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Máximo V, Melo M, Zhu Y, Gazzo A, Sobrinho Simões M, Da Cruz Paula A, Soares P. Genomic profiling of primary and metastatic thyroid cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2024; 31:e230144. [PMID: 38015791 DOI: 10.1530/erc-23-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The genetic repertoire of primary thyroid cancers (TCs) is well documented, but there is a considerable lack of molecular profiling in metastatic TCs. Here, we retrieved and analyzed the molecular and clinical features of 475 primary and metastatic TCs subjected to targeted DNA sequencing, from the cBioPortal database. The cohort included primary and metastatic samples from 276 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), 5 follicular thyroid carcinomas, 22 Hürthle cell carcinomas (HCCs), 127 poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTCs), 30 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) and 15 medullary thyroid carcinomas. The ATCs had the highest tumor mutational burden and the HCCs the highest fraction of the genome altered. Compared to primary PTCs, the metastases had a significantly higher frequency of genetic alterations affecting TERT (51% vs 77%, P < 0.001), CDKN2A (2% vs 10%, P < 0.01), RET (2% vs 7%, P < 0.05), CDKN2B (1% vs 6%, P < 0.05) and BCOR (0% vs 4%, P < 0.05). The distant metastases had a significantly lower frequency of BRAF (64% vs 85%, P < 0.01) and a significantly higher frequency of NRAS (13% vs 3%, P < 0.05) hotspot mutations than the lymph node metastases. Metastases from HCCs and PDTCs were found to be enriched for NF1 (29%) and TP53 (18%) biallelic alterations, respectively. The frequency of subclonal mutations in ATCs was significantly higher than in PTCs (43% vs 25%, P < 0.01) and PDTCs (43% vs 22%, P < 0.01). Metastatic TCs are enriched in clinically informative genetic alterations such as RET translocations, BRAF hotspot mutations and NF1 biallelic losses that may be explored therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemar Máximo
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Melo
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Medical Faculty, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Gazzo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Manuel Sobrinho Simões
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital São João, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Arnaud Da Cruz Paula
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Brighi N, Conteduca V, Gurioli G, Scarpi E, Cursano MC, Bleve S, Lolli C, Schepisi G, Casadei C, Gianni C, Ulivi P, De Giorgi U. Longitudinal assessment of plasma androgen receptor copy number predicts overall survival in subsequent treatment lines in castration-resistant prostate cancer: analysis from a prospective trial. ESMO Open 2023; 8:102036. [PMID: 37866028 PMCID: PMC10774884 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baseline plasma androgen-receptor copy number (AR-CN) is a promising biomarker for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) outcome and treatment response; however, the role of its longitudinal testing is unproven. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of AR-CN assessed before subsequent treatment lines in mCRPC patients. METHODS A subgroup analysis of a prospective multicenter biomarker trial (IRSTB030) was carried out. Plasma AR-CN status (classified as normal or gain, cut-off value = 2) was assessed with digital PCR before each treatment line. RESULTS Forty mCRPC patients receiving sequentially docetaxel, cabazitaxel and an AR signaling inhibitor (abiraterone or enzalutamide) were analyzed. At multivariate analysis, at each assessment overall survival (OS) was independently correlated with AR-CN status [first line: hazard ratio (HR) 4.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-10.5]; second line: HR 2.4 (95% CI 1.1-5.3); third line: HR 2.1 (95% CI 1.0-4.3)] and median prostate-specific antigen [first line: HR 4.4 (95% CI 1.8-10.9); second line: HR 3.4 (95% CI 1.6-7.2); third line: HR 2.5 (95% CI 1.2-5.6)]. In the three subsequent assessments, AR-CN status changed from normal to gain in 15 (38%) patients. These patients had longer OS (47 months) compared with patients presenting AR-CN gain from first assessment (36 months), but shorter than those maintaining normal AR-CN (69 months) (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Plasma AR-CN correlates with survival not only at baseline (before first treatment), but also in the assessments before the following lines. Interestingly, AR-CN status may change from normal to gain across subsequent treatments in a significant number of cases, identifying a group of patients with intermediate outcomes. Longitudinal assessment of AR-CN status could represent a promising method to capture mCRPC intrinsic heterogeneity and to improve clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Brighi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola.
| | - V Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, Foggia
| | - G Gurioli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola
| | - E Scarpi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - M C Cursano
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola
| | - S Bleve
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola
| | - C Lolli
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola
| | - G Schepisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola
| | - C Casadei
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola
| | - C Gianni
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola
| | - P Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola
| | - U De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola
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Libura M, Karabin K, Tyrna P, Czyż A, Makuch-Łasica H, Jaźwiec B, Paluszewska M, Piątkowska-Jakubas B, Zawada M, Gniot M, Trubicka J, Szymańska M, Borg K, Więsik M, Czekalska S, Florek I, Król M, Paszkowska-Kowalewska M, Gil L, Kapelko-Słowik K, Patkowska E, Tomaszewska A, Mądry K, Machowicz R, Czerw T, Piekarska A, Dutka M, Kopińska A, Helbig G, Gromek T, Lewandowski K, Zacharczuk M, Pastwińska A, Wróbel T, Haus O, Basak G, Hołowiecki J, Juszczyński P, Lech-Marańda E, Giebel S, Jędrzejczak WW. Prognostic Impact of Copy Number Alterations' Profile and AID/RAG Signatures in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) with BCR::ABL and without Recurrent Genetic Aberrations (NEG ALL) Treated with Intensive Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5431. [PMID: 38001691 PMCID: PMC10670434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is associated with poor outcomes. ALL is initiated by primary aberrations, but secondary genetic lesions are necessary for overt ALL. In this study, we reassessed the value of primary and secondary aberrations in intensively treated ALL patients in relation to mutator enzyme expression. RT-PCR, genomic PCR, and sequencing were applied to evaluate primary aberrations, while qPCR was used to measure the expression of RAG and AID mutator enzymes in 166 adult ALL patients. Secondary copy number alterations (CNA) were studied in 94 cases by MLPA assay. Primary aberrations alone stratified 30% of the patients (27% high-risk, 3% low-risk cases). The remaining 70% intermediate-risk patients included BCR::ABL1pos subgroup and ALL lacking identified genetic markers (NEG ALL). We identified three CNA profiles: high-risk bad-CNA (CNAhigh/IKZF1pos), low-risk good-CNA (all other CNAs), and intermediate-risk CNAneg. Furthermore, based on RAG/AID expression, we report possible mechanisms underlying the CNA profiles associated with poor outcome: AID stratified outcome in CNAneg, which accompanied most likely a particular profile of single nucleotide variations, while RAG in CNApos increased the odds for CNAhigh/IKZF1pos development. Finally, we integrated primary genetic aberrations with CNA to propose a revised risk stratification code, which allowed us to stratify 75% of BCR::ABL1pos and NEG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Libura
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (P.T.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (M.P.-K.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (G.B.); (W.W.J.)
| | - Karolina Karabin
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (P.T.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (M.P.-K.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (G.B.); (W.W.J.)
| | - Paweł Tyrna
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (P.T.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (M.P.-K.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (G.B.); (W.W.J.)
| | - Anna Czyż
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Wrocław, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland; (A.C.); (B.J.); (K.K.-S.); (M.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Hanna Makuch-Łasica
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (H.M.-Ł.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (P.J.); (E.L.-M.)
| | - Bożena Jaźwiec
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Wrocław, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland; (A.C.); (B.J.); (K.K.-S.); (M.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Monika Paluszewska
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (P.T.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (M.P.-K.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (G.B.); (W.W.J.)
| | - Beata Piątkowska-Jakubas
- Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland; (B.P.-J.); (M.Z.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Magdalena Zawada
- Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland; (B.P.-J.); (M.Z.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Michał Gniot
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (M.G.); (L.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Joanna Trubicka
- Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-736 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Szymańska
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (P.T.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (M.P.-K.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (G.B.); (W.W.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Borg
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (H.M.-Ł.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (P.J.); (E.L.-M.)
| | - Marta Więsik
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (P.T.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (M.P.-K.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (G.B.); (W.W.J.)
| | - Sylwia Czekalska
- Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland; (B.P.-J.); (M.Z.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Izabela Florek
- Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland; (B.P.-J.); (M.Z.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Maria Król
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (P.T.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (M.P.-K.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (G.B.); (W.W.J.)
| | - Małgorzata Paszkowska-Kowalewska
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (P.T.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (M.P.-K.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (G.B.); (W.W.J.)
| | - Lidia Gil
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (M.G.); (L.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Kapelko-Słowik
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Wrocław, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland; (A.C.); (B.J.); (K.K.-S.); (M.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Elżbieta Patkowska
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (H.M.-Ł.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (P.J.); (E.L.-M.)
| | - Agnieszka Tomaszewska
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (P.T.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (M.P.-K.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (G.B.); (W.W.J.)
| | - Krzysztof Mądry
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (P.T.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (M.P.-K.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (G.B.); (W.W.J.)
| | - Rafał Machowicz
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (P.T.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (M.P.-K.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (G.B.); (W.W.J.)
| | - Tomasz Czerw
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (T.C.); (J.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Piekarska
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Magdalena Dutka
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Anna Kopińska
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.); (G.H.)
| | - Grzegorz Helbig
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.); (G.H.)
| | - Tomasz Gromek
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Lewandowski
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (M.G.); (L.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Marta Zacharczuk
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Wrocław, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland; (A.C.); (B.J.); (K.K.-S.); (M.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Anna Pastwińska
- Department of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Wróbel
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Wrocław, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland; (A.C.); (B.J.); (K.K.-S.); (M.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Olga Haus
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Basak
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (P.T.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (M.P.-K.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (G.B.); (W.W.J.)
| | - Jerzy Hołowiecki
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (T.C.); (J.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Przemysław Juszczyński
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (H.M.-Ł.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (P.J.); (E.L.-M.)
| | - Ewa Lech-Marańda
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (H.M.-Ł.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (P.J.); (E.L.-M.)
| | - Sebastian Giebel
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (T.C.); (J.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Wiesław Wiktor Jędrzejczak
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (P.T.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (M.P.-K.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (G.B.); (W.W.J.)
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Rengifo LY, Smits S, Boeckx N, Michaux L, Vandenberghe P, Dewaele B. Shallow whole-genome sequencing of bone marrow aspirates in myelodysplastic neoplasms: A retrospective comparison with cytogenetics. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023; 62:663-671. [PMID: 37293982 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number alterations (CNA) are powerful prognostic markers in myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) and are routinely analyzed by conventional cytogenetic analysis (CCA) on bone marrow (BM). Although CCA is still the gold standard, it requires extensive hands-on time and highly trained staff for the analysis, making it a laborious technique. To reduce turn-around-time per case, shallow whole genome sequencing (sWGS) technologies offer new perspectives for the diagnostic work-up of this disorder. We compared sWGS with CCA for the detection of CNAs in 33 retrospective BM samples of patients with MDS. Using sWGS, CNAs were detected in all cases and additionally allowed the analysis of three cases for which CCA failed. The prognostic stratification (IPSS-R score) of 27 out of 30 patients was the same with both techniques. In the remaining cases, discrepancies were caused by the presence of balanced translocations escaping sWGS detection in two cases, a subclonal aberration reported with CCA that could not be confirmed by FISH or sWGS, and the presence of an isodicentric chromosome idic(17)(p11) missed by CCA. Since sWGS can almost entirely be automated, our findings indicate that sWGS is valuable in a routine setting validating it as a cost-efficient tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanne Smits
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy Boeckx
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucienne Michaux
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenberghe
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Dewaele
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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de Koster EJ, Corver WE, de Geus-Oei LF, Oyen WJG, Ruano D, Schepers A, Snel M, van Wezel T, Vriens D, Morreau H. A clinically applicable molecular classification of oncocytic cell thyroid nodules. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:e230047. [PMID: 37399519 PMCID: PMC10448578 DOI: 10.1530/erc-23-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Whole chromosome instability with near-whole genome haploidization (GH) and subsequent endoreduplication is considered a main genomic driver in the tumorigenesis of oncocytic cell thyroid neoplasms (OCN). These copy number alterations (CNA) occur less frequently in oncocytic thyroid adenoma (OA) than in oncocytic carcinoma (OCA), suggesting a continuous process. The current study described the CNA patterns in a cohort of 30 benign and malignant OCN, observed using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel that assesses genome-wide loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and chromosomal imbalances using 1500 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across all autosomes and the X chromosome in DNA derived from cytological and histological samples. Observed CNA patterns were verified using multiparameter DNA flow cytometry with or without whole-genome SNP array analysis and lesser-allele intensity-ratio (LAIR) analysis. On CNA-LOH analysis using the NGS panel, GH-type CNA were observed in 4 of 11 (36%) OA and in 14 of 16 OCA (88%). Endoreduplication was suspected in 8 of 16 (50%) OCA, all with more extensive GH-type CNA (P < 0.001). Reciprocal chromosomal imbalance type CNA, characterized by (imbalanced) chromosomal copy number gains and associated with benign disease, were observed in 6 of 11 (55%) OA and one equivocal case of OCA. CNA patterns were different between the histopathological subgroups (P < 0.001). By applying the structured interpretation and considerations provided by the current study, CNA-LOH analysis using an NGS panel that is feasible for daily practice may be of great added value to the widespread application of molecular diagnostics in the diagnosis and risk stratification of OCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J de Koster
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willem E Corver
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Wim J G Oyen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Dina Ruano
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Abbey Schepers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Snel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Vriens
- Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Chang E, Demirci H, Demirci FY. Genetic Aspects of Conjunctival Melanoma: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1668. [PMID: 37761808 PMCID: PMC10530751 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is a rare but aggressive cancer. Over the past decade, molecular studies using rapidly advancing technologies have increasingly improved our understanding of CM genetics. CMs are mainly characterized by dysregulated MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, driven by commonly mutated (BRAF, NRAS, NF1) or less commonly mutated (KIT, PTEN) genes. Another group of genes frequently mutated in CMs include TERT and ATRX, with known roles in telomere maintenance and chromatin remodeling/epigenetic regulation. Uveal melanoma-related genes (BAP1, SF3B1, GNAQ/11) can also be mutated in CMs, albeit infrequently. Additional CM-related mutated genes have increasingly been identified using more comprehensive genetic analyses, awaiting further confirmation in additional/larger studies. As a tumor arising in a partly sun-exposed mucosal tissue, CM exhibits a distinct genomic profile, including the frequent presence of an ultraviolet (UV) signature (and high mutational load) and also the common occurrence of large structural variations (distributed across the genome) in addition to specific gene mutations. The knowledge gained from CM genetic studies to date has led to new therapeutic avenues, including the use of targeted and/or immuno-therapies with promising outcomes in several cases. Accordingly, the implementation of tumor genetic testing into the routine clinical care of CM patients holds promise to further improve and personalize their treatments. Likewise, a growing knowledge of poor prognosis-associated genetic changes in CMs (NRAS, TERT, and uveal melanoma signature mutations and chromosome 10q deletions) may ultimately guide future strategies for prognostic testing to further improve clinical outcomes (by tailoring surveillance and considering prophylactic treatments in patients with high-risk primary tumors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Hakan Demirci
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - F. Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Almohaywi M, Sugita BM, Centa A, Fonseca AS, Antunes VC, Fadda P, Mannion CM, Abijo T, Goldberg SL, Campbell MC, Copeland RL, Kanaan Y, Cavalli LR. Deregulated miRNA Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer of Ancestral Genomic-Characterized Latina Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13046. [PMID: 37685851 PMCID: PMC10487916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), several studies have suggested that deregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression may be associated with a more aggressive phenotype. Although tumor molecular signatures may be race- and/or ethnicity-specific, there is limited information on the molecular profiles in women with TNBC of Hispanic and Latin American ancestry. We simultaneously profiled TNBC biopsies for the genome-wide copy number and miRNA global expression from 28 Latina women and identified a panel of 28 miRNAs associated with copy number alterations (CNAs). Four selected miRNAs (miR-141-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-182-5p, and miR-661) were validated in a subset of tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissue samples, with miR-182-5p being the most discriminatory among tissue groups (AUC value > 0.8). MiR-141-3p up-regulation was associated with increased cancer recurrence; miR-661 down-regulation with larger tumor size; and down-regulation of miR-150-5p with larger tumor size, high p53 expression, increased cancer recurrence, presence of distant metastasis, and deceased status. This study reinforces the importance of integration analysis of CNAs and miRNAs in TNBC, allowing for the identification of interactions among molecular mechanisms. Additionally, this study emphasizes the significance of considering the patients ancestral background when examining TNBC, as it can influence the relationship between intrinsic tumor molecular characteristics and clinical manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Almohaywi
- Microbiology Department, Howard University Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Bruna M. Sugita
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Ariana Centa
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline S. Fonseca
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Valquiria C. Antunes
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ciaran M. Mannion
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07701, USA
| | - Tomilowo Abijo
- National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Stuart L. Goldberg
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ 07701, USA
- COTA, Inc., New York, NY 10014, USA
| | - Michael C. Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Robert L. Copeland
- Pharmacology Department, Howard University Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Yasmine Kanaan
- Microbiology Department, Howard University Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Luciane R. Cavalli
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Oncology Department, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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8
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Jones JL, Poulsom R, Coates PJ. Recent Advances in Pathology: the 2023 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology. J Pathol 2023; 260:495-497. [PMID: 37580852 DOI: 10.1002/path.6192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The 2023 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology, Recent Advances in Pathology, contains 12 invited reviews on topics of current interest in pathology. This year, our subjects include immuno-oncology and computational pathology approaches for diagnostic and research applications in human disease. Reviews on the tissue microenvironment include the effects of apoptotic cell-derived exosomes, how understanding the tumour microenvironment predicts prognosis, and the growing appreciation of the diverse functions of fibroblast subtypes in health and disease. We also include up-to-date reviews of modern aspects of the molecular basis of malignancies, and our final review covers new knowledge of vascular and lymphatic regeneration in cardiac disease. All of the reviews contained in this issue are written by expert groups of authors selected to discuss the recent progress in their particular fields and all articles are freely available online (https://pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10969896). © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard Poulsom
- The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, UK
| | - Philip J Coates
- Research Center for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Dermawan JK, Rubin BP. The spectrum and significance of secondary (co-occurring) genetic alterations in sarcomas: the hallmarks of sarcomagenesis. J Pathol 2023; 260:637-648. [PMID: 37345731 DOI: 10.1002/path.6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Bone and soft tissue tumors are generally classified into complex karyotype sarcomas versus those with recurrent genetic alterations, often in the form of gene fusions. In this review, we provide an overview of important co-occurring genomic alterations, organized by biological mechanisms and covering a spectrum of genomic alteration types: mutations (single-nucleotide variations or indels) in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, copy number alterations, transcriptomic signatures, genomic complexity indices (e.g. CINSARC), and complex genomic structural variants. We discuss the biological and prognostic roles of these so-called secondary or co-occurring alterations, arguing that recognition and detection of these alterations may be significant for our understanding and management of mesenchymal tumors. On a related note, we also discuss major recurrent alterations in so-called complex karyotype sarcomas. These secondary alterations are essential to sarcomagenesis via a variety of mechanisms, such as inactivation of tumor suppressors, activation of proliferative signal transduction, telomere maintenance, and aberrant regulation of epigenomic/chromatin remodeling players. The use of comprehensive genomic profiling, including targeted next-generation sequencing panels or whole-exome sequencing, may be incorporated into clinical workflows to offer more comprehensive, potentially clinically actionable information. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine K Dermawan
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian P Rubin
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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10
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Ardizzoia A, Jemma A, Redaelli S, Silva M, Bentivegna A, Lavitrano M, Conconi D. AhRR and PPP1R3C: Potential Prognostic Biomarkers for Serous Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11455. [PMID: 37511212 PMCID: PMC10380391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective screening and successful treatment contributes to high ovarian cancer mortality, making it the second most common cause of gynecologic cancer death. Development of chemoresistance in up to 75% of patients is the cause of a poor treatment response and reduced survival. Therefore, identifying potential and effective biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis is a strong critical need. Copy number alterations are frequent in cancer, and relevant for molecular tumor stratification and patients' prognoses. In this study, array-CGH analysis was performed in three cell lines and derived cancer stem cells (CSCs) to identify genes potentially predictive for ovarian cancer patients' prognoses. Bioinformatic analyses of genes involved in copy number gains revealed that AhRR and PPP1R3C expression negatively correlated with ovarian cancer patients' overall and progression-free survival. These results, together with a significant association between AhRR and PPP1R3C expression and ovarian cancer stemness markers, suggested their potential role in CSCs. Furthermore, AhRR and PPP1R3C's increased expression was maintained in some CSC subpopulations, reinforcing their potential role in ovarian cancer. In conclusion, we reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a prognostic role of AhRR and PPP1R3C expression in serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.A.); (A.J.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (M.L.)
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11
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Singh J, Benjamin M, Pandey AK, Kumari S, Ali MS, Palanichamy JK, Bakhshi S, Singh A, Pushpam D, Kumar A, Seth R, Singh I, Tanwar P, Singh AR, Sharma G, Arora M, Chopra A. Prognostic relevance of surface expression of cytokine receptor-like factor 2 in pediatric B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:2452-2470. [PMID: 37424808 PMCID: PMC10326580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2) resulting from its genomic rearrangement is the most frequent genetic alteration found in Philadelphia chromosome-like (Ph-like) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), a high-risk leukemia. Detection of CRLF2 expression by multiparameter flow cytometry has been proposed as a screening tool for the identification of Ph-like B-ALL. However, the prognostic relevance of flow cytometric expression of CRLF2 in pediatric B-ALL is not very clear. Additionally, its association with common copy number alterations (CNA) has not been studied in detail. Hence, in this study, we prospectively evaluated the flow cytometric expression of CRLF2 in 256 pediatric B-ALL patients and determined its association with molecular features such as common CNAs detected using Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and mutations in CRLF2, JAK2 and IL7RA genes. Further, its association with clinicopathological features including patient outcome was assessed. We found that 8.59% (22/256) pediatric B-ALL patients were CRLF2-positive at diagnosis. Among CNAs, CRLF2 positivity was associated with presence of PAX5 alteration (P=0.041). JAK2 and IL-7R mutations were found in 9% and 13.6% CRLF2-positive patients, respectively. IGH::CRLF2 or P2RY8::CRLF2 fusions were each found in 1/22 individuals. CRLF2-positive patients were found to have inferior overall (hazard ratio (HR) =4.39, P=0.006) and event free survival (HR=2.62, P=0.045), independent to other clinical features. Furthermore, concomitant CNA of IKZF1 in CRLF2 positive patients was associated with a greater hazard for poor overall and event free survival, compared to patients without these alterations or presence of any one of them. Our findings demonstrate that the surface CRLF2 expression in association with IKZF1 copy number alteration can be used to risk stratify pediatric B-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Singh
- Laboratory Oncology, AIIMSNew Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amitabh Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Safdarjung HospitalNew Delhi, India
| | | | - Akash Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, AIIMSNew Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Seth
- Department of Pediatrics, AIIMSNew Delhi, India
| | - Inder Singh
- Department of Neurology, AIIMSNew Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Mohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMSNew Delhi, India
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12
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Labat-de-Hoz L, Rubio-Ramos A, Correas I, Alonso MA. The MAL Family of Proteins: Normal Function, Expression in Cancer, and Potential Use as Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2801. [PMID: 37345137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The MAL family of integral membrane proteins consists of MAL, MAL2, MALL, PLLP, CMTM8, MYADM, and MYADML2. The best characterized members are elements of the machinery that controls specialized pathways of membrane traffic and cell signaling. This review aims to help answer the following questions about the MAL-family genes: (i) is their expression regulated in cancer and, if so, how? (ii) What role do they play in cancer? (iii) Might they have biomedical applications? Analysis of large-scale gene expression datasets indicated altered levels of MAL-family transcripts in specific cancer types. A comprehensive literature search provides evidence of MAL-family gene dysregulation and protein function repurposing in cancer. For MAL, and probably for other genes of the family, dysregulation is primarily a consequence of gene methylation, although copy number alterations also contribute to varying degrees. The scrutiny of the two sources of information, datasets and published studies, reveals potential prognostic applications of MAL-family members as cancer biomarkers-for instance, MAL2 in breast cancer, MAL2 and MALL in pancreatic cancer, and MAL and MYADM in lung cancer-and other biomedical uses. The availability of validated antibodies to some MAL-family proteins sanctions their use as cancer biomarkers in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Labat-de-Hoz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando Rubio-Ramos
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Staaf J, Aine M, Nacer DF, Planck M, Arbajian E. Molecular characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma with respect to patient age at diagnosis. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:197-209. [PMID: 36965051 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is primarily a disease of the elderly, with a median age at diagnosis around 70 years. In this study we sought to address the question of whether and how clinical characteristics, molecular alterations, and molecular phenotypes differ between patient populations with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (AC) with respect to age at diagnosis. Patients were stratified based on age at diagnosis into five systematic age bins (<50, 50-60, 60-70, 70-80, and ≥80 years). To assess clinicopathological variables on a population-based level, we accessed data from the national quality registry for lung cancer in Sweden. In parallel, we used compiled datasets from public cohorts to investigate focal and genome-wide DNA alterations, epigenetic alterations, immune composition, and transcriptional patterns in relation to age at diagnosis. Gender, stage, WHO performance, and likelihood of receiving chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment were linked to age at diagnosis. Associations between younger patient age and likelihood of harboring certain driver mutations (e.g., in EGFR and ALK) were confirmed. We also found an association between age at diagnosis and certain mutational signatures. However, age did not seem to drive transcriptional, copy number, nor epigenetic variation in the tumors. Based on our findings, age at diagnosis alone does not appear to provide an additional layer of biological complexity above that of proposed genetic and transcriptional phenotypes of AC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology, Department of clinical sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-22381, Lund, Sweden
- Division of translational cancer research, Department of laboratory medicine, Lund University
| | - Mattias Aine
- Division of Oncology, Department of clinical sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Deborah F Nacer
- Division of Oncology, Department of clinical sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-22381, Lund, Sweden
- Division of translational cancer research, Department of laboratory medicine, Lund University
| | - Maria Planck
- Division of Oncology, Department of clinical sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-22381, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elsa Arbajian
- Division of Oncology, Department of clinical sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-22381, Lund, Sweden
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Adamson AW, Ding YC, Steele L, Leong LA, Morgan R, Wakabayashi MT, Han ES, Dellinger TH, Lin PS, Hakim AA, Wilczynski S, Warden CD, Tao S, Bedell V, Cristea MC, Neuhausen SL. Genomic Analyses of Germline and Somatic Variation in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2592107. [PMID: 36865331 PMCID: PMC9980206 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2592107/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Background High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSCs) display a high degree of complex genetic alterations. In this study, we identified germline and somatic genetic alterations in HGSC and their association with relapse-free and overall survival. Using a targeted capture of 577 genes involved in DNA damage response and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, we conducted next-generation sequencing of DNA from matched blood and tumor tissue from 71 HGSC participants. In addition, we performed the OncoScan assay on tumor DNA from 61 participants to examine somatic copy number alterations. Results Approximately one-third of tumors had loss-of-function germline (18/71, 25.4%) or somatic (7/71, 9.9%) variants in the DNA homologous recombination repair pathway genes BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, MRE11A, BLM , and PALB2 . Loss-of-function germline variants also were identified in other Fanconi anemia genes and in MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway genes. Most tumors harbored somatic TP53 variants (65/71, 91.5%). Using the OncoScan assay on tumor DNA from 61 participants, we identified focal homozygous deletions in BRCA1, BRCA2, MAP2K4, PTEN, RB1, SLX4, STK11, CREBBP , and NF1 . In total, 38% (27/71) of HGSC patients harbored pathogenic variants in DNA homologous recombination repair genes. For patients with multiple tissues from the primary debulking or from multiple surgeries, the somatic mutations were maintained with few newly acquired point mutations suggesting that tumor evolution was not through somatic mutations. There was a significant association of loss-of-function variants in homologous recombination repair pathway genes and high-amplitude somatic copy number alterations. Using GISTIC analysis, we identified NOTCH3, ZNF536 , and PIK3R2 in these regions that were significantly associated with an increase in cancer recurrence and a reduction in overall survival. Conclusions From 71 patients with HGCS, we performed targeted germline and tumor sequencing and provided a comprehensive analysis of these 577 genes. We identified germline and somatic genetic alterations including somatic copy number alterations and analyzed their associations with relapse-free and overall survival. This single-site long-term follow-up study provides additional information on genetic alterations related to occurrence and outcome of HGSC. Our findings suggest that targeted treatments based on both variant and SCNA profile potentially could improve relapse-free and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu Tao
- City Of Hope National Medical Center
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15
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Voutsadakis IA, Digklia A. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas without KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A and SMAD4 mutations and CDKN2A/CDKN2B copy number alterations: a review of the genomic landscape to unveil therapeutic avenues. Chin Clin Oncol 2023; 12:2. [PMID: 36922358 DOI: 10.21037/cco-22-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the cancers with the worst prognosis. The current treatment paradigm based on combination chemotherapy has improved survival over the last decade, but the disease is still fatal in most cases. New therapies exploiting the increasing understanding of the molecular pathology of the disease are needed. Although the disease presents with few recurrent molecular alterations, these represent opportunities for targeted treatments to be developed. However, a minority of cases are devoid of these common alterations. A description of the molecular landscape of this sub-set of pancreatic adenocarcinoma could uncover other molecular lesions present in them that could serve as therapeutic targets. METHODS The sub-set of pancreatic cancers without the common alterations in KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A and SMAD4 has been examined from published and publicly available pancreatic cancer cohorts for determination of their clinical and molecular characteristics. The cBioportal platform was used for this evaluation and the OncoKB knowledgebase was used for determination of the functional significance of discovered mutations. RESULTS About 5% to 10% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas present without the usual molecular alterations that characterize the disease. These cases tend to be genomically stable and have low prevalence of microsatellite or chromosome instability. Molecular alterations that are observed in pancreatic cancers in lower frequencies than the four most prevalent alterations, such as DNA Damage Response and epigenetic modifier mutations, are still observed in the sub-set without the common alterations and may be pathogenically relevant. CONCLUSIONS Despite the absence of most frequent pancreatic cancer alterations in a sub-set of pancreatic adenocarcinomas, this sub-set possesses other alterations in frequencies similar to the rest of pancreatic cancers. Putative targeting of alterations present is discussed and can serve as the basis for targeted therapies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada; Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonia Digklia
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausannne, Switzerland
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16
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Otsuji R, Fujioka Y, Hata N, Kuga D, Sangatsuda Y, Takigawa K, Funakoshi Y, Sako A, Yamamoto H, Nakamizo A, Mizoguchi M, Yoshimoto K. Liquid biopsy with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification targeting cell-free tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with adult diffuse glioma. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdac178. [PMID: 36875626 PMCID: PMC9977236 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copy number alterations (CNAs) are common in diffuse gliomas and have been shown to have diagnostic significance. While liquid biopsy for diffuse glioma has been widely investigated, techniques for detecting CNAs are currently limited to methods such as next-generation sequencing. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is an established method for copy number analysis in pre-specified loci. In this study, we investigated whether CNAs could be detected by MLPA using patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods Twenty-five cases of adult diffuse glioma with CNAs were selected. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was extracted from the CSF, and DNA sizes and concentrations were recorded. Twelve samples, which had appropriate DNA sizes and concentrations, were subsequently used for analysis. Results MLPA could be successfully performed in all 12 cases, and the detected CNAs were concordant with those detected using tumor tissues. Cases with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification, combination of gain of chromosome 7 and loss of chromosome 10, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha amplification, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 amplification, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) homozygous deletion were clearly distinguished from those with normal copy numbers. Moreover, EGFR variant III was accurately detected based on CNA. Conclusions Thus, our results demonstrate that copy number analysis can be successfully performed by MLPA of cfDNA extracted from the CSF of patients with diffuse glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Otsuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujioka
- Corresponding Author: Yutaka Fujioka, Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan ()
| | - Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuhei Sangatsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takigawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Funakoshi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Aki Sako
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamizo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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17
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Chulam TC, Bertonha FB, Villacis RAR, Filho JG, Kowalski LP, Rogatto SR. Epidemiological, Clinical, and Genomic Profile in Head and Neck Cancer Patients and Their Families. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36552033 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited cancer predisposition genes are described as risk factors in head and neck cancer (HNC) families. To explore the clinical and epidemiological data and their association with a family history of cancer, we recruited 74 patients and 164 relatives affected by cancer. The germline copy number alterations were evaluated in 18 patients using array comparative genomic hybridization. Two or more first-degree relatives with HNC, tobacco-associated tumor sites (lung, esophagus, and pancreas), or other related tumors (breast, colon, kidney, bladder, cervix, stomach carcinomas, and melanoma) were reported in 74 families. Ten index patients had no exposure to any known risk factors. Family members presented tumors of 19 topographies (30 head and neck, 26 breast, 21 colon). In first-degree relatives, siblings were frequently affected by cancer (n = 58, 13 had HNC). Breast cancer (n = 21), HNC (n = 19), and uterine carcinoma (n = 15) were commonly found in first-degree relatives and HNC in second-degree relatives (n = 11). Nineteen germline genomic imbalances were detected in 13 patients; three presented gains of WRD genes. The number of HNC patients, the degree of kinship, and the tumor types detected in each relative support the role of heredity in these families. Germline alterations may potentially contribute to cancer development.
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18
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Qian DC, Lefferts JA, Zaki BI, Brickley EB, Jackson CR, Andrici J, Sriharan A, Lisovsky M. Development and validation of a molecular tool to predict pathologic complete response in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2022; 35:doac035. [PMID: 35758407 PMCID: PMC10893915 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) confers significantly improved survival. The ability to infer pCR may spare esophagectomy in some patients. Currently, there are no validated biomarkers of pCR. This study sought to evaluate whether a distinct signature of DNA copy number alterations (CNA) can be predictive of pCR in EAC. Pretreatment biopsies from 38 patients with locally advanced EAC (19 with pCR and 19 with pathologic partial/poor response) were assessed for CNA using OncoScan assay. A novel technique was employed where within every cytogenetic band, the quantity of bases gained by each sample was computed as the sum of gained genomic segment lengths weighted by the surplus copy number of each segment. A threefold cross-validation was used to assess association with pCR or pathologic partial/poor response. Forty patients with locally advanced EAC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) constituted an independent validation cohort. Gains in the chromosomal loci 14q11 and 17p11 were preferentially associated with pCR. Average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting pCR was 0.80 among the threefold cross-validation test sets. Using 0.3 megabases as the cutoff that optimizes trade-off between sensitivity (63%) and specificity (89%) in the discovery cohort, similar prediction performance for clinical and radiographic response was demonstrated in the validation cohort from TCGA (sensitivity 61%, specificity 82%). Copy number gains in the 14q11 and 17p11 loci may be useful for prediction of pCR, and, potentially, personalization of esophagectomy in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel A Lefferts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Bassem I Zaki
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Brickley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Christopher R Jackson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Juliana Andrici
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Aravindhan Sriharan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Mikhail Lisovsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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19
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Rajab M, Bandargal S, Pusztaszeri MP, Forest VI, Alohali S, da Silva SD, Tamilia M, Payne RJ. Coexisting Molecular Alterations Increase the Risk of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules with Copy Number Alterations. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246149. [PMID: 36551633 PMCID: PMC9776079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mutations and alterations play a role in thyroid tumorigenesis. Different alterations are associated with different clinical and pathological characteristics. Copy number alterations (CNAs) are known to be present in some thyroid tumors; however, their idiosyncratic clinicopathological implications are not yet well elucidated. A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with CNAs on pre-operative molecular testing results who subsequently underwent surgical treatment between January 2016 and April 2022 at McGill University teaching hospitals. Of the 316 patients with thyroid nodules who opted for molecular testing with ThyroSeqV3 followed by surgery, 67 (21.2%) nodules were positive for CNAs, including 23 Bethesda III, 31 Bethesda IV, 12 Bethesda V and 1 Bethesda VI nodules. On surgical pathology, 29.9% were benign and 70.1% were malignant or non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP). Among those that were malignant/NIFTP, 17.02% were considered to be aggressive cancers. The presence of other molecular alterations was found to be an independent predictor of malignancy in multivariate analysis (OR = 5.087, 95% C.I. = 1.12-23.04, p = 0.035). No unique factor was correlated with aggressiveness; however, CNA-positive thyroid nodules that were associated with high-risk mutations such as BRAF V600E, TP53, NTRK1/3 fusion, or PTEN mutation with high allele frequency (AF) ended up being aggressive cancers. Most of the CNA-positive thyroid nodules resulted in follicular patterned tumors in 41 (65.2%) cases and oncocytic tumors in 20 (29.9%) cases. This study demonstrates that 70.1% of surgically resected thyroid nodules with CNAs were malignant/NIFTP. Most CNA-positive thyroid nodules were either oncocytic patterned tumors or follicular patterned tumors. Furthermore, CNA-positive thyroid nodules were more likely to be malignant if they were associated with other molecular alterations or mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad Rajab
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Departments of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 42523, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saruchi Bandargal
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 845 Rue Sherbrooke O, Montral, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Marc Philippe Pusztaszeri
- Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Véronique-Isabelle Forest
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sama Alohali
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Departments of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 42523, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Michael Tamilia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Richard J. Payne
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Departments of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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20
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Arora M, Ali MS, Pandey AK, Benjamin M, Palanichamy JK, Bakhshi S, Qamar I, Chopra A. Copy Number Alterations in CDKN2A/2B and MTAP Genes Are Associated With Low MEF2C Expression in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cureus 2022; 14:e32151. [PMID: 36601176 PMCID: PMC9806946 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular heterogeneity of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) makes this disease complex. Early T-cell precursor ALL (ETP-ALL) is a recognized subtype of T-ALL associated with a high probability of induction failure with conventional therapy. Higher expression of myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) and the absence of a biallelic deletion (ABD) are the designated markers for the ETP-ALL. Co-deletion of the contiguous genes cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/2B (CDKN2A/2B) and the methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) cluster, located at 9p21.3, is another common alteration in T-ALL and confers poor response to treatment. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to assess MEF2C mRNA expression and ABD status. Copy number alterations (CNAs) in key genes previously reported to be altered in T-ALL were assessed using multiple ligation probe amplification (MLPA). We observed that CNAs in this co-deletion cluster of CDKN2A/B and MTAP genes exhibited low MEF2C expression while ABD was associated with CNA in the Abelson murine leukemia 1 (ABL1) gene. Assessment of MEF2C expression based on immunophenotype revealed that its association with CDKN2A/2B alteration is present in non-immature immunophenotype. Additionally, ABD was associated with copy number alterations of T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (TAL1), myeloblastosis (MYB), and LIM domain only 2 (LMO2) genes in immature immunophenotypes. Further, STIL::TAL1 fusion was associated with low expression of MEF2C. These associations may help explain the difficulties in assessing disease heterogeneity and the prognostic importance of 9p21.3 alterations in T-ALL.
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21
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Miyaoka M, Kikuti YY, Carreras J, Ito A, Ikoma H, Tomita S, Kawada H, Roncador G, Bea S, Campo E, Nakamura N. Copy Number Alteration and Mutational Profile of High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 Rearrangements, Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with MYC-Rearrangement, and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with MYC-Cluster Amplification. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235849. [PMID: 36497332 PMCID: PMC9736204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with MYC alteration is classified as high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements (double/triple-hit lymphoma; DHL/THL), DLBCL with MYC rearrangement (single-hit lymphoma; SHL) and DLBCL with MYC-cluster amplification (MCAD). To elucidate the genetic features of DHL/THL, SHL, and MCAD, 23 lymphoma cases from Tokai University Hospital were analyzed. The series included 10 cases of DHL/THL, 10 cases of SHL and 3 cases of MCAD. The analysis used whole-genome copy number microarray analysis (OncoScan) and a custom-made next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel of 115 genes associated with aggressive B-cell lymphomas. The copy number alteration (CNA) profiles were similar between DHL/THL and SHL. MCAD had fewer CNAs than those of DHL/THL and SHL, except for +8q24. The NGS profile characterized DHL/THL with a higher "mutation burden" than SHL (17 vs. 10, p = 0.010), and the most relevant genes for DHL/THL were BCL2 and SOCS1, and for SHL was DTX1. MCAD was characterized by mutations of DDX3X, TCF3, HLA-A, and TP53, whereas MYC was unmutated. In conclusion, DHL/THL, SHL, and MCAD have different profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Miyaoka
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yara Yukie Kikuti
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-046-393-1121
| | - Atsushi Ito
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruka Ikoma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sakura Tomita
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawada
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Giovanna Roncador
- Monoclonal Antibodies Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Bea
- Hematopathology Section, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), University of Barcelona, C. de Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Hematopathology Section, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), University of Barcelona, C. de Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
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22
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Jin S, Huang D, Jin W, Wang Y, Shao H, Gong L, Luo Z, Yang Z, Luan J, Xie D, Ding C. Detection of DNA copy number alterations by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:1543-1550. [PMID: 35938948 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Copy number alterations (CNAs) are frequently found in malignant tissues. Different approaches have been used for CNA detection. However, it is not easy to detect a large panel of CNA targets in heterogenous tumors. METHODS We have developed a CNAs detection approach through quantitatively analyzed allelic imbalance by allelotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Furthermore, the copy number changes were quantified by real-competitive PCR (rcPCR) to distinguish loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and genomic amplification. The approach was used to validate the CNA regions detected by next generation sequencing (NGS) in early-stage lung carcinoma. RESULTS CNAs were detected in heterogeneous DNA samples where tumor DNA is present at only 10% through the SNP based allelotyping. In addition, two different types of CNAs (loss of heterozygosity and chromosome amplification) were able to be distinguished quantitatively by rcPCR. Validation on a total of 41 SNPs from the selected CNA regions showed that copy number changes did occur, and the tissues from early-stage lung carcinoma were distinguished from normal. CONCLUSIONS CNA detection by MALDI-TOF MS can be used for validating potentially interesting genomic regions identified from next generation sequencing, and for detecting CNAs in tumor tissues consisting of a mixture of neoplastic and normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Dan Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Weijiang Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yourong Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hengrong Shao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lisha Gong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhenni Luo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhengquan Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ju Luan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; and InnoMed Diagnostics Inc., Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Deyao Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chunming Ding
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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23
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Zhang S, Jin K, Li T, Zhou M, Yang W. Comprehensive analysis of INHBA: A biomarker for anti-TGFβ treatment in head and neck cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1317-1329. [PMID: 35521936 PMCID: PMC9442453 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221085203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibin subunit βA (INHBA) is a protein-coding gene belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, which is associated with the development of a variety of cancers. However, the role of INHBA in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) remains unclear. The expression profile and prognostic significance of INHBA in HNSC were assessed using a variety of informatics methods. The level of INHBA expression was significantly higher in patients with HNSC, and it was correlated with sex, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, histological grade, and human papillomavirus (HPV) status. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis indicated that poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were significantly associated with INHBA upregulation in HNSC. INHBA overexpression was validated as an independent poor prognostic factor by multivariate Cox regression, and including INHBA expression level in the prognostic model could increase prediction accuracy. In addition, copy number alterations (CNAs) of INHBA and miR-217-5p downregulation are potential mechanisms for elevated INHBA expression in HNSC. In conclusion, INHBA may represent a promising predictive biomarker and candidate target for anti-TGFβ therapy in HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of
Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Keyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of
Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianle Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of
Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Maolin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of
Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medical Affairs, West China Hospital of
Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China,Wenbin Yang.
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24
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Ogiri M, Seishima R, Nakamura K, Aimono E, Matsui S, Shigeta K, Chiyoda T, Tanishima S, Okabayashi K, Nishihara H, Kitagawa Y. Real-world application of next-generation sequencing-based test for surgically resectable colorectal cancer in clinical practice. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2701-2711. [PMID: 35818975 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the significance of next-generation sequencing-based gene panel testing in surgically resectable colorectal cancer by analyzing real-world data. Materials & methods: A total of 107 colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative surgery were included, and correlations between next-generation sequencing data and clinicopathological findings were evaluated. Results: More combination patterns in gene alteration were identified in advanced-stage tumors than in early-stage tumors. The copy number alteration count was significantly lower in right-sided colon tumors and early-stage tumors. Homologous recombination deficiency was more often identified in advanced-stage tumors, and high homologous recombination deficiency status was useful for identifying high-risk stage II tumors. Conclusion: Homologous recombination deficiency was identified as a useful result of gene panel testing with novel utility in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Ogiri
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Seishima
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakamura
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Aimono
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shimpei Matsui
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Shigeta
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Chiyoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tanishima
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Kansai Division, Mitsubishi Space Software Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Okabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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de Mestier L, Nicolle R, Poté N, Rebours V, Cauchy F, Hentic O, Maire F, Ronot M, Lebtahi R, Sauvanet A, Paradis V, Ruszniewski P, Couvelard A, Cros J. Molecular deciphering of primary liver neuroendocrine neoplasms confirms its distinct existence with foregut-like profile. J Pathol 2022; 258:58-68. [PMID: 35681273 DOI: 10.1002/path.5977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Isolated hepatic localizations of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are generally considered as metastatic NETs of unknown primary but could correspond to primary hepatic NETs (PHNETs), a poorly explored entity. We aimed to describe the clinicopathological and molecular features of PHNETs and compare them with other primary NETs. We assembled a retrospective cohort of patients managed for hepatic localization of NET without extra-hepatic primary tumor after exhaustive clinical, imaging and immunohistochemical characterization. We performed whole-exome sequencing with mutational and copy number analysis. Transcriptomic profiles were compared to pancreatic (n=31), small-bowel (n=22) and lung (n=15) NETs using principal component analysis, unsupervised clustering and gene-set enrichment analysis. Among 27 screened patients, 16 had PHNET (solitary tumor in 63%, median size 11 cm, G2 NETs in 81%) following clinical and pathological review. DNA analyses showed "foregut-like" genomic profiles with frequent alterations in pathways of Fanconi DNA repair (75%), histone modifiers (58%), adherens junctions (58%) and cell cycle control (50%). The most frequently involved genes were KMT2A (58%), ATM (42%), CDH1, CDKN2C, FANCF and MEN1 (33% each). Transcriptomic analyses showed that PHNETs clustered closer to foregut (pancreatic, lung) NETs than to midgut (small-bowel) NETs, while remaining a distinct entity with specific profile. Assessment of potentially predictive biomarkers suggested efficacy of treatments usually active in foregut NETs. In conclusion, PHNETs display a foregut-like molecular profile distinct from other types of NETs, with recurrent molecular alterations. Upon exhaustive work-up to exclude unrecognized primary tumor, PHNETs should not be considered metastatic NETs from an unknown primary. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis de Mestier
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research on Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Department of Pancreatology and Digestive Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital (APHP), Clichy, France
| | - Rémy Nicolle
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research on Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Poté
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research on Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Department of Pathology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon/Bichat Hospitals (APHP), Clichy/Paris, France
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research on Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Department of Pancreatology and Digestive Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital (APHP), Clichy, France
| | - François Cauchy
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research on Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital (APHP), Clichy, France
| | - Olivia Hentic
- Université de Paris, Department of Pancreatology and Digestive Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital (APHP), Clichy, France
| | - Frédérique Maire
- Université de Paris, Department of Pancreatology and Digestive Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital (APHP), Clichy, France
| | - Maxime Ronot
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research on Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Department of Radiology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital (APHP), Clichy, France
| | - Rachida Lebtahi
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research on Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Department of Nuclear Medicine, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital (APHP), Clichy, France
| | - Alain Sauvanet
- Université de Paris, Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital (APHP), Clichy, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Université de Paris, Department of Pancreatology and Digestive Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital (APHP), Clichy, France.,Université de Paris, Department of Pathology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon/Bichat Hospitals (APHP), Clichy/Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ruszniewski
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research on Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Department of Pancreatology and Digestive Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital (APHP), Clichy, France
| | - Anne Couvelard
- Université de Paris, Department of Pancreatology and Digestive Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital (APHP), Clichy, France.,Université de Paris, Department of Pathology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon/Bichat Hospitals (APHP), Clichy/Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Cros
- Université de Paris, Department of Pancreatology and Digestive Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital (APHP), Clichy, France.,Université de Paris, Department of Pathology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon/Bichat Hospitals (APHP), Clichy/Paris, France
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26
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Tsang JY, Shao Y, Poon IK, Ni YB, Kwan JS, Chow C, Shea KH, Tse GM. Analysis of recurrent molecular alterations in phyllodes tumour of breast: insights into prognosis and pathogenesis. Pathology 2022; 54:678-685. [PMID: 35691725 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phyllodes tumour (PT) of breast is a rare biphasic neoplasm. Recent next generation sequencing analyses had revealed novel genetic alterations in PT but lacked a further characterisation of their relationship to different PT features and outcome. Here, using targeted sequencing, we examined a panel of 90 recurrently altered or cancer related genes in 88 PT samples (including 49 benign, 25 borderline and 14 malignant PT). Twenty-three genes showed alterations in at least 8.0% of cases. Alterations were significantly higher with an increasing grade of PT (p=0.033), particularly for copy number alterations. The top ten alterations were TERT promoter (58.0%), MED12 (53.4%), RARA (22.8%), FLNA (19.3%), SETD2 (15.9%), SYNE1 (18.2%), PCLO (15.9%), KMT2D (14.3%), CDKN2A (15.9%) and DNAH11 (14.8%). Alterations in CDKN2A/B, EGFR, TP53, PIK3CA, PTEN and ARID1B (p≤0.039) were associated with a higher grade. Analysing alterations based on common pathways indicated a significant correlation of cell cycle pathway and epigenetic alterations with a higher PT grade (p=0.036 and 0.075 respectively). Interestingly, recurrences were not correlated with tumour grade, but related to the presence of RARA mutation (p=0.011) and the absence of alterations in epigenetic pathway (p=0.031). Analysis of synchronous pair of PT showed more differences in gene mutations with divergent MED12 mutation. By contrast, the recurrent samples showed similar genetic alterations as the primary tumours. In summary, we characterised genetic alterations in PTs of different grades and confirmed the recurrent alterations observed in earlier studies. In addition, current data implicated the roles of cell cycle, epigenetic and RARA changes in PT recurrence and tumourogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan K Poon
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Bi Ni
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Johnny S Kwan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chit Chow
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Ho Shea
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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Ju HY, Ho JY, Kang J, Hur SY, Kim S, Choi YJ, Han MR. Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Clinical Potential of Circulating Tumor DNA from Peritoneal Fluid and Plasma in Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2506. [PMID: 35626111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common type of gynecological cancer. Studies comparing tumor gDNA and ctDNA isolated from the plasma and peritoneal fluid of EC patients are limited. Whole-exome sequencing and P53 immunohistochemistry of 24 paired tissue, plasma, and peritoneal fluid samples from 10 EC patients were performed to analyze somatic mutations, copy number alterations, microsatellite instability, and mutational signatures. Mutations in cancer-related genes (KMT2C, NOTCH2, PRKAR1A, SDHA, and USP6) and genes related to EC (ARID1A, CTNNB1, PIK3CA, and PTEN) were identified with high frequencies among the three samples. TP53 and POLE mutations, which are highly related to the molecular classification of EC, were identified based on several key observations. The ctDNA of two patients with negative peritoneal fluid presented TP53 mutations concordant with those in tissues. ctDNA from the plasma and peritoneal fluid of a patient with positive cytology harbored both TP53 and POLE mutations, although none were detected in tissues. Additionally, the patient presented with wild type P53 immunohistochemistry, with a focal "high" expression in a "low" wild type background. The tissues and peritoneal fluid of 75% EC patients showed concordant microsatellite instability. Furthermore, we observed strong mutational concordance between the peritoneal fluid and tumors. Our data suggest that the ctDNA from peritoneal fluid might be a suitable biomarker for identifying the mutational landscape of EC and could complement tumor heterogeneity.
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Neron M, Guille A, Allegre L, Colombo PE, Leaha C, Adelaide J, Carbuccia N, Courtier F, Boissiere F, Crapez E, Fabbro M, Gouy S, Mamessier E, Lambaudie É, Birnbaum D, Bertucci F, Chaffanet M. Investigation of Molecular Features Involved in Clinical Responses and Survival in Advanced Endometrial Carcinoma Treated by Hormone Therapy. J Pers Med 2022; 12. [PMID: 35629078 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone therapy (HT) is an effective treatment for metastatic endometrial carcinoma (mEC), with limited toxicity and low cost. We focused on molecular analysis of mECs treated by HT and, for the first time to date, we compared the genomic profiles of paired metastasis and primary ECs. The main objective was to identify predictive factors of the response to HT as well as specific altered signaling pathways driving mEC biology. From 1052 patients with EC treated by HT in two French cancer centers, 32 with endometrioid EC and 6 with high grade serous EC were included. We evaluated hormone receptors (HR) and mismatch repair proteins expression by immunohistochemistry and gene alterations by targeted next-generation sequencing and array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Several variables were tested in univariate and multivariate analyses to identify potential associations with (i) the clinical benefit of HT (CBHT) and (ii) a longer response (>18 months) (LRHT) and overall survival (OS). We compared the biological and genomic profiles of 11 primary/metastatic EC pairs. Thirty tumors (78.9%) were HR-positive and 6 (15.8%) showed microsatellite instability (MSI). The genomic profiles of 34 tumors showed an average altered genome of 3.26%, DNA repair homologous recombination deficiency in five tumors (14.7%), and 17 regions significantly targeted by amplification/deletion. Thirty-three tumors had 273 variants (158 genes, median of 7 mutations/sample), including 112 driver mutations. TP53, PTEN, PPP2R1A, ARID1A, FGFR2, and PIK3CA were the most frequently mutated. Based on the genomic status, nine oncogenic pathways were altered in more than 25% of primary EC. Clinically, 22 (57.9%) and 6 (15.8%) patients presented CBHT and LRHT, respectively. Neither oncogenic pathways alterations nor the variables tested were associated with CBHT and LRHT. Only patient’s age, mitotic index and the presence of at least one HR were associated with OS. Paired analysis of the primary/metastatic samples showed that among the 22 mutations acquired in the metastatic counterparts, the most frequently targeted genes were involved in pathways that might confer a selective advantage to cancer metastasis including hormone resistance. In conclusion, only patient’s age, mitotic index and the presence of at least one HR were associated with OS. The identification of gene mutations newly acquired in metastasis might help to better understand the formation of EC metastasis and select the best actionable candidates for HT-treated patients at the metastatic stage.
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29
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Larios-Serrato V, Martínez-Ezquerro JD, Valdez-Salazar HA, Torres J, Camorlinga-Ponce M, Piña-Sánchez P, Ruiz-Tachiquín ME. Copy number alterations and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition genes in diffuse and intestinal gastric cancers in Mexican patients. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:191. [PMID: 35362543 PMCID: PMC8985205 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignancy with the highest mortality rate among diseases of the digestive system, worldwide. The present study of GC alterations is crucial to the understanding of tumor biology and the establishment of important aspects of cancer prognosis and treatment response. In the present study, DNA from Mexican patients with diffuse GC (DGC), intestinal GC (IGC) or non‑atrophic gastritis (NAG; control) was purified and whole‑genome analysis was performed with high‑density arrays. Shared and unique copy number alterations (CNA) were identified between the different tissues involving key genes and signaling pathways associated with cancer. This led to the molecular distinction and identification of the most relevant molecular functions to be identified. A more detailed bioinformatics analysis of epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes revealed that the altered network associated with chromosomal alterations included 11 genes that were shared between DGC, IGC and NAG, as well as 19 DGC‑ and 7 IGC‑exclusive genes. Furthermore, the main molecular functions included adhesion, angiogenesis, migration, metastasis, morphogenesis, proliferation and survival. The present study provided the first whole‑genome high‑density array analysis in Mexican patients with GC and revealed shared and exclusive CNA‑associated genes in DGC and IGC. In addition, a bioinformatics‑predicted network was generated, focusing on CNA‑altered genes associated with EMT and the hallmarks of cancer, as well as precancerous alterations that may lead to GC. Molecular signatures of diffuse and intestinal GC, predicted bioinformatically, involve common and distinct CNA‑EMT genes related to the hallmarks of cancer that are potential candidates for screening biomarkers of GC, including early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Larios-Serrato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Genomic Bioinformatics, National School of Biological Sciences (ENCB), National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Lázaro Cárdenas Professional Unit, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - José-Darío Martínez-Ezquerro
- Epidemiological and Health Services Research Unit, Aging Area (UIESSAE), XXI Century National Medical Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Hilda-Alicia Valdez-Salazar
- Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Medical Research Unit (UIMEIP), High Specialty Medical Unit (UMAE)‑Pediatrics Hospital 'Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund', XXI Century National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Javier Torres
- Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Medical Research Unit (UIMEIP), High Specialty Medical Unit (UMAE)‑Pediatrics Hospital 'Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund', XXI Century National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Margarita Camorlinga-Ponce
- Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Medical Research Unit (UIMEIP), High Specialty Medical Unit (UMAE)‑Pediatrics Hospital 'Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund', XXI Century National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Patricia Piña-Sánchez
- Oncological Diseases Medical Research Unit (UIMEO), UMAE‑Oncology Hospital, XXI Century National Medical Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Martha-Eugenia Ruiz-Tachiquín
- Oncological Diseases Medical Research Unit (UIMEO), UMAE‑Oncology Hospital, XXI Century National Medical Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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Jiang J, Yuan J, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Xu M, Long M, Fan Y, Tanyi JL, Montone KT, Tavana O, Vonderheide RH, Chan HM, Hu X, Zhang L. Systematic illumination of druggable genes in cancer genomes. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110400. [PMID: 35196490 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
By combining 6 druggable genome resources, we identify 6,083 genes as potential druggable genes (PDGs). We characterize their expression, recurrent genomic alterations, cancer dependencies, and therapeutic potentials by integrating genome, functionome, and druggome profiles across cancers. 81.5% of PDGs are reliably expressed in major adult cancers, 46.9% show selective expression patterns, and 39.1% exhibit at least one recurrent genomic alteration. We annotate a total of 784 PDGs as dependent genes for cancer cell growth. We further quantify 16 cancer-related features and estimate a PDG cancer drug target score (PCDT score). PDGs with higher PCDT scores are significantly enriched for genes encoding kinases and histone modification enzymes. Importantly, we find that a considerable portion of high PCDT score PDGs are understudied genes, providing unexplored opportunities for drug development in oncology. By integrating the druggable genome and the cancer genome, our study thus generates a comprehensive blueprint of potential druggable genes across cancers. Jiang et al. generate a comprehensive blueprint of potential druggable genes (PDGs) across cancers by a systematic integration of the druggable genome and the cancer genome. This resource is publicly available to the cancer research community in The Cancer Druggable Gene Atlas (TCDA) through the Functional Cancer Genome data portal.
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Sabatier R, Vicier C, Garnier S, Guille A, Carbuccia N, Isambert N, Dalenc F, Robert M, Levy C, Pakradouni J, Adelaïde J, Chaffanet M, Sfumato P, Mamessier E, Bertucci F, Goncalves A. Circulating tumor DNA predicts efficacy of a dual AKT/p70S6K inhibitor (LY2780301) plus paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer: plasma analysis of the TAKTIC phase IB/II study. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2057-2070. [PMID: 35122700 PMCID: PMC9120890 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is frequently activated in HER2-negative breast cancer and may play a role in taxane resistance. The phase IB/II TAKTIC trial (NCT01980277) has shown that combining a dual AKT and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) inhibitor (LY2780301) taken orally with weekly paclitaxel in HER2-negative advanced breast cancer is feasible, with preliminary evidence of efficacy. We wanted to explore whether circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may be a surrogate marker of treatment efficacy in this setting. Serial plasma samples were collected and cell-free DNA was sequenced using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, and analysis was completed with droplet digital PCR for some patients with driver mutations. Baseline tumor fraction (TF) and TF after 7 weeks on treatment were compared to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rate. We also explored circulating copy number alterations associated with treatment failure. Of the 51 patients enrolled in the TAKTIC trial, at least one plasma sample was available for 44 cases (96 time points). All patients with tumor TP53, PI3KCA or AKT1 mutations harbored at least one of these alterations in plasma. TF at inclusion was correlated to PFS (6m-PFS was 92% for ctDNAneg patients vs 68% for ctDNApos cases; HR=3.45, 95%CI [1.34-8.90], p=0.007). ctDNA status at week 7 was not correlated to prognosis. Even though most circulating copy number alterations were conserved at disease progression, some genomic regions of interest were altered in post-progression samples. In conclusions, ctDNA detection at baseline was associated with shorter PFS in patients included in the TAKTIC trial. Plasma-based copy number analysis may help to identify alterations involved in resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Sabatier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Medical Oncology, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Vicier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Medical Oncology, Marseille, France
| | - Séverine Garnier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Guille
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Carbuccia
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Isambert
- Drug Development Department, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Florence Dalenc
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, CRCT, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Robert
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest-René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Christelle Levy
- Centre François Baclesse, Department of Medical Oncology, Caen, France
| | - Jihane Pakradouni
- Depatment of Clinical Research and Innovation, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - José Adelaïde
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Marseille, France
| | - Max Chaffanet
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Sfumato
- Depatment of Clinical Research and Innovation, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Medical Oncology, Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Medical Oncology, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Goncalves
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Medical Oncology, Marseille, France
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32
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Shi R, Li X, Zhang J, Chen F, Ma M, Feng Y, Li T. Clinicopathological and genetic study of a rare occurrence: Malignant transformation of fibrous dysplasia of the jaws. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1861. [PMID: 34989160 PMCID: PMC8801143 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant transformation of fibrous dysplasia (FD) is very rare and little is known about this occurrence. METHODS We present the detailed clinical course of three cases of osteosarcoma arising from FD of the jaws and explore the genetic aberrations by Sanger sequencing, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). A literature review of important topics related to this occurrence was also performed. RESULTS It was observed that patients with secondary sarcoma from FD showed a wide range of ages, with most during the third decade. Female and males were equally affected. Craniofacial bones and femurs were the most affected sites. High-risk factors for this occurrence included polyostotic FD, McCune-Albright syndrome and excess growth hormone. Notably, a potential relationship between thyroid hormones and sarcoma development was suggested in one patient, who began to show malignant features after hypothyroidism correction. Sanger sequencing revealed GNAS mutations of FD retained in all malignant tissues. Additionally, abnormal TP53 was demonstrated in all three cases by WES and IHC. WES also revealed two other driver mutations, ROS1 and CHD8, and large amounts of somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) where various oncogenes and tumour suppressors are located. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated and reviewed the clinical features and risk factors for a rare occurrence, secondary sarcoma from FD, and provided important new knowledge about its genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Shi
- Central LaboratoryPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial RegionsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034)BeijingChina
| | - Xuefen Li
- Central LaboratoryPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial RegionsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034)BeijingChina
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial RegionsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034)BeijingChina
- Department of Oral PathologyPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central LaboratoryPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
| | - Ming Ma
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial RegionsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034)BeijingChina
- Department of Oral PathologyPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
| | - Yanrui Feng
- Central LaboratoryPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial RegionsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034)BeijingChina
- Department of Oral PathologyPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
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Nawrocka PM, Galka-Marciniak P, Urbanek-Trzeciak MO, M-Thirusenthilarasan I, Szostak N, Philips A, Susok L, Sand M, Kozlowski P. Profile of Basal Cell Carcinoma Mutations and Copy Number Alterations - Focus on Gene-Associated Noncoding Variants. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752579. [PMID: 34900699 PMCID: PMC8656283 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is the most common cancer in humans, characterized by the highest mutation rate among cancers, and is mostly driven by mutations in genes involved in the hedgehog pathway. To date, almost all BCC genetic studies have focused exclusively on protein-coding sequences; therefore, the impact of noncoding variants on the BCC genome is unrecognized. In this study, with the use of whole-exome sequencing of 27 tumor/normal pairs of BCC samples, we performed an analysis of somatic mutations in both protein-coding sequences and gene-associated noncoding regions, including 5'UTRs, 3'UTRs, and exon-adjacent intron sequences. Separately, in each region, we performed hotspot identification, mutation enrichment analysis, and cancer driver identification with OncodriveFML. Additionally, we performed a whole-genome copy number alteration analysis with GISTIC2. Of the >80,000 identified mutations, ~50% were localized in noncoding regions. The results of the analysis generally corroborated the previous findings regarding genes mutated in coding sequences, including PTCH1, TP53, and MYCN, but more importantly showed that mutations were also clustered in specific noncoding regions, including hotspots. Some of the genes specifically mutated in noncoding regions were identified as highly potent cancer drivers, of which BAD had a mutation hotspot in the 3'UTR, DHODH had a mutation hotspot in the Kozak sequence in the 5'UTR, and CHCHD2 frequently showed mutations in the 5'UTR. All of these genes are functionally implicated in cancer-related processes (e.g., apoptosis, mitochondrial metabolism, and de novo pyrimidine synthesis) or the pathogenesis of UV radiation-induced cancers. We also found that the identified BAD and CHCHD2 mutations frequently occur in melanoma but not in other cancers via The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis. Finally, we identified a frequent deletion of chr9q, encompassing PTCH1, and unreported frequent copy number gain of chr9p, encompassing the genes encoding the immune checkpoint ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. In conclusion, this study is the first systematic analysis of coding and noncoding mutations in BCC and provides a strong basis for further analyses of the variants in BCC and cancer in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Maria Nawrocka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Galka-Marciniak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Natalia Szostak
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Philips
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Laura Susok
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Sand
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Catholic Clinics of the Ruhr Peninsula, Essen, Germany Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Zavacka K, Plevova K. Chromothripsis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Driving Force of Genome Instability. Front Oncol 2021; 11:771664. [PMID: 34900721 PMCID: PMC8661134 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.771664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromothripsis represents a mechanism of massive chromosome shattering and reassembly leading to the formation of derivative chromosomes with abnormal functions and expression. It has been observed in many cancer types, importantly, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Due to the associated chromosomal rearrangements, it has a significant impact on the pathophysiology of the disease. Recent studies have suggested that chromothripsis may be more common than initially inferred, especially in CLL cases with adverse clinical outcome. Here, we review the main features of chromothripsis, the challenges of its assessment, and the potential benefit of its detection. We summarize recent findings of chromothripsis occurrence across hematological malignancies and address its causes and consequences in the context of CLL clinical features, as well as chromothripsis-related molecular abnormalities described in published CLL studies. Furthermore, we discuss the use of the current knowledge about genome functions associated with chromothripsis in the optimization of treatment strategies in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Zavacka
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno & Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Karla Plevova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno & Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University Hospital Brno & Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Vlachostergios PJ. Integrin signaling gene alterations and outcomes of cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:12386-12394. [PMID: 34956460 PMCID: PMC8661141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune evasion is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors. Several interactions between tumor and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment are effected through integrin signaling; however the latter has been underrecognized as a pathway that could have an impact on oncological outcomes after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study aimed to assess the clinical relevance of genomic alterations in the integrin signaling pathway in ICI-treated patients with advanced cancers. METHODS Next generation sequencing (NGS) data from tumor samples of patients with advanced cancers treated with ICIs (anti-PD-1/PD-L1, anti-CTLA4 or both) were queried from four independent publicly available cohorts for mutations and structural variations in 72 integrin signaling pathway genes (Gene Set: GOBP_CELL_ADHESION_MEDIATED_BY_INTEGRIN). The Kaplan Meier method was used to assess the association between mutated and unmutated genes with overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). All results were reported at the 0.05 significance level. RESULTS The largest cohort included 1662 patients (discovery set) and comprised 350 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 321 melanoma, 214 bladder, 151 renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 138 head neck (HN), 126 esophageal/gastric (EG), 117 glioma, 110 colorectal (CRC), 90 cancer of unknown primary (CUP), and 45 breast cancer patients. ICI treatments included PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors (n=1256), anti-CTLA4 inhibitors (n=146) or both (n=260). 170 patients (10% of the entire cohort) harbored mutations in PIK3CG (6%), RET (3%), SYK (1.4%), LYN (1.4%), PTPN11 (1.3%), and CRKL (0.1%) genes. Presence of these mutations was more frequent in melanoma (18%), followed by CRC (14.5%), CUP (11%), and NSCLC (11%). Patients with mutated tumors experienced a significantly longer median OS (41 months) compared to those without alterations (16 months, log-rank P<0.001). The favorable prognostic value of PIK3CG, RET, SYK, LYN, PTPN11, and CRKL alterations was confirmed in three melanoma cohorts (validation set, n=212, P=0.024). Assessment of mutation status of these genes in a fourth cohort of NSCLC patients (n=75) revealed a predictive significance as well, with regard to PFS after treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab combination (P=0.048). CONCLUSION Mutations and/or structural variations in integrin signaling genes may have prognostic and predictive value in patients with metastatic malignancies who receive ICIs. Although confirmation in larger studies with concurrent investigation of underlying immunologic mechanisms is needed, these findings pose therapeutic implications for co-targeted approaches to overcome immune evasion and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine New York 10021, NY, USA
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Giambra M, Messuti E, Di Cristofori A, Cavandoli C, Bruno R, Buonanno R, Marzorati M, Zambuto M, Rodriguez-Menendez V, Redaelli S, Giussani C, Bentivegna A. Characterizing the Genomic Profile in High-Grade Gliomas: From Tumor Core to Peritumoral Brain Zone, Passing through Glioma-Derived Tumorspheres. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:1157. [PMID: 34827152 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an extremely heterogeneous disease. Treatment failure and tumor recurrence primarily reflect the presence in the tumor core (TC) of the glioma stem cells (GSCs), and secondly the contribution, still to be defined, of the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ). Using the array-CGH platform, we deepened the genomic knowledge about the different components of GBM and we identified new specific biomarkers useful for new therapies. We firstly investigated the genomic profile of 20 TCs of GBM; then, for 14 cases and 7 cases, respectively, we compared these genomic profiles with those of the related GSC cultures and PBZ biopsies. The analysis on 20 TCs confirmed the intertumoral heterogeneity and a high percentage of copy number alterations (CNAs) in GBM canonical pathways. Comparing the genomic profiles of 14 TC-GSC pairs, we evidenced a robust similarity among the two samples of each patient. The shared imbalanced genes are related to the development and progression of cancer and in metabolic pathways, as shown by bioinformatic analysis using DAVID. Finally, the comparison between 7 TC-PBZ pairs leads to the identification of PBZ-unique alterations that require further investigation.
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Mickler EA, Zhou H, Phang TL, Geraci MW, Stearman RS, Sears CR. Low-Coverage Whole Genome Sequencing Using Laser Capture Microscopy with Combined Digital Droplet PCR: An Effective Tool to Study Copy Number and Kras Mutations in Early Lung Adenocarcinoma Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12034. [PMID: 34769463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining detailed genomic characterization of early tumor progression is critical to identifying key regulators and pathways in carcinogenesis as potentially druggable targets. In human lung cancer, work to characterize early cancer development has mainly focused on squamous cancer, as the earliest lesions are more proximal in the airways and often accessible by repeated bronchoscopy. Adenocarcinomas are typically located distally in the lung, limiting accessibility for biopsy of pre-malignant and early stages. Mouse lung cancer models recapitulate many human genomic features and provide a model for tumorigenesis with pre-malignant atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and in situ adenocarcinomas often developing contemporaneously within the same animal. Here, we combined tissue characterization and collection by laser capture microscopy (LCM) with digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) and low-coverage whole genome sequencing (LC-WGS). ddPCR can be used to identify specific missense mutations in Kras (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, here focused on Kras Q61) and estimate the percentage of mutation predominance. LC-WGS is a cost-effective method to infer localized copy number alterations (CNAs) across the genome using low-input DNA. Combining these methods, the histological stage of lung cancer can be correlated with appearance of Kras mutations and CNAs. The utility of this approach is adaptable to other mouse models of human cancer.
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Kim HAJ, Shaikh MH, Lee M, Zeng PYF, Sorgini A, Akintola T, Deng X, Jarycki L, Khan H, MacNeil D, Khan MI, Mendez A, Yoo J, Fung K, Lang P, Palma DA, Patel K, Mymryk JS, Barrett JW, Boutros PC, Morris LGT, Nichols AC. 3p Arm Loss and Survival in Head and Neck Cancer: An Analysis of TCGA Dataset. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5313. [PMID: 34771477 PMCID: PMC8582539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the 3p chromosome arm has previously been reported to be a biomarker of poorer outcome in both human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck cancer. However, the precise operational measurement of 3p arm loss is unclear and the mutational profile associated with the event has not been thoroughly characterized. We downloaded the clinical, single nucleotide variation (SNV), copy number aberration (CNA), RNA sequencing, and reverse phase protein assay (RPPA) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Cancer Proteome Atlas HNSCC cohorts. Survival data and hypoxia scores were downloaded from published studies. In addition, we report the inclusion of an independent Memorial Sloan Kettering cohort. We assessed the frequency of loci deletions across the 3p arm separately in HPV-positive and -negative disease. We found that deletions on chromosome 3p were almost exclusively an all or none event in the HPV-negative cohort; patients either had <1% or >97% of the arm deleted. 3p arm loss, defined as >97% deletion in HPV-positive patients and >50% in HPV-negative patients, had no impact on survival (p > 0.05). However, HPV-negative tumors with 3p arm loss presented at a higher N-category and overall stage and developed more distant metastases (p < 0.05). They were enriched for SNVs in TP53, and depleted for point mutations in CASP8, HRAS, HLA-A, HUWE1, HLA-B, and COL22A1 (false discovery rate, FDR < 0.05). 3p arm loss was associated with CNAs across the whole genome (FDR < 0.1), and pathway analysis revealed low lymphoid-non-lymphoid cell interactions and cytokine signaling (FDR < 0.1). In the tumor microenvironment, 3p arm lost tumors had low immune cell infiltration (FDR < 0.1) and elevated hypoxia (FDR < 0.1). 3p arm lost tumors had lower abundance of proteins phospho-HER3 and ANXA1, and higher abundance of miRNAs hsa-miR-548k and hsa-miR-421, which were all associated with survival. There were no molecular differences by 3p arm status in HPV-positive patients, at least at our statistical power level. 3p arm loss is largely an all or none phenomenon in HPV-negative disease and does not predict poorer survival from the time of diagnosis in TCGA cohort. However, it produces tumors with distinct molecular characteristics and may represent a clinically useful biomarker to guide treatment decisions for HPV-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Andrew Jinwook Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Mushfiq Hassan Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Mark Lee
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.L.); (L.G.T.M.)
| | - Peter Y. F. Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Alana Sorgini
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Temitope Akintola
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Laura Jarycki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Halema Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Danielle MacNeil
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - Mohammed Imran Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Adrian Mendez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - John Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - Pencilla Lang
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - David A. Palma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - Krupal Patel
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Joe S. Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada
| | - John W. Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Luc G. T. Morris
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.L.); (L.G.T.M.)
| | - Anthony C. Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
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Vergani E, Frigerio S, Dugo M, Devecchi A, Feltrin E, De Cecco L, Vallacchi V, Cossa M, Di Guardo L, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Ferrari A, Gallino G, Maurichi A, Rivoltini L, Sensi M, Rodolfo M. Genetic Variants and Somatic Alterations Associated with MITF-E318K Germline Mutation in Melanoma Patients. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1440. [PMID: 34573422 PMCID: PMC8469310 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The MITF-E318K variant has been implicated in genetic predisposition to cutaneous melanoma. We addressed the occurrence of MITF-E318K and its association with germline status of CDKN2A and MC1R genes in a hospital-based series of 248 melanoma patients including cohorts of multiple, familial, pediatric, sporadic and melanoma associated with other tumors. Seven MITF-E318K carriers were identified, spanning every group except the pediatric patients. Three carriers showed mutated CDKN2A, five displayed MC1R variants, while the sporadic carrier revealed no variants. Germline/tumor whole exome sequencing for this carrier revealed germline variants of unknown significance in ATM and FANCI genes and, in four BRAF-V600E metastases, somatic loss of the MITF wild-type allele, amplification of MITF-E318K and deletion of a 9p21.3 chromosomal region including CDKN2A and MTAP. In silico analysis of tumors from MITF-E318K melanoma carriers in the TCGA Pan-Cancer-Atlas dataset confirmed the association with BRAF mutation and 9p21.3 deletion revealing a common genetic pattern. MTAP was the gene deleted at homozygous level in the highest number of patients. These results support the utility of both germline and tumor genome analysis to define tumor groups providing enhanced information for clinical strategies and highlight the importance of melanoma prevention programs for MITF-E318K patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Vergani
- Unit of Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (S.F.); (V.V.); (L.R.)
| | - Simona Frigerio
- Unit of Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (S.F.); (V.V.); (L.R.)
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (A.D.); (L.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea Devecchi
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (A.D.); (L.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Erika Feltrin
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, Via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (A.D.); (L.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Viviana Vallacchi
- Unit of Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (S.F.); (V.V.); (L.R.)
| | - Mara Cossa
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lorenza Di Guardo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gianfrancesco Gallino
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Maurichi
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Unit of Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (S.F.); (V.V.); (L.R.)
| | - Marialuisa Sensi
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (A.D.); (L.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Monica Rodolfo
- Unit of Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (S.F.); (V.V.); (L.R.)
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Sivakumar S, San Lucas FA, Jakubek YA, Ozcan Z, Fowler J, Scheet P. Pan cancer patterns of allelic imbalance from chromosomal alterations in 33 tumor types. Genetics 2021; 217:1-12. [PMID: 33683368 PMCID: PMC8045738 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) serve as hallmarks of tumorigenesis and often result in deviations from one-to-one allelic ratios at heterozygous loci, leading to allelic imbalance (AI). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) reports SCNAs identified using a circular binary segmentation algorithm, providing segment mean copy number estimates from single-nucleotide polymorphism DNA microarray total intensities (log R ratio), but not allele-specific intensities ("B allele" frequencies) that inform of AI. Our approach provides more sensitive identification of SCNAs by modeling the "B allele" frequencies jointly, thereby bolstering the catalog of chromosomal alterations in this widely utilized resource. Here we present AI summaries for all 33 tumor sites in TCGA, including those induced by SCNAs and copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity (cnLOH). We identified AI in 94% of the tumors, higher than in previous reports. Recurrent events included deletions of 17p, 9q, 3p, amplifications of 8q, 1q, 7p, as well as mixed event types on 8p and 13q. We also observed both site-specific and pan-cancer (spanning 17p) cnLOH, patterns which have not been comprehensively characterized. The identification of such cnLOH events elucidates tumor suppressors and multi-hit pathways to carcinogenesis. We also contrast the landscapes inferred from AI- and total intensity-derived SCNAs and propose an automated procedure to improve and adjust SCNAs in TCGA for cases where high levels of aneuploidy obscured baseline intensity identification. Our findings support the exploration of additional methods for robust automated inference procedures and to aid empirical discoveries across TCGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruthy Sivakumar
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - F Anthony San Lucas
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yasminka A Jakubek
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zuhal Ozcan
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jerry Fowler
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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41
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Harbers L, Agostini F, Nicos M, Poddighe D, Bienko M, Crosetto N. Somatic Copy Number Alterations in Human Cancers: An Analysis of Publicly Available Data From The Cancer Genome Atlas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:700568. [PMID: 34395272 PMCID: PMC8355892 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.700568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) are a pervasive trait of human cancers that contributes to tumorigenesis by affecting the dosage of multiple genes at the same time. In the past decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) initiatives have generated and made publicly available SCNA genomic profiles from thousands of tumor samples across multiple cancer types. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of 853,218 SCNAs across 10,729 tumor samples belonging to 32 cancer types using TCGA data. We then discuss current models for how SCNAs likely arise during carcinogenesis and how genomic SCNA profiles can inform clinical practice. Lastly, we highlight open questions in the field of cancer-associated SCNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk Harbers
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bienko-Crosetto Lab, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Agostini
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bienko-Crosetto Lab, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcin Nicos
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dimitri Poddighe
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, University Medical Center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Magda Bienko
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bienko-Crosetto Lab, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola Crosetto
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bienko-Crosetto Lab, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li L, Chen C, Wang X. DITHER: an algorithm for Defining IntraTumor Heterogeneity based on EntRopy. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6294161. [PMID: 34096997 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is associated with tumor development, prognosis, immune evasion and therapeutic effects. We proposed the Defining ITH based on EntRopy (DITHER) algorithm for evaluating ITH. We first evaluated the entropies of somatic mutation profiles and copy number alteration (CNA) profiles in a tumor, respectively, and defined their average as the ITH level for the tumor. Using DITHER, we analyzed 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program. We demonstrated that the ITH defined by DITHER had the typical properties of ITH, namely its strong correlations with tumor progression, unfavorable phenotype, genomic instability and immune evasion. Compared with two other ITH evaluation methods: MATH and PhyloWGS, the DITHER ITH had more prominent characteristics of ITH. Moreover, different from MATH and PhyloWGS, DITHER scores were positively correlated with tumor purity, suggesting that DITHER tends to capture the ITH between tumor cells. Interestingly, microsatellite instability (MSI)-high tumors had significantly lower DITHER scores than microsatellite stability (MSS)/MSI-low tumors, although the former had significantly higher tumor mutation loads than the latter. It suggests that the hypermutability of MSI is homogeneous between different cellular populations in bulk tumors. The DITHER ITH may provide novel insights into tumor biology and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Canping Chen
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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43
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Lenaerts L, Che H, Brison N, Neofytou M, Jatsenko T, Lefrère H, Maggen C, Villela D, Verheecke M, Dehaspe L, Croitor A, Hatse S, Wildiers H, Neven P, Vandecaveye V, Floris G, Vermeesch JR, Amant F. Breast Cancer Detection and Treatment Monitoring Using a Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Platform: Utility in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Populations. Clin Chem 2021; 66:1414-1423. [PMID: 33141904 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous publications have reported the incidental detection of occult malignancies upon routine noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). However, these studies were not designed to evaluate the NIPT performance for cancer detection. METHODS We investigated the sensitivity of a genome-wide NIPT pipeline, called GIPSeq, for detecting cancer-specific copy number alterations (CNAs) in plasma tumor DNA (ctDNA) of patients with breast cancer. To assess whether a pregnancy itself, with fetal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the maternal circulation, might influence the detection of ctDNA, results were compared in pregnant (n = 25) and nonpregnant (n = 25) cancer patients. Furthermore, the ability of GIPSeq to monitor treatment response was assessed. RESULTS Overall GIPSeq sensitivity for detecting cancer-specific CNAs in plasma cfDNA was 26%. Fifteen percent of detected cases were asymptomatic at the time of blood sampling. GIPSeq sensitivity mainly depended on the tumor stage. Also, triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) were more frequently identified compared to hormone-positive or HER2-enriched tumors. This might be due to the presence of high-level gains and losses of cfDNA or high ctDNA loads in plasma of TNBC. Although higher GIPSeq sensitivity was noted in pregnant (36%) than in nonpregnant women (16%), the limited sample size prohibits a definite conclusion. Finally, GIPSeq profiling of cfDNA during therapy allowed monitoring of early treatment response. CONCLUSIONS The results underscore the potential of NIPT-based tests, analyzing CNAs in plasma cfDNA in a genome-wide and unbiased fashion for breast cancer detection, cancer subtyping and treatment monitoring in a pregnant and nonpregnant target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Lenaerts
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Huiwen Che
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Brison
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Neofytou
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Molecular and Computational Diagnostics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tatjana Jatsenko
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Lefrère
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Maggen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Darine Villela
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magali Verheecke
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, General Hospital Turnhout, Turnhout, Belgium
| | - Luc Dehaspe
- Genomics Core Facility, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anca Croitor
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Unit of Biomedical MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vandecaveye
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Unit of Translational MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Unit of Translational Cell & Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Robert Vermeesch
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Genomics Core Facility, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam-University of Amsterdam and The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Voutsadakis IA. Chromosome 20q11.21 Amplifications in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:487-496. [PMID: 33994370 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the most common gastrointestinal carcinoma in western countries. Prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer has improved in the last decades, but the disease continues to carry an adverse outcome in most cases. An improved understanding of molecular pathogenesis has provided incremental benefits in survival outcomes with the introduction of targeted therapies for specific sub-types and gives hope for further improvements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Publicly available data from genomic series of colorectal cancer published by the TCGA were analyzed with the aim of characterizing the sub-set of colorectal cancers carrying amplifications of chromosome 20q11.21, compared with cancers with no amplifications in this locus. Associations of 20q11.21-amplified cancers with other molecular lesions commonly observed in colorectal cancer were explored. mRNA expression of genes from the locus in amplified cases was analyzed. An exploratory survival analysis was also performed. RESULTS Amplifications of genes at chromosome arm 20q are observed in 7% to 9% of colorectal cancers, representing the most commonly amplified loci in this type of cancer. The 20q11.21 presents the highest amplification rate in the 20q arm. 20q11.21 amplified cancers display concomitant mutations in the KRAS pathway and SMAD4 less often than non-amplified cancers. Mutations in DNA repair genes are also less often encountered in 20q11.21 amplified colorectal cancers than non-amplified ones. CONCLUSION Amplification of genes at locus 20q11.21, representing the most frequently amplified locus in colorectal cancers, is associated with specific molecular characteristics and may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada; .,Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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45
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Gug G, Solovan C. From Benign Inflammatory Dermatosis to Cutaneous Lymphoma. DNA Copy Number Imbalances in Mycosis Fungoides versus Large Plaque Parapsoriasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:502. [PMID: 34063545 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Mycosis fungoides (MF) and large plaque parapsoriasis (LPP) evolution provide intriguing data and are the cause of numerous debates. The diagnosis of MF and LPP is associated with confusion and imprecise definition. Copy number alterations (CNAs) may play an essential role in the genesis of cancer out of genes expression dysregulation. Objectives: Due to the heterogeneity of MF and LPP and the scarcity of the cases, there are an exceedingly small number of studies that have identified molecular changes in these pathologies. We aim to identify and compare DNA copy number alterations and gene expression changes between MF and LPP to highlight the similarities and the differences between these pathologies. Materials and Methods: The patients were prospectively selected from University Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology Timișoara, Romania. From fresh frozen skin biopsies, we extracted DNA using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. The use of SNP array for copy number profiling is a promising approach for genome-wide analysis. Results: After reviewing each group, we observed that the histograms generated for chromosome 1–22 were remarkably similar and had a lot of CNAs in common, but also significant differences were seen. Conclusions: This study took a step forward in finding out the differences and similarities between MF and LPP, for a more specific and implicitly correct approach of the case. The similarity between these two pathologies in terms of CNAs is striking, emphasizing once again the difficulty of approaching and differentiating them.
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46
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Zhao Z, Wang Z, Bao ZS, Gao WZ, Zhang YD, Ruan CJ, Lv T, Wang Y, Sun LH. Mutation and Copy Number Alterations Analysis of KIF23 in Glioma. Front Genet 2021; 12:646929. [PMID: 34017355 PMCID: PMC8129563 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.646929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioma, kinesin family member 23 (KIF23) is up-regulated and plays a vital role in oncogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying KIF23 overexpression in malignant glioma remains to be elucidated. This study aims to find potential causes of KIF23 high expression at genome level. To clarify this issue, we obtained point mutation and copy number alterations (CNAs) of KIF23 in 319 gliomas using whole-exome sequencing. Only two glioma samples with missense mutations in KIF23 coding region were identified, while 7 patients were detected with amplification of KIF23. Additional analysis showed that KIF23 amplification was significantly associated with higher expression of KIF23. Gene ontology analysis indicated that higher copy number of KIF23 was associated TNF-α signaling pathway and mitotic cell circle checkpoint, which probably caused by subsequent upregulated expression of KIF23. Moreover, pan-cancer analysis showed that gaining of copy number was significantly associated with higher expression of KIF23, consolidating our findings in glioma. Thus, it was deduced that elevated KIF23 expression in glioma tended to be caused by DNA copy number amplification, instead of mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Da Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ci-Jie Ruan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hua Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Doerfler WR, Nikitski AV, Morariu EM, Ohori NP, Chiosea SI, Landau MS, Nikiforova MN, Nikiforov YE, Yip L, Manroa P. Molecular alterations in Hürthle cell nodules and preoperative cancer risk. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:301-309. [PMID: 33792557 DOI: 10.1530/erc-20-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is a distinct type of thyroid cancer genetically characterized by DNA copy number alterations (CNA), typically of genome haploidization type (GH-type). However, whether CNA also occurs in benign Hürthle cell adenomas (HCA) or Hürthle cell hyperplastic nodules (HCHN), and have diagnostic impact in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples, remains unknown. To address these questions, we (1) analyzed 26 HCC, 24 HCA, and 8 HCHN tissues for CNA and other mutations using ThyroSeq v3 (TSv3) next-generation sequencing panel, and (2) determined cancer rate in 111 FNA samples with CNA and known surgical outcome. We identified CNA, more often of the GH-type, in 81% of HCC and in 38% HCA, but not in HCHN. Among four HCC with distant metastasis, all had CNA and three TERT mutations. Overall, positive TSv3 results were obtained in 24 (92%) HCC, including all with ATA high risk of recurrence or metastasis. Among 111 FNA cases with CNA, 38 (34%) were malignant and 73 (66%) benign. A significant correlation between cancer rate and nodule size was observed, particularly among cases with GH-type CNA, where every additional centimeter of nodule size increased the malignancy odds by 1.9 (95% CI 1.3-2.7; P = 0.001). In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that CNA characteristic of HCC also occur in HCA, although with lower frequency, and probability of cancer in nodules with CNA increases with nodule size. Detection of CNA, in conjunction with other mutations and nodule size, is helpful in predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Doerfler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
| | | | - Elena M Morariu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
| | - N Paul Ohori
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
| | - Simion I Chiosea
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
| | - Michael S Landau
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
| | - Marina N Nikiforova
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
| | - Yuri E Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
| | - Linwah Yip
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
| | - Pooja Manroa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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48
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Chen CH, Lin YJ, Lin YY, Lin CH, Feng LY, Chang IYF, Wei KC, Huang CY. Glioblastoma Primary Cells Retain the Most Copy Number Alterations That Predict Poor Survival in Glioma Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621432. [PMID: 33981597 PMCID: PMC8108987 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are solid tumors that originate from glial cells in the brain or spine and account for 74.6% of malignant primary central nervous system tumors worldwide. As patient-derived primary cells are important tools for drug screening and new therapy development in glioma, we aim to understand the genomic similarity of the primary cells to their parental tumors by comparing their whole-genome copy number variations and expression profile of glioma clinicopathologic factors. We found that the primary cells from grade II/III gliomas lost most of the gene copy number alterations (CNAs), which were mainly located on chromosome 1p and 19q in their parental tumors. The glioblastoma (GBM) primary cells preserved 83.7% of the gene CNAs in the parental GBM tumors, including chromosome 7 gain and 10q loss. The CNA gains of LINC00226 and ADAM6 and the chromosome 16p11 loss were reconstituted in primary cells from both grade II/III gliomas and GBMs. Interestingly, we found these CNAs were correlated to overall survival (OS) in glioma patients using the Merged Cohort LGG and GBM dataset from cBioPortal. The gene CNAs preserved in glioma primary cells often predicted poor survival, whereas the gene CNAs lost in grade II/III primary cells were mainly associated to better prognosis in glioma patients. Glioma prognostic factors that predict better survival, such as IDH mutations and 1p/19q codeletion in grade II/III gliomas, were lost in their primary cells, whereas methylated MGMT promoters as well as TERT promoter mutations were preserved in GBM primary cells while lost in grade II/III primary cells. Our results suggest that GBM primary cells tend to preserve CNAs in their parental tumors, and these CNAs are correlated to poor OS and predict worse prognosis in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jui Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,The Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - You-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Feng
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ian Yi-Feng Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yin Huang
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Frigola J, Navarro A, Carbonell C, Callejo A, Iranzo P, Cedrés S, Martinez‐Marti A, Pardo N, Saoudi‐Gonzalez N, Martinez D, Jimenez J, Sansano I, Mancuso FM, Nuciforo P, Montuenga LM, Sánchez‐Cespedes M, Prat A, Vivancos A, Felip E, Amat R. Molecular profiling of long-term responders to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:887-900. [PMID: 33342055 PMCID: PMC8024716 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has transformed advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment strategies and has led to unprecedented long-lasting responses in some patients. However, the molecular determinants driving these long-term responses remain elusive. To address this issue, we performed an integrative analysis of genomic and transcriptomic features of long-term immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-associated responders. We assembled a cohort of 47 patients with NSCLC receiving ICIs that was enriched in long-term responders [>18 months of progression-free survival (PFS)]. We performed whole-exome sequencing from tumor samples, estimated the tumor mutational burden (TMB), and inferred the somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs). We also obtained gene transcription data for a subset of patients using Nanostring, which we used to assess the tumor immune infiltration status and PD-L1 expression. Our results indicate that there is an association between TMB and benefit to ICIs, which is driven by those patients with long-term response. Additionally, high SCNAs burden is associated with poor response and negatively correlates with the presence of several immune cell types (B cells, natural killers, regulatory T cells or effector CD8 T cells). Also, CD274 (PD-L1) expression is increased in patients with benefit, mainly in those with long-term response. In our cohort, combined assessment of TMB and SCNAs burden enabled identification of long-term responders (considering PFS and overall survival). Notably, the association between TMB, SCNAs burden, and PD-L1 expression with the outcomes of ICIs treatment was validated in two public datasets of ICI-treated patients with NSCLC. Thus, our data indicate that TMB is associated with long-term benefit following ICIs treatment in NSCLC and that TMB, SCNAs burden, and PD-L1 are complementary determinants of response to ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Frigola
- Thoracic Cancers Translational Genomics UnitHebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)Vall dBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alejandro Navarro
- Oncology DepartmentVall d’Hebron University Hospital & Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Caterina Carbonell
- Thoracic Cancers Translational Genomics UnitHebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)Vall dBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ana Callejo
- Oncology DepartmentVall d’Hebron University Hospital & Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Patricia Iranzo
- Oncology DepartmentVall d’Hebron University Hospital & Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Susana Cedrés
- Oncology DepartmentVall d’Hebron University Hospital & Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Alex Martinez‐Marti
- Oncology DepartmentVall d’Hebron University Hospital & Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Nuria Pardo
- Oncology DepartmentVall d’Hebron University Hospital & Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Nadia Saoudi‐Gonzalez
- Oncology DepartmentVall d’Hebron University Hospital & Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Debora Martinez
- Department of Medical OncologyHospital ClinicBarcelonaSpain
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid TumorsIDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jose Jimenez
- Molecular Oncology GroupVall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Irene Sansano
- Pathology UnitVall d’Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Francesco M. Mancuso
- Cancer Genomics LaboratoryVall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Paolo Nuciforo
- Molecular Oncology GroupVall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Luis M. Montuenga
- Program in Solid TumorsCenter for Applied Medical Research (CIMA)PamplonaSpain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and PhysiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
- Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Montse Sánchez‐Cespedes
- Cancer Genetics GroupJosep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC)Campus ICO‐Germans Trias i PujolBadalona, BarcelonaSpain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Department of Medical OncologyHospital ClinicBarcelonaSpain
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid TumorsIDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ana Vivancos
- Cancer Genomics LaboratoryVall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Thoracic Cancers Translational Genomics UnitHebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)Vall dBarcelonaSpain
- Oncology DepartmentVall d’Hebron University Hospital & Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Ramon Amat
- Thoracic Cancers Translational Genomics UnitHebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)Vall dBarcelonaSpain
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Dionellis VS, Norkin M, Karamichali A, Rossetti GG, Huelsken J, Ordonez-Moran P, Halazonetis TD. Genomic Instability Profiles at the Single Cell Level in Mouse Colorectal Cancers of Defined Genotypes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061267. [PMID: 33809306 PMCID: PMC7999300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomes of many human CRCs have been sequenced, revealing a large number of genetic alterations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of these alterations are still being debated. In this study, we examined colorectal tumours that developed in mice with Apclox/lox, LSL-KrasG12D, and Tp53lox/lox targetable alleles. Organoids were derived from single cells and the spectrum of mutations was determined by exome sequencing. The number of single nucleotide substitutions (SNSs) correlated with the age of the tumour, but was unaffected by the number of targeted cancer-driver genes. Thus, tumours that expressed mutant Apc, Kras, and Tp53 alleles had as many SNSs as tumours that expressed only mutant Apc. In contrast, the presence of large-scale (>10 Mb) copy number alterations (CNAs) correlated strongly with Tp53 inactivation. Comparison of the SNSs and CNAs present in organoids derived from the same tumour revealed intratumoural heterogeneity consistent with genomic lesions accumulating at significantly higher rates in tumour cells compared to normal cells. The rate of acquisition of SNSs increased from the early stages of cancer development, whereas large-scale CNAs accumulated later, after Tp53 inactivation. Thus, a significant fraction of the genomic instability present in cancer cells cannot be explained by aging processes occurring in normal cells before oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis S. Dionellis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (V.S.D.); (A.K.); (G.G.R.)
| | - Maxim Norkin
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Swiss Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), ISREC, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Angeliki Karamichali
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (V.S.D.); (A.K.); (G.G.R.)
| | - Giacomo G. Rossetti
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (V.S.D.); (A.K.); (G.G.R.)
| | - Joerg Huelsken
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Swiss Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), ISREC, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (P.O.-M.); (T.D.H.)
| | - Paloma Ordonez-Moran
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (P.O.-M.); (T.D.H.)
| | - Thanos D. Halazonetis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (V.S.D.); (A.K.); (G.G.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (P.O.-M.); (T.D.H.)
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