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Hitoshi S, Mandyam CD, Shetty AK. Editorial: Advances in adult neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1307844. [PMID: 38249580 PMCID: PMC10796471 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1307844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Hitoshi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Chitra D. Mandyam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
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2
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Becker J, Sun B, Alammari F, Haerty W, Vance KW, Szele FG. What has single-cell transcriptomics taught us about long non-coding RNAs in the ventricular-subventricular zone? Stem Cell Reports 2022; 18:354-376. [PMID: 36525965 PMCID: PMC9860170 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) function is mediated by the process of transcription or through transcript-dependent associations with proteins or nucleic acids to control gene regulatory networks. Many lncRNAs are transcribed in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), a postnatal neural stem cell niche. lncRNAs in the V-SVZ are implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, cancer, and brain disease, but their functions are poorly understood. V-SVZ neurogenesis capacity declines with age due to stem cell depletion and resistance to neural stem cell activation. Here we analyzed V-SVZ transcriptomics by pooling current single-cell RNA-seq data. They showed consistent lncRNA expression during stem cell activation, lineage progression, and aging. In conjunction with epigenetic and genetic data, we predicted V-SVZ lncRNAs that regulate stem cell activation and differentiation. Some of the lncRNAs validate known epigenetic mechanisms, but most remain uninvestigated. Our analysis points to several lncRNAs that likely participate in key aspects of V-SVZ stem cell activation and neurogenesis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Becker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Farah Alammari
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Keith W. Vance
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Francis George Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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3
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Favaloro F, DeLeo AM, Delgado AC, Doetsch F. miR-17∼92 exerts stage-specific effects in adult V-SVZ neural stem cell lineages. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111773. [PMID: 36476846 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) generate neurons and glia throughout life. MicroRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators frequently acting in a context-dependent manner. Here, microRNA profiling defines cohorts of miRNAs in quiescent and activated NSCs, with miR-17∼92 highly upregulated in activated NSCs and transit amplifying cells (TACs) versus quiescent NSCs. Conditional miR-17∼92 deletion in the adult V-SVZ results in stage-specific effects. In NSCs, it reduces proliferation in vitro and in vivo, whereas in TACs, it selectively shifts neurogenic OLIG2- DLX2+ toward oligodendrogenic OLIG2+ DLX2- TACs, due to de-repression of an oligodendrogenic program, leading to increased oligodendrogenesis in vivo. This differential regulation of TAC subpopulations highlights the importance of TAC heterogeneity. Finally, in the NSC lineage for intraventricular oligodendrocyte progenitors, miR-17∼92 deletion decreases proliferation and maturation. Together, these findings reveal multiple stage-specific functions of the miR-17∼92 cluster within different adult V-SVZ lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annina M DeLeo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ana C Delgado
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Doetsch
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Brockman AA, Mobley BC, Ihrie RA. Histological Studies of the Ventricular-Subventricular Zone as Neural Stem Cell and Glioma Stem Cell Niche. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:819-834. [PMID: 34310246 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211032003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural stem cell niche of the ventricular-subventricular zone supports the persistence of stem and progenitor cells in the mature brain. This niche has many notable cytoarchitectural features that affect the activity of stem cells and may also support the survival and growth of invading tumor cells. Histochemical studies of the niche have revealed many proteins that, in combination, can help to reveal stem-like cells in the normal or cancer context, although many caveats persist in the quest to consistently identify these cells in the human brain. Here, we explore the complex relationship between the persistent proliferative capacity of the neural stem cell niche and the malignant proliferation of brain tumors, with a special focus on histochemical identification of stem cells and stem-like tumor cells and an eye toward the potential application of high-dimensional imaging approaches to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa A Brockman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bret C Mobley
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca A Ihrie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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5
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Gomez HG, Noguchi H, Castillo JG, Aguilar D, Pleasure SJ, Yabut OR. Suppressor of Fused regulates the proliferation of postnatal neural stem and precursor cells via a Gli3-dependent mechanism. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.039248. [PMID: 31142467 PMCID: PMC6602331 DOI: 10.1242/bio.039248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the forebrain is the source of neurogenic stem/precursor cells for adaptive and homeostatic needs throughout the life of most mammals. Here, we report that Suppressor of Fused (Sufu) plays a critical role in the establishment of the V-SVZ at early neonatal stages by controlling the proliferation of distinct subpopulations of stem/precursor cells. Conditional deletion of Sufu in radial glial progenitor cells (RGCs) at E13.5 resulted in a dramatic increase in the proliferation of Sox2+ Type B1 cells. In contrast, we found a significant decrease in Gsx2+ and a more dramatic decrease in Tbr2+ transit amplifying cells (TACs) indicating that innate differences between dorsal and ventral forebrain derived Type B1 cells influence Sufu function. However, many precursors accumulated in the dorsal V-SVZ or failed to survive, demonstrating that despite the over-proliferation of Type B1 cells, they are unable to transition into functional differentiated progenies. These defects were accompanied by reduced Gli3 expression and surprisingly, a significant downregulation of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. Therefore, these findings indicate a potential role of the Sufu-Gli3 regulatory axis in the neonatal dorsal V-SVZ independent of Shh signaling in the establishment and survival of functional stem/precursor cells in the postnatal dorsal V-SVZ. Summary: Conditional deletion of Sufu causes dramatic expansion of neural stem/precursor cells in the neonatal ventricular-subventricular (SVZ) zone. This defect occurs through a Gli3-dependent mechanism resulting in the downregulation of Shh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Samuel J Pleasure
- Department of Neurology .,Programs in Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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6
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2019; 173:1045-1057.e9. [PMID: 29727663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ependymal cells are multi-ciliated cells that form the brain's ventricular epithelium and a niche for neural stem cells (NSCs) in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). In addition, ependymal cells are suggested to be latent NSCs with a capacity to acquire neurogenic function. This remains highly controversial due to a lack of prospective in vivo labeling techniques that can effectively distinguish ependymal cells from neighboring V-SVZ NSCs. We describe a transgenic system that allows for targeted labeling of ependymal cells within the V-SVZ. Single-cell RNA-seq revealed that ependymal cells are enriched for cilia-related genes and share several stem-cell-associated genes with neural stem or progenitors. Under in vivo and in vitro neural-stem- or progenitor-stimulating environments, ependymal cells failed to demonstrate any suggestion of latent neural-stem-cell function. These findings suggest remarkable stability of ependymal cell function and provide fundamental insights into the molecular signature of the V-SVZ niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajay T Shah
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jo A Stratton
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Morgan Gail Stykel
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sepideh Abbasi
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kyle A Mayr
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kathrin Koblinger
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Patrick J Whelan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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7
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Abstract
In this chapter, heterogeneity is explored in the context of the ventricular-subventricular zone, the largest stem cell niche in the mammalian brain. This niche generates up to 10,000 new neurons daily in adult mice and extends over a large spatial area with dorso-ventral and medio-lateral subdivisions. The stem cells of the ventricular-subventricular zone can be subdivided by their anatomical position and transcriptional profile, and the stem cell lineage can also be further subdivided into stages of pre- and post-natal quiescence and activation. Beyond the stem cells proper, additional differences exist in their interactions with other cellular constituents of the niche, including neurons, vasculature, and cerebrospinal fluid. These variations in stem cell potential and local interactions are discussed, as well as unanswered questions within this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle V Rushing
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Madelyn K Bollig
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca A Ihrie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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8
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Shan X, Tomlinson L, Yang Q, Colognato H. Distinct Requirements for Extracellular and Intracellular MMP12 in the Development of the Adult V-SVZ Neural Stem Cell Niche. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:984-999. [PMID: 29503085 PMCID: PMC5918618 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms that control neural stem cell (NSC) activation in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) stem cell niche have been the focus of intense investigation, yet how the niche first develops and organizes is poorly understood. Here, we examined matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) for potential roles in V-SVZ stem cell niche development. MMP12 was found to promote appropriate niche cellular arrangements, the formation of specialized niche extracellular matrix, and the translational planar cell polarity of ependymal cells that surround and support niche NSCs. Surprisingly, ependymal cells were found to have an intracellular pool of MMP12 that promoted ependymal cell ciliogenesis by upregulating FOXJ1. In addition, both extracellular and intracellular MMP12 were found to regulate V-SVZ niche output by promoting NSC quiescence. These findings reveal that extracellular and intracellular MMP12 have both unique and overlapping roles that help orchestrate the development of the adult V-SVZ stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Shan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lyl Tomlinson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Holly Colognato
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Cebrián-Silla A, Alfaro-Cervelló C, Herranz-Pérez V, Kaneko N, Park DH, Sawamoto K, Alvarez-Buylla A, Lim DA, García-Verdugo JM. Unique Organization of the Nuclear Envelope in the Post-natal Quiescent Neural Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017. [PMID: 28648897 PMCID: PMC5511107 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (B1 astrocytes; NSCs) in the adult ventricular-subventricular-zone (V-SVZ) originate in the embryo. Surprisingly, recent work has shown that B1 cells remain largely quiescent. They are reactivated postnatally to function as primary progenitors for neurons destined for the olfactory bulb and some corpus callosum oligodendrocytes. The cellular and molecular properties of quiescent B1 cells remain unknown. Here we found that a subpopulation of B1 cells has a unique nuclear envelope invagination specialization similar to envelope-limited chromatin sheets (ELCS), reported in certain lymphocytes and some cancer cells. Using molecular markers, [3H]thymidine birth-dating, and Ara-C, we found that B1 cells with ELCS correspond to quiescent NSCs. ELCS begin forming in embryonic radial glia cells and represent a specific nuclear compartment containing particular epigenetic modifications and telomeres. These results reveal a unique nuclear compartment in quiescent NSCs, which is useful for identifying these primary progenitors and study their gene regulation. A subpopulation of V-SVZ B cells presents nuclear ELCS ELCS appear in RGCs at E14.5 and remain in a subpopulation of B cells postnatally Type B cells with ELCS exhibit characteristics of quiescent NSCs ELCS present characteristic chromatin modifications
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Cebrián-Silla
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Alfaro-Cervelló
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980 Valencia, Spain; Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Dae Hwi Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980 Valencia, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroregeneration Mixed Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
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Mistry AM, Hale AT, Chambless LB, Weaver KD, Thompson RC, Ihrie RA. Influence of glioblastoma contact with the lateral ventricle on survival: a meta-analysis. J Neurooncol. 2017;131:125-133. [PMID: 27644688 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), which lies in the walls of the lateral ventricles (LV), is the largest neurogenic niche within the adult brain. Whether radiographic contact with the LV influences survival in glioblastoma (GBM) patients remains unclear. We assimilated and analyzed published data comparing survival in GBM patients with (LV+GBM) and without (LV-GBM) radiographic LV contact. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched. Fifteen studies with survival data on LV+GBM and LV-GBM patients were identified. Their Kaplan-Meier survival curves were digitized and pooled for generation of median overall (OS) and progression free (PFS) survivals and log-rank hazard ratios (HRs). The log-rank and reported multivariate HRs after accounting for the common predictors of GBM survival were analyzed separately by meta-analyses. The calculated median survivals (months) from pooled data were 12.95 and 16.58 (OS), and 4.54 and 6.25 (PFS) for LV+GBMs and LV-GBMs, respectively, with an overall log-rank HRs of 1.335 [1.204-1.513] (OS) and 1.387 [1.225-1.602] (PFS). Meta-analysis of log-rank HRs resulted in summary HRs of 1.58 [1.35-1.85] (OS, 10 studies) and 1.41 [1.22-1.64] (PFS, 5 studies). Meta-analysis of multivariate HRs resulted in summary HRs of 1.35 [1.14-1.58] (OS, 6 studies) and 1.64 [0.88-3.05] (PFS, 3 studies). Patients with GBM contacting the LV have lower survival. This effect may be independent of the common predictors of GBM survival, suggesting a clinical influence of V-SVZ contact on GBM biology.
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Delgado RN, Lu C, Lim DA. Maintenance of neural stem cell regional identity in culture. Neurogenesis (Austin) 2016; 3:e1187321. [PMID: 27606338 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2016.1187321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are distributed throughout the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) in the adult mouse brain. NSCs located in spatially distinct regions of the V-SVZ generate different types of olfactory bulb (OB) neurons, and the regional expression of specific transcription factors correlates with these differences in NSC developmental potential. In a recent article, we show that Nkx2.1-expressing embryonic precursors give rise to NKX2.1+ NSCs located in the ventral V-SVZ of adult mice. Here we characterize a V-SVZ monolayer culture system that retains regional gene expression and neurogenic potential of NSCs from the dorsal and ventral V-SVZ. In particular, we find that Nkx2.1-lineage V-SVZ NSCs maintain Nkx2.1 expression through serial passage and can generate new neurons in vitro. Thus, V-SVZ NSCs retain key aspects of their in vivo regional identity in culture, providing new experimental opportunities for understanding how such developmental patterns are established and maintained during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Delgado
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Changqing Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Premedical and Forensic School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, Premedical and Forensic School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Obernier K, Tong CK, Alvarez-Buylla A. Restricted nature of adult neural stem cells: re-evaluation of their potential for brain repair. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:162. [PMID: 24987325 PMCID: PMC4060730 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the walls of the lateral ventricles continue to produce new neurons and oligodendrocytes throughout life. The identification of NSCs, long-range neuronal migration, and the integration of new neurons into fully formed mature neural circuits-all in the juvenile or adult brain-has dramatically changed concepts in neurodevelopment and suggests new strategies for brain repair. Yet, the latter has to be seen in perspective: NSCs in the adult are heterogeneous and highly regionally specified; young neurons derived from these primary progenitors migrate and integrate in specific brain regions. Neurogenesis appears to have a function in brain plasticity rather than brain repair. If similar processes could be induced in regions of the brain that are normally not a target of new neurons, therapeutic neuronal replacement may one day reinstate neural circuit plasticity and possibly repair broken neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Obernier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cheuk Ka Tong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
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