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Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Agarwalla SK, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Alameddine JM, Amin NM, Andeen K, Anton G, Argüelles C, Ashida Y, Athanasiadou S, Axani SN, Bai X, Balagopal VA, Baricevic M, Barwick SW, Basu V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker Tjus J, Beise J, Bellenghi C, Benning C, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bontempo F, Book JY, Boscolo Meneguolo C, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Braun J, Brinson B, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burley RT, Busse RS, Butterfield D, Campana MA, Carloni K, Carnie-Bronca EG, Chattopadhyay S, Chau N, Chen C, Chen Z, Chirkin D, Choi S, Clark BA, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Connolly A, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Delgado D, Deng S, Deoskar K, Desai A, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, DeYoung T, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dittmer M, Domi A, Dujmovic H, DuVernois MA, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Ellinger E, El Mentawi S, Elsässer D, Engel R, Erpenbeck H, Evans J, Evenson PA, Fan KL, Fang K, Farrag K, Fazely AR, Feigl N, Fiedlschuster S, Fienberg AT, Finley C, Fischer L, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Fritz A, Fürst P, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garcia A, Gerhardt L, Ghadimi A, Glaser C, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goehlke N, Gonzalez JG, Goswami S, Grant D, Gray SJ, Gries O, Griffin S, Griswold S, Groth KM, Günther C, Gutjahr P, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Hamdaoui H, Ha Minh M, Hanson K, Hardin J, Harnisch AA, Hatch P, Haungs A, Helbing K, Hellrung J, Henningsen F, Heuermann L, Heyer N, Hickford S, Hidvegi A, Hill C, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hori S, Hoshina K, Hou W, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, Hymon K, In S, Ishihara A, Jacquart M, Janik O, Jansson M, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jin M, Jones BJP, Kang D, Kang W, Kang X, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Kardum L, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kelley JL, Khatee Zathul A, Kheirandish A, Kiryluk J, Klein SR, Kochocki A, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Kontrimas T, Köpke L, Kopper C, Koskinen DJ, Koundal P, Kovacevich M, Kowalski M, Kozynets T, Krishnamoorthi J, Kruiswijk K, Krupczak E, Kumar A, Kun E, Kurahashi N, Lad N, Lagunas Gualda C, Lamoureux M, Larson MJ, Latseva S, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Lee JW, Leonard DeHolton K, Leszczyńska A, Lincetto M, Liu QR, Liubarska M, Lohfink E, Love C, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lucarelli F, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Madsen J, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Manao E, Mancina S, Marie Sainte W, Mariş IC, Marka S, Marka Z, Marsee M, Martinez-Soler I, Maruyama R, Mayhew F, McElroy T, McNally F, Mead JV, Meagher K, Mechbal S, Medina A, Meier M, Merckx Y, Merten L, Micallef J, Mitchell J, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morii Y, Morse R, Moulai M, Mukherjee T, Naab R, Nagai R, Nakos M, Naumann U, Necker J, Negi A, Neumann M, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Noell A, Novikov A, Nowicki SC, Obertacke Pollmann A, O'Dell V, Oehler M, Oeyen B, Olivas A, Orsoe R, Osborn J, O'Sullivan E, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Park N, Parker GK, Paudel EN, Paul L, Pérez de Los Heros C, Peterson J, Philippen S, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Pontén A, Popovych Y, Prado Rodriguez M, Pries B, Procter-Murphy R, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Rack-Helleis J, Rawlins K, Rechav Z, Rehman A, Reichherzer P, Renzi G, Resconi E, Reusch S, Rhode W, Riedel B, Rifaie A, Roberts EJ, Robertson S, Rodan S, Roellinghoff G, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruohan L, Ryckbosch D, Safa I, Saffer J, Salazar-Gallegos D, Sampathkumar P, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Savelberg J, Savina P, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schindler S, Schlickmann L, Schlüter B, Schlüter F, Schmeisser N, Schmidt T, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Schwefer G, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seikh M, Seunarine S, Shah R, Sharma A, Shefali S, Shimizu N, Silva M, Skrzypek B, Smithers B, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Søgaard A, Soldin D, Soldin P, Sommani G, Spannfellner C, Spiczak GM, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stezelberger T, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Ter-Antonyan S, Thiesmeyer M, Thompson WG, Thwaites J, Tilav S, Tollefson K, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tung CF, Turcotte R, Twagirayezu JP, Ty B, Unland Elorrieta MA, Upadhyay AK, Upshaw K, Valtonen-Mattila N, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vannerom D, van Santen J, Vara J, Veitch-Michaelis J, Venugopal M, Vereecken M, Verpoest S, Veske D, Vijai A, Walck C, Weaver C, Weigel P, Weindl A, Weldert J, Wen AY, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Weyrauch M, Whitehorn N, Wiebusch CH, Willey N, Williams DR, Witthaus L, Wolf A, Wolf M, Wrede G, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yildizci E, Yoshida S, Young R, Yu F, Yu S, Zhang Z, Zhelnin P, Zilberman P, Zimmerman M. Observation of Seven Astrophysical Tau Neutrino Candidates with IceCube. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:151001. [PMID: 38682982 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.151001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
We report on a measurement of astrophysical tau neutrinos with 9.7 yr of IceCube data. Using convolutional neural networks trained on images derived from simulated events, seven candidate ν_{τ} events were found with visible energies ranging from roughly 20 TeV to 1 PeV and a median expected parent ν_{τ} energy of about 200 TeV. Considering backgrounds from astrophysical and atmospheric neutrinos, and muons from π^{±}/K^{±} decays in atmospheric air showers, we obtain a total estimated background of about 0.5 events, dominated by non-ν_{τ} astrophysical neutrinos. Thus, we rule out the absence of astrophysical ν_{τ} at the 5σ level. The measured astrophysical ν_{τ} flux is consistent with expectations based on previously published IceCube astrophysical neutrino flux measurements and neutrino oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbasi
- Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA
| | - M Ackermann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - S K Agarwalla
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J M Alameddine
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - N M Amin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Y Ashida
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - S Athanasiadou
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S N Axani
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - V A Balagopal
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Baricevic
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - V Basu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Beise
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Bellenghi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Benning
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università Degli Studi di Padova, 35122 Padova PD, Italy
| | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - F Bontempo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Y Book
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C Boscolo Meneguolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università Degli Studi di Padova, 35122 Padova PD, Italy
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Böttcher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Brinson
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - J Brostean-Kaiser
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R T Burley
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - R S Busse
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Butterfield
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M A Campana
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - K Carloni
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - E G Carnie-Bronca
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - S Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N Chau
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Chen
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - B A Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Coleman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Connolly
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Coppin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Correa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J DeLaunay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D Delgado
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S Deng
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Deoskar
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Desai
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology-CP3, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Diaz
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Dittmer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Domi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Dujmovic
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E Ellinger
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S El Mentawi
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Elsässer
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Erpenbeck
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Evans
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K L Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Fang
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Farrag
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - N Feigl
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Fiedlschuster
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A T Fienberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D Fox
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Franckowiak
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - A Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Fürst
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Ganster
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Garcia
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Ghadimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Glaser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Glauch
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N Goehlke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Goswami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S J Gray
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - O Gries
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Griffin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Griswold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - K M Groth
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Günther
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Gutjahr
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Haack
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Halliday
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Halve
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H Hamdaoui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Ha Minh
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Hardin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A A Harnisch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P Hatch
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hellrung
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F Henningsen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Heuermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - N Heyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Hidvegi
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Hill
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Hori
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Hou
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hymon
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Jacquart
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - O Janik
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Jansson
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Jin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - D Kang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - X Kang
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Kardum
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Karg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Karl
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Khatee Zathul
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA
- Nevada Center for Astrophysics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Kochocki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Kontrimas
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Koundal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kovacevich
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - T Kozynets
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Krishnamoorthi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Kruiswijk
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology-CP3, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - E Krupczak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Kumar
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E Kun
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - N Lad
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C Lagunas Gualda
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Lamoureux
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology-CP3, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M J Larson
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Latseva
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J P Lazar
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Leonard DeHolton
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Leszczyńska
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M Lincetto
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Q R Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Liubarska
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - E Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Love
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - C J Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F Lucarelli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - W Luszczak
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Makino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Manao
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università Degli Studi di Padova, 35122 Padova PD, Italy
| | - W Marie Sainte
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Marka
- Columbia Astrophysics and Nevis Laboratories, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Z Marka
- Columbia Astrophysics and Nevis Laboratories, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M Marsee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - I Martinez-Soler
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - F Mayhew
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T McElroy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207-0001, USA
| | - J V Mead
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Mechbal
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Medina
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Y Merckx
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Merten
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Mitchell
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R W Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Y Morii
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Mukherjee
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Naab
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Nagai
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Nakos
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Necker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Negi
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - M Neumann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Noell
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Novikov
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Obertacke Pollmann
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - V O'Dell
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Oehler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Oeyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Orsoe
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Osborn
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E O'Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N Park
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - G K Parker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - E N Paudel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Paul
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Peterson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Philippen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Pizzuto
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Plum
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A Pontén
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Y Popovych
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Prado Rodriguez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Pries
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R Procter-Murphy
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Raab
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology-CP3, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J Rack-Helleis
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - Z Rechav
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Rehman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Reichherzer
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Renzi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Reusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Rifaie
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E J Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Rodan
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - G Roellinghoff
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Rongen
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - L Ruohan
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - I Safa
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Saffer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Salazar-Gallegos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P Sampathkumar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J Savelberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Savina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Schaufel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schindler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Schlickmann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Schlüter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F Schlüter
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Schmeisser
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Schneider
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Schumacher
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Schwefer
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Sclafani
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M Seikh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - R Shah
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Shefali
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Shimizu
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Silva
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Skrzypek
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B Smithers
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - R Snihur
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Søgaard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Soldin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Soldin
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Sommani
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Spannfellner
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Stürwald
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Stuttard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - M Thiesmeyer
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - W G Thompson
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Thwaites
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Tönnis
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S Toscano
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Trettin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C F Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - R Turcotte
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J P Twagirayezu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M A Unland Elorrieta
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A K Upadhyay
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Upshaw
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - N Valtonen-Mattila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Vannerom
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J van Santen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Vara
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - J Veitch-Michaelis
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Venugopal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Vereecken
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology-CP3, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - S Verpoest
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D Veske
- Columbia Astrophysics and Nevis Laboratories, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Vijai
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P Weigel
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Weldert
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Y Wen
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Werthebach
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Weyrauch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - N Willey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - L Witthaus
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Wolf
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Wolf
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J P Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - E Yildizci
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - R Young
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - F Yu
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - P Zhelnin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Zilberman
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Zimmerman
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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2
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Albert A, André M, Anghinolfi M, Anton G, Ardid M, Aubert JJ, Aublin J, Avgitas T, Baret B, Barrios-Martít J, Basa S, Belhorma B, Bertin V, Biagi S, Bormuth R, Boumaaza J, Bourret S, Bouwhuis MC, Brânzaş H, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Busto J, Capone A, Caramete L, Carr J, Celli S, Chabab M, Moursli RCE, Chiarusi T, Circella M, Coelho JAB, Coleiro A, Colomer M, Coniglione R, Costantini H, Coyle P, Creusot A, Díaz AF, Deschamps A, Distefano C, Palma ID, Domi A, Donzaud C, Dornic D, Drouhin D, Eberl T, Bojaddaini IE, Khayati NE, Elsässer D, Enzenhöfer A, Ettahiri A, Fassi F, Felis I, Fermani P, Ferrara G, Fusco LA, Gay P, Glotin H, Grégoire T, Ruiz RG, Graf K, Hallmann S, van Haren H, Heijboer AJ, Hello Y, Hernández-Rey JJ, Hößl J, Hofestädt J, Illuminati G, de Jong M, Jongen M, Kadler M, Kalekin O, Katz U, Khan-Chowdhury NR, Kouchner A, Kreter M, Kreykenbohm I, Kulikovskiy V, Lachaud C, Lahmann R, Lefèvre D, Leonora E, Levi G, Lotze M, Loucatos S, Marcelin M, Margiotta A, Marinelli A, Martínez-Mora JA, Mele R, Melis K, Migliozzi P, Moussa A, Navas S, Nezri E, Nuñez A, Organokov M, Păvălaş GE, Pellegrino C, Piattelli P, Popa V, Pradier T, Quinn L, Racca C, Randazzo N, Riccobene G, Sánchez-Losa A, Saldaña M, Salvadori I, Samtleben DFE, Sanguineti M, Sapienza P, Schüssler F, Spurio M, Stolarczyk T, Taiuti M, Tayalati Y, Trovato A, Vallage B, Van Elewyck V, Versari F, Vivolo D, Wilms J, Zaborov D, Zornoza JD, Zúñiga J. The cosmic ray shadow of the Moon observed with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2018; 78:1006. [PMID: 30872956 PMCID: PMC6383875 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the main objectives of the ANTARES telescope is the search for point-like neutrino sources. Both the pointing accuracy and the angular resolution of the detector are important in this context and a reliable way to evaluate this performance is needed. In order to measure the pointing accuracy of the detector, one possibility is to study the shadow of the Moon, i.e. the deficit of the atmospheric muon flux from the direction of the Moon induced by the absorption of cosmic rays. Analysing the data taken between 2007 and 2016, the Moon shadow is observed with 3.5 σ statistical significance. The detector angular resolution for downward-going muons is 0 . 73 ∘ ± 0 . 14 ∘ . The resulting pointing performance is consistent with the expectations. An independent check of the telescope pointing accuracy is realised with the data collected by a shower array detector onboard of a ship temporarily moving around the ANTARES location.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Albert
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M. André
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Technical University of Catalonia, Rambla Exposició, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Anghinolfi
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G. Anton
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Ardid
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València. C/ Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - J. -J. Aubert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - J. Aublin
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - T. Avgitas
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - B. Baret
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J. Barrios-Martít
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Basa
- LAM - Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - B. Belhorma
- National Center for Energy Sciences and Nuclear Techniques, B.P.1382, 10001 Rabat, Morocco
| | - V. Bertin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - S. Biagi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Bormuth
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. Boumaaza
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - S. Bourret
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - H. Brânzaş
- Institute of Space Science, RO-077125 Măgurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. Bruijn
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Brunner
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - J. Busto
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Capone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - L. Caramete
- Institute of Space Science, RO-077125 Măgurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - J. Carr
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - S. Celli
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale Francesco Crispi 7, 00167 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - M. Chabab
- LPHEA, Faculty of Science, Semlali, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O.B. 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - R. Cherkaoui El Moursli
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - T. Chiarusi
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Circella
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J. A. B. Coelho
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A. Coleiro
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Colomer
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - R. Coniglione
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - H. Costantini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - P. Coyle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Creusot
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A. F. Díaz
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology/CITIC, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A. Deschamps
- Géoazur, UCA, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - C. Distefano
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - I. Di Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Domi
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - C. Donzaud
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D. Dornic
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - D. Drouhin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - T. Eberl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - I. El Bojaddaini
- Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, University Mohammed I, B.P.717, 6000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - N. El Khayati
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - D. Elsässer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A. Enzenhöfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Ettahiri
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - F. Fassi
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - I. Felis
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València. C/ Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - P. Fermani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - G. Ferrara
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - L. A. Fusco
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P. Gay
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - H. Glotin
- LIS, UMR Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, 83041 Toulon, France
| | - T. Grégoire
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - R. Gracia Ruiz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - K. Graf
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S. Hallmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H. van Haren
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZ ’t Horntje (Texel), The Netherlands
| | | | - Y. Hello
- Géoazur, UCA, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - J. J. Hernández-Rey
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Hößl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J. Hofestädt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - G. Illuminati
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. de Jong
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Jongen
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Kadler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - O. Kalekin
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - U. Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - N. R. Khan-Chowdhury
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Kouchner
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M. Kreter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - I. Kreykenbohm
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - V. Kulikovskiy
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Leninskie gory, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Lachaud
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - R. Lahmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. Lefèvre
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 9, France
- Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS-INSU/IRD UM 110, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France
| | - E. Leonora
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - G. Levi
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Lotze
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Loucatos
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Marcelin
- LAM - Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - A. Margiotta
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Marinelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. A. Martínez-Mora
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València. C/ Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - R. Mele
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K. Melis
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Migliozzi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Moussa
- Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, University Mohammed I, B.P.717, 6000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - S. Navas
- Dpto. de Física Teórica y del Cosmos & C.A.F.P.E., University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - E. Nezri
- LAM - Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - A. Nuñez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- LAM - Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - M. Organokov
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G. E. Păvălaş
- Institute of Space Science, RO-077125 Măgurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C. Pellegrino
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P. Piattelli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - V. Popa
- Institute of Space Science, RO-077125 Măgurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - T. Pradier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - L. Quinn
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - C. Racca
- GRPHE, Université de Haute Alsace - Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, 34 rue du Grillenbreit, BP 50568, 68008 Colmar, France
| | - N. Randazzo
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - G. Riccobene
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - M. Saldaña
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València. C/ Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - I. Salvadori
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - D. F. E. Samtleben
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Sanguineti
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - P. Sapienza
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - F. Schüssler
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Spurio
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Th. Stolarczyk
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Taiuti
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Y. Tayalati
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - A. Trovato
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - B. Vallage
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - V. Van Elewyck
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - F. Versari
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - D. Vivolo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J. Wilms
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - D. Zaborov
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - J. D. Zornoza
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Zúñiga
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Albert A, André M, Anghinolfi M, Anton G, Ardid M, Aubert JJ, Avgitas T, Baret B, Barrios-Martí J, Basa S, Bertin V, Biagi S, Bormuth R, Bourret S, Bouwhuis MC, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Busto J, Capone A, Caramete L, Carr J, Celli S, Chiarusi T, Circella M, Coelho JAB, Coleiro A, Coniglione R, Costantini H, Coyle P, Creusot A, Deschamps A, De Bonis G, Distefano C, Di Palma I, Domi A, Donzaud C, Dornic D, Drouhin D, Eberl T, El Bojaddaini I, Elsässer D, Enzenhöfer A, Felis I, Folger F, Fusco LA, Galatà S, Gay P, Giordano V, Glotin H, Grégoire T, Gracia Ruiz R, Graf K, Hallmann S, van Haren H, Heijboer AJ, Hello Y, Hernández-Rey JJ, Hößl J, Hofestädt J, Hugon C, Illuminati G, James CW, de Jong M, Jongen M, Kadler M, Kalekin O, Katz U, Kießling D, Kouchner A, Kreter M, Kreykenbohm I, Kulikovskiy V, Lachaud C, Lahmann R, Lefèvre D, Leonora E, Lotze M, Loucatos S, Marcelin M, Margiotta A, Marinelli A, Martínez-Mora JA, Mele R, Melis K, Michael T, Migliozzi P, Moussa A, Nezri E, Organokov M, Păvălaş GE, Pellegrino C, Perrina C, Piattelli P, Popa V, Pradier T, Quinn L, Racca C, Riccobene G, Sánchez-Losa A, Saldaña M, Salvadori I, Samtleben DFE, Sanguineti M, Sapienza P, Schüssler F, Sieger C, Spurio M, Stolarczyk T, Taiuti M, Tayalati Y, Trovato A, Turpin D, Tönnis C, Vallage B, Van Elewyck V, Versari F, Vivolo D, Vizzoca A, Wilms J, Zornoza JD, Zúñiga J. An algorithm for the reconstruction of high-energy neutrino-induced particle showers and its application to the ANTARES neutrino telescope. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2017; 77:419. [PMID: 28775667 PMCID: PMC5512345 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel algorithm to reconstruct neutrino-induced particle showers within the ANTARES neutrino telescope is presented. The method achieves a median angular resolution of [Formula: see text] for shower energies below 100 TeV. Applying this algorithm to 6 years of data taken with the ANTARES detector, 8 events with reconstructed shower energies above 10 TeV are observed. This is consistent with the expectation of about 5 events from atmospheric backgrounds, but also compatible with diffuse astrophysical flux measurements by the IceCube collaboration, from which 2-4 additional events are expected. A [Formula: see text] C.L. upper limit on the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux with a value per neutrino flavour of [Formula: see text] is set, applicable to the energy range from 23 TeV to 7.8 PeV, assuming an unbroken [Formula: see text] spectrum and neutrino flavour equipartition at Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Albert
- GRPHE, Université de Haute Alsace, Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, 34 rue du Grillenbreit, BP 50568, 68008 Colmar, France
| | - M. André
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Rambla Exposició, Technical University of Catalonia, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Anghinolfi
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - G. Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Ardid
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - J.-J. Aubert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - T. Avgitas
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - B. Baret
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J. Barrios-Martí
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Basa
- LAM, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - V. Bertin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - S. Biagi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Bormuth
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S. Bourret
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - R. Bruijn
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Brunner
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - J. Busto
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Capone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - L. Caramete
- Institute for Space Science, 077125, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - J. Carr
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - S. Celli
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale Francesco Crispi 7, 00167 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - T. Chiarusi
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Circella
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J. A. B. Coelho
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A. Coleiro
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - R. Coniglione
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - H. Costantini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - P. Coyle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Creusot
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A. Deschamps
- Géoazur, UCA, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - G. De Bonis
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - C. Distefano
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - I. Di Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Domi
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - C. Donzaud
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D. Dornic
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - D. Drouhin
- GRPHE, Université de Haute Alsace, Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, 34 rue du Grillenbreit, BP 50568, 68008 Colmar, France
| | - T. Eberl
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - I. El Bojaddaini
- Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, University Mohammed I, B.P.717, 6000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - D. Elsässer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A. Enzenhöfer
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - I. Felis
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - F. Folger
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - L. A. Fusco
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Galatà
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - P. Gay
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - V. Giordano
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - H. Glotin
- LSIS, Aix Marseille Université CNRS ENSAM LSIS UMR 7296, 13397 Marseille, France
- Université de Toulon CNRS LSIS UMR 7296, 83957 La Garde, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - T. Grégoire
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - R. Gracia Ruiz
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - K. Graf
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S. Hallmann
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - H. van Haren
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZ ’t Horntje (Texel), The Netherlands
| | | | - Y. Hello
- Géoazur, UCA, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - J. J. Hernández-Rey
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Hößl
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J. Hofestädt
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. Hugon
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - G. Illuminati
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - C. W. James
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. de Jong
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Jongen
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Kadler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - O. Kalekin
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - U. Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. Kießling
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. Kouchner
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M. Kreter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - I. Kreykenbohm
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - V. Kulikovskiy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Lachaud
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - R. Lahmann
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. Lefèvre
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
- Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS-INSU/IRD UM 110, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France
| | - E. Leonora
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - M. Lotze
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Loucatos
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Direction des Sciences de la Matière, Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers, Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M. Marcelin
- LAM, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - A. Margiotta
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Marinelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. A. Martínez-Mora
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - R. Mele
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - K. Melis
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T. Michael
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Migliozzi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Moussa
- Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, University Mohammed I, B.P.717, 6000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - E. Nezri
- LAM, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - M. Organokov
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G. E. Păvălaş
- Institute for Space Science, 077125, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - C. Pellegrino
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C. Perrina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Piattelli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - V. Popa
- Institute for Space Science, 077125, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - T. Pradier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - L. Quinn
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - C. Racca
- GRPHE, Université de Haute Alsace, Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, 34 rue du Grillenbreit, BP 50568, 68008 Colmar, France
| | - G. Riccobene
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - M. Saldaña
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - I. Salvadori
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - D. F. E. Samtleben
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Sanguineti
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - P. Sapienza
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - F. Schüssler
- Direction des Sciences de la Matière, Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers, Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C. Sieger
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Spurio
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Th. Stolarczyk
- Direction des Sciences de la Matière, Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers, Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M. Taiuti
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Y. Tayalati
- University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P. 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - A. Trovato
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - D. Turpin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - C. Tönnis
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - B. Vallage
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Direction des Sciences de la Matière, Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers, Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - V. Van Elewyck
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - F. Versari
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - D. Vivolo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Vizzoca
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - J. Wilms
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - J. D. Zornoza
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Zúñiga
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
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