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Severgnini M, D’Angiò M, Bungaro S, Cazzaniga G, Cifola I, Fazio G. Conjoined Genes as Common Events in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143523. [PMID: 35884588 PMCID: PMC9315513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent childhood cancer. In recent years, broad application of NGS technologies enabled the discovery of novel genomically defined ALL. In this study, as a proof-of-principle, we applied RNA-seq technology to comprehensively profile the transcriptional landscape of a collection of 10 childhood BCP-ALL cases, and performed a deep bioinformatics analysis including several publicly available datasets, in order to characterize their full spectrum of transcriptional events. The paired-end RNA sequencing of our BCP-ALL pediatric cohort revealed a total of 9001 raw fusion events, which, after filtering, resulted in 245 candidate fusions. Overall, 235 out of 245 events were intra-chromosomal fusions, among which 229 involved two contiguous or overlapping genes, also known as conjoined genes (CGs). Among them, we identified a subset of 14 CGs (6.1%) exclusively expressed in leukemic cases but neither in solid cancers nor in normal samples. These events could be suggestive of a novel mechanism of transcriptional regulation in childhood leukemia and may represent novel potential leukemia-specific biomarkers. Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent childhood cancer. For the last three decades, conventional cytogenetic and molecular approaches allowed the identification of genetic abnormalities having prognostic and therapeutic relevance. Although the current cure rate in pediatric B cell acute leukemia is approximately 90%, it remains one of the leading causes of mortality in childhood. Furthermore, in the contemporary protocols, chemotherapy intensity was raised to the maximal levels of tolerability, and further improvements in the outcome will depend on the characterization and reclassification of the disease, as well as on the development of new targeted drugs. The recent technological advances in genome-wide profiling techniques have allowed the exploration of the molecular heterogeneity of this disease, even though some potentially interesting biomarkers such as conjoined genes have not been deeply investigated yet. In the present study, we performed the transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of 10 pediatric B cell precursor (BCP)-ALL cases with different risk (four standard- and six high-risk patients) enrolled in the Italian AIEOP-BFM ALL2000 protocol, in order to characterize the full spectrum of transcriptional events and to identify novel potential genetic mechanisms sustaining their different early response to therapy. Total RNA was extracted from primary leukemic blasts and RNA-seq was performed by Illumina technology. Bioinformatics analysis focused on fusion transcripts, originated from either inter- or intra-chromosomal structural rearrangements. Starting from a raw list of 9001 candidate events, by employing a custom-made bioinformatics pipeline, we obtained a short list of 245 candidate fusions. Among them, 10 events were compatible with chromosomal translocations. Strikingly, 235/245 events were intra-chromosomal fusions, 229 of which involved two contiguous or overlapping genes, resulting in the so-called conjoined genes (CGs). To explore the specificity of these events in leukemia, we performed an extensive bioinformatics meta-analysis and evaluated the presence of the fusions identified in our 10 BCP-ALL cohort in several other publicly available RNA-seq datasets, including leukemic, solid tumor and normal sample collections. Overall, 14/229 (6.1%) CGs were found to be exclusively expressed in leukemic cases, suggesting an association between CGs and leukemia. Moreover, CGs were found to be common events both in standard- and high-risk BCP-ALL patients and it might be suggestive of a novel potential transcriptional regulation mechanism active in leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Severgnini
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20054 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Mariella D’Angiò
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
- Tettamanti Research Center, University of Milan Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Silvia Bungaro
- Ospedale San Gerardo, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
- Tettamanti Research Center, University of Milan Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-039-233-3661
| | - Ingrid Cifola
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20054 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Tettamanti Research Center, University of Milan Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
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2
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Fontana D, Ramazzotti D, Aroldi A, Redaelli S, Magistroni V, Pirola A, Niro A, Massimino L, Mastini C, Brambilla V, Bombelli S, Bungaro S, Morotti A, Rea D, Stagno F, Martino B, Campiotti L, Caocci G, Usala E, Merli M, Onida F, Bregni M, Elli EM, Fumagalli M, Ciceri F, Perego RA, Pagni F, Mologni L, Piazza R, Gambacorti-Passerini C. Integrated Genomic, Functional, and Prognostic Characterization of Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e497. [PMID: 33196013 PMCID: PMC7655091 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) is a BCR-ABL1-negative clonal disorder, which belongs to the myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative group. This disease is characterized by recurrent somatic mutations in SETBP1, ASXL1 and ETNK1 genes, as well as high genetic heterogeneity, thus posing a great therapeutic challenge. To provide a comprehensive genomic characterization of aCML we applied a high-throughput sequencing strategy to 43 aCML samples, including both whole-exome and RNA-sequencing data. Our dataset identifies ASXL1, SETBP1, and ETNK1 as the most frequently mutated genes with a total of 43.2%, 29.7 and 16.2%, respectively. We characterized the clonal architecture of 7 aCML patients by means of colony assays and targeted resequencing. The results indicate that ETNK1 variants occur early in the clonal evolution history of aCML, while SETBP1 mutations often represent a late event. The presence of actionable mutations conferred both ex vivo and in vivo sensitivity to specific inhibitors with evidence of strong in vitro synergism in case of multiple targeting. In one patient, a clinical response was obtained. Stratification based on RNA-sequencing identified two different populations in terms of overall survival, and differential gene expression analysis identified 38 significantly overexpressed genes in the worse outcome group. Three genes correctly classified patients for overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Fontana
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniele Ramazzotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Aroldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Redaelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Vera Magistroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Niro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Mastini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Virginia Brambilla
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milano - Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Bungaro
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Pediatria, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Delphine Rea
- Service d'Hématologie adulte, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, A.O.U. Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Bruno Martino
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera 'Bianchi Melacrino Morelli', Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Leonardo Campiotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caocci
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emilio Usala
- Hematology Unit, Ospedale Oncologico A. Businco, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Merli
- Hematology, University Hospital Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Onida
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bregni
- Oncology-Hematology Unit, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Elli
- Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Monica Fumagalli
- Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto A Perego
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milano - Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Mologni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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Cazzaniga G, Bisanti L, Randi G, Deandrea S, Bungaro S, Pregliasco F, Perotti D, Spreafico F, Masera G, Valsecchi MG, Biondi A, Greaves M. Possible role of pandemic AH1N1 swine flu virus in a childhood leukemia cluster. Leukemia 2017; 31:1819-1821. [PMID: 28446785 PMCID: PMC5542028 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Luigi Bisanti
- Servizio di Epidemiologia, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Randi
- Servizio di Epidemiologia, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Deandrea
- Servizio di Epidemiologia, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Bungaro
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pregliasco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute - Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Perotti
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano
| | - Filippo Spreafico
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hematology and Pediatric Onco-Hematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Masera
- Clinica Pediatrica Università di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Clinica Pediatrica Università di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Mel Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Salmoiraghi S, Montalvo MLG, Ubiali G, Tosi M, Peruta B, Zanghi P, Oldani E, Boschini C, Kohlmann A, Bungaro S, Intermesoli T, Terruzzi E, Angelucci E, Cavattoni I, Ciceri F, Bassan R, Rambaldi A, Spinelli O. Mutations of TP53 gene in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis do not affect the achievement of hematologic response but correlate with early relapse and very poor survival. Haematologica 2016; 101:e245-8. [PMID: 26992948 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.137059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Salmoiraghi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Greta Ubiali
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Manuela Tosi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Barbara Peruta
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Pamela Zanghi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Elena Oldani
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Cristina Boschini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alexander Kohlmann
- Personalized Healthcare and Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Bungaro
- Centro Ricerche Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Tamara Intermesoli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Terruzzi
- Divisione di Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo Osseo, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuele Angelucci
- Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, Ospedale Oncologico di Riferimento Regionale "Armando Businco", Azienda Ospedaliera "Brotzu", Cagliari, Italy
| | - Irene Cavattoni
- Ematologia e Centro Trapianti di Midollo Osseo, Ospedale Centrale, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Hematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Renato Bassan
- Hematology, Ospedale dell'Angelo, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, University of Milan, Italy Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Orietta Spinelli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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Cifola I, Severgnini M, Fazio G, Bungaro S, Biondi A, Cazzaniga G, De Bellis G. 419: Next-generation sequencing to dissect transcriptome complexity of childhood ALL and of different therapy response. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Casolaro A, Golay J, Albanese C, Ceruti R, Patton V, Cribioli S, Pezzoni A, Losa M, Texido G, Giussani U, Marchesi F, Amboldi N, Valsasina B, Bungaro S, Cazzaniga G, Rambaldi A, Introna M, Pesenti E, Alzani R. The Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor NMS-P937 is effective in a new model of disseminated primary CD56+ acute monoblastic leukaemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58424. [PMID: 23520509 PMCID: PMC3592825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD56 is expressed in 15-20% of acute myeloid leukaemias (AML) and is associated with extramedullary diffusion, multidrug resistance and poor prognosis. We describe the establishment and characterisation of a novel disseminated model of AML (AML-NS8), generated by injection into mice of leukaemic blasts freshly isolated from a patient with an aggressive CD56(+) monoblastic AML (M5a). The model reproduced typical manifestations of this leukaemia, including presence of extramedullary masses and central nervous system involvement, and the original phenotype, karyotype and genotype of leukaemic cells were retained in vivo. Recently Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) has emerged as a new candidate drug target in AML. We therefore tested our PLK1 inhibitor NMS-P937 in this model either in the engraftment or in the established disease settings. Both schedules showed good efficacy compared to standard therapies, with a significant increase in median survival time (MST) expecially in the established disease setting (MST = 28, 36, 62 days for vehicle, cytarabine and NMS-P937, respectively). Importantly, we could also demonstrate that NMS-P937 induced specific biomarker modulation in extramedullary tissues. This new in vivo model of CD56(+) AML that recapitulates the human tumour lends support for the therapeutic use of PLK1 inhibitors in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- CD56 Antigen
- Cell Cycle Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Polo-Like Kinase 1
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josee Golay
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, USC Haematology, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Clara Albanese
- Oncology, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Nerviano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Ceruti
- Oncology, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Nerviano, Milano, Italy
| | - Veronica Patton
- Oncology, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Nerviano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alice Pezzoni
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Losa
- Pathology, Fondazione Filarete, Milano, Italy
| | - Gemma Texido
- Oncology, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Nerviano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ursula Giussani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Amboldi
- Oncology, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Nerviano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Bungaro
- Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano–Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gianni Cazzaniga
- Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano–Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, USC Haematology, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, USC Haematology, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Enrico Pesenti
- Oncology, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Nerviano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rachele Alzani
- Oncology, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Nerviano, Milano, Italy
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Villa N, Bentivegna A, Ertel A, Redaelli S, Colombo C, Nacinovich R, Broggi F, Lissoni S, Bungaro S, Addya S, Fortina P, Dalprà L. A de novo supernumerary genomic discontinuous ring chromosome 21 in a child with mild intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1425-31. [PMID: 21574245 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are structurally abnormal extra chromosomes that cannot be unambiguously identified or characterized by conventional banding techniques alone, and they are generally equal in size or smaller than chromosome 20 of the same metaphase spread. Small supernumerary ring chromosomes (sSRCs), a smaller class of marker chromosomes, comprise about 10% of the cases. For various reasons these marker chromosomes have been the most difficult to characterize; although specific syndromes have not yet been defined, 60% of cases are associated with an abnormal phenotype. The chromosomal material involved, the degree and tissutal distribution of mosaicism, and the possible presence of uniparental disomy, are the important factors determining whether or not the ring chromosome will give rise to symptoms. Using conventional and molecular cytogenetics approaches we identified a de novo chromosome 21 sSRC in a child with speech delay and mild intellectual disability. By using aCGH analysis and SNP arrays, we report the presence of two discontinuous regions of chromosome 21 and the paternal origin of the sSRC. A thorough neuropsychiatric evaluation is also provided. Only few other cases of complex discontinuous ring chromosomes have been described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Villa
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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Bardini M, Galbiati M, Lettieri A, Bungaro S, Gorletta TA, Biondi A, Cazzaniga G. Implementation of array based whole-genome high-resolution technologies confirms the absence of secondary copy-number alterations in MLL-AF4-positive infant ALL patients. Leukemia 2010; 25:175-8. [PMID: 20944671 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Bardini M, Spinelli R, Bungaro S, Mangano E, Corral L, Cifola I, Fazio G, Giordan M, Basso G, De Rossi G, Biondi A, Battaglia C, Cazzaniga G. DNA copy-number abnormalities do not occur in infant ALL with t(4;11)/MLL-AF4. Leukemia 2009; 24:169-76. [PMID: 19907438 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is still not well defined. Short latency to leukemia and very high concordance rate for ALL in Mixed-Lineage Leukemia (MLL)-positive infant twins suggest that the MLL rearrangement itself could be sufficient for overt leukemia. Attempts to generate a suitable mouse model for MLL-AF4-positive ALL did not thoroughly resolve the issue of whether cooperating mutations are required to reduce latency and to generate overt leukemia in vivo. In this study, we applied single-nucleotide polymorphism array technology to perform genomic profiling of 28 infant ALL cases carrying t(4;11) to detect MLL-cooperating aberrations hidden to conventional techniques and to gain new insights into infant ALL pathogenesis. In contrast to pediatric, adolescent and adult ALL cases, the MLL rearrangement in infant ALL is associated with an exceptionally low frequency of copy-number abnormalities, thus confirming the unique nature of this disease. By contrast, additional genetic aberrations are acquired at disease relapse. Small-segmental uniparental disomy traits were frequently detected, mostly constitutional, and widely distributed throughout the genome. It can be argued that the MLL rearrangement as a first hit, rather than inducing the acquisition of additional genetic lesions, has a major role to drive and hasten the onset of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bardini
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Univ. Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi, 33, 20052 Monza, Italy.
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10
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Emerenciano M, Bungaro S, Cazzaniga G, Dorea MDF, Coser VM, Magalhães IQ, Biondi A, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS. ETV6–RUNX1 fusion gene and additional genetic changes in infant leukemia: a genome-wide analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 193:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Bungaro S, Dell'Orto MC, Zangrando A, Basso D, Gorletta T, Lo Nigro L, Leszl A, Young BD, Basso G, Bicciato S, Biondi A, te Kronnie G, Cazzaniga G. Integration of genomic and gene expression data of childhood ALL without known aberrations identifies subgroups with specific genetic hallmarks. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009; 48:22-38. [PMID: 18803328 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises genetically distinct subtypes. However, 25% of cases still lack defined genetic hallmarks. To identify genomic aberrancies in childhood ALL patients nonclassifiable by conventional methods, we performed a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) array-based genomic analysis of leukemic cells from 29 cases. The vast majority of cases analyzed (19/24, 79%) showed genomic abnormalities; at least one of them affected either genes involved in cell cycle regulation or in B-cell development. The most relevant abnormalities were CDKN2A/9p21 deletions (7/24, 29%), ETV6 (TEL)/12p13 deletions (3/24, 12%), and intrachromosomal amplifications of chromosome 21 (iAMP21) (3/24, 12%). To identify variation in expression of genes directly or indirectly affected by recurrent genomic alterations, we integrated genomic and gene expression data generated by microarray analyses of the same samples. SMAD1 emerged as a down-regulated gene in CDKN2A homozygous deleted cases compared with nondeleted. The JAG1 gene, encoding the Jagged 1 ligand of the Notch receptor, was among a list of differentially expressed (up-regulated) genes in ETV6-deleted cases. Our findings demonstrate that integration of genomic analysis and gene expression profiling can identify genetic lesions undetected by routine methods and potential novel pathways involved in B-progenitor ALL pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bungaro
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
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Bungaro S, Irving J, Tussiwand R, Mura R, Minto L, Molteni C, Citterio M, Hall A, Biondi A, Cazzaniga G. Genomic analysis of different clonal evolution in a twin pair with t(12;21) positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia sharing the same prenatal clone. Leukemia 2007; 22:208-11. [PMID: 17914410 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bungaro S, Raghavan M, Dell'Oro MG, Paolucci P, Young BD, Biondi A, Cazzaniga G. Assessment of submicroscopic genetic lesions by single nucleotide polymorphism arrays in a child with acute myeloid leukemia and FLT3-internal tandem duplication. Haematologica 2006; 91:998-1000. [PMID: 16757411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The same FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) positive clone was detected at diagnosis and relapse, but not at birth, in a child with M1 acute myeloid leukemia. Single nucleotide polymorphism arrays demonstrated that chromosome 13 acquired uniparental disomy, in association with del(9q), represented a progressive event in the course of the disease, and it was responsible for the homozygous FLT3-ITD at relapse.
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Piazza RG, Magistroni V, Andreoni F, Franceschino A, Tornaghi L, Varella-Garcia M, Bungaro S, Colnaghi F, Corneo G, Pogliani EM, Gambacorti-Passerini C. Imatinib dose increase up to 1200 mg daily can induce new durable complete cytogenetic remissions in relapsed Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Leukemia 2005; 19:1985-7. [PMID: 16121215 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gambacorti-Passerini C, Zucchetti M, Russo D, Frapolli R, Verga M, Bungaro S, Tornaghi L, Rossi F, Pioltelli P, Pogliani E, Alberti D, Corneo G, D'Incalci M. Alpha1 acid glycoprotein binds to imatinib (STI571) and substantially alters its pharmacokinetics in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9:625-32. [PMID: 12576428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Imatinib (Glivec) is a potent inhibitor of bcr/abl, an oncogenic fusion protein that causes chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). alpha1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) binds to imatinib with high affinity and inhibits imatinib activity in vitro and in vivo in an animal model. A pharmacokinetics analysis of imatinib was undertaken in CML patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Imatinib plasma concentrations were measured in 19 CML patients treated with imatinib (400 or 600 mg/day). Five patients received a concomitant short-term course of clindamycin (CLI). RESULTS A positive correlation between AGP and imatinib plasma levels was observed. CLI administration decreased imatinib plasma concentrations, evaluated as area under the curve (AUC) and peak concentrations (C(max)). The effects of a bolus of CLI was studied in three patients on imatinib 23 h after the last imatinib dose. Within 5-10 min in three of three cases, CLI caused a decrease in imatinib plasma concentrations of 2.6-, 2.7-, and 4.7-fold, respectively. In vitro experiments using fresh blasts from CML patients showed that AGP, at concentrations observed in the patients, decreased imatinib intracellular concentrations up to 10 times and blocked imatinib activity. The incubation with CLI restored imatinib intracellular concentrations and biological activity. CONCLUSION AGP exerts significant effects of the pharmacokinetics, plasma concentrations, and intracellular distribution of imatinib in CML patients; these data indicate that plasma imatinib levels represent unreliable indicators of the cellular concentrations of this molecule.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/blood
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Area Under Curve
- Benzamides
- Blast Crisis
- Cell Division
- Female
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Orosomucoid/metabolism
- Piperazines/blood
- Piperazines/pharmacokinetics
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Binding
- Pyrimidines/blood
- Pyrimidines/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Thymidine/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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16
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Gambacorti-Passerini CB, Rossi F, Verga M, Ruchatz H, Gunby R, Frapolli R, Zucchetti M, Scapozza L, Bungaro S, Tornaghi L, Rossi F, Pioltelli P, Pogliani E, D'Incalci M, Corneo G. Differences between in vivo and in vitro sensitivity to imatinib of Bcr/Abl+ cells obtained from leukemic patients. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2002; 28:361-72. [PMID: 12367580 DOI: 10.1006/bcmd.2002.0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (imatinib) inhibits Bcr/Abl, an oncogenic fusion protein. The in vitro effects of imatinib on BCR/ABL+ leukemic cells include inhibition of Bcr/Abl tyrosine phosphorylation, block of proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. The in vivo effects of imatinib were evaluated in 12 CML (chronic myeloid leukemia) patients in blast crisis or accelerated phase who were treated with imatinib. Treatment caused a decrease in spontaneous proliferation of leukemic cells in 10 of 12 evaluable patients and the development of apoptosis in 9 of 11 cases. Imatinib also caused an inhibition of Bcr/Abl autophosphorylation; however, the degree of inhibition obtained in vivo was substantially lower than that achieved in vitro with similar concentrations of imatinib. In seven patients cells could be evaluated at relapse: spontaneous proliferation was no longer inhibited and Bcr/Abl phosphorylation was comparable or superior to that present at the beginning of treatment, before imatinib administration. Plasma imatinib concentrations were not reduced. Leukemic cells obtained at relapse maintained in vitro sensitivity (Bcr/Abl autophosphorylation and proliferation inhibition) to imatinib concentration measured in vivo (3 microM or higher), although a partial resistance to the antiproliferative effects of imatinib was present at low (0.01-0.3 microM) concentrations. In four patients, addition of erythromycin to blood samples obtained at relapse restored imatinib sensitivity in terms of phosphorylation inhibition, indicating that the majority of plasma imatinib was not available to cells and probably bound to alpha1 acid glycoprotein. These data suggest that measurements of Bcr/Abl kinase activity in peripheral blood samples may represent a more reliable indicator of active concentrations than the measurement of imatinib plasma levels.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides
- Blast Crisis/blood
- Blast Crisis/drug therapy
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Blood Cells/drug effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Recurrence
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