prodrug 24 with improved solubility in organic solvents. Furthermore, 14, was shown to reduce the proliferation of several liver cancer cells derived directly from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagang Lu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, United States
| | - John Rogowskyj
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, United States
| | - Wenquan Yu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, United States
| | - Anu Venkatesh
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Noshena Khan
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, United States
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Nicolas Goossens
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Anna P Koh
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Takaaki Higashi
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Ganesh Gunasekaran
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Myron E Schwarz
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Spiros P Hiotis
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, United States
| | - William Kinney
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, United States
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Timothy Block
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, United States
| | - Andrea Cuconati
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, United States.
| | - Yanming Du
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, United States.
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77
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Tan PS, Nakagawa S, Goossens N, Venkatesh A, Huang T, Ward SC, Sun X, Song WM, Koh A, Canasto-Chibuque C, Deshmukh M, Nair V, Mahajan M, Zhang B, Fiel MI, Kobayashi M, Kumada H, Hoshida Y. Clinicopathological indices to predict hepatocellular carcinoma molecular classification. Liver Int 2016; 36:108-18. [PMID: 26058462 PMCID: PMC4674393 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most lethal cancer caused by lack of effective therapies. Although promising, HCC molecular classification, which enriches potential responders to specific therapies, has not yet been assessed in clinical trials of anti-HCC drugs. We aimed to overcome these challenges by developing clinicopathological surrogate indices of HCC molecular classification. METHODS Hepatocellular carcinoma classification defined in our previous transcriptome meta-analysis (S1, S2 and S3 subclasses) was implemented in an FDA-approved diagnostic platform (Elements assay, NanoString). Ninety-six HCC tumours (training set) were assayed to develop molecular subclass-predictive indices based on clinicopathological features, which were independently validated in 99 HCC tumours (validation set). Molecular deregulations associated with the histopathological features were determined by pathway analysis. Sample sizes for HCC clinical trials enriched with specific molecular subclasses were determined. RESULTS Hepatocellular carcinoma subclass-predictive indices were steatohepatitic (SH)-HCC variant and immune cell infiltrate for S1 subclass, macrotrabecular/compact pattern, lack of pseudoglandular pattern, and high serum alpha-foetoprotein (>400 ng/ml) for S2 subclass, and microtrabecular pattern, lack of SH-HCC and clear cell variants, and lower histological grade for S3 subclass. Macrotrabecular/compact pattern, a predictor of S2 subclass, was associated with the activation of therapeutically targetable oncogene YAP and stemness markers EPCAM/KRT19. BMP4 was associated with pseudoglandular pattern. Subclass-predictive indices-based patient enrichment reduced clinical trial sample sizes from 121, 184 and 53 to 30, 43 and 22 for S1, S2 and S3 subclass-targeting therapies respectively. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocellular carcinoma molecular subclasses can be enriched by clinicopathological indices tightly associated with deregulation of therapeutically targetable molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poh Seng Tan
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S
| | - Nicolas Goossens
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Anu Venkatesh
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S
| | - Tiangui Huang
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S
| | - Stephen C. Ward
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S
| | - Won-Min Song
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S
| | - Anna Koh
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S
| | - Claudia Canasto-Chibuque
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S
| | - Manjeet Deshmukh
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S
| | - Venugopalan Nair
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S
| | - Milind Mahajan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S
| | - Maria Isabel Fiel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, U.S
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78
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McMahon B, Block J, Block T, Cohen C, Evans AA, Hosangadi A, London WT, Sherman M. Hepatitis-Associated Liver Cancer: Gaps and Opportunities to Improve Care. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 108:djv359. [PMID: 26626106 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; primary liver cancer) is increasing. HCC is often unaccompanied by clear symptomatology, causing patients to be unaware of their disease. Moreover, effective treatment for those with advanced disease is lacking. As such, effective surveillance and early detection of HCC are essential. However, current screening and surveillance guidelines are not being fully implemented. Some at-risk populations fall outside of the guidelines, and patients who are screened are often not diagnosed at an early enough stage for treatment to be effective. From March 17 to 19, 2015, the Hepatitis B Foundation sponsored a workshop to identify gaps and limitations in current approaches to the detection and treatment of HCC and to define research priorities and opportunities for advocacy. In this Commentary, we summarize areas for further research and action that were discussed throughout the workshop to improve the recognition of liver disease generally, improve the recognition of liver cancer risk, and improve the recognition that screening for HCC makes a life-saving difference. Participants agreed that primary prevention of HCC relies on prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis and other underlying etiologies. Earlier diagnosis (secondary prevention) needs to be substantially improved. Areas for attention include increasing practitioner awareness, better definition of at-risk populations, and improved performance of screening approaches (ultrasound, biomarkers for detection, risk stratification, targeted therapies). The heterogeneous nature of HCC makes it unlikely that a single therapeutic agent will be universally effective. Medical management will benefit from the development of new, targeted treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian McMahon
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK (BM); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (JB); Baruch S. Blumberg Institute and Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (TB); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (CC); Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (AAE); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (AH); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (WTL); University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (MS)
| | - Joan Block
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK (BM); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (JB); Baruch S. Blumberg Institute and Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (TB); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (CC); Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (AAE); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (AH); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (WTL); University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (MS).
| | - Timothy Block
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK (BM); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (JB); Baruch S. Blumberg Institute and Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (TB); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (CC); Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (AAE); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (AH); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (WTL); University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (MS)
| | - Chari Cohen
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK (BM); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (JB); Baruch S. Blumberg Institute and Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (TB); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (CC); Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (AAE); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (AH); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (WTL); University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (MS)
| | - Alison A Evans
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK (BM); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (JB); Baruch S. Blumberg Institute and Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (TB); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (CC); Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (AAE); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (AH); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (WTL); University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (MS)
| | - Anu Hosangadi
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK (BM); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (JB); Baruch S. Blumberg Institute and Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (TB); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (CC); Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (AAE); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (AH); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (WTL); University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (MS)
| | - W Thomas London
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK (BM); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (JB); Baruch S. Blumberg Institute and Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (TB); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (CC); Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (AAE); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (AH); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (WTL); University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (MS)
| | - Morris Sherman
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK (BM); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (JB); Baruch S. Blumberg Institute and Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (TB); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (CC); Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (AAE); Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA (AH); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (WTL); University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (MS)
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