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Redaelli S, Grati FR, Tritto V, Giannuzzi G, Recalcati MP, Sala E, Villa N, Crosti F, Roversi G, Malvestiti F, Zanatta V, Repetti E, Rodeschini O, Valtorta C, Catusi I, Romitti L, Martinoli E, Conconi D, Dalprà L, Lavitrano M, Riva P, Bentivegna A. Olfactory receptor genes and chromosome 11 structural aberrations: Players or spectators? HGG Adv 2024; 5:100261. [PMID: 38160254 PMCID: PMC10820794 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The largest multi-gene family in metazoans is the family of olfactory receptor (OR) genes. Human ORs are organized in clusters over most chromosomes and seem to include >0.1% the human genome. Because 369 out of 856 OR genes are mapped on chromosome 11 (HSA11), we sought to determine whether they mediate structural rearrangements involving this chromosome. To this aim, we analyzed 220 specimens collected during diagnostic procedures involving structural rearrangements of chromosome 11. A total of 222 chromosomal abnormalities were included, consisting of inversions, deletions, translocations, duplications, and one insertion, detected by conventional chromosome analysis and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). We verified by bioinformatics and statistical approaches the occurrence of breakpoints in cytobands with or without OR genes. We found that OR genes are not involved in chromosome 11 reciprocal translocations, suggesting that different DNA motifs and mechanisms based on homology or non-homology recombination can cause chromosome 11 structural alterations. We also considered the proximity between the chromosomal territories of chromosome 11 and its partner chromosomes involved in the translocations by using the deposited Hi-C data concerning the possible occurrence of chromosome interactions. Interestingly, most of the breakpoints are located in regions highly involved in chromosome interactions. Further studies should be carried out to confirm the potential role of chromosome territories' proximity in promoting genome structural variation, so fundamental in our understanding of the molecular basis of medical genetics and evolutionary genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Redaelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Grati
- R&D, Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Medical Genetics Unit, Toma Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A. (ImpactLab), 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Viviana Tritto
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Elena Sala
- UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Villa
- UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Crosti
- UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Gaia Roversi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Malvestiti
- R&D, Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Medical Genetics Unit, Toma Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A. (ImpactLab), 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Valentina Zanatta
- R&D, Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Medical Genetics Unit, Toma Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A. (ImpactLab), 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Elena Repetti
- R&D, Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Medical Genetics Unit, Toma Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A. (ImpactLab), 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Ornella Rodeschini
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Chiara Valtorta
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Catusi
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Lorenza Romitti
- Pathology and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Martinoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Riva
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
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Giambra M, Di Cristofori A, Raimondo F, Rigolio R, Conconi D, Chiarello G, Tabano SM, Antolini L, Nicolini G, Bua M, Ferlito D, Carrabba G, Giussani CG, Lavitrano M, Bentivegna A. Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPase May Take Part in the Drug Resistance Phenotype of Glioma Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2743. [PMID: 38473989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) is a transmembrane multi-protein complex fundamental in maintaining a normal intracellular pH. In the tumoral contest, its role is crucial since the metabolism underlying carcinogenesis is mainly based on anaerobic glycolytic reactions. Moreover, neoplastic cells use the V-ATPase to extrude chemotherapy drugs into the extra-cellular compartment as a drug resistance mechanism. In glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant and incurable primary brain tumor, the expression of this pump is upregulated, making it a new possible therapeutic target. In this work, the bafilomycin A1-induced inhibition of V-ATPase in patient-derived glioma stem cell (GSC) lines was evaluated together with temozolomide, the first-line therapy against GBM. In contrast with previous published data, the proposed treatment did not overcome resistance to the standard therapy. In addition, our data showed that nanomolar dosages of bafilomycin A1 led to the blockage of the autophagy process and cellular necrosis, making the drug unusable in models which are more complex. Nevertheless, the increased expression of V-ATPase following bafilomycin A1 suggests a critical role of the proton pump in GBM stem components, encouraging the search for novel strategies to limit its activity in order to circumvent resistance to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Giambra
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cristofori
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Raimondo
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Rigolio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Gaia Chiarello
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Tabano
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, IRCCS Ca' Granda, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nicolini
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Miriam Bua
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Davide Ferlito
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carrabba
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Giorgio Giussani
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Villa N, Redaelli S, Farina S, Conconi D, Sala EM, Crosti F, Mariani S, Colombo CM, Dalprà L, Lavitrano M, Bentivegna A, Roversi G. Genomic Complexity and Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements in Genetic Diagnosis: Two Illustrative Cases on Chromosome 7. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1700. [PMID: 37761840 PMCID: PMC10530880 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex chromosomal rearrangements are rare events compatible with survival, consisting of an imbalance and/or position effect of one or more genes, that contribute to a range of clinical presentations. The investigation and diagnosis of these cases are often difficult. The interpretation of the pattern of pairing and segregation of these chromosomes during meiosis is important for the assessment of the risk and the type of imbalance in the offspring. Here, we investigated two unrelated pediatric carriers of complex rearrangements of chromosome 7. The first case was a 2-year-old girl with a severe phenotype. Conventional cytogenetics evidenced a duplication of part of the short arm of chromosome 7. By array-CGH analysis, we found a complex rearrangement with three discontinuous trisomy regions (7p22.1p21.3, 7p21.3, and 7p21.3p15.3). The second case was a newborn investigated for hypodevelopment and dimorphisms. The karyotype analysis promptly revealed a structurally altered chromosome 7. The array-CGH analysis identified an even more complex rearrangement consisting of a trisomic region at 7q11.23q22 and a tetrasomic region of 4.5 Mb spanning 7q21.3 to q22.1. The mother's karyotype examination revealed a complex rearrangement of chromosome 7: the 7q11.23q22 region was inserted in the short arm at 7p15.3. Finally, array-CGH analysis showed a trisomic region that corresponds to the tetrasomic region of the son. Our work proved that the integration of several technical solutions is often required to appropriately analyze complex chromosomal rearrangements in order to understand their implications and offer appropriate genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Villa
- UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy (G.R.)
| | - Serena Redaelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Stefania Farina
- UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy (G.R.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Sala
- UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy (G.R.)
| | - Francesca Crosti
- UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy (G.R.)
| | - Silvana Mariani
- Department of Obstetrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Carla Maria Colombo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy (G.R.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Gaia Roversi
- UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy (G.R.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Ardizzoia A, Jemma A, Redaelli S, Silva M, Bentivegna A, Lavitrano M, Conconi D. AhRR and PPP1R3C: Potential Prognostic Biomarkers for Serous Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11455. [PMID: 37511212 PMCID: PMC10380391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective screening and successful treatment contributes to high ovarian cancer mortality, making it the second most common cause of gynecologic cancer death. Development of chemoresistance in up to 75% of patients is the cause of a poor treatment response and reduced survival. Therefore, identifying potential and effective biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis is a strong critical need. Copy number alterations are frequent in cancer, and relevant for molecular tumor stratification and patients' prognoses. In this study, array-CGH analysis was performed in three cell lines and derived cancer stem cells (CSCs) to identify genes potentially predictive for ovarian cancer patients' prognoses. Bioinformatic analyses of genes involved in copy number gains revealed that AhRR and PPP1R3C expression negatively correlated with ovarian cancer patients' overall and progression-free survival. These results, together with a significant association between AhRR and PPP1R3C expression and ovarian cancer stemness markers, suggested their potential role in CSCs. Furthermore, AhRR and PPP1R3C's increased expression was maintained in some CSC subpopulations, reinforcing their potential role in ovarian cancer. In conclusion, we reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a prognostic role of AhRR and PPP1R3C expression in serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.A.); (A.J.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (M.L.)
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5
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Giambra M, Di Cristofori A, Valtorta S, Manfrellotti R, Bigiogera V, Basso G, Moresco RM, Giussani C, Bentivegna A. The peritumoral brain zone in glioblastoma: where we are and where we are going. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:199-216. [PMID: 36300592 PMCID: PMC10091804 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and invasive primary brain tumor. Current therapies are not curative, and patients' outcomes remain poor with an overall survival of 20.9 months after surgery. The typical growing pattern of GBM develops by infiltrating the surrounding apparent normal brain tissue within which the recurrence is expected to appear in the majority of cases. Thus, in the last decades, an increased interest has developed to investigate the cellular and molecular interactions between GBM and the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ) bordering the tumor tissue. The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date knowledge about the oncogenic properties of the PBZ to highlight possible druggable targets for more effective treatment of GBM by limiting the formation of recurrence, which is almost inevitable in the majority of patients. Starting from the description of the cellular components, passing through the illustration of the molecular profiles, we finally focused on more clinical aspects, represented by imaging and radiological details. The complete picture that emerges from this review could provide new input for future investigations aimed at identifying new effective strategies to eradicate this still incurable tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Giambra
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cristofori
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Division of Neurosurgery, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale - Monza, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy.,NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Manfrellotti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Division of Neurosurgery, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale - Monza, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bigiogera
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Basso
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Carlo Giussani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Division of Neurosurgery, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale - Monza, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Conconi D, Jemma A, Giambra M, Redaelli S, Croci GA, Dalprà L, Lavitrano M, Bentivegna A. Analysis of copy number alterations in bladder cancer stem cells revealed a prognostic role of LRP1B. World J Urol 2022; 40:2267-2273. [PMID: 35841413 PMCID: PMC9287687 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-04093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. It represents a spectrum of diseases, from recurrent non-invasive tumors (NMIBCs) managed chronically, to muscle infiltrating and advanced-stage disease (MIBC) that requires multimodal and invasive treatment. Multiple studies have underlined the complexity of bladder tumors genome, highlighting many specific genetic lesions and genome-wide occurrences of copy-number alterations (CNAs). In this study, we analyzed CNAs of selected genes in our cohorts of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BLCA) cohort with the aim to correlate their frequency with patients’ prognosis. Methods CNAs have been verified on our array-CGH data previously reported on 19 bladder cancer biopsies (10 NMIBCs and 9 MIBCs) and 16 matched isolated CSC cultures. In addition, CNAs data have been consulted on the TCGA database, to search correlations with patients’ follow-up. Finally, mRNA expression levels of LRP1B in TGCA cohort were obtained from The Human Protein Atlas. Results We firstly identified CNAs differentially represented between TGCA data and CSCs derived from NMIBCs and MIBCs, and we correlated the presence of these CNAs with patients’ follow-up. LRP1B loss was significantly increased in CSCs and linked to short-term poor prognosis, both at genomic and transcriptomic level, confirming its pivotal role in bladder cancer tumorigenesis. Conclusion Our study allowed us to identify potential "predictive" prognostic CNAs for bladder cancer, implementing knowledge for the ultimate goal of personalized medicine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00345-022-04093-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy.
| | - Andrea Jemma
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Martina Giambra
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy.,PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Serena Redaelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Giorgio Alberto Croci
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy.
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Redaelli S, Conconi D, Sala E, Villa N, Crosti F, Roversi G, Catusi I, Valtorta C, Recalcati MP, Dalprà L, Lavitrano M, Bentivegna A. Characterization of Chromosomal Breakpoints in 12 Cases with 8p Rearrangements Defines a Continuum of Fragility of the Region. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063347. [PMID: 35328767 PMCID: PMC8954119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization technology have allowed for high-resolution detection of genome wide copy number alterations, leading to a better definition of rearrangements and supporting the study of pathogenesis mechanisms. In this study, we focused our attention on chromosome 8p. We report 12 cases of 8p rearrangements, analyzed by molecular karyotype, evidencing a continuum of fragility that involves the entire short arm. The breakpoints seem more concentrated in three intervals: one at the telomeric end, the others at 8p23.1, close to the beta-defensin gene cluster and olfactory receptor low-copy repeats. Hypothetical mechanisms for all cases are described. Our data extend the cohort of published patients with 8p aberrations and highlight the need to pay special attention to these sequences due to the risk of formation of new chromosomal aberrations with pathological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Redaelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Elena Sala
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Nicoletta Villa
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Crosti
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Gaia Roversi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Ilaria Catusi
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (I.C.); (C.V.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Chiara Valtorta
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (I.C.); (C.V.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (I.C.); (C.V.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Leda Dalprà
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.B.)
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8
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Malacrida A, Di Domizio A, Bentivegna A, Cislaghi G, Messuti E, Tabano SM, Giussani C, Zuliani V, Rivara M, Nicolini G. MV1035 Overcomes Temozolomide Resistance in Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Stem Cell Lines. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:70. [PMID: 35053068 PMCID: PMC8772739 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM, grade IV glioma) represents the most aggressive brain tumor and patients with GBM have a poor prognosis. Until now surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) treatment represents the standard strategy for GBM. We showed that the imidazobenzoxazin-5-thione MV1035 is able to significantly reduce GBM U87-MG cells migration and invasiveness through inhibition of the RNA demethylase ALKBH5. In this work, we focus on the DNA repair protein ALKBH2, a further MV1035 target resulting from SPILLO-PBSS proteome-wide scale in silico analysis. Our data demonstrate that MV1035 inhibits the activity of ALKBH2, known to be involved in GBM TMZ resistance. MV1035 was used on both U87-MG and two patient-derived (PD) glioma stem cells (GSCs): in combination with TMZ, it has a significant synergistic effect in reducing cell viability and sphere formation. Moreover, MV1035 induces a reduction in MGMT expression in PD-GSCs cell lines most likely through a mechanism that acts on MGMT promoter methylation. Taken together our data show that MV1035 could act as an inhibitor potentially helpful to overcome TMZ resistance and able to reduce GBM migration and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Malacrida
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (C.G.); (G.N.)
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (C.G.); (G.N.)
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cislaghi
- SPILLOproject, Via Stradivari 17, 20037 Paderno Dugnano, Italy; (A.D.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Eleonora Messuti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (C.G.); (G.N.)
| | - Silvia Maria Tabano
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Giussani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (C.G.); (G.N.)
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Zuliani
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Mirko Rivara
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Nicolini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (C.G.); (G.N.)
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
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9
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Javed Z, Khan K, Raza Q, Sadia H, Ahmad Shah F, Ahmad T, Bentivegna A, Bazzoni R, Setzer WN, Alshehri MM, Sharifi-Rad J, Daştan SD. Notch Signaling and MicroRNA: The Dynamic Duo Steering Between Neurogenesis and Glioblastomas. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2021; 67:33-43. [PMID: 34817376 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionary conserved pathway that plays a central role in development and differentiation of eukaryotic cells. It has been well documented that Notch signaling is inevitable for neuronal cell growth and homeostasis. It regulates process of differentiation from early embryonic stages to fully developed brain. To achieve this streamlined development of neuronal cells, a number of cellular processes are being orchestrated by the Notch signaling. Abrogated Notch signaling is related to several brain tumors, including glioblastomas. On the other hand, microRNAs are small molecules that play decisive role in mediating and modulating Notch signaling. This review discusses the crucial role of Notch signaling in development of nervous system and how this versatile pathway interplay with microRNAs in glioblastoma. This review sheds light on interplay between abrogated Notch signaling and miRNAs in the regulation of neuronal differentiation with special focus on miRNAs mediated regulation of tumorigenesis in glioblastoma. Furthermore, it discusses different aspects of neurogenesis modulated by the Notch signaling that could be exploited for the identification of new diagnostic tools and therapies for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Javed
- Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization Department, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Qamar Raza
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Haleema Sadia
- Department of biotechnology BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan.
| | - Faiez Ahmad Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Touqeer Ahmad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca Via Cadore, 48 - 20900 Monza (MB) Italy.
| | - Riccardo Bazzoni
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Pz.leScuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Mohammed M Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
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10
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Caggegi AM, Capranzano P, Scandura S, Mangiafico S, Castania G, Salerno T, Milici A, De Sanctis J, Bentivegna A, Frazzetto M, Sardone A, Di Salvo ME, Grasso C, Capodanno D, Tamburino C. Residual mitral regurgitation impact on outcomes after mitraclip therapy: five-year follow-up from the GRASP registry. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background – Although percutaneous mitral valve repair is an attractive alternative treatment option for patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) at high surgical risk, residual MR is commonly observed after the procedure and little is known about its impact on outcomes after MitraClip therapy, expecially in patients with severe left ventricular (LV) impairment.
Purpose – The aim of this prospective, observational study was to evaluate the impact of residual MR (MR ≤1+ vs. MR >1+) on long-term outcomes of mitral valve repair with the MitraClip System in high surgical risk patients presenting with moderate-to-severe or severe MR and with severe reduction of LV ejection fraction (EF).
Methods – Patients enrolled in the prospective Getting Reduction of Mitral Insufficiency by Percutaneous Clip Implantation (GRASP) with functional MR and EF ≤30% who were eligible at almost five-year follow-up were included in the present analysis. The primary endpoint was death at 5-year follow-up. Also echocardiographic parameters at baseline and 5-year follow-up and rehospitalization rates were assessed.
Results – A total of 139 patients were included: 92 (66.2%) with post-procedural residual MR ≤1+ and 47 (33.8%) with residual MR > 1+ (41 patients with residual MR 2+, 5 with residual MR 3+, 1 with residual MR 4+). Comparable clinical and echocardiographic baseline characteristics were observed between the two groups except for NYHA functional class IV and implanted pace-maker (more frequent in patients with residual MR >1+) and previous myocardial infarction (more frequent in patients with residual MR ≤1+). At 5-year follow-up, no significant differences were reported in the primary endpoint (49.6% in patients with residual MR ≤ 1+ vs. 65.3% in patients with residual MR > 1+, p 0.203) and in cardiac death (37.8% in patients with residual MR ≤ 1+ vs. 42.6% in patients with residual MR > 1+, p 0.921). Cox regression analysis identified residual MR > 1+ as an independent predictor of re-hospitalization (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.92, p =0.026). At 5-year follow-up, a significant reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume was observed in patients with residual MR ≤ 1+.
Conclusions – At 5-year follow no significant differences in survival emerged in patients with severe LV dysfunction undergoing MitraClip therapy regardless residual MR. Nevertheless residual MR > 1+ emerged as an indipendent predictor of re-hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- AM Caggegi
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P Capranzano
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S Scandura
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S Mangiafico
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Castania
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - T Salerno
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Milici
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - J De Sanctis
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Bentivegna
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Frazzetto
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Sardone
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - ME Di Salvo
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C Grasso
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - D Capodanno
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C Tamburino
- University Policlinic of Catania, Catania, Italy
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11
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Conconi D, Redaelli S, Lissoni AA, Cilibrasi C, Perego P, Gautiero E, Sala E, Paderno M, Dalprà L, Landoni F, Lavitrano M, Roversi G, Bentivegna A. Genomic and Epigenomic Profile of Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors of Uncertain Malignant Potential (STUMPs) Revealed Similarities and Differences with Leiomyomas and Leiomyosarcomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041580. [PMID: 33557274 PMCID: PMC7914585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMPs) represent a heterogeneous group of tumors that cannot be histologically diagnosed as unequivocally benign or malignant. For this reason, many authors are working to obtain a better definition of diagnostic and prognostic criteria. In this work, we analyzed the genomic and epigenomic profile of uterine smooth muscle tumors (USMTs) in order to find similarities and differences between STUMPs, leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) and leiomyomas (LMs), and possibly identify prognostic factors in this group of tumors. Array-CGH data on 23 USMTs demonstrated the presence of a more similar genomic profile between STUMPs and LMSs. Some genes, such as PRKDC and PUM2, with a potential prognostic value, were never previously associated with STUMP. The methylation data appears to be very promising, especially with regards to the divergent profile found in the sample that relapsed, characterized by an overall CGI hypomethylation. Finally, the Gene Ontology analysis highlighted some cancer genes that could play a pivotal role in the unexpected aggressive behavior that can be found in some of these tumors. These genes could prove to be prognostic markers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (A.A.L.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.L.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-0264488133 (A.B.)
| | - Serena Redaelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (A.A.L.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.L.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Andrea Alberto Lissoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (A.A.L.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.L.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Cilibrasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK;
| | - Patrizia Perego
- Division of Pathology, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Gautiero
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Sala
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Mariachiara Paderno
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (A.A.L.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.L.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (A.A.L.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.L.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Fabio Landoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (A.A.L.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.L.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (A.A.L.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.L.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Gaia Roversi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (A.A.L.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.L.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (A.A.L.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.L.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-0264488133 (A.B.)
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12
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Redaelli S, Conconi D, Villa N, Sala E, Crosti F, Corti C, Catusi I, Garzo M, Romitti L, Martinoli E, Patrizi A, Malgara R, Recalcati MP, Dalprà L, Lavitrano M, Riva P, Roversi G, Bentivegna A. Instability of Short Arm of Acrocentric Chromosomes: Lesson from Non-Acrocentric Satellited Chromosomes. Report of 24 Unrelated Cases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103431. [PMID: 32413994 PMCID: PMC7279238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellited non-acrocentric autosomal chromosomes (ps–qs-chromosomes) are the result of an interchange between sub- or telomeric regions of autosomes and the p arm of acrocentrics. The sequence homology at the rearrangement breakpoints appears to be, among others, the most frequent mechanism generating these variant chromosomes. The unbalanced carriers of this type of translocation may or may not display phenotypic abnormalities. With the aim to understand the causative mechanism, we revised all the ps–qs-chromosomes identified in five medical genetics laboratories, which used the same procedures for karyotype analysis, reporting 24 unrelated cases involving eight chromosomes. In conclusion, we observed three different scenarios: true translocation, benign variant and complex rearrangement. The detection of translocation partners is essential to evaluate possible euchromatic unbalances and to infer their effect on phenotype. Moreover, we emphasize the importance to perform both, molecular and conventional cytogenetics methods, to better understand the behavior of our genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Redaelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (D.C.); (L.D.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (D.C.); (L.D.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Nicoletta Villa
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.V.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Elena Sala
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.V.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Crosti
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.V.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Cecilia Corti
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (C.C.); (I.C.); (M.G.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Ilaria Catusi
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (C.C.); (I.C.); (M.G.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Maria Garzo
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (C.C.); (I.C.); (M.G.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Lorenza Romitti
- Pathology and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Martinoli
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine Department, University of Milan, 20090 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Antonella Patrizi
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberta Malgara
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (C.C.); (I.C.); (M.G.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Leda Dalprà
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (D.C.); (L.D.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.V.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (D.C.); (L.D.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Paola Riva
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine Department, University of Milan, 20090 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Gaia Roversi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (D.C.); (L.D.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (D.C.); (L.D.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0264488133
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13
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Ciaccio C, Redaelli S, Bentivegna A, Marelli S, Crosti F, Sala EM, Cavallari U. Unbalanced X;Autosome Translocations May Lead to Mild Phenotypes and Are Associated with Autoimmune Diseases. Cytogenet Genome Res 2020; 160:80-84. [PMID: 32018271 DOI: 10.1159/000506097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unbalanced X;autosome translocations are a rare occurrence with a wide variability in clinical presentation in which the X chromosome unbalance is usually mitigated by a favorable X inactivation pattern. In most cases, this compensation mechanism is incomplete, and the patients show a syndromic clinical presentation. We report the case of a family with 4 women, of 3 different generations, carrying an unbalanced X;7 translocation with a derivative X;7 chromosome and showing a skewed X inactivation pattern with a preferential activation of the normal X. None of the carriers show intellectual disability, and all of them have a very mild clinical presentation mainly characterized by gynecological/hormonal issues and autoimmune disorders. We underline the necessity of family testing for a correct genetic consultation, especially in the field of prenatal diagnosis. We indeed discuss the fact that X;autosome translocations may lead to self-immunization, as skewed X chromosome inactivation has already been proved to be related to autoimmune disorders.
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14
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Cilibrasi C, Guzzi A, Bazzoni R, Riva G, Cadamuro M, Hochegger H, Bentivegna A. A Ploidy Increase Promotes Sensitivity of Glioma Stem Cells to Aurora Kinases Inhibition. J Oncol 2019; 2019:9014045. [PMID: 31531022 PMCID: PMC6720056 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9014045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells account for glioblastoma relapse and resistance to conventional therapies, and protein kinases, involved in the regulation of the mitotic machinery (i.e., Aurora kinases), have recently emerged as attractive therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the effect of Aurora kinases inhibition in five glioma stem cell lines isolated from glioblastoma patients. As expected, cell lines responded to the loss of Aurora kinases with cytokinesis failure and mitotic exit without cell division. Surprisingly, this resulted in a proliferative arrest in only two of the five cell lines. These sensitive cell lines entered a senescent/autophagic state following aberrant mitotic exit, while the non-sensitive cell lines continued to proliferate. This senescence response did not correlate with TP53 mutation status but only occurred in the cell lines with the highest chromosome content. Repeated rounds of Aurora kinases inhibition caused a gradual increase in chromosome content in the resistant cell lines and eventually caused a similar senescence response and proliferative arrest. Our results suggest that a ploidy threshold is the main determinant of Aurora kinases sensitivity in TP53 mutant glioma stem cells. Thus, ploidy could be used as a biomarker for treating glioma patients with Aurora kinases inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cilibrasi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Center of Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Andrèe Guzzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bazzoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Center of Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Center of Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Massimiliano Cadamuro
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- International Center for Digestive Health (ICDH), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Center of Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
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15
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Bazzoni R, Bentivegna A. Role of Notch Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030292. [PMID: 30832246 PMCID: PMC6468848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that regulates important biological processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, self-renewal, and differentiation. In mammals, Notch signaling is composed of four receptors (Notch1–4) and five ligands (Dll1-3–4, Jagged1–2) that mainly contribute to the development and maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS). Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the starting point for neurogenesis and other neurological functions, representing an essential aspect for the homeostasis of the CNS. Therefore, genetic and functional alterations to NSCs can lead to the development of brain tumors, including glioblastoma. Glioblastoma remains an incurable disease, and the reason for the failure of current therapies and tumor relapse is the presence of a small subpopulation of tumor cells known as glioma stem cells (GSCs), characterized by their stem cell-like properties and aggressive phenotype. Growing evidence reveals that Notch signaling is highly active in GSCs, where it suppresses differentiation and maintains stem-like properties, contributing to Glioblastoma tumorigenesis and conventional-treatment resistance. In this review, we try to give a comprehensive view of the contribution of Notch signaling to Glioblastoma and its possible implication as a target for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bazzoni
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Pz.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
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16
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Sala L, Cirillo G, Riva G, Romano G, Giussani C, Cialdella A, Todisco A, Virtuoso A, Cerrito MG, Bentivegna A, Grassilli E, Ardizzoia A, Bonoldi E, Giovannoni R, Papa M, Lavitrano M. Specific Expression of a New Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Isoform (p65BTK) in the Glioblastoma Gemistocytic Histotype. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:2. [PMID: 30733667 PMCID: PMC6353843 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine-kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase recently associated with glioma tumorigenesis and a novel prognostic marker for poor survival in patients with glioma. The p65BTK is a novel BTK isoform involved in different pathways of drug resistance of solid tumors, thus we aimed to investigate the expression and the putative role of p65BTK in tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). We selected a large cohort of patients with glial tumors (n = 71) and analyzed the expression of p65BTK in different histotypes and correlation with clinical parameters. Sections were stained with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), p53, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), S100, vimentin, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) antibodies. Glioma stem cell (GSC) lines, isolated from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), were treated with different concentrations of ibrutinib, a specific inhibitor of BTK, in order to evaluate their metabolic activity, mitotic index and mortality. Moreover, an orthotopic xenotransplant of GSC from human GBM was used to evaluate the expression of p65BTK in the brain of immunodeficient mice. p65BTK was expressed in GSC and in gemistocytes in human gliomas at different histological grade. We found a significant correlation between BTK expression and low-grade (LG) tumors (p ≤ 0.05) and overall survival (OS) of patients with grade III gliomas (p ≤ 0.05), suggestive of worst prognosis. Interestingly, the expression of p65BTK remained restricted exclusively to gemistocytic cells in the xenograft mouse model. Ibrutinib administration significantly reduced metabolic activity and mitotic index and increased mortality in GSC, highlighting the specific role of p65BTK in cell proliferation and survival. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that p65BTK is expressed in glioma tumors, restricted to gemistocytic cells, has a key role in GSC and has a bad prognostic value, thus highlighting the importance of future research for targeted therapy of human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sala
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cirillo
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Romano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Giussani
- Unit of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Todisco
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Virtuoso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Grassilli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Giovannoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Michele Papa
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Giovannoni R, Facoetti A, Chisci E, Reggi S, Kutryb-Zajac B, Bombelli S, Di Marzo N, Farina L, Bianchi C, Perego R, Avezza F, Cadamuro M, Crippa L, Lavitrano M, Bentivegna A, Leone BE, Rivolta I, Barisani D, Smolenski RT, Romano G. Innovative and Efficient Oral Delivery Method of APOA-1Milano Muteins Which Retain Anti-Atherosclerotic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2018.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Caria P, Pillai R, Dettori T, Frau DV, Zavattari P, Riva G, Romano G, Pani F, Bentivegna A, Giovannoni R, Pagni F, Sogos V, Vanni R. Thyrospheres from B-CPAP Cell Line with BRAF and TERT Promoter Mutations have Different Functional and Molecular Features than Parental Cells. J Cancer 2017; 8:1629-1639. [PMID: 28775782 PMCID: PMC5535718 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human thyroid cancer derived cell lines are widely used to study the mechanisms involved in thyroid carcinogenesis. However, there is limited availability of non-cross-contaminated cancer cell lines derived from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and the B-CPAP cell line is one of the few such lines. B-CPAP cells have been genetically and cytogenetically well-characterized, but details of their stemness features remain uncertain. Considering that this cell line is extensively used for in vitro studies on thyroid tumorigenesis, we broaden its functional and molecular profiles as well as the tumorigenic capacity. We used functional assays (sphere-forming capacity and efficiency), assessed self-renewal and propagation efficiency and tested in vivo tumorigenicity in Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu mice. Expression of markers of stemness, differentiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were estimated at RNA and protein levels in adherent parental cells and sphere-forming cells. Functional aspects and stemness features were compared with normal thyrocytes. Protein expression of xenograft tumors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. B-CPAP sphere-forming cells were able to form thyrospheres theoretically indefinitely in an appropriate serum-free medium, reverting to the adherent parental cell phenotype when cultured in differentiation medium. Different expression of ALDH1-A1 and CD44 stemness markers and TTF-1 and CK19 differentiation markers allowed discrimination between isolated sphere-forming cells and adherent parental cells, indicating that sphere-forming cells retained stem-like features. In keeping with these observations, tumorigenicity assays confirmed that, relative to parental adherent cells, thyrospheres had enhanced capacity to initiate xenograft tumors. Thyrospheres from normal cell line retained very low functional capacity, as well as different stemness markers expression compared to tumor thyrospheres. Our findings may constitute a useful background to develop an in vitro model for assessing the origin and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma bearing BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rita Pillai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tinuccia Dettori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriele Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Gabriele Romano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Fabiana Pani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Pagni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Vanni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Baronchelli S, La Spada A, Ntai A, Barbieri A, Conforti P, Jotti GS, Redaelli S, Bentivegna A, De Blasio P, Biunno I. Epigenetic and transcriptional modulation of WDR5, a chromatin remodeling protein, in Huntington's disease human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) model. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 82:46-57. [PMID: 28476540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) changes are of increasing relevance to neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease (HD). We performed genome-wide screening of possible DNAm changes occurring during striatal differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a HD patient (HD-hiPSCs) as cellular model. We identified 240 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) at promoters in fully differentiated HD-hiPSCs. Subsequently, we focused on the methylation differences in a subcluster of genes related to Jumonji Domain Containing 3 (JMJD3), a demethylase that epigenetically regulates neuronal differentiation and activates neuronal progenitor associated genes, which are indispensable for neuronal fate acquisition. Noticeably among these genes, WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) promoter was found hypermethylated in HD-hiPSCs, resulting in a significant down-modulation in its expression and of the encoded protein. A similar WDR5 expression decrease was seen in a small series of HD-hiPSC lines characterized by different CAG length. The decrease in WDR5 expression was particularly evident in HD-hiPSCs compared to hESCs and control-hiPSCs from healthy subjects. WDR5 is a core component of the MLL/SET1 chromatin remodeling complexes essential for H3K4me3, previously reported to play an important role in stem cells self-renewal and differentiation. These results suggest the existence of epigenetic mechanisms in HD and the identification of genes, which are able to modulate HD phenotype, is important both for biomarker discovery and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baronchelli
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto La Spada
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Ntai
- Integrated Systems Engineering Srl, Via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbieri
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan and Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Padiglione Invernizzi, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Saccani Jotti
- Department of Biological Science, Biotechnology and Translational - S.Bi.Bi.T., University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Serena Redaelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Milan, Italy; NeuroMI, Milan Center of Neuroscience, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Blasio
- Integrated Systems Engineering Srl, Via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Ida Biunno
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy.
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20
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Cilibrasi C, Riva G, Romano G, Cadamuro M, Bazzoni R, Butta V, Paoletta L, Dalprà L, Strazzabosco M, Lavitrano M, Giovannoni R, Bentivegna A. Resveratrol Impairs Glioma Stem Cells Proliferation and Motility by Modulating the Wnt Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169854. [PMID: 28081224 PMCID: PMC5231344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a grade IV astrocytoma and the most common form of malignant brain tumor in adults. GBM remains one of the most fatal and least successfully treated solid tumors: current therapies provide a median survival of 12–15 months after diagnosis, due to the high recurrence rate. Glioma Stem Cells (GSCs) are believed to be the real driving force of tumor initiation, progression and relapse. Therefore, better therapeutic strategies GSCs-targeted are needed. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic phytoalexin found in fruits and vegetables displaying pleiotropic health benefits. Many studies have highlighted its chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic activities in a wide range of solid tumors. In this work, we analyzed the effects of Resveratrol exposure on cell viability, proliferation and motility in seven GSC lines isolated from GBM patients. For the first time in our knowledge, we investigated Resveratrol impact on Wnt signaling pathway in GSCs, evaluating the expression of seven Wnt signaling pathway-related genes and the protein levels of c-Myc and β-catenin. Finally, we analyzed Twist1 and Snail1 protein levels, two pivotal activators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Results showed that although response to Resveratrol exposure was highly heterogeneous among GSC lines, generally it was able to inhibit cell proliferation, increase cell mortality, and strongly decrease cell motility, modulating the Wnt signaling pathway and the EMT activators. Treatment with Resveratrol may represent a new interesting therapeutic approach, in order to affect GSCs proliferation and motility, even if further investigations are needed to deeply understand the GSCs heterogeneous response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cilibrasi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan center of Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan center of Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Romano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- PhD Program in Translational and Molecular Medicine (DIMET), University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cadamuro
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bazzoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Butta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Paoletta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan center of Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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21
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Ceresa C, Nicolini G, Semperboni S, Requardt H, Le Duc G, Santini C, Pellei M, Bentivegna A, Dalprà L, Cavaletti G, Bravin A. Synchrotron-based photon activation therapy effect on cisplatin pre-treated human glioma stem cells. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:5351-5355. [PMID: 25275028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest cancers characterized by very limited sensitivity to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. The presence of GBM stem-like cells in the tumor might be relevant for GBM treatment resistance. AIM To provide a proof-of-concept of the efficacy of photon activation therapy (PAT) using monochromatic synchrotron radiation (SR), in killing GBM stem cells pre-treated with cisplatin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Irradiation was performed using a 1-8 Gy dose range and energies just above or below the platinum K-shell edge (78.39 keV) or with a conventional X-ray source. Cells were exposed to drug concentrations allowing 90% cell survival, mimicking the unfavourable tissue distribution generally achieved in GMB patients. RESULTS a significant enhancement in cell lethality was observed using SR compared to conventional X-ray irradiation. CONCLUSION PAT deserved to be further explored in in vivo models based on GBM stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ceresa
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nicolini
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Semperboni
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Herwig Requardt
- Biomedical Beamline (ID17), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Geraldine Le Duc
- Biomedical Beamline (ID17), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Carlo Santini
- School of Science and Technology - Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Maura Pellei
- School of Science and Technology - Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alberto Bravin
- Biomedical Beamline (ID17), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
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22
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Conconi D, Panzeri E, Redaelli S, Bovo G, Viganò P, Strada G, Dalprà L, Bentivegna A. Chromosomal imbalances in human bladder urothelial carcinoma: similarities and differences between biopsy samples and cancer stem-like cells. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:646. [PMID: 25178926 PMCID: PMC4162911 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existence of two distinct groups of tumors with different clinical characteristic is a remarkable feature of transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the bladder. More than 70% are low-grade (LG) non-infiltrating (NI) cancers at diagnosis, but 60-80% of them recur at least one time and 10-20% progress in stage and grade. On the other hand, about 20% of tumors show muscle invasion (IN) and have a poor prognosis with <50% survival after 5 years. This study focuses on the complexity of the bladder cancer genome, and for the first time to our knowledge, on the possibility to compare genomic alterations of in vitro selected cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), and their original biopsy in order to identify different genomic signature already present in the early stages of tumorigenesis of LG and HG tumors. METHODS We initially used conventional chromosome analysis on TCC biopsies with different histotypes (LG vs HG) in order to detect rough differences between them. Then, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on 10 HG and 10 LG tumors providing an overview of copy number alterations (CNAs). Finally, we made a comparison of the overall CNAs in 16 biopsies and their respective CSCs isolated from them. RESULTS Our findings indicate that LG and HG bladder cancer differ with regard to their genomic profile even in the early stage of tumorigenesis; moreover, we identified a subgroup of LG samples with a higher tendency to lose genomic regions which could represent a more aggressive phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes not only provide valuable information to deeper studying TCC carcinogenesis, but also could help in the clinic for diagnosis and prognosis of patients who will benefit from a more aggressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Bentivegna
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20052 Monza, Italy.
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23
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Riva G, Baronchelli S, Paoletta L, Butta V, Biunno I, Lavitrano M, Dalprà L, Bentivegna A. In vitro anticancer drug test: A new method emerges from the model of glioma stem cells. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:188-199. [PMID: 28962238 PMCID: PMC5598297 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a grade IV astrocytoma and the most common malignant brain tumor. Current therapies provide a median survival of 12–15 months after diagnosis, due to the high recurrence rate. The failure of current therapies may be due to the presence, within the tumor, of cells characterized by enhanced self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation potential and elevated invasive behavior, called glioma stem cells (GSCs). To evaluate the pharmacological efficacy of selected drugs on six GSC lines, we set up a multiple drug responsivity assay based on the combined evaluation of cytomorphological and functional parameters, including the analysis of polymorphic nuclei, mitotic index and cell viability. In order to understand the real pharmacological efficacy of the tested drugs, we assigned a specific drug responsivity score to each GSC line, integrating the data produced by multiple assays. In this work we explored the antineoplastic effects of paclitaxel (PTX), an inhibitor of microtubule depolymerization, utilized as standard treatment in several cancers, and of valproic acid (VPA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) with multiple anticancer properties. We classified the six GSC lines as responsive or resistant to these drugs, on the basis of their responsivity scores. This method can also be useful to identify the best way to combine two or more drugs. In particular, we utilized the pro-differentiating effect of VPA to improve the PTX effectiveness and we observed a significant reduction of cell viability compared to single treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Riva
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Simona Baronchelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.,Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research - National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Paoletta
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Butta
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Ida Biunno
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research - National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy.,IRCCS MultiMedica, Science and Technology Pole, via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.,Medical Genetics Laboratory, S. Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
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24
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Baronchelli S, Bentivegna A, Redaelli S, Riva G, Butta V, Paoletta L, Isimbaldi G, Miozzo M, Tabano S, Daga A, Marubbi D, Cattaneo M, Biunno I, Dalprà L. Delineating the cytogenomic and epigenomic landscapes of glioma stem cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57462. [PMID: 23468990 PMCID: PMC3585345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and malignant type of glioma, is characterized by a poor prognosis and the lack of an effective treatment, which are due to a small sub-population of cells with stem-like properties, termed glioma stem cells (GSCs). The term "multiforme" describes the histological features of this tumor, that is, the cellular and morphological heterogeneity. At the molecular level multiple layers of alterations may reflect this heterogeneity providing together the driving force for tumor initiation and development. In order to decipher the common "signature" of the ancestral GSC population, we examined six already characterized GSC lines evaluating their cytogenomic and epigenomic profiles through a multilevel approach (conventional cytogenetic, FISH, aCGH, MeDIP-Chip and functional bioinformatic analysis). We found several canonical cytogenetic alterations associated with GBM and a common minimal deleted region (MDR) at 1p36.31, including CAMTA1 gene, a putative tumor suppressor gene, specific for the GSC population. Therefore, on one hand our data confirm a role of driver mutations for copy number alterations (CNAs) included in the GBM genomic-signature (gain of chromosome 7- EGFR gene, loss of chromosome 13- RB1 gene, loss of chromosome 10-PTEN gene); on the other, it is not obvious that the new identified CNAs are passenger mutations, as they may be necessary for tumor progression specific for the individual patient. Through our approach, we were able to demonstrate that not only individual genes into a pathway can be perturbed through multiple mechanisms and at different levels, but also that different combinations of perturbed genes can incapacitate functional modules within a cellular networks. Therefore, beyond the differences that can create apparent heterogeneity of alterations among GSC lines, there's a sort of selective force acting on them in order to converge towards the impairment of cell development and differentiation processes. This new overview could have a huge importance in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baronchelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Science and Technology Park, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Serena Redaelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riva
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Butta
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Paoletta
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplant, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplant, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino- Istituto Scientifico Tumori (IST) Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Marubbi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino- Istituto Scientifico Tumori (IST) Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Cattaneo
- Science and Technology Park, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Biunno
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research-National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Surgical Pathology, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Redaelli S, Bentivegna A, Foudah D, Miloso M, Redondo J, Riva G, Baronchelli S, Dalprà L, Tredici G. From cytogenomic to epigenomic profiles: monitoring the biologic behavior of in vitro cultured human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012; 3:47. [PMID: 23168092 PMCID: PMC3580477 DOI: 10.1186/scrt138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into different cell lineages and have emerged as a promising tool for cell-targeted therapies and tissue engineering. Their use in a therapeutic context requires large-scale in vitro expansion, increasing the probability of genetic and epigenetic instabilities. Some evidence shows that an organized program of replicative senescence is triggered in human BM-MSCs (hBM-MSCs) on prolonged in vitro expansion that includes alterations in phenotype, differentiation potential, telomere length, proliferation rates, global gene-expression patterns, and DNA methylation profiles. Methods In this study, we monitored the chromosomal status, the biologic behavior, and the senescence state of hBM-MSCs derived from eight healthy donors at different passages during in vitro propagation. For a more complete picture, the telomere length was also monitored in five of eight donors, whereas the genomic profile was evaluated in three of eight donors by array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). Finally, an epigenomic profile was delineated and compared between early and late passages, by pooling DNA of hBM-MSCs from four donors. Results Our data indicate that long-term culture severely affects the characteristics of hBM-MSCs. All the observed changes (that is, enlarged morphology, decreased number of cell divisions, random loss of genomic regions, telomere shortening) might be regulated by epigenetic modifications. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that specific biologic processes of hBM-MSCs are affected by variations in DNA methylation from early to late passages. Conclusions Because we revealed a significant decrease in DNA methylation levels in hBM-MSCs during long-term culture, it is very important to unravel how these modifications can influence the biologic features of hBM-MSCs to keep track of this organized program and also to clarify the conflicting observations on hBM-MSC malignant transformation in the literature.
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Conconi D, Panzeri E, Redaelli S, Bovo G, Volante M, Viganò P, Strada G, Dalprà L, Bentivegna A. DNA copy number alterations and PPARG amplification in a patient with multifocal bladder urothelial carcinoma. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:607. [PMID: 23114535 PMCID: PMC3598781 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide and over 90% are transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). At the first time of diagnosis at least 70% of TCC present as superficial bladder cancer. Because the clinical outcome of superficial bladder tumors is relatively unpredictable, there is a pressing need to identify markers that may predict tumor recurrence and progression and new treatment strategies. Case presentation We present a unique case of a 67-year old male who underwent total cystectomy after repeated trans-urethral resections of the bladder for multifocal non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The first and the third tumor were diagnosed as high grade non-infiltrating (HGNI), while the second as carcinoma in situ (CIS). We performed both array comparative genomic hybridization and a targeted chromosomal profile by UroVysion in order to detect copy number variations (CNVs) that may be involved with tumor recurrence and progression. The overall data from this study provide new evidence for the monoclonal origin of urothelial tumor multifocality as several genetic changes were found in different tumors of the same patient. From the analysis of shared CNVs two gained regions emerged at 3p25.2 and 12q23.2, including PPARG and ASCL1 genes, respectively. The copy number level of these genes would seem inversely mutually correlated and highly dependent on histological grade, because the highest level of amplification at 3p25.2 was evidenced in the two HGNI samples, while the highest level of copy number gain at 12q23.2 was reported in the CIS. Conclusion We provide new evidence on the role of PPARG in initiation and maintenance of bladder cancer. For the first time we also suggest a possible explanation for the elevated expression of PPARG in this type of tumor through a focal high level amplification at 3p25.2. Furthermore, a new gene, ASCL1, emerged as a potential candidate to assist PPARG in bladder carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Conconi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Baronchelli S, Villa N, Redaelli S, Lissoni S, Saccheri F, Panzeri E, Conconi D, Bentivegna A, Crosti F, Sala E, Bertola F, Marozzi A, Pedicini A, Ventruto M, Police MA, Dalprà L. Investigating the role of X chromosome breakpoints in premature ovarian failure. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:32. [PMID: 22794123 PMCID: PMC3443441 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the genetic factor in the aetiology of premature ovarian failure (POF) is emphasized by the high percentage of familial cases and X chromosome abnormalities account for 10% of chromosomal aberrations. In this study, we report the detailed analysis of 4 chromosomal abnormalities involving the X chromosome and associated with POF that were detected during a screening of 269 affected women. Conventional and molecular cytogenetics were valuable tools for locating the breakpoint regions and thus the following karyotypes were defined: 46,X,der(X)t(X;19)(p21.1;q13.42)mat, 46,X,t(X;2)(q21.33;q14.3)dn, 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(q26.2;q11.223)mat and 46,X,t(X;13)(q13.3;q31)dn. A bioinformatic analysis of the breakpoint regions identified putative candidate genes for ovarian failure near the breakpoint regions on the X chromosome or on autosomes that were involved in the translocation event. HS6ST1, HS6ST2 and MATER genes were identified and their functions and a literature review revealed an interesting connection to the POF phenotype. Moreover, the 19q13.32 locus is associated with the age of onset of the natural menopause. These results support the position effect of the breakpoint on flanking genes, and cytogenetic techniques, in combination with bioinformatic analysis, may help to improve what is known about this puzzling disorder and its diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baronchelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.
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28
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Panzeri E, Conconi D, Antolini L, Redaelli S, Valsecchi MG, Bovo G, Pallotti F, Viganò P, Strada G, Dalprà L, Bentivegna A. Chromosomal aberrations in bladder cancer: fresh versus formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue and targeted FISH versus wide microarray-based CGH analysis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24237. [PMID: 21909424 PMCID: PMC3164716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder carcinogenesis is believed to follow two alternative pathways driven by the loss of chromosome 9 and the gain of chromosome 7, albeit other nonrandom copy number alterations (CNAs) were identified. However, confirmation studies are needed since many aspects of this model remain unclear and considerable heterogeneity among cases has emerged. One of the purposes of this study was to evaluate the performance of a targeted test (UroVysion assay) widely used for the detection of Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, in two different types of material derived from the same tumor. We compared the results of UroVysion test performed on Freshly Isolated interphasic Nuclei (FIN) and on Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) tissues from 22 TCCs and we didn't find substantial differences. A second goal was to assess the concordance between array-CGH profiles and the targeted chromosomal profiles of UroVysion assay on an additional set of 10 TCCs, in order to evaluate whether UroVysion is an adequately sensitive method for the identification of selected aneuploidies and nonrandom CNAs in TCCs. Our results confirmed the importance of global genomic screening methods, that is array based CGH, to comprehensively determine the genomic profiles of large series of TCCs tumors. However, this technique has yet some limitations, such as not being able to detect low level mosaicism, or not detecting any change in the number of copies for a kind of compensatory effect due to the presence of high cellular heterogeneity. Thus, it is still advisable to use complementary techniques such as array-CGH and FISH, as the former is able to detect alterations at the genome level not excluding any chromosome, but the latter is able to maintain the individual data at the level of single cells, even if it focuses on few genomic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Panzeri
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Donatella Conconi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Serena Redaelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bovo
- Department of Pathology, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Pallotti
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Viganò
- Urology Division, Bassini ICP Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Strada
- Urology Division, Bassini ICP Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Villa N, Bentivegna A, Ertel A, Redaelli S, Colombo C, Nacinovich R, Broggi F, Lissoni S, Bungaro S, Addya S, Fortina P, Dalprà L. A de novo supernumerary genomic discontinuous ring chromosome 21 in a child with mild intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1425-31. [PMID: 21574245 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are structurally abnormal extra chromosomes that cannot be unambiguously identified or characterized by conventional banding techniques alone, and they are generally equal in size or smaller than chromosome 20 of the same metaphase spread. Small supernumerary ring chromosomes (sSRCs), a smaller class of marker chromosomes, comprise about 10% of the cases. For various reasons these marker chromosomes have been the most difficult to characterize; although specific syndromes have not yet been defined, 60% of cases are associated with an abnormal phenotype. The chromosomal material involved, the degree and tissutal distribution of mosaicism, and the possible presence of uniparental disomy, are the important factors determining whether or not the ring chromosome will give rise to symptoms. Using conventional and molecular cytogenetics approaches we identified a de novo chromosome 21 sSRC in a child with speech delay and mild intellectual disability. By using aCGH analysis and SNP arrays, we report the presence of two discontinuous regions of chromosome 21 and the paternal origin of the sSRC. A thorough neuropsychiatric evaluation is also provided. Only few other cases of complex discontinuous ring chromosomes have been described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Villa
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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30
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Foudah D, Redaelli S, Donzelli E, Bentivegna A, Miloso M, Dalprà L, Tredici G. Monitoring the genomic stability of in vitro cultured rat bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Chromosome Res 2009; 17:1025-39. [PMID: 19957104 PMCID: PMC2793379 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-009-9090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that MSCs are good candidates to use as cell therapy in many degenerative diseases. For MSC clinical applications, an adequate number of cells are necessary so an extensive expansion is required. However, spontaneous immortalization and malignant transformation of MSCs after culture expansion have been reported in human and mouse, while very few data are present for rat MSCs (rMSCs). In this study, we monitored the chromosomal status of rMSCs at several passages in vitro, also testing the influence of four different cell culture conditions. We first used the conventional traditional cytogenetic techniques, in order to have the opportunity to observe even minor structural abnormalities and to identify low-degree mosaic conditions. Then, a more detailed genomic analysis was conducted by array comparative genomic hybridization. We demonstrated that, irrespective of culture conditions, rMSCs manifested a markedly aneuploid karyotype and a progressive chromosomal instability in all the passages we analyzed and that they are anything but stable during in vitro culture. Despite the fact that the risk of neoplastic transformation associated with this genomic instability needs to be further addressed and considering the apparent genomic stability reported for in vitro cultured human MSCs (hMSCs), our findings underline the fact that rMSCs may not in fact be a good model for effectively exploring the full clinical therapeutic potential of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Foudah
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - Serena Redaelli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Donzelli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Miloso
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20052 Monza, Italy
- US Genetica Medica, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, 20052 Italy
| | - Giovanni Tredici
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20052 Monza, Italy
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Bentivegna A, Conconi D, Panzeri E, Sala E, Bovo G, Viganò P, Brunelli S, Bossi M, Tredici G, Strada G, Dalprà L. Biological heterogeneity of putative bladder cancer stem-like cell populations from human bladder transitional cell carcinoma samples. Cancer Sci 2009; 101:416-24. [PMID: 19961489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. Emerging evidence has suggested that the capability of a tumor to grow and propagate is dependent on a small subset of cells, the cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) or tumor initiating cells. We report on the isolation and biological characterization of putative bladder CSC populations from primary TCCs. Isolated cells were induced to proliferate in stem cell culture conditions (serum-free medium containing mitogenic growth factors). The proliferating cells formed spheroids (urospheres) and their abilities for extensive proliferation and self-renewal were assayed. Their positivity for several stem cell markers (CD133, Oct-3/4, nestin, and cytokeratins) was also assessed by immunofluorescence tests and they could have the potential to differentiate in the presence of serum. In stem cell culture conditions they gradually showed loss of proliferation, adherence to the substrate, and morphological changes, which might reflect their progressive acquisition of differentiative capacity and loss of self-renewal ability. To evaluate if effective cell selection occurred after isolation, conventional cytogenetic studies on fresh chromosome spreads immediately after isolation and after culture were carried out. In addition, a molecular cytogenetic study by UroVysion assay was carried out on paraffin-embedded tissue sections and on fresh and after culture nuclei preparations. The data collected indicated important karyotype changes and a positive selection for hypo- or near-diploid cells, losing the complexity present in fresh tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bentivegna
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Piccirillo SGM, Combi R, Cajola L, Patrizi A, Redaelli S, Bentivegna A, Baronchelli S, Maira G, Pollo B, Mangiola A, DiMeco F, Dalprà L, Vescovi AL. Distinct pools of cancer stem-like cells coexist within human glioblastomas and display different tumorigenicity and independent genomic evolution. Oncogene 2009; 28:1807-11. [PMID: 19287454 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) contain transformed, self-maintaining, multipotent, tumour-initiating cancer stem cells, whose identification has radically changed our perspective on the physiology of these tumours. Currently, it is unknown whether multiple types of transformed precursors, which display alternative sets of the complement of properties of true cancer stem cells, can be found in a GBM. If different subsets of such cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) do exist, they might represent distinct cell targets, with a differential therapeutic importance, also depending on their characteristics and lineage relationship. Here, we report the presence of two types of CSCs within different regions of the same human GBM. Cytogenetic and molecular analysis shows that the two types of CSCs bear quite diverse tumorigenic potential and distinct genetic anomalies, and, yet, derive from common ancestor cells. This provides critical information to unravel the development of CSCs and the key molecular/genetic components underpinning tumorigenicity in human GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G M Piccirillo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Selicorni A, Russo S, Gervasini C, Castronovo P, Milani D, Cavalleri F, Bentivegna A, Masciadri M, Domi A, Divizia MT, Sforzini C, Tarantino E, Memo L, Scarano G, Larizza L. Clinical score of 62 Italian patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome and correlations with the presence and type of NIPBL mutation. Clin Genet 2007; 72:98-108. [PMID: 17661813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by facial dysmorphisms, upper limb abnormalities, growth and cognitive retardation. About half of all patients with CdLS carry mutations in the NIPBL gene. The first Italian CdLS cohort involving 62 patients (including 4 related members) was screened for NIPBL mutations after a clinical evaluation using a quantitative score that integrates auxological, malformation and neurodevelopmental parameters. The patients were classified as having an overall 'severe', 'moderate' or 'mild' phenotype. NIPBL screening showed 26 mutations so classified: truncating (13), splice-site (8), missense (3), in-frame deletion (1) and regulatory (1). The truncating mutations were most frequently found in the patients with a high clinical score, whereas most of the splice-site and all missense mutations clustered in the low-medium score groups. The NIPBL-negative group included patients covering the entire clinical spectrum. The prevalence of a severe phenotype in the mutated group and a mild phenotype in the non-mutated group was statistically significant. In terms of the isolated clinical signs, the statistically significant differences between the mutation-positive and mutation-negative individuals were pre- and post-natal growth deficits, limb reduction, and delayed speech development. The proposed score seems to be a valuable means of prioritizing the patients with CdLS to undergo an NIPBL mutation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Selicorni
- I Clinica Pediatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Mangiagalli Regina Elena, Milan, Italy
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Gervasini C, Castronovo P, Bentivegna A, Mottadelli F, Faravelli F, Giovannucci-Uzielli ML, Pessagno A, Lucci-Cordisco E, Pinto AM, Salviati L, Selicorni A, Tenconi R, Neri G, Larizza L. High frequency of mosaic CREBBP deletions in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome patients and mapping of somatic and germ-line breakpoints. Genomics 2007; 90:567-73. [PMID: 17855048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare malformation disorder caused by mutations in the closely related CREBBP and EP300 genes, accounting respectively for up to 60 and 3% of cases. About 10% of CREBBP mutations are whole gene deletions often extending into flanking regions. Using FISH and microsatellite analyses as a first step in the CREBBP mutation screening of 42 Italian RSTS patients, we identified six deletions, three of which were in a mosaic condition that has not been previously reported in RSTS. The use of region-specific BAC clones and small CREBBP probes allowed us to assess the extent of all of the deletions by mapping their endpoints to genomic intervals of 5-10 kb. Four of our five intragenic breakpoints cluster at the 5' end of CREBBP, where there is a peak of breakpoints underlying rearrangements in RSTS patients and tumors. The search for genomic motifs did not reveal any low-copy repeats (LCRs) or any greater density of repetitive sequences. In contrast, the percentage of interspersed repetitive elements (mainly Alu and LINEs in the CREBBP exon 2 region) is significantly higher than that in the entire gene or the average in the genome, thus suggesting that this characteristic may be involved in the region's vulnerability to breaking and nonhomologous pairing. The FISH analysis extended to the EP300 genomic region did not reveal any deletions. The clinical presentation was typical in all cases, but more severe in the three patients carrying constitutional deletions, raising a question about the possible underdiagnosis of a few cases of mild RSTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gervasini
- Division of Medical Genetics, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
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Lalatta F, Russo S, Gentilin B, Spaccini L, Boschetto C, Cavalleri F, Masciadri M, Gervasini C, Bentivegna A, Castronovo P, Larizza L. Prenatal/neonatal pathology in two cases of Cornelia de Lange syndrome harboring novel mutations of NIPBL. Genet Med 2007; 9:188-94. [PMID: 17413424 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e31803183dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study reviews prenatal findings in two cases with a suspected diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, a multisystem disorder characterized by somatic defects and mental retardation, that were later confirmed by postmortem examination and molecular testing. Although the correlation between the Cornelia de Lange Syndrome genotype and phenotype is still unclear, preliminary data indicate several severe phenotypic features that are likely to be detected prenatally in NIPBL-mutated patients. METHODS We report on two prenatal/neonatal cases with unusual pathologic findings indicating Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. The first, with suspected Cornelia de Lange Syndrome after a set of typical dysmorphisms was noted by prenatal ultrasound, was confirmed by a physical examination after termination of the pregnancy. The second was diagnosed neonatally on the basis of typical clinical signs. Medical complications led to death within the first month of life. RESULTS Molecular analysis of NIPBL, the gene that codes for delangin (a component of the cohesin complex), performed postnatally detected two de novo mutations: a missense change (P2056L) in a highly conserved residue and a nonsense alteration (S2490 replaced by a stop codon). CONCLUSION We suggest that early diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome would be made much easier by the assemblage of a set of prenatal diagnostic features and criteria in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome cases that have been confirmed by direct physical and molecular examinations. We also suggest that Cornelia de Lange Syndrome genotype-phenotype correlations need to be extended to prenatal cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustina Lalatta
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Department of Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Milan, Italy.
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Bentivegna A, Milani D, Gervasini C, Castronovo P, Mottadelli F, Manzini S, Colapietro P, Giordano L, Atzeri F, Divizia MT, Uzielli MLG, Neri G, Bedeschi MF, Faravelli F, Selicorni A, Larizza L. Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome: spectrum of CREBBP mutations in Italian patients. BMC Med Genet 2006; 7:77. [PMID: 17052327 PMCID: PMC1626071 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-7-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome (RSTS, MIM 180849) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by mental and growth retardation, broad and duplicated distal phalanges of thumbs and halluces, facial dysmorphisms and increased risk of tumors. RSTS is caused by chromosomal rearrangements and point mutations in one copy of the CREB-binding protein gene (CREBBP or CBP) in 16p13.3. To date mutations in CREBBP have been reported in 56.6% of RSTS patients and an average figure of 10% has ascribed to deletions. METHODS Our study is based on the mutation analysis of CREBBP in 31 Italian RSTS patients using segregation analysis of intragenic microsatellites, BAC FISH and direct sequencing of PCR and RT-PCR fragments. RESULTS We identified a total of five deletions, two of the entire gene and three, all in a mosaic condition, involving either the 5' or the 3' region. By direct sequencing a total of 14 de novo mutations were identified: 10 truncating (5 frameshift and 5 nonsense), one splice site, and three novel missense mutations. Two of the latter affect the HAT domain, while one maps within the conserved nuclear receptor binding of (aa 1-170) and will probably destroy a Nuclear Localization Signal. Identification of the p.Asn1978Ser in the healthy mother of a patient also carrying a de novo frameshift mutation, questions the pathogenetic significance of the missense change reported as recurrent mutation. Thirteen additional polymorphisms, three as of yet unreported, were also detected. CONCLUSION A high detection rate (61.3%) of mutations is confirmed by this Italian study which also attests one of the highest microdeletion rate (16%) documented so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bentivegna
- Division of Medical Genetics, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- I Clinica Pediatrica, Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Division of Medical Genetics, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Castronovo
- Division of Medical Genetics, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Mottadelli
- Division of Medical Genetics, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Colapietro
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Atzeri
- I Clinica Pediatrica, Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria T Divizia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Neri
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria F Bedeschi
- Servizio di Genetica Medica, Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Selicorni
- I Clinica Pediatrica, Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Division of Medical Genetics, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
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Venturin M, Bentivegna A, Moroni R, Larizza L, Riva P. Evidence by expression analysis of candidate genes for congenital heart defects in the NF1 microdeletion interval. Ann Hum Genet 2005; 69:508-16. [PMID: 16138909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It was recently reported that congenital heart disease is significantly more frequent in patients with NF1 microdeletion syndrome than in those with classical NF1. The outcome of congenital heart disease in this subset of patients is likely caused by the haploinsufficiency of gene/s in the deletion interval. Following in silico analysis of the deleted region, we found two genes known to be expressed in adult heart, the Joined to JAZF1 (SUZ12) and the Centaurin-alpha 2 (CENTA2) genes, and seven other genes with poorly defined patterns of expression and function. With the aim of defining their expression profiles in human fetal tissues (15th-21st weeks of gestation), expression analysis by RT-PCR and Northern blotting was performed. C17orf40, SUZ12 and CENTA2 were found to be mainly expressed in fetal heart, and following RT-PCR on mouse embryos and embryonic heart and brain at different stages of development, we found that the orthologous genes C17orf40, Suz12 and Centa2 are also expressed in early stages of development, before and during the formation of the four heart chambers. The presence of binding sites for Nkx2-5, a transcription factor expressed early in heart development, in all three mouse orthologous genes was predicted by bioinformatics, thus reinforcing the hypothesis that these genes might be involved in heart development and may be plausible candidates for congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Venturin
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical Faculty--University of Milan, Italy
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Venturin M, Gervasini C, Orzan F, Bentivegna A, Corrado L, Colapietro P, Friso A, Tenconi R, Upadhyaya M, Larizza L, Riva P. Evidence for non-homologous end joining and non-allelic homologous recombination in atypical NF1 microdeletions. Hum Genet 2004; 115:69-80. [PMID: 15103551 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Accepted: 02/11/2004] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
NF1 microdeletion syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency of the NF1 gene and of gene(s) located in adjacent flanking regions. Most of the NF1 deletions originate by non-allelic homologous recombination between repeated sequences (REP-P and -M) mapped to 17q11.2, while the remaining deletions show unusual breakpoints. We performed high-resolution FISH analysis of 18 NF1 microdeleted patients with the aims of mapping non-recurrent deletion breakpoints and verifying the presence of additional recombination-prone architectural motifs. This approach allowed us to obtain the sequence of the first junction fragment of an atypical deletion. By conventional FISH, we identified 16 patients with REP-mediated common deletions, and two patients carrying atypical deletions of 1.3 Mb and 3 Mb. Following fibre-FISH, we identified breakpoint regions of 100 kb, which led to the generation of several locus-specific probes restricting the atypical deletion endpoint intervals to a few kilobases. Sequence analysis provided evidence of small blocks of REPs, clustered around the 1.3-Mb deletion breakpoints, probably involved in intrachromatid non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR), while isolation and sequencing of the 3-Mb deletion junction fragment indicated that a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanism is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Venturin
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Milan, via Viotti 3/5, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Gervasini C, Bentivegna A, Venturin M, Corrado L, Larizza L, Riva P. Tandem duplication of the NF1 gene detected by high-resolution FISH in the 17q11.2 region. Hum Genet 2002; 110:314-21. [PMID: 11941479 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-002-0704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2001] [Accepted: 02/04/2002] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The gene for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), mapping to 17q11.2, has one of the highest observed mutation rates, partially because of its large size and gene conversion primed by NF1 pseudogenes. We have previously shown by means of high resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) that a number of the loci flanking the NF1 gene are duplicated, in agreement with the reported presence of NF1 repetitive sequences (REPs). We report a direct tandem duplication of the NF1 gene identified in 17q11.2 by high-resolution FISH. FISH on stretched chromosomes with locus-specific probes revealed the duplication of the NF1 gene from the promoter to 3'UTR, but with at least the absence of exon 22. Fiber FISH with P1 artificial and bacterial artifical chromosomes, including the NF1 5'UTR and 3'UTR and flanking regions, visualized the direct tandem duplication with a similar, but not identical, genomic organization of the NF1 duplicon copies. Duplication was probably present in the human-chimpanzee-gorilla common ancestor, as demonstrated here by the finding of the duplicated NF1 gene at orthologous chromosome loci. The NF1 intrachromosomal duplication may contribute to the high whole-gene mutation rate by gene conversion, although the functional activity of the NF1 copy remains to be investigated. Detection of the NF1 duplicon by high-resolution FISH may pave the way to filling the gaps in the human genomic sequence of the pericentromeric 17q11.2 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gervasini
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Milan, Via Viotti 3/5, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Bentivegna A, Venturin M, Gervasini C, Corrado L, Larizza L, Riva P. FISH with locus-specific probes on stretched chromosomes: a useful tool for genome organization studies. Chromosome Res 2001; 9:167-70. [PMID: 11321371 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009287104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Bentivegna
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Milan, Italy
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Bentivegna A, Venturin M, Gervasini C, Corrado L, Larizza L, Riva P. Identification of duplicated genes in 17q11.2 using FISH on stretched chromosomes and DNA fibers. Hum Genet 2001; 109:48-54. [PMID: 11479735 DOI: 10.1007/s004390100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2001] [Accepted: 04/30/2001] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has been provided that links duplicons (REP-P and REP-M) in 17q11.2 flanking the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene to the breakpoints of the NF1 microdeletion syndrome. The physical mapping and structural definition of duplicated regions is often impossible by conventional approaches, and so we have used high resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with locus-specific probes of limited size on chromosomes stretched to different degrees to identify novel duplicated genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) mapping to 17q11.2. This approach has allowed us to detect and map duplications of the BLMH and GOS28 genes, with one copy lying centromeric and one telomeric to the NF1 gene, and an SHGC30113 transcript with one copy being adjacent and the other distal to the NF1 3' untranslated region. Double-color FISH with a BLMH-specific probe on stretched chromosomes showed that the telomeric BLMH repeat lacked the 5' end of the gene and was 0.8 Mb from its centromeric copy. The distance between the SHGC30113 repeats was estimated as being 500 kb by double-color FISH on highly stretched chromosomes and DNA fibers. The latter approach revealed adjacent SHGC30113-BLMH-specific signals relating to the incomplete BLMH copy. The use of FISH on stretched chromosomes and, where applicable DNA fibers, is a powerful tool for identifying and finely characterizing duplicated regions whose mapping by the classical physical mapping approach is often precluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bentivegna
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Milan, Via Viotti 3/5, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Bentivegna A, Venturin M, Gervasini C, Corrado L, Larizza L, Riva P. Chromosome Res 2001; 9:520-520. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1011661402666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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