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Li H, Zhu J, Liu X, Liu L, Huang S, Wu A, Xu Z, Zhang X, Li Z, Ni F, Liu L, Dong J. Glioma stem cell-derived exosomes induce the transformation of astrocytes via the miR-3065-5p/DLG2 signaling axis. Glia 2024; 72:857-871. [PMID: 38234042 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated astrocytes (TAAs) in the glioblastoma microenvironment play an important role in tumor development and malignant progression initiated by glioma stem cells (GSCs). In the current study, normal human astrocytes (NHAs) were cultured and continuously treated with GSC-derived exosomes (GSC-EXOs) induction to explore the mechanism by which GSCs affect astrocyte remodeling. This study revealed that GSC-EXOs can induce the transformation of NHAs into TAAs, with relatively swollen cell bodies and multiple extended processes. In addition, high proliferation, elevated resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), and increased expression of TAA-related markers (TGF-β, CD44, and tenascin-C) were observed in the TAAs. Furthermore, GSC-derived exosomal miR-3065-5p could be delivered to NHAs, and miR-3065-5p levels increased significantly in TAAs, as verified by miRNA expression profile sequencing and Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Overexpression of miR-3065-5p also enhanced NHA proliferation, elevated resistance to TMZ, and increased the expression levels of TAA-related markers. In addition, both GSC-EXO-induced and miR-3065-5p-overexpressing NHAs promoted tumorigenesis of GSCs in vivo. Discs Large Homolog 2 (DLG2, downregulated in glioblastoma) is a direct downstream target of miR-3065-5p in TAAs, and DLG2 overexpression could partially reverse the transformation of NHAs into TAAs. Collectively, these data demonstrate that GSC-EXOs induce the transformation of NHAs into TAAs via the miR-3065-5p/DLG2 signaling axis and that TAAs can further promote the tumorigenesis of GSCs. Thus, precisely blocking the interactions between astrocytes and GSCs via exosomes may be a novel strategy to inhibit glioblastoma development, but more in-depth mechanistic studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinglei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shilu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Anyi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaopei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zengyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fan Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Song Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Han X, Shi M, Xu L, Yu J, Zhang L, Han S. SPI1 activates TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling through transcriptional upregulation of FKBP12 to support the mesenchymal phenotype of glioma stem cells. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13217. [PMID: 37865975 PMCID: PMC11007049 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) exhibit diverse molecular subtypes with the mesenchymal (MES) population representing the most malignant variant. The oncogenic potential of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1), an oncogenic transcription factor, has been established across various human malignancies. In this study, we explored the association between the SPI1 pathway and the MES GSC phenotype. Through comprehensive analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas glioma databases, along with patient-derived GSC cultures, we analyzed SPI1 expression. Using genetic knockdown and overexpression techniques, we assessed the functional impact of SPI1 on GSC MES marker expression, invasion, proliferation, self-renewal, and sensitivity to radiation in vitro, as well as its influence on tumor formation in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the downstream signaling cascades activated by SPI1. Our findings revealed a positive correlation between elevated SPI1 expression and the MES phenotype, which in turn, correlated with poor survival. SPI1 enhanced GSC MES differentiation, self-renewal, and radioresistance in vitro, promoting tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, SPI1 augmented the transcriptional activity of both TGF-β1 and FKBP12 while activating the non-canonical PI3K/Akt pathway. Notably, inhibition of TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling partially attenuated SPI1-induced GSC MES differentiation and its associated malignant phenotype. Collectively, our results underscore SPI1's role in activating TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling through transcriptional upregulation of FKBP12, thereby supporting the aggressive MES phenotype of GSCs. Therefore, SPI1 emerges as a potential therapeutic target in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Song
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yaochuan Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiaodi Han
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Mengwu Shi
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncologythe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Juanhan Yu
- Department of PathologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Sheng Han
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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Zhang J, Liu B, Xu C, Ji C, Yin A, Liu Y, Yao Y, Li B, Chen T, Shen L, Wu Y. Cholesterol homeostasis confers glioma malignancy triggered by hnRNPA2B1-dependent regulation of SREBP2 and LDLR. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:684-700. [PMID: 38070488 PMCID: PMC10995519 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism is a significant characteristic of glioma, yet the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been implicated in promoting tumor development and progression. The aim of this study was to determine the key m6A regulatory proteins involved in the progression of glioma, which is potentially associated with the reprogramming of cholesterol homeostasis. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine the association of m6A modification with glioma malignancy from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression datasets. Glioma stem cell (GSC) self-renewal was determined by tumor sphere formation and bioluminescence image assay. RNA sequencing and lipidomic analysis were performed for cholesterol homeostasis analysis. RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay were performed to determine hnRNPA2B1-dependent regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mRNA. The methylation status of hnRNPA2B1 promoter was determined by bioinformatic analysis and methylation-specific PCR assay. RESULTS Among the m6A-regulatory proteins, hnRNPA2B1 was demonstrated the most important independent prognostic risk factor for glioma. hnRNPA2B1 ablation exhibited a significant tumor-suppressive effect on glioma cell proliferation, GSC self-renewal and tumorigenesis. hnRNPA2B1 triggers de novo cholesterol synthesis by inducing HMGCR through the stabilization of SREBP2 mRNA. m6A modification of SREBP2 or LDLR mRNA is required for hnRNPA2B1-mediated mRNA stability. The hypomethylation of cg21815882 site on hnRNPA2B1 promoter confers elevated expression of hnRNPA2B1 in glioma tissues. The combination of targeting hnRNPA2B1 and cholesterol metabolism exhibited remarkable antitumor effects, suggesting valuable clinical implications for glioma treatment. CONCLUSIONS hnRNPA2B1 facilitates cholesterol uptake and de novo synthesis, thereby contributing to glioma stemness and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Aerospace Hygiene, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Changwei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenchen Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Anan Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Aerospace Hygiene, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tangdong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Kim HJ, Batara DC, Jeon YJ, Lee S, Beck S, Kim SH. The impact of MEIS1 TALE homeodomain transcription factor knockdown on glioma stem cell growth. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:93-109. [PMID: 38487309 PMCID: PMC10939110 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2024.2327340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloid ecotropic virus insertion site 1 (MEIS1) is a HOX co-factor necessary for organ development and normal hematopoiesis. Recently, MEIS1 has been linked to the development and progression of various cancers. However, its role in gliomagenesis particularly on glioma stem cells (GSCs) remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that MEIS1 is highly upregulated in GSCs compared to normal, and glioma cells and to its differentiated counterparts. Inhibition of MEIS1 expression by shRNA significantly reduced GSC growth in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. On the other hand, integrated transcriptomics analyses of glioma datasets revealed that MEIS1 expression is correlated to cell cycle-related genes. Clinical data analysis revealed that MEIS1 expression is elevated in high-grade gliomas, and patients with high MEIS1 levels have poorer overall survival outcomes. The findings suggest that MEIS1 is a prognostic biomarker for glioma patients and a possible target for developing novel therapeutic strategies against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Kim
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Don Carlo Batara
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel Beck
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Aging Research, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Wei Y, Geng S, Si Y, Yang Y, Chen Q, Huang S, Chen X, Xu W, Liu Y, Jiang J. The Interaction between Collagen 1 and High Mannose Type CD133 Up-Regulates Glutamine Transporter SLC1A5 to Promote the Tumorigenesis of Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306715. [PMID: 37997289 PMCID: PMC10797482 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the niche components surrounding glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) helps to develop more effective glioblastoma treatments. However, the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between GSCs and microenvironment remain largely unknown. Clarifying the extracellular molecules binding to GSCs marker CD133 helps to elucidate the mechanism of the communication between GSCs and the microenvironment. Here, it is found that the extracellular domain of high mannose type CD133 physically interacts with Collagen 1 (COL1) in GSCs. COL1, mainly secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts, is a niche component for GSCs. COL1 enhances the interaction between CD133 and p85 and activates Akt phosphorylation. Activation of Akt pathway increases transcription factor ATF4 protein level, subsequently enhances SLC1A5-dependent glutamine uptake and glutathione synthesis. The inhibition of CD133-COL1 interaction or down-regulation of SLC1A5 reduces COL1-accelerated GSCs self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Analysis of glioma samples reveals that the level of COL1 is correlated with histopathological grade of glioma and the expression of SLC1A5. Collectively, COL1, a niche component for GSCs, enhances the tumorigenesis of GSCs partially through CD133-Akt-SLC1A5 signaling axis, providing a new mechanism underlying the cross-talk between GSCs and extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyan Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Shuting Geng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Yu Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Yuerong Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Qihang Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Sijing Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Division of NeurosurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Yinchao Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryProvincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong250021P. R. China
| | - Jianhai Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
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Wu Q, Berglund AE, Macaulay RJ, Etame AB. Epigenetic Activation of TUSC3 Sensitizes Glioblastoma to Temozolomide Independent of MGMT Promoter Methylation Status. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15179. [PMID: 37894860 PMCID: PMC10606804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an important first-line treatment for glioblastoma (GBM), but there are limitations to TMZ response in terms of durability and dependence on the promoter methylation status of the DNA repair gene O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). MGMT-promoter-hypermethylated (MGMT-M) GBMs are more sensitive to TMZ than MGMT-promoter-hypomethylated (MGMT-UM) GBMs. Moreover, TMZ resistance is inevitable even in TMZ-sensitive MGMT-M GBMs. Hence, epigenetic reprogramming strategies are desperately needed in order to enhance TMZ response in both MGMT-M and MGMT-UM GBMs. In this study, we present novel evidence that the epigenetic reactivation of Tumor Suppressor Candidate 3 (TUSC3) can reprogram sensitivity of GBM stem cells (GSCs) to TMZ irrespective of MGMT promoter methylation status. Interrogation of TCGA patient GBM datasets confirmed TUSC3 promoter regulation of TUSC3 expression and also revealed a strong positive correlation between TUSC3 expression and GBM patient survival. Using a combination of loss-of-function, gain-of-function and rescue studies, we demonstrate that TUSC3 reactivation is associated with enhanced TMZ response in both MGMT-M and MGMT-UM GSCs. Further, we provide novel evidence that the demethylating agent 5-Azacitidine (5-Aza) reactivates TUSC3 expression in MGMT-M GSCs, whereas the combination of 5-Aza and MGMT inhibitor Lomeguatrib is necessary for TUSC3 reactivation in MGMT-UM GSCs. Lastly, we propose a pharmacological epigenetic reactivation strategy involving TUSC3 that leads to significantly prolonged survival in MGMT-M and MGMT-UM orthotopic GSCs models. Collectively, our findings provide a framework and rationale to further explore TUSC3-mediated epigenetic reprogramming strategies that could enhance TMZ sensitivity and outcomes in GBM. Mechanistic and translational evidence gained from such studies could contribute towards optimal design of impactful trials for MGMT-UM GBMs that currently do not have good treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Anders E. Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Robert J. Macaulay
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Arnold B. Etame
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Liu G, Zhang P, Chen S, Chen Z, Qiu Y, Peng P, Huang W, Cheng F, Zhang Y, Li H, Xiao Q, Mao F, Wang B, Jiang X, Wan F, Guo D, Yu X. FAM129A promotes self-renewal and maintains invasive status via stabilizing the Notch intracellular domain in glioma stem cells. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1788-1801. [PMID: 37083136 PMCID: PMC10547521 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells with self-renewal and tumorigenic capabilities in glioblastomas (GBMs). Diffuse infiltration of GSCs facilitates tumor progression and frustrates efforts at effective treatment. Further compounding this situation is the currently limited understanding of what drives GSC invasion. Here we comprehensively evaluated the significance of a novel invasion-related protein, Family with Sequence Similarity 129 Member A (FAM129A), in infiltrative GSCs. METHODS Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis were used to quantify FAM129A in glioma specimens and cancer datasets. Overexpression and knockdown of FAM129A in GSCs were used to investigate its effects on tumor growth and invasion. RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and co-precipitation assays were used to investigate FAM129A signaling mechanisms. RESULTS FAM129A is preferentially expressed in invasive frontiers. Targeting FAM129A impairs GSC invasion and self-renewal. Mechanistically, FAM129A acted as a positive regulator of Notch signaling by binding with the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1) and preventing its degradation. CONCLUSIONS FAM129A and NICD1 provide a precise indicator for identifying tumor margins and aiding prognosis. Targeting them may provide a significantly therapeutic strategy for GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Po Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zirong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanmei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital to Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Wenda Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangling Cheng
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qungen Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Batara DC, Park SW, Kim HJ, Choi SY, Ohn T, Choi MC, Park SI, Kim SH. Targeting the multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 gene (SLC47A1) sensitizes glioma stem cells to temozolomide. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4021-4038. [PMID: 37818053 PMCID: PMC10560943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor, with an extremely poor prognosis due to resistance to standard-of-care treatments. Strong evidence suggests that the small population of glioma stem cells (GSCs) contributes to the aggressiveness of GBM. One of the mechanisms that promote GSC progression is the dysregulation of membrane transporters, which mediate the influx and efflux of substances to maintain cellular homeostasis. Here, we investigated the role of multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter gene SLC47A1 in GSCs. Results show that SLC47A1 is highly expressed in GSCs compared to non-stem cell glioma cells, and non-tumor cells. Additionally, in-silico analysis of public datasets showed that high SLC47A1 expression is linked to malignancy and a poor prognosis in glioma patients. Further, SLC47A1 expression is correlated with important biological processes and signaling pathways that support tumor growth. Meanwhile, silencing SLC47A1 by short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) influenced cell viability and self-renewal activity in GSCs. Interestingly, SLC47A1 shRNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition potentiates the effect of temozolomide (TMZ) in GSC cells. The findings suggest that SLC47A1 could serve as a useful therapeutic target for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Carlo Batara
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sang Wook Park
- Deprtment of Landscape Architecture, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Su-Young Choi
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186, South Korea
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd.Naju 58205, South Korea
| | - Takbum Ohn
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186, South Korea
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Inoue A, Ohnishi T, Nishikawa M, Watanabe H, Kusakabe K, Taniwaki M, Yano H, Ohtsuka Y, Matsumoto S, Suehiro S, Yamashita D, Shigekawa S, Takahashi H, Kitazawa R, Tanaka J, Kunieda T. Identification of CD44 as a Reliable Biomarker for Glioblastoma Invasion: Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Fluorescence. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2369. [PMID: 37760811 PMCID: PMC10525185 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is largely attributed to peritumoral infiltration of tumor cells. As higher CD44 expression in the tumor periphery correlates with higher risk of GBM invasion, the present study analyzed the relationship between CD44 expression and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based invasiveness of GBM on a large scale. We also quantitatively evaluated GBM invasion using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) spectroscopy to investigate the relationship between CD44 expression and tumor invasiveness as evaluated by intraoperative 5-ALA intensity. Based on MRI, GBM was classified as high-invasive type in 28 patients and low-invasive type in 22 patients. High-invasive type expressed CD44 at a significantly higher level than low-invasive type and was associated with worse survival. To quantitatively analyze GBM invasiveness, the relationship between tumor density in the peritumoral area and the spectroscopic intensity of 5-ALA was investigated. Spectroscopy showed that the 5-ALA intensity of infiltrating tumor cells correlated with tumor density as represented by the Ki-67 staining index. No significant correlation between CD44 and degree of 5-ALA-based invasiveness of GBM was found, but invasiveness of GBM as evaluated by 5-ALA matched the classification from MRI in all except one case, indicating that CD44 expression at the GBM periphery could provide a reliable biomarker for invasiveness in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (M.N.); (H.W.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (D.Y.); (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Takanori Ohnishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washoukai Sadamoto Hospital, 1-6-1 Takehara, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-0052, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Nishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (M.N.); (H.W.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (D.Y.); (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Hideaki Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (M.N.); (H.W.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (D.Y.); (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Kosuke Kusakabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (M.N.); (H.W.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (D.Y.); (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Mashio Taniwaki
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (M.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (H.Y.); (J.T.)
| | - Yoshihiro Ohtsuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (M.N.); (H.W.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (D.Y.); (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Shirabe Matsumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (M.N.); (H.W.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (D.Y.); (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Satoshi Suehiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (M.N.); (H.W.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (D.Y.); (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Daisuke Yamashita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (M.N.); (H.W.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (D.Y.); (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Seiji Shigekawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (M.N.); (H.W.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (D.Y.); (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Hisaaki Takahashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1181, Japan;
| | - Riko Kitazawa
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (M.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (H.Y.); (J.T.)
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (M.N.); (H.W.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (D.Y.); (S.S.); (T.K.)
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Qin Z, Liang W, Zhang Z, Li P, Wang T, Chen Q, Guo B, Zhong Y, Kang H, Wang L. Activated KRAS reprograms neural progenitor cells to glioma stem cell‑like phenotype. Int J Oncol 2023; 63:88. [PMID: 37326110 PMCID: PMC10552691 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are the origin of gliomagenesis and may develop from normal neural progenitor cells (NPCs). However, how neoplastic transformation occurs in normal NPCs and the role of the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway in NPC transformation is unclear. The present study generated NPCs from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) carrying gene alterations in the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway. The CCK‑8 proliferation, single‑cell clonal expansion, cell migration, RT‑qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, transcriptome and Seahorse analyses, and intracranial implantation assay were performed to identify the characterization of transformed NPCs in vitro and in vivo. Brain organoids were used to verify the phenotypes transforming in NPCs. KRAS‑activated NPCs exhibited increased proliferation and migration in vitro. KRAS‑activated NPCs showed atypical morphology and formed aggressive tumors in immunodeficient mice. At the molecular level, KRAS‑activated NPCs displayed neoplasm‑associated metabolic and gene expression profiles. Moreover, activation of KRAS led to substantial cell proliferation and abnormal structure in ESC‑derived brain organoids. The present study showed that activated KRAS transformed normal NPCs to GSC‑like cells and established a simple cellular model to investigate gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Weiye Liang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Qianyu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Baoyin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Hui Kang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
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Xu C, Yuan X, Hou P, Li Z, Wang C, Fang C, Tan Y. Development of glioblastoma organoids and their applications in personalized therapy. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0061. [PMID: 37283493 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the brain tumors with the highest malignancy and poorest prognoses. GBM is characterized by high heterogeneity and resistance to drug treatment. Organoids are 3-dimensional cultures that are constructed in vitro and comprise cell types highly similar to those in organs or tissues in vivo, thus simulating specific structures and physiological functions of organs. Organoids have been technically developed into an advanced ex vivo disease model used in basic and preclinical research on tumors. Brain organoids, which simulate the brain microenvironment while preserving tumor heterogeneity, have been used to predict patients' therapeutic responses to antitumor drugs, thus enabling a breakthrough in glioma research. GBM organoids provide an effective supplementary model that reflects human tumors' biological characteristics and functions in vitro more directly and accurately than traditional experimental models. Therefore, GBM organoids are widely applicable in disease mechanism research, drug development and screening, and glioma precision treatments. This review focuses on the development of various GBM organoid models and their applications in identifying new individualized therapies against drug-resistant GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
| | - Xiaoye Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
| | - Pengyu Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
| | - Ziru Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
| | - Changsheng Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
| | - Chuan Fang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
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12
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Fang Z, Kong F, Zeng J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Duan J, Chen L, Wang J, Liu F. Integrated analysis based on vesicle trafficking-related genes identifying CNIH4 as a novel therapeutic target for glioma. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37062068 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vesicle trafficking is a highly important process in numerous human diseases, especially in the central nervous system dysfunctions. However, as a key component of vesicle trafficking-related genes (VRGs), Cornichon family AMPA receptor auxiliary protein 4 (CNIH4) has not been systematically elucidated in glioma so far. METHODS Differentially expressed VRGs were selected using molecular signatures database (MSigDB), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) mRNA expression profiles. Further exploration of CNIH4 was determined using LASSO-Cox regression algorithms. Then Kaplan-Meier (K-M) plotter, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized to assess the independent significance of CNIH4 in the CGGA validation cohort. Functional exploration was performed with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and then verified using a series of functional experiments in glioma cells. Finally, the consensus clustering algorithm was applied to identify clusters in glioma samples. After that, differences in prognosis, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and therapy response were evaluated between clusters. RESULTS CNIH4 was shown to be overexpressed in malignant glioma variants and was frequently observed in GCSs and TMZ-resistant cell lines. Higher CNIH4 levels were significantly related to poor outcomes and positively correlated with adverse clinicopathological characteristics. Survival analyses revealed CNIH4 as an independent risk factor that outperformed traditional measures. Enrichment analysis indicated that overactive CNIH4 significantly gathered in stem cell processes. Furthermore, functional assays of silencing CNIH4 expression suppressed stem cell-like properties in vitro and inhibited tumorigenicity in vivo. Finally, the CNIH4-enriched subgroup negatively modulated immunotherapeutic response and reflected lower chemotherapy sensitivity for glioma patients. CONCLUSION Our study identified CNIH4 as a potential VRG that regulates tumor stemness, microenvironment immunity, and chemotherapy sensitivity. It may serve as a novel prognostic factor and a promising target against glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangen Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajia Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jikai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Liu Y, Chen P, Xu L, Wang B, Zhang S, Wang X. GALNT2 sustains glioma stem cells by promoting CD44 expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2208-2220. [PMID: 37000153 PMCID: PMC10085609 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and malignant brain tumor and is highly resistant to currently available treatment. In this study, we reveal that polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5 (GALNT2) expression level was elevated in GBM, IDH1 wildtype glioma, and GBM stem cells (GSCs). GALNT2 increased expression correlated with GBM patients' unfavorable clinical outcomes. Functionally, targeting GALNT2 blocks GSCs cell proliferation, self-renewal, and malignant invasion through repressing CD44 expression. Most importantly, we first provide evidence suggesting that STAT3 activates GALNT2 expression at the transcriptional level by directly binding to the GALNT2 promoter. Through a rational screening, we found a GALNT2 inhibitor that dramatically suppresses GSCs self-maintenance in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we uncovered the critical function of GALNT2 in promoting GSCs self-maintenance and GBM progression and may provide a new potential drug for GBM clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Peisheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Liufei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Liu Y, Zhu W, Zhu H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Shen N, Jiang J, Xue Y, Jiang R. Characterization of orthotopic xenograft tumor of glioma stem cells (GSCs) on MRI, PET and immunohistochemical staining. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1085015. [PMID: 36591483 PMCID: PMC9797975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1085015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The orthotopic xenograft tumors of human glioma stem cells (GSCs) is a recent glioma model with genotype and phenotypic characteristics close to human gliomas. This study aimed to explore the imaging and immunohistochemical characteristics of GSCs gliomas. Methods The rats underwent MRI and 18F-FDG PET scan in 6th-8th weeks after GSCs implantation. The MRI morphologic, DWI and PET features of the tumor lesions were assessed. In addition, the immunohistochemical features of the tumor tissues were further analyzed. Results Twenty-five tumor lesions were identified in 20 tumor-bearing rats. On structural MRI, the average tumor size was 30.04±17.31mm2, and the intensity was inhomogeneous in 76.00% (19/25) of the lesions. The proportion of the lesions mainly presented as solid, cystic and patchy tumor were 60.00% (15/25), 16.00% (4/25) and 24.00% (6/25), respectively. The boundary was unclear in 88.00% (22/25), and peritumoral mass effect was observed in 92.00% (23/25) of the lesions. On DWI, 80.00% (20/25) of the lesions showed increased intensity. Of the 14 lesions in the 11 rats underwent PET scan, 57.14% (8/14) showed increased FDG uptake. On immunohistochemical staining, the expression of Ki-67 was strong in all the lesions (51.67%±11.82%). Positive EGFR and VEGF expression were observed in 64.71% (11/17) and 52.94% (9/17) of the rats, whereas MGMT and HIF-1α showed negative expression in all the lesions. Discussion GSC gliomas showed significant heterogeneity and invasiveness on imaging, and exhibited strong expression of Ki-67, partial expression of EGFR and VEGF, and weak expression of MGMT and HIF-1α on immunohistochemical staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongquan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nanxi Shen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunjing Xue
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rifeng Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Rifeng Jiang,
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Kim H, Jeong HY, Batara DC, Moon C, Lee S, Lee SJ, Park S, Choi M, Kim S. Downregulation of ADAMTS3 Suppresses Stemness and Tumorigenicity in Glioma Stem Cell. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:682-690. [PMID: 36514188 PMCID: PMC9873505 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of human brain tumor, with a poor prognosis and a median overall survival of fewer than 15 months. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) have recently been identified as a key player in tumor initiation and therapeutic resistance in GBM. ADAMTS family of metalloproteinases is known to cleave a wide range of extracellular matrix substrates and has been linked to tissue remodeling events in tumor development. Here, we investigate that ADAMTS3 regulates GSC proliferation and self-renewal activities, and tumorigenesis in orthotopic xenograft models. METHODS ADAMTS3 mRNA expression levels in normal human astrocyte (NHA), glioma, and GSCs cell lines were compared. After knockdown of ADAMTS3, alamarBlue assay, in vitro limiting dilution, and orthotopic xenograft assays were performed. To investigate the tumor-associated roles of ADAMTS3, several statistical assays were conducted using publicly available datasets. RESULTS ADAMTS3 level was remarkably higher in GSCs than in NHA, glioma cell lines, and their matched differentiated tumor cells. Interestingly, knockdown of ADAMTS3 disrupted GSC's proliferation, self-renewal activity, and tumor formation in vivo. Furthermore, ADAMTS3 could be used as an independent predictor of malignancy progression in GBM. CONCLUSION We identified ADAMTS3 as a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Jin Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Hang Yeon Jeong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Don Carlo Batara
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal BehaviorCollege of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteGwangjuKorea
| | - Suk Jun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceCollege of Health & Medical Sciences, Cheongju UniversityChungbukKorea
| | - Sang‐Ik Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary PathologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Moon‐Chang Choi
- Department of Biomedical ScienceChosun UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Sung‐Hak Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
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16
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Chen B, Zhou X, Yang L, Zhou H, Meng M, Wu H, Liu Z, Zhang L, Li C. Glioma stem cell signature predicts the prognosis and the response to tumor treating fields treatment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:2148-2162. [PMID: 36070228 PMCID: PMC9627385 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioma stem cells (GSCs) play an important role in glioma recurrence and chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) resistance. Currently, there is a lack of efficient treatment approaches targeting GSCs. This study aimed to explore the potential personalized treatment of patients with GSC-enriched gliomas. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to identify the GSC-related genes. Then, machine learning methods were applied for clustering and validation. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and COX regression were used to construct the risk scores. Survival analysis was performed. Additionally, the incidence of chemo-radiotherapy resistance, immunotherapy status, and tumor treating field (TTF) therapy response were evaluated in high- and low-risk scores groups. RESULTS Two GSC clusters exhibited significantly different stemness indices, immune microenvironments, and genomic alterations. Based on GSC clusters, 11-gene GSC risk scores were constructed, which exhibited a high predictive value for prognosis. In terms of therapy, patients with high GSC risk scores had a higher risk of resistance to chemotherapy. TTF therapy can comprehensively inhibit the malignant biological characteristics of the high GSC-risk-score gliomas. CONCLUSION Our study constructed a GSC signature consisting of 11 GSC-specific genes and identified its prognostic value in gliomas. TTF is a promising therapeutic approach for patients with GSC-enriched glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liting Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Hypothalamic‐Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hongshu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ming Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Hypothalamic‐Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Chuntao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Hypothalamic‐Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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17
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Wei Y, Chen Q, Huang S, Liu Y, Li Y, Xing Y, Shi D, Xu W, Liu W, Ji Z, Wu B, Chen X, Jiang J. The Interaction between DNMT1 and High-Mannose CD133 Maintains the Slow-Cycling State and Tumorigenic Potential of Glioma Stem Cell. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2202216. [PMID: 35798319 PMCID: PMC9475542 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The quiescent/slow-cycling state preserves the self-renewal capacity of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and leads to the therapy resistance of CSCs. The mechanisms maintaining CSCs quiescence remain largely unknown. Here, it is demonstrated that lower expression of MAN1A1 in glioma stem cell (GSC) resulted in the formation of high-mannose type N-glycan on CD133. Furthermore, the high-mannose type N-glycan of CD133 is necessary for its interaction with DNMT1. Activation of p21 and p27 by the CD133-DNMT1 interaction maintains the slow-cycling state of GSC, and promotes chemotherapy resistance and tumorigenesis of GSCs. Elimination of the CD133-DNMT1 interaction by a cell-penetrating peptide or MAN1A1 overexpression inhibits the tumorigenesis of GSCs and increases the sensitivity of GSCs to temozolomide. Analysis of glioma samples reveals that the levels of high-mannose type N-glycan are correlated with glioma recurrence. Collectively, the high mannose CD133-DNMT1 interaction maintains the slow-cycling state and tumorigenic potential of GSC, providing a potential strategy to eliminate quiescent GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyan Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Qihang Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Sijing Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong250021P. R. China
| | - Yinan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Yang Xing
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Danfang Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Division of NeurosurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Weitao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Zhi Ji
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Bingrui Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jianhai Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
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18
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Aldaz P, Martín-Martín N, Saenz-Antoñanzas A, Carrasco-Garcia E, Álvarez-Satta M, Elúa-Pinin A, Pollard SM, Lawrie CH, Moreno-Valladares M, Samprón N, Hench J, Lovell-Badge R, Carracedo A, Matheu A. High SOX9 Maintains Glioma Stem Cell Activity through a Regulatory Loop Involving STAT3 and PML. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094511. [PMID: 35562901 PMCID: PMC9104987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are critical targets for glioma therapy. SOX9 is a transcription factor with critical roles during neurodevelopment, particularly within neural stem cells. Previous studies showed that high levels of SOX9 are associated with poor glioma patient survival. SOX9 knockdown impairs GSCs proliferation, confirming its potential as a target for glioma therapy. In this study, we characterized the function of SOX9 directly in patient-derived glioma stem cells. Notably, transcriptome analysis of GSCs with SOX9 knockdown revealed STAT3 and PML as downstream targets. Functional studies demonstrated that SOX9, STAT3, and PML form a regulatory loop that is key for GSC activity and self-renewal. Analysis of glioma clinical biopsies confirmed a positive correlation between SOX9/STAT3/PML and poor patient survival among the cases with the highest SOX9 expression levels. Importantly, direct STAT3 or PML inhibitors reduced the expression of SOX9, STAT3, and PML proteins, which significantly reduced GSCs tumorigenicity. In summary, our study reveals a novel role for SOX9 upstream of STAT3, as a GSC pathway regulator, and presents pharmacological inhibitors of the signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aldaz
- Group of Cellular Oncology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.A.); (A.S.-A.); (E.C.-G.); (M.Á.-S.); (M.M.-V.); (N.S.)
| | - Natalia Martín-Martín
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain; (N.M.-M.); (A.C.)
| | - Ander Saenz-Antoñanzas
- Group of Cellular Oncology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.A.); (A.S.-A.); (E.C.-G.); (M.Á.-S.); (M.M.-V.); (N.S.)
| | - Estefania Carrasco-Garcia
- Group of Cellular Oncology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.A.); (A.S.-A.); (E.C.-G.); (M.Á.-S.); (M.M.-V.); (N.S.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Carlos III Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Álvarez-Satta
- Group of Cellular Oncology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.A.); (A.S.-A.); (E.C.-G.); (M.Á.-S.); (M.M.-V.); (N.S.)
| | | | - Steven M. Pollard
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
| | - Charles H. Lawrie
- Group of Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Manuel Moreno-Valladares
- Group of Cellular Oncology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.A.); (A.S.-A.); (E.C.-G.); (M.Á.-S.); (M.M.-V.); (N.S.)
- Donostia University Hospital, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Nicolás Samprón
- Group of Cellular Oncology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.A.); (A.S.-A.); (E.C.-G.); (M.Á.-S.); (M.M.-V.); (N.S.)
- Donostia University Hospital, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 48009 Basel, Switzerland;
| | | | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain; (N.M.-M.); (A.C.)
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 48009 Basel, Switzerland;
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), Carlos III Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ander Matheu
- Group of Cellular Oncology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.A.); (A.S.-A.); (E.C.-G.); (M.Á.-S.); (M.M.-V.); (N.S.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Carlos III Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-943006073
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Kanwore K, Kanwore K, Adzika GK, Abiola AA, Guo X, Kambey PA, Xia Y, Gao D. Cancer Metabolism: The Role of Immune Cells Epigenetic Alteration in Tumorigenesis, Progression, and Metastasis of Glioma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831636. [PMID: 35392088 PMCID: PMC8980436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a type of brain and spinal cord tumor that begins in glial cells that support the nervous system neurons functions. Age, radiation exposure, and family background of glioma constitute are risk factors of glioma initiation. Gliomas are categorized on a scale of four grades according to their growth rate. Grades one and two grow slowly, while grades three and four grow faster. Glioblastoma is a grade four gliomas and the deadliest due to its aggressive nature (accelerated proliferation, invasion, and migration). As such, multiple therapeutic approaches are required to improve treatment outcomes. Recently, studies have implicated the significant roles of immune cells in tumorigenesis and the progression of glioma. The energy demands of gliomas alter their microenvironment quality, thereby inducing heterogeneity and plasticity change of stromal and immune cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which ultimately results in epigenetic modifications that facilitates tumor growth. PI3K is utilized by many intracellular signaling pathways ensuring the proper functioning of the cell. The activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR regulates the plasma membrane activities, contributing to the phosphorylation reaction necessary for transcription factors activities and oncogenes hyperactivation. The pleiotropic nature of PI3K/AKT/mTOR makes its activity unpredictable during altered cellular functions. Modification of cancer cell microenvironment affects many cell types, including immune cells that are the frontline cells involved in inflammatory cascades caused by cancer cells via high cytokines synthesis. Typically, the evasion of immunosurveillance by gliomas and their resistance to treatment has been attributed to epigenetic reprogramming of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, which results from cancer metabolism. Hence, it is speculative that impeding cancer metabolism and/or circumventing the epigenetic alteration of immune cell functions in the tumor microenvironment might enhance treatment outcomes. Herein, from an oncological and immunological perspective, this review discusses the underlying pathomechanism of cell-cell interactions enhancing glioma initiation and metabolism activation and tumor microenvironment changes that affect epigenetic modifications in immune cells. Finally, prospects for therapeutic intervention were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouminin Kanwore
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Konimpo Kanwore
- Faculty Mixed of Medicine and Pharmacy, Lomé-Togo, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Ayanlaja Abdulrahman Abiola
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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20
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Zhang A, Huang Z, Tao W, Zhai K, Wu Q, Rich JN, Zhou W, Bao S. USP33 deubiquitinates and stabilizes HIF-2alpha to promote hypoxia response in glioma stem cells. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109187. [PMID: 35191554 PMCID: PMC8982626 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia regulates tumor angiogenesis, metabolism, and therapeutic response in malignant cancers including glioblastoma, the most lethal primary brain tumor. The regulation of HIF transcriptional factors by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is critical in the hypoxia response, but hypoxia-inducible deubiquitinases that counteract the ubiquitination remain poorly defined. While the activation of ERK1/2 also plays an important role in hypoxia response, the relationship between ERK1/2 activation and HIF regulation remains elusive. Here, we identified USP33 as essential deubiquitinase that stabilizes HIF-2alpha protein in an ERK1/2-dependent manner to promote hypoxia response in cancer cells. USP33 is preferentially induced in glioma stem cells by hypoxia and interacts with HIF-2alpha, leading to its stabilization through deubiquitination. The activation of ERK1/2 upon hypoxia promoted HIF-2alpha phosphorylation, enhancing its interaction with USP33. Silencing of USP33 disrupted glioma stem cells maintenance, reduced tumor vascularization, and inhibited glioblastoma growth. Our findings highlight USP33 as an essential regulator of hypoxia response in cancer stem cells, indicating a novel potential therapeutic target for brain tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Zhang
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Kui Zhai
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA,Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA,Center for Cancer Stem Cell ResearchLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
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21
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Gu J, Mu N, Jia B, Guo Q, Pan L, Zhu M, Zhang W, Zhang K, Li W, Li M, Wei L, Xue X, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Targeting radiation-tolerant persister cells as a strategy for inhibiting radioresistance and recurrence in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:1056-1070. [PMID: 34905060 PMCID: PMC9248405 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compelling evidence suggests that glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence results from the expansion of a subset of tumor cells with robust intrinsic or therapy-induced radioresistance. However, the mechanisms underlying GBM radioresistance and recurrence remain elusive. To overcome obstacles in radioresistance research, we present a novel preclinical model ideally suited for radiobiological studies. METHODS With this model, we performed a screen and identified a radiation-tolerant persister (RTP) subpopulation. RNA sequencing was performed on RTP and parental cells to obtain mRNA and miRNA expression profiles. The regulatory mechanisms among NF-κB, YY1, miR-103a, XRCC3, and FGF2 were investigated by transcription factor activation profiling array analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, western blot analysis, luciferase reporter assays, and the MirTrap system. Transferrin-functionalized nanoparticles (Tf-NPs) were employed to improve blood-brain barrier permeability and RTP targeting. RESULTS RTP cells drive radioresistance by preferentially activating DNA damage repair and promoting stemness. Mechanistic investigations showed that continual radiation activates the NF-κB signaling cascade and promotes nuclear translocation of p65, leading to enhanced expression of YY1, the transcription factor that directly suppresses miR-103a transcription. Restoring miR-103a expression under these conditions suppressed the FGF2-XRCC3 axis and decreased the radioresistance capability. Moreover, Tf-NPs improved radiosensitivity and provided a significant survival benefit. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the NF-κB-YY1-miR-103a regulatory axis is indispensable for the function of RTP cells in driving radioresistance and recurrence. Thus, our results identified a novel strategy for improving survival in patients with recurrent/refractory GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luxiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Maorong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wangqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lichun Wei
- Department of Radiotherapy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- Xiaochang Xue, PhD, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China ()
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- Yingqi Zhang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China ()
| | - Wei Zhang
- Corresponding Authors: Wei Zhang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China ()
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22
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Giambra M, Messuti E, Di Cristofori A, Cavandoli C, Bruno R, Buonanno R, Marzorati M, Zambuto M, Rodriguez-Menendez V, Redaelli S, Giussani C, Bentivegna A. Characterizing the Genomic Profile in High-Grade Gliomas: From Tumor Core to Peritumoral Brain Zone, Passing through Glioma-Derived Tumorspheres. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:1157. [PMID: 34827152 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an extremely heterogeneous disease. Treatment failure and tumor recurrence primarily reflect the presence in the tumor core (TC) of the glioma stem cells (GSCs), and secondly the contribution, still to be defined, of the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ). Using the array-CGH platform, we deepened the genomic knowledge about the different components of GBM and we identified new specific biomarkers useful for new therapies. We firstly investigated the genomic profile of 20 TCs of GBM; then, for 14 cases and 7 cases, respectively, we compared these genomic profiles with those of the related GSC cultures and PBZ biopsies. The analysis on 20 TCs confirmed the intertumoral heterogeneity and a high percentage of copy number alterations (CNAs) in GBM canonical pathways. Comparing the genomic profiles of 14 TC-GSC pairs, we evidenced a robust similarity among the two samples of each patient. The shared imbalanced genes are related to the development and progression of cancer and in metabolic pathways, as shown by bioinformatic analysis using DAVID. Finally, the comparison between 7 TC-PBZ pairs leads to the identification of PBZ-unique alterations that require further investigation.
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23
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Okada M, Suzuki S, Togashi K, Sugai A, Yamamoto M, Kitanaka C. Targeting Folate Metabolism Is Selectively Cytotoxic to Glioma Stem Cells and Effectively Cooperates with Differentiation Therapy to Eliminate Tumor-Initiating Cells in Glioma Xenografts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111633. [PMID: 34769063 PMCID: PMC8583947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest of all human cancers. Developing therapies targeting GBM cancer stem cells or glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are deemed responsible for the malignancy of GBM due to their therapy resistance and tumor-initiating capacity, is considered key to improving the dismal prognosis of GBM patients. In this study, we found that folate antagonists, such as methotrexate (MTX) and pemetrexed, are selectively cytotoxic to GSCs, but not to their differentiated counterparts, normal fibroblasts, or neural stem cells in vitro, and that the high sensitivity of GCSs to anti-folates may be due to the increased expression of RFC-1/SLC19A1, the reduced folate carrier that transports MTX into cells, in GSCs. Of note, in an in vivo serial transplantation model, MTX alone failed to exhibit anti-GSC effects but promoted the anti-GSC effects of CEP1347, an inducer of GSC differentiation. This suggests that folate metabolism, which plays an essential role specifically in GSCs, is a promising target of anti-GSC therapy, and that the combination of cytotoxic and differentiation therapies may be a novel and promising approach to effectively eliminate cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Okada
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan; (S.S.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence: (M.O.); (C.K.); Tel.: +81-23-628-5214 (M.O.)
| | - Shuhei Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan; (S.S.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Keita Togashi
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan; (S.S.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Asuka Sugai
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan; (S.S.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan; (S.S.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Chifumi Kitanaka
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan; (S.S.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (M.Y.)
- Research Institute for Promotion of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.O.); (C.K.); Tel.: +81-23-628-5214 (M.O.)
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24
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Phan TL, Kim HJ, Lee SJ, Choi MC, Kim SH. Elevated RGMA Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Glioblastoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4867-4878. [PMID: 34588781 PMCID: PMC8473061 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s317285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of human brain tumor with a poor prognosis and a low survival rate. Secreted proteins from tumors are recently considered as important modulators to promote tumorigenesis by communicating with microenvironments. Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMA) was initially characterized as an axon guidance molecule after secretion in the brain during embryogenesis but has not been studied in GBM. In this study, we investigated secreted gene expression patterns and the correlation between RGMA expression and prognosis in GBM using in silico analysis. Methods RGMA mRNA levels in normal human astrocyte (NHA), human glioma cells, and GBM patient-derived glioma stem cells (GSCs) were assessed by qRT‐PCR. Patient survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan–Meier curve and univariate and multivariate analyses using publicly available datasets. The predictive roles of RGMA in progressive malignancy were evaluated using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results RGMA mRNA expression was elevated in glioma cells and GSCs compared with NHA and correlated with unfavorable prognosis in glioma patients. Thus, RGMA could serve as an independent predictive factor for GBM. Furthermore, the increased levels of RGMA expression and its putative receptor, neogenin (NEO1), were associated with poor patient survival rates in GBM. Conclusion We identified RGMA as an independent prognostic biomarker for progressive malignancy in glioblastoma and address the possibilities to develop novel therapeutic strategies against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Le Phan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health & Medical Sciences, Cheongju University, Chungbuk, 28503, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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25
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Wu ATH, Huang HS, Wen YT, Lawal B, Mokgautsi N, Huynh TT, Hsiao M, Wei L. A Preclinical Investigation of GBM-N019 as a Potential Inhibitor of Glioblastoma via Exosomal mTOR/CDK6/STAT3 Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:2391. [PMID: 34572040 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain malignancies with high incidences of developing treatment resistance, resulting in poor prognoses. Glioma stem cell (GSC)-derived exosomes are important players that contribute to GBM tumorigenesis and aggressive properties. Herein, we investigated the inhibitory roles of GBM-N019, a novel small molecule on the transfer of aggressive and invasive properties through the delivery of oncogene-loaded exosomes from GSCs to naïve and non-GSCs. Our results indicated that GBM-N019 significantly downregulated the expressions of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) signaling networks with concomitant inhibitory activities against viability, clonogenicity, and migratory abilities of U251 and U87MG cells. Treatments with GBM-N019 halted the exosomal transfer of protein kinase B (Akt), mTOR, p-mTOR, and Ras-related protein RAB27A to the naïve U251 and U87MG cells, and rescued the cells from invasive and stemness properties that were associated with activation of these oncogenes. GBM-N019 also synergized with and enhanced the anti-GBM activities of palbociclib in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggested that GBM-N019 possesses good translational relevance as a potential anti-glioblastoma drug candidate worthy of consideration for clinical trials against recurrent glioblastomas.
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26
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Li SZ, Ren KX, Zhao J, Wu S, Li J, Zang J, Fei Z, Zhao JL. miR-139/PDE2A-Notch1 feedback circuit represses stemness of gliomas by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3508-3521. [PMID: 34512162 PMCID: PMC8416740 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The malignant phenotypes of glioblastomas (GBMs) are primarily attributed to glioma stem cells (GSCs). Our previous study and other reports have suggested that both miR-139 and its host gene PDE2A are putative antitumor genes in various cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles and mechanisms of miR-139/PDE2A in GSC modulation. Methods: Clinical samples were used to determine miR-139/PDE2A expression. Patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (PD-GSCs) were stimulated for immunofluorescent staining, sphere formation assays and orthotopic GBM xenograft models. Bioinformatic analysis and further in vitro experiments demonstrated the downstream molecular mechanisms of miR-139 and PDE2A. OX26/CTX-conjugated PEGylated liposome (OCP) was constructed to deliver miR-139 or PDE2A into glioma tissue specifically. Results: We demonstrated that miR-139 was concomitantly transcribed with its host gene PDE2A. Both PDE2A and miR-139 indicated better prognosis of gliomas and were inversely correlated with GSC stemness. PDE2A or miR-139 overexpression suppressed the stemness of PD-GSCs. FZD3 and β-catenin, which induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation, were identified as targets of miR-139 and mediated the effects of miR-139 on GSCs. Meanwhile, PDE2A suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inhibiting cAMP accumulation and GSK-3β phosphorylation, thereby modulating the self-renewal of PD-GSCs. Notably, Notch1, which is also a target of miR-139, suppressed PDE2A/miR-139 expression directly via downstream Hes1, indicating that miR-139 promoted its own expression by the miR-139-Notch1/Hes1 feedback circuit. Expectedly, targeted overexpression miR-139 or PDE2A in glioma with OCP system significantly repressed the stemness and decelerated glioma progression. Conclusions: Our findings elaborate on the inhibitory functions of PDE2A and miR-139 on GSC stemness and tumorigenesis, which may provide new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Zhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kai-Xi Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jian Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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27
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Brockman AA, Mobley BC, Ihrie RA. Histological Studies of the Ventricular-Subventricular Zone as Neural Stem Cell and Glioma Stem Cell Niche. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:819-834. [PMID: 34310246 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211032003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural stem cell niche of the ventricular-subventricular zone supports the persistence of stem and progenitor cells in the mature brain. This niche has many notable cytoarchitectural features that affect the activity of stem cells and may also support the survival and growth of invading tumor cells. Histochemical studies of the niche have revealed many proteins that, in combination, can help to reveal stem-like cells in the normal or cancer context, although many caveats persist in the quest to consistently identify these cells in the human brain. Here, we explore the complex relationship between the persistent proliferative capacity of the neural stem cell niche and the malignant proliferation of brain tumors, with a special focus on histochemical identification of stem cells and stem-like tumor cells and an eye toward the potential application of high-dimensional imaging approaches to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa A Brockman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bret C Mobley
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca A Ihrie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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28
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Kim J, She C, Potez M, Huang P, Wu Q, Prager BC, Qiu Z, Bao S, Rich JN, Liu JKC. Phage display targeting identifies EYA1 as a regulator of glioblastoma stem cell maintenance and proliferation. Stem Cells 2021; 39:853-865. [PMID: 33594762 PMCID: PMC10741052 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) ranks among the most lethal of human malignancies with GBM stem cells (GSCs) that contribute to tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Identification and isolation of GSCs continue to be a challenge, as definitive methods to purify these cells for study or targeting are lacking. Here, we leveraged orthogonal in vitro and in vivo phage display biopanning strategies to isolate a single peptide with GSC-specific binding properties. In silico analysis of this peptide led to the isolation of EYA1 (Eyes Absent 1), a tyrosine phosphatase and transcriptional coactivator. Validating the phage discovery methods, EYA1 was preferentially expressed in GSCs compared to differentiated tumor progeny. MYC is a central mediator of GSC maintenance but has been resistant to direct targeting strategies. Based on correlation and colocalization of EYA1 and MYC, we interrogated a possible interaction, revealing binding of EYA1 to MYC and loss of MYC expression upon targeting EYA1. Supporting a functional role for EYA1, targeting EYA1 expression decreased GSC proliferation, migration, and self-renewal in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that phage display can identify novel therapeutic targets in stem-like tumor cells and that an EYA1-MYC axis represents a potential therapeutic paradigm for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- JongMyung Kim
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Chunhua She
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Marine Potez
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Briana C. Prager
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - James K. C. Liu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
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29
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Minami N, Tanaka K, Sasayama T, Kohmura E, Saya H, Sampetrean O. Lactate Reprograms Energy and Lipid Metabolism in Glucose-Deprived Oxidative Glioma Stem Cells. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050325. [PMID: 34070154 PMCID: PMC8158503 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast-growing tumors satisfy their bioenergetic needs by supplementing glucose with alternative carbon sources. Cancer stem cells are the most versatile and robust cells within malignant tumors. They avoid potentially lethal metabolic and other types of stress through flexible reprogramming of relevant pathways, but it has remained unclear whether alternative carbon sources are important for the maintenance of their tumor-propagating ability. Here we assessed the ability of glycolytic and oxidative murine glioma stem cells (GSCs) to grow in an ultralow glucose medium. Sphere formation assays revealed that exogenous lactate and acetate reversed the growth impairment of oxidative GSCs in such medium. Extracellular flux analysis showed that lactate supported oxygen consumption in these cells, whereas metabolomics analysis revealed that it increased the intracellular levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, ATP, and GTP as well as increased adenylate and guanylate charge. Lactate also reversed the depletion of choline apparent in the glucose-deprived cells as well as reprogrammed phospholipid and fatty acid biosynthesis. This metabolic reprogramming was associated with a more aggressive phenotype of intracranial tumors formed by lactate-treated GSCs. Our results thus suggest that lactate is an important alternative energetic and biosynthetic substrate for oxidative GSCs, and that it sustains their growth under conditions of glucose deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Minami
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.M.); (H.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (K.T.); (T.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Kazuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (K.T.); (T.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Takashi Sasayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (K.T.); (T.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Eiji Kohmura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (K.T.); (T.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Oltea Sampetrean
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.M.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5363-3983
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30
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Wang CJ, Chao CR, Zhao WF, Liu HM, Feng JS, Cui YX. Long noncoding RNA SNHG9 facilitates growth of glioma stem-like cells via miR-326/SOX9 axis. J Gene Med 2021; 24:e3334. [PMID: 33789359 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) are greatly responsible for the progression of glioma. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in glioma tumor progression. This study aims to explore the role and underlying mechanism of lncRNA SNHG9 in regulating GSC cell growth. METHODS GSCs were obtained from glioma cells (U87 and U251) and referred to as GSC-87 and GSC-251, respectively. The interactions between miR-326 and SNHG9 or SOX9 were analyzed using luciferase reporter assay. Cell growth of GSCs was evaluated by EdU assay and sphere formation assay. RESULTS SNHG9 expression was significantly higher in GSC-87 and GSC-251 cells than in U87 and U251 cells. SNHG9 overexpression promoted GSC cell growth, whereas SNHG9 knockdown inhibited GSC cell growth. Mechanistically, SNHG9 acted as a competitive endogenous RNA of miR-326 to elevate the expression of SOX9, a direct target of miR-326. Moreover, transfection with miR-326 inhibitor counteracted SNHG9 knockdown-mediated inhibition of GSC cell growth. CONCLUSIONS SNHG9 facilitates growth of GSCs via the miR-326/SOX9 axis. This study provides a promising therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chu-Rui Chao
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiang-Shan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yong-Xia Cui
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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31
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Dzikowski L, Mirzaei R, Sarkar S, Kumar M, Bose P, Bellail A, Hao C, Yong VW. Fibrinogen in the glioblastoma microenvironment contributes to the invasiveness of brain tumor-initiating cells. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12947. [PMID: 33694259 PMCID: PMC8412081 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly aggressive, recurrent, and lethal brain tumors that are maintained via brain tumor‐initiating cells (BTICs). The aggressiveness of BTICs may be dependent on the extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that are highly enriched within the GBM microenvironment. Here, we investigated the expression of ECM molecules in GBM patients by mining the transcriptomic databases and also staining human GBM specimens. RNA levels for fibronectin, brevican, versican, heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2), and several laminins were high in GBMs compared to normal brain, and this was corroborated by immunohistochemistry. While fibrinogen transcript was at normal level in GBM, its protein immunoreactivity was prominent within GBM tissues. These ECM molecules in tumor specimens were in proximity to, and surrounding BTICs. In culture, fibronectin and pan‐laminin induced the adhesion of BTICs onto the plastic substratum. However, fibrinogen increased the size of the BTIC spheres by facilitating the adhesive property, motility, and invasiveness of BTICs. These features of elevated invasiveness were corroborated in resected GBM specimens by the close proximity of fibrinogen with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and‐9, which are proteases implicated in metastasis. Moreover, the effect of fibrinogen‐induced invasiveness was attenuated in BTICs where MMP‐2 and ‐9 have been inhibited with siRNAs or pharmacological inhibitors. Our results implicate fibrinogen in GBM as a mediator of the invasive properties of BTICs, and as a target for therapy to reduce BTIC tumorigenecity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Dzikowski
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Susobhan Sarkar
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mehul Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anita Bellail
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chunhai Hao
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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32
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Nishikawa M, Inoue A, Ohnishi T, Yano H, Kanemura Y, Kohno S, Ohue S, Ozaki S, Matsumoto S, Suehiro S, Nakamura Y, Shigekawa S, Watanabe H, Kitazawa R, Tanaka J, Kunieda T. CD44 expression in the tumor periphery predicts the responsiveness to bevacizumab in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2013-2025. [PMID: 33543833 PMCID: PMC7957167 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab (Bev), a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is a common treatment for recurrent glioblastoma (GBM), but its survival benefit is limited. Resistance to Bev is thought to be a major cause of ineffectiveness on Bev therapy. To optimize Bev therapy, identification of a predictive biomarker for responsiveness to Bev is required. Based on our previous study, we focused on the expression and functions of CD44 and VEGF in the Bev therapy. Here, we analyze a relationship between CD44 expression and responsiveness to Bev and elucidate the role of CD44 in anti‐VEGF therapy. CD44 and VEGF expression in the tumor core and periphery of 22 GBMs was examined, and the relationship between expression of these molecules and progression‐free time on Bev therapy was analyzed. The degree of CD44 expression in the tumor periphery was evaluated by the ratio of the mRNA expression in the tumor periphery to that in the tumor core (P/C ratio). VEGF expression was evaluated by the amount of the mRNA expression in the tumor periphery. To elucidate the roles of CD44 in the Bev therapy, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed using glioma stem‐like cells (GSCs) and a GSC‐transplanted mouse xenograft model, respectively. GBMs expressing high P/C ratio of CD44 were much more refractory to Bev than those expressing low P/C ratio of CD44, and the survival time of the former was much shorter than that of the latter. In vitro inhibition of VEGF with siRNA or Bev‐activated CD44 expression and increased invasion of GSCs. Bev showed no antitumor effects in mice transplanted with CD44‐overexpressing GSCs. The P/C ratio of CD44 expression may become a useful biomarker predicting responsiveness to Bev in GBM. CD44 reduces the antitumor effect of Bev, resulting in much more highly invasive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Akihiro Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Takanori Ohnishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washoukai Sadamoto Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Kohno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Shiro Ohue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Saya Ozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Shirabe Matsumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suehiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Yawara Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Seiji Shigekawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Hideaki Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Riko Kitazawa
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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Gao XY, Zang J, Zheng MH, Zhang YF, Yue KY, Cao XL, Cao Y, Li XX, Han H, Jiang XF, Liang L. Temozolomide Treatment Induces HMGB1 to Promote the Formation of Glioma Stem Cells via the TLR2/NEAT1/Wnt Pathway in Glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:620883. [PMID: 33614649 PMCID: PMC7891666 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.620883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) is considered as one of the main reasons of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioma patients. Recent studies have shown that tumor microenvironment-derived signals could promote GSCs formation. But the critical molecule and underlying mechanism for GSCs formation after TMZ treatment is not entirely identified. Our study showed that TMZ treatment promoted GSCs formation by glioma cells; TMZ treatment of biopsy-derived glioblastoma multiforme cells upregulated HMGB1; HMGB1 altered gene expression profile of glioma cells with respect to mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA. Furthermore, our results showed that TMZ-induced HMGB1 increased the formation of GSCs and when HMGB1 was downregulated, TMZ-mediated GSCs formation was attenuated. Finally, we showed that the effect of HMGB1 on glioma cells was mediated by TLR2, which activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote GSCs. Mechanistically, we found that HMGB1 upregulated NEAT1, which was responsible for Wnt/β-catenin activation. In conclusion, TMZ treatment upregulates HMGB1, which promotes the formation of GSCs via the TLR2/NEAT1/Wnt pathway. Blocking HMGB1-mediated GSCs formation could serve as a potential therapeutic target for preventing TMZ resistance in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang-Yi Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu-Li Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Lombard A, Digregorio M, Delcamp C, Rogister B, Piette C, Coppieters N. The Subventricular Zone, a Hideout for Adult and Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 10:614930. [PMID: 33575218 PMCID: PMC7870981 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.614930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both in adult and children, high-grade gliomas (WHO grades III and IV) account for a high proportion of death due to cancer. This poor prognosis is a direct consequence of tumor recurrences occurring within few months despite a multimodal therapy consisting of a surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There is increasing evidence that glioma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to tumor recurrences. In fact, GSCs can migrate out of the tumor mass and reach the subventricular zone (SVZ), a neurogenic niche persisting after birth. Once nested in the SVZ, GSCs can escape a surgical intervention and resist to treatments. The present review will define GSCs and describe their similarities with neural stem cells, residents of the SVZ. The architectural organization of the SVZ will be described both for humans and rodents. The migratory routes taken by GSCs to reach the SVZ and the signaling pathways involved in their migration will also be described hereafter. In addition, we will debate the advantages of the microenvironment provided by the SVZ for GSCs and how this could contribute to tumor recurrences. Finally, we will discuss the clinical relevance of the SVZ in adult GBM and pediatric HGG and the therapeutic advantages of targeting that neurogenic region in both clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Lombard
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, Groupement Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marina Digregorio
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, Groupement Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Clément Delcamp
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, Groupement Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, Groupement Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Piette
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, Groupement Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natacha Coppieters
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, Groupement Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Iwata R, Hyoung Lee J, Hayashi M, Dianzani U, Ofune K, Maruyama M, Oe S, Ito T, Hashiba T, Yoshimura K, Nonaka M, Nakano Y, Norian L, Nakano I, Asai A. ICOSLG-mediated regulatory T-cell expansion and IL-10 production promote progression of glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:333-344. [PMID: 31634400 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting immune checkpoint proteins has recently gained substantial attention due to the dramatic success of this strategy in clinical trials for some cancers. Inducible T-cell co-stimulator ligand (ICOSLG) is a member of the B7 family of immune regulatory ligands, expression of which in cancer is implicated in disease progression due to regulation of antitumor adaptive immunity. Although aberrant ICOSLG expression has been reported in glioma cells, the underlying mechanisms that promote glioblastoma (GBM) progression remain elusive. METHODS Here, we investigated a causal role for ICOSLG in GBM progression by analyzing ICOSLG expression in both human glioma tissues and patient-derived GBM sphere cells (GSCs). We further examined its immune modulatory effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis and GBM tissue microarray showed that upregulation of ICOSLG expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with GBM. ICOSLG expression was upregulated preferentially in mesenchymal GSCs but not in proneural GSCs in a tumor necrosis factor-α/nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent manner. Furthermore, ICOSLG expression by mesenchymal GSCs promoted expansion of T cells that produced interleukin-10. Knockdown of the gene encoding ICOSLG markedly reduced GBM tumor growth in immune competent mice, with a concomitant downregulation of interleukin-10 levels in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of the ICOSLG-inducible co-stimulator axis in GBM may provide a promising immunotherapeutic approach for suppressing a subset of GBM with an elevated mesenchymal signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Iwata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Joo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mikio Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, "A. Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Kohei Ofune
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Masato Maruyama
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Souichi Oe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Hashiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Nonaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakano
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Lyse Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Akio Asai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
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Huang H, Yu X, Han X, Hao J, Zhao J, Bebek G, Bao S, Prayson RA, Khalil AM, Jankowsky E, Yu JS. Piwil1 Regulates Glioma Stem Cell Maintenance and Glioblastoma Progression. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108522. [PMID: 33406417 PMCID: PMC7837390 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Piwi proteins are a subfamily of Argonaute proteins that maintain germ cells in eukaryotes. However, the role of their human homologs in cancer stem cells, and more broadly in cancer, is poorly understood. Here, we report that Piwi-like family members are overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM), with Piwil1 (Hiwi) most frequently overexpressed (88%). Piwil1 is enriched in glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) to maintain self-renewal. Silencing Piwil1 in GSCs leads to global changes in gene expression resulting in cell-cycle arrest, senescence, or apoptosis. Piwil1 knockdown increases expression of the transcriptional co-regulator BTG2 and the E3-ubiquitin ligase FBXW7, leading to reduced c-Myc expression, as well as loss of expression of stem cell factors Olig2 and Nestin. Piwil1 regulates mRNA stability of BTG2, FBXW7, and CDKN1B. In animal models of GBM, Piwil1 knockdown suppresses tumor growth and promotes mouse survival. These findings support a role of Piwil1 in GSC maintenance and glioblastoma progression. Huang et al. find that Piwil1 protein is overexpressed in glioblastoma and glioma stem cells (GSCs). Piwil1 maintains GSC self-renewal and survival by regulating gene expression. Targeting Piwil1 extends survival in mouse models of glioblastoma. Piwil1 represents a therapeutic vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xiangzi Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Gurkan Bebek
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 921, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Richard A Prayson
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ahmad M Khalil
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Eckhard Jankowsky
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wood Bldg. 137, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, CA50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Baisiwala S, Hall RR 3rd, Saathoff MR, M Shireman J, Park C, Budhiraja S, Goel C, Warnke L, Hardiman C, Wang JY, McCortney K, Horbinski CM, Ahmed AU. LNX1 Modulates Notch1 Signaling to Promote Expansion of the Glioma Stem Cell Population during Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3505. [PMID: 33255632 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the most common adult malignant brain tumor. It is an aggressive tumor that returns even after surgical removal and temozolomide-based chemotherapy and radiation. Our goal was to understand what genes are altered by temozolomide and how those genes may contribute to tumor return. Our work shows that one of the genes altered is LNX1, which increases the expression of Notch1, a gene important for glioblastoma progression. We further showed that the elevation of LNX1 and Notch1 results in an increase in the tumor stem cell population, a subpopulation of cells thought to help propagate a more aggressive tumor. Finally, we showed that forced reduction in LNX1 expression results in increased survival of animals implanted with glioblastoma. Together, these results suggest that LNX1 may be a novel therapeutic target that would allow modulation of Notch1 activity and the stem cell population, potentially resulting in increased patient survival. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy in adults, with a 100% recurrence rate and 21-month median survival. Our lab and others have shown that GBM contains a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) that expand during chemotherapy and may contribute to therapeutic resistance and recurrence in GBM. To investigate the mechanism behind this expansion, we applied gene set expression analysis (GSEA) to patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells in response to temozolomide (TMZ), the most commonly used chemotherapy against GBM. Results showed significant enrichment of cancer stem cell and cell cycle pathways (False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.25). The ligand of numb protein 1 (LNX1), a known regulator of Notch signaling by targeting negative regulator Numb, is strongly upregulated after TMZ therapy (p < 0.0001) and is negatively correlated with survival of GBM patients. LNX1 is also upregulated after TMZ therapy in multiple PDX lines with concomitant downregulations in Numb and upregulations in intracellular Notch1 (NICD). Overexpression of LNX1 results in Notch1 signaling activation and increased GSC populations. In contrast, knocking down LNX1 reverses these changes, causing a significant downregulation of NICD, reduction in stemness after TMZ therapy, and resulting in more prolonged median survival in a mouse model. Based on this, we propose that during anti-GBM chemotherapy, LNX1-regulated Notch1 signaling promotes stemness and contributes to therapeutic resistance.
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Jeong HY, Park S, Kim H, Moon S, Lee S, Lee SH, Kim S. B3GNT5 is a novel marker correlated with stem-like phenotype and poor clinical outcome in human gliomas. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:1147-1154. [PMID: 32677340 PMCID: PMC7564194 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal tumor with a median patient survival of 14 to 15 months. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) play a critical role in tumor initiation and therapeutic resistance in GBM. B3GNT5 has been suggested as the key glycosyltransferase in the biosynthesis of the (neo-) lacto series of glycosphingolipid. In this study, we evaluated the B3GNT5 expression in GSCs as well as the correlation with clinical data in GBM. METHODS The mRNA levels of B3GNT5 in normal astrocytes, four glioma cell lines, and four GSCs were evaluated using real-time PCR. Small interference RNAs (siRNAs) were used to inhibit B3GNT5 expression and analyze its ability to form neurospheres. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the association with B3GNT5 expression and tumor grade and GBM subtypes as well as patient survival using public datasets. RESULTS B3GNT5 expression was significantly elevated in GSCs compared with normal astrocytes, glioma cell lines, and their matched differentiated tumor cells. Knockdown of B3GNT5 in GSCs decreased the neurosphere formation. Patients with high B3GNT5 expression had a short overall survival. B3GNT5 is correlated with classical and mesenchymal GBM subtypes. CONCLUSION The findings suggest the central role of B3GNT5 in regulating malignancy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yeon Jeong
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Seo‐Young Park
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Hyun‐Jin Kim
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Seungju Moon
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteGwangjuKorea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Department of Nano‐BioengineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheonKorea
| | - Sung‐Hak Kim
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
- Gwangju CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteGwangjuKorea
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Tao W, Zhang A, Zhai K, Huang Z, Huang H, Zhou W, Huang Q, Fang X, Prager BC, Wang X, Wu Q, Sloan AE, Ahluwalia MS, Lathia JD, Yu JS, Rich JN, Bao S. SATB2 drives glioblastoma growth by recruiting CBP to promote FOXM1 expression in glioma stem cells. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12291. [PMID: 33124191 PMCID: PMC7721366 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear matrix-associated proteins (NMPs) play critical roles in regulating chromatin organization and gene transcription by binding to the matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA. However, the functional significance of NMPs in glioblastoma (GBM) progression remains unclear. Here, we show that the Special AT-rich Binding Protein-2 (SATB2), one of crucial NMPs, recruits histone acetyltransferase CBP to promote the FOXM1-mediated cell proliferation and tumor growth of GBM. SATB2 is preferentially expressed by glioma stem cells (GSCs) in GBM. Disrupting SATB2 markedly inhibited GSC proliferation and GBM malignant growth by down-regulating expression of key genes involved in cell proliferation program. SATB2 activates FOXM1 expression to promote GSC proliferation through binding to the MAR sequence of FOXM1 gene locus and recruiting CBP to the MAR. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of SATB2/CBP transcriptional activity by the CBP inhibitor C646 suppressed GSC proliferation in vitro and GBM growth in vivo. Our study uncovers a crucial role of the SATB2/CBP-mediated transcriptional regulation in GBM growth, indicating that targeting SATB2/CBP may effectively improve GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aili Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kui Zhai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Haidong Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center & Center of Excellence for Translational Neuro-Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Matsumoto T, Chino H, Akiya M, Hashimura M, Yokoi A, Tochimoto M, Nakagawa M, Jiang Z, Saegusa M. Requirements of LEFTY and Nodal overexpression for tumor cell survival under hypoxia in glioblastoma. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:1409-1419. [PMID: 33111989 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) contain numerous hypoxic foci associated with a rare fraction of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Left-right determination factor (LEFTY) and Nodal, members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily, have glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation motifs and are linked with stemness in human malignancies. Herein, we investigated the roles of LEFTY and Nodal in GBM hypoxic foci. In clinical samples, significantly higher expression of LEFTY, Nodal, phospho (p) GSK-3β, pSmad2, and Nestin, as well as higher apoptotic and lower proliferation rates, were observed in nonpseudopalisading (non-Ps) perinecrotic lesions as compared to Ps and non-necrotic tumor lesions, with a positive correlation between LEFTY, Nodal, pGSK-3β, or pSmad2 scores. In KS-1, a GBM cell line that lacks endogenous Nodal expression, treatment with the hypoxic mimetic CoCl2 increased LEFTY, pGSK-3β, and pSmad2 levels, but decreased pAkt levels. Moreover, the promoter for LEFTY, but not Nodal, was activated by Smad2 or TGF-β1, suggesting that overexpression of LEFTY and Nodal may be due to Akt-independent GSK-3β inactivation, with or without cooperation of the TGF-β1/Smad2 axis. LEFTY and Nodal overexpression increased proliferation rates and reduced susceptibility to CoCl2 -induced apoptosis, and increased the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)/GSC-related markers. An increased ALDH1high population and more efficient spheroid formation was also observed in LEFTY-overexpressing cells. These findings suggest that LEFTY and Nodal may contribute to cell survival in non-Ps GBM perinecrotic lesions, leading to alterations in apoptosis, proliferation, or EMT/GCS features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Chino
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiya
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miki Hashimura
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ako Yokoi
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Tochimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mayu Nakagawa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Zesong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Saegusa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Caragher S, Miska J, Shireman J, Park CH, Muroski M, Lesniak MS, Ahmed AU. Temozolomide Treatment Increases Fatty Acid Uptake in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3126. [PMID: 33114573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumors typically survive less than two years, despite aggressive therapy with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. A major factor underlying this lethality is the ability of GBM tumors to adapt to stress, including the stress of treatment. The role of metabolism in this process remains incompletely understood. We, therefore, explored the connection between cellular phenotype, chemotherapeutic stress, and metabolism in GBM. We found that inducing changes in GBM phenotypes led to alterations in metabolic behavior. Further, during treatment with chemotherapy, GBM cells that became resistant to therapy increased their fatty acid uptake. These therapy-induced alterations in nutrient uptake may underlie therapy resistance and deadly recurrence. Abstract Among all cancers, glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the least treatable. One key factor in this resistance is a subpopulation of tumor cells termed glioma stem cells (GSCs). These cells are highly resistant to current treatment modalities, possess marked self-renewal capacity, and are considered key drivers of tumor recurrence. Further complicating an understanding of GBM, evidence shows that the GSC population is not a pre-ordained and static group of cells but also includes previously differentiated GBM cells that have attained a GSC state secondary to environmental cues. The metabolic behavior of GBM cells undergoing plasticity remains incompletely understood. To that end, we probed the connection between GSCs, environmental cues, and metabolism. Using patient-derived xenograft cells, mouse models, transcriptomics, and metabolic analyses, we found that cell state changes are accompanied by sharp changes in metabolic phenotype. Further, treatment with temozolomide, the current standard of care drug for GBM, altered the metabolism of GBM cells and increased fatty acid uptake both in vitro and in vivo in the plasticity driven GSC population. These results indicate that temozolomide-induced changes in cell state are accompanied by metabolic shifts—a potentially novel target for enhancing the effectiveness of current treatment modalities.
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Kondo N, Hikida M, Nakada M, Sakurai Y, Hirata E, Takeno S, Suzuki M. Glioma Stem-Like Cells Can Be Targeted in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy with Boronophenylalanine. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3040. [PMID: 33086625 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As glioma stem cells are chemo- and radio-resistant, they could be the origins of recurrent malignant glioma. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a tumor-selective particle radiation therapy. 10B(n,α)7Li capture reaction produces alpha particles whose short paths (5-9 µm) lead to selective killing of tumor cells. P-boronophenylalanine (BPA) is a chemical compound used in clinical trials for BNCT. Here, we used mass cytometry (Cytof) to investigate whether glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs) take up BPA or not. We used GSLCs, and cells differentiated from GSLCs (DCs) by fetal bovine serum. After exposure to BPA for 24 h at 25 ppm in 5% CO2 incubator, we immune-stained them with twenty stem cell markers, anti-Ki-67, anti-BPA and anti-CD98 (heterodimer that forms the large BPA transporter) antibodies and analyzed them with Cytof. The percentage of BPA+ or CD98+ cells with stem cell markers (Oct3/4, Nestin, SOX2, Musashi-1, PDGFRα, Notch2, Nanog, STAT3 and C-myc, among others) was 2-4 times larger among GSLCs than among DCs. Analyses of in vivo orthotopic tumor also indicated that 100% of SOX2+ or Nestin+ GSLCs were BPA+, whereas only 36.9% of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ DCs were BPA+. Therefore, GSLCs may take up BPA and could be targeted by BNCT.
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Zhai Y, Li G, Li R, Chang Y, Feng Y, Wang D, Wu F, Zhang W. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Shift in the Interaction Pattern Between Glioma Stem Cells and Immune Cells During Tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581209. [PMID: 33133100 PMCID: PMC7580180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most common neoplasms in the central nervous system characterized by limited immune response and unlimited expansion capability. Cancer stem cells (GSCs), a small fraction of the tumor cells, possess a pivotal regulation capability in the tumor microenvironment with a superior proliferation ability. We aimed to reveal the interaction between glioma stem cells (GSCs) and immune cells during tumorigenesis. Single-cell sequencing data from seven surgical specimens of glioblastoma patients and patient-derived GSCs cocultured with peripheral leukocytes were used for the analysis. Cell grouping and trajectory analysis were performed using Seurat and Monocle 3 packages in R software. The gene set of Cancer Genome Anatomy Project was used to define different cell types. Cells with the ability of proliferation and differentiation in glioblastoma tissue were defined as GSCs, which had a similar expression pattern to that in the GSCs in vitro. Astrocytes in glioblastoma were mainly derived from differentiated GSCs, while oligodendrocytes were most likely to be derived from different precursor cells. No remarkable evolutionary trajectory was observed among the subgroups of T cells in glioblastoma. The immune checkpoint interaction between GSCs and immune cells was changed from stimulatory to inhibitory during tumorigenesis. The patient-derived GSCs system is an ideal model for GSC research. The above research revealed that the interaction pattern between GSC glioma stem cells and immune cells during tumorigenesis provides a theoretical basis for GSC glioma stem cell-targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhai
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhang Li
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Renpeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhao Chang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuemei Feng
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network, Beijing, China
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Fukui N, Yawata T, Nakajo T, Kawanishi Y, Higashi Y, Yamashita T, Aratake T, Honke K, Ueba T. Targeting CD146 using folic acid-conjugated nanoparticles and suppression of tumor growth in a mouse glioma model. J Neurosurg 2020; 134:1772-1782. [PMID: 32707539 DOI: 10.3171/2020.4.jns193078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are responsible for tumor initiation, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence. CD146 is mainly expressed in dividing GSCs and regulates cell cycle progression. However, the evaluation of the efficacy of targeted therapy against CD146 in vivo remains to be investigated. In this study, the authors aimed to develop gene therapy targeting GSCs using chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (COL) nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with folic acid-polyethylene glycol (FA-PEG-COL NPs) for in vitro and in vivo delivery of CD146 small-interfering RNA (siCD146) and to determine the effect of CD146 knockdown on tumor growth. METHODS To examine the uptake of NPs by tumor cells, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, and in vivo imaging were performed. The knockdown effect of siCD146 was measured by western blot and water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 assay in mouse glioma cells. The efficacy of siRNA therapy-targeted GSCs was evaluated by monitoring tumor growth through in vivo imaging and histological analysis. RESULTS In vivo accumulation of the FA-PEG-COL NPs in subcutaneous and intracranial gliomas following NP administration via a mouse tail vein was observed. Additionally, in vitro delivery of siCD146 ionically cross-linked NPs, reduced CD146 levels, and suppressed growth in the glioma tumor sphere. Evaluation of the in vivo therapeutic effects of siCD146-cross-linked NPs in a mouse glioma model revealed significant suppression of intracranial tumor growth, with complete removal of the tumor observed in some mice on histological examination. Furthermore, delivery of siCD146 significantly reduced the Ki-67 index in residual tumor tissues relative to that in control mice. CONCLUSIONS CD146 is a potential therapeutic target, and folic acid-conjugated NPs delivering siRNA may facilitate gene therapy in malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Takaaki Aratake
- 2Pharmacology, and.,4Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Honke
- 3Biochemistry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi; and
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Tabu K, Liu W, Kosaku A, Terashima K, Murota Y, Aimaitijiang A, Nobuhisa I, Hide T, Taga T. Glioma stem cell (GSC)-derived autoschizis-like products confer GSC niche properties involving M1-like tumor-associated macrophages. Stem Cells 2020; 38:921-935. [PMID: 32346916 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous necrosis is a defining feature of glioblastomas (GBMs), the most malignant glioma. Despite its strong correlations with poor prognosis, it remains unclear whether necrosis could be a possible cause or mere consequence of glioma progression. Here we isolated a particular fraction of necrotic products spontaneously arising from glioma cells, morphologically and biochemically defined as autoschizis-like products (ALPs). When administered to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-primed bone marrow-derived macrophage/dendritic cells (Mφ/DCs), ALPs were found to be specifically engulfed by Mφs expressing a tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) marker CD204. ALPs from glioma stem cells (GSCs) had higher activity for the TAM development than those from non-GSCs. Of note, expression of the Il12b gene encoding a common subunit of IL-12/23 was upregulated in ALPs-educated Mφs. Furthermore, IL-12 protein evidently enhanced the sphere-forming activity of GBM patient-derived cells, although interestingly IL-12 is generally recognized as an antitumoral M1-Mφ marker. Finally, in silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) transcriptome data of primary and recurrent GBMs revealed that higher expression of these IL-12 family genes was well correlated with more infiltration of M1-type TAMs and closely associated with poorer prognosis in recurrent GBMs. Our results highlight a role of necrosis in GSC-driven self-beneficial niche construction and glioma progression, providing important clues for developing new therapeutic strategies against gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Tabu
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akina Kosaku
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Terashima
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Murota
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alapati Aimaitijiang
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nobuhisa
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuichiro Hide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taga
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Dundar B, Markwell SM, Sharma NV, Olson CL, Mukherjee S, Brat DJ. Methods for in vitro modeling of glioma invasion: Choosing tools to meet the need. Glia 2020; 68:2173-2191. [PMID: 32134155 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Widespread tumor cell invasion is a fundamental property of diffuse gliomas and is ultimately responsible for their poor prognosis. A greater understanding of basic mechanisms underlying glioma invasion is needed to provide insights into therapies that could potentially counteract them. While none of the currently available in vitro models can fully recapitulate the complex interactions of glioma cells within the brain tumor microenvironment, if chosen and developed appropriately, these models can provide controlled experimental settings to study molecular and cellular phenomena that are challenging or impossible to model in vivo. Therefore, selecting the most appropriate in vitro model, together with its inherent advantages and limitations, for specific hypotheses and experimental questions achieves primary significance. In this review, we describe and discuss commonly used methods for modeling and studying glioma invasion in vitro, including platforms, matrices, cell culture, and visualization techniques, so that choices for experimental approach are informed and optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Dundar
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Steven M Markwell
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nitya V Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cheryl L Olson
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Subhas Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Jeong HY, Kim HJ, Kim CE, Lee S, Choi MC, Kim SH. High expression of RFX4 is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with glioblastoma. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:7-14. [PMID: 32075484 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1732969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Glioma stem cells (GSCs) have been shown to contribute to tumor development and recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and cellular heterogeneity of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Recently, it has been reported that GSCs lose their self-renewal ability and tumorigenic potential upon differentiation. In this study, we identified Regulatory Factor X4 (RFX4) gene to regulate GSCs' survival and self-renewal activity in the GBM patients samples.Materials and methods: We utilized public datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project, and The Human Protein Atlas to screen candidate genes which are associated with the development of GBM and poor patients survival. Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus was applied to knockdown RFX4 gene in GSCs.Results: We found that RFX4 mRNA expression among the RFX family was particularly reduced during GSC differentiation. RT-qPCR analysis revealed significant downregulation of RFX4 and stem cell markers (CD15 and CD133) mRNA expressions in primary human GBM-derived GSCs cultured under serum condition. Consistently, GSCs showed significantly elevated RFX4 mRNA expression levels compared to normal astrocytes, NHA, whereas glioma cells did not. Furthermore, analysis of the TCGA data set revealed that RFX4 is highly expressed in GBM, and contributes to the lowering of patient survival. Depletion of RFX4 using shRNA lentivirus in patient GBM-derived GSCs decreased neurosphere formation and cell viability.Conclusion: These results suggest that RFX4 is a potential risk factor for maintaining the stemness of GSCs and making glioma more malignant, and thus, could be a promising target of GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yeon Jeong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Eun Kim
- Pôle de Formation et de Recherche en Santé (PFRS), Univeristé de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Li C, Cho HJ, Yamashita D, Abdelrashid M, Chen Q, Bastola S, Chagoya G, Elsayed GA, Komarova S, Ozaki S, Ohtsuka Y, Kunieda T, Kornblum HI, Kondo T, Nam DH, Nakano I. Tumor edge-to-core transition promotes malignancy in primary-to-recurrent glioblastoma progression in a PLAGL1/CD109-mediated mechanism. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa163. [PMID: 33392508 PMCID: PMC7764499 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma remains highly lethal due to its inevitable recurrence. Most of this recurrence is found locally, indicating that postsurgical tumor-initiating cells (TICs) accumulate at the tumor edge. These edge-TICs then generate local recurrence harboring new core lesions. Here, we investigated the clinical significance of the edge-to-core (E-to-C) signature generating glioblastoma recurrence and sought to identify its central mediators. METHODS First, we examined the association of E-to-C-related expression changes to patient outcome in matched primary and recurrent samples (n = 37). Specifically, we tested whether the combined decrease of the edge-TIC marker PROM1 (CD133) with the increase of the core-TIC marker CD109, representing E-to-C transition during the primary-to-recurrence progression, indicates poorer patient outcome. We then investigated the specific molecular mediators that trigger tumor recurrence driven by the E-to-C progression. Subsequently, the functional and translational significance of the identified molecule was validated with our patient-derived edge-TIC models in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Patients exhibiting the CD133low/CD109high signature upon recurrence representing E-to-C transition displayed a strong association with poorer progression-free survival and overall survival among all tested patients. Differential gene expression identified that PLAGL1 was tightly correlated with the core TIC marker CD109 and was linked to shorter patient survival. Experimentally, forced PLAGL1 overexpression enhanced, while its knockdown reduced, glioblastoma edge-derived tumor growth in vivo and subsequent mouse survival, suggesting its essential role in the E-to-C-mediated glioblastoma progression. CONCLUSIONS E-to-C axis represents an ongoing lethal process in primary glioblastoma contributing to its recurrence, partly in a PLAGL1/CD109-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Moaaz Abdelrashid
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Soniya Bastola
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gustavo Chagoya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Galal A Elsayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Svetlana Komarova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Saya Ozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University, Japan
| | | | | | - Harley I Kornblum
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Toru Kondo
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
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Seo YS, Ko IO, Park H, Jeong YJ, Park JA, Kim KS, Park MJ, Lee HJ. Radiation-Induced Changes in Tumor Vessels and Microenvironment Contribute to Therapeutic Resistance in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1259. [PMID: 31803626 PMCID: PMC6873882 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a largely fatal and highly angiogenic malignancy with a median patient survival of just over 1 year with radiotherapy (RT). The effects of RT on GBM remain unclear, although increasing evidence suggests that RT-induced alterations in the brain microenvironment affect the recurrence and aggressiveness of GBM. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) in GBM are resistant to conventional therapies, including RT. This study aimed to investigate the effect of radiation on tumor growth and the GSC microenvironment in a mouse model of glioma. To evaluate the growth-inhibitory effects of ionizing radiation on GSCs, tumor volume was measured via anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after the intracranial injection of 1 × 104 human patient-derived GSCs (83NS cells), which exhibit marked radioresistance. When a tumor mass of ~5 mm3 was detected in each animal, 10 Gy of cranial irradiation was administered. Tumor progression was observed in the orthotopic xenografted GSC tumor (primary tumor) from a detectable tumor mass (5 mm3) to a lethal tumor mass (78 mm3) in ~7 d in the non-irradiated group. In the RT group, tumor growth was halted for almost 2 weeks after administering 10 Gy cranial irradiation, with tumor growth resuming thereafter and eventually approaching a lethal mass (56 mm3) 21 d after radiation. Radiation therapy yielded good therapeutic effects, with a 2-fold increase in GSC glioma survival; however, tumor relapse after RT resulted in higher mortality for the mice with a smaller tumor volume (p = 0.029) than the non-irradiated tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, tumor regrowth after IR resulted in different phenotypes associated with glioma aggressiveness compared with the non-irradiated mice; the apparent diffusion coefficient by diffusion MRI decreased significantly (p < 0.05, 0 Gy vs. 10 Gy) alongside decreased angiogenesis, abnormal vascular dilatation, and upregulated CD34, VWF, AQP1, and AQP4 expression in the tumor. These findings demonstrate that radiation affects GSCs in GBM, potentially resulting in therapeutic resistance by changing the tumor microenvironment. Thus, the results of this study suggest potential therapeutic targets for overcoming the resistance of GBMs to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Soo Seo
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Naju, South Korea.,Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, South Korea
| | - In Ok Ko
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Naju, South Korea
| | - Ye Ji Jeong
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Naju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Naju, South Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Naju, South Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Naju, South Korea
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50
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Takashima Y, Kawaguchi A, Yamanaka R. Promising Prognosis Marker Candidates on the Status of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Glioma Stem Cells in Glioblastoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111312. [PMID: 31653034 PMCID: PMC6912254 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivariable analyses of global expression profiling are valid indicators of the prognosis of various diseases including brain cancers. To identify the candidates for markers of prognosis of glioblastoma, we performed multivariable analyses on the status of epithelial (EPI)-mesenchymal (MES) transition (EMT), glioma (GLI) stem cells (GSCs), molecular target therapy (MTT), and potential glioma biomarkers (PGBs) using the expression data and clinical information from patients. Random forest survival and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses indicated significant variable values for DSG3, CLDN1, CDH11, FN1, HDAC3/7, PTEN, L1CAM, OLIG2, TIMP4, IGFBP2, and GFAP. The analyses also comprised prognosis prediction formulae that could distinguish between the survival curves of the glioblastoma patients. In addition to the genes mentioned above, HDAC1, FLT1, EGFR, MGMT, PGF, STAT3, SIRT1, and GADD45A constituted complex genetic interaction networks. The calculated status scores obtained by principal component analysis indicated that GLI genes covered the status of EPI, GSC, and MTT-related genes. Moreover, survival tree analyses indicated that MEShigh, MEShighGLIlow, GSChighGLIlow, MEShighMTTlow, and PGBhigh showed poor prognoses and MESmiddle, GSClow, and PGBlow showed good prognoses, suggesting that enhanced EMT and GSC are associated with poor survival and that lower expression of EPI markers and the pre-stages of EMT are relatively less malignant in glioblastoma. These results demonstrate that the assessment of EMT and GSC enables the prediction of the prognosis of glioblastoma that would help develop novel therapeutics and de novo marker candidates for the prognoses of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Takashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Center for Comprehensive Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryuya Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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