1
|
Song Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Han X, Shi M, Xu L, Yu J, Zhang L, Han S. SPI1 activates TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling through transcriptional upregulation of FKBP12 to support the mesenchymal phenotype of glioma stem cells. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13217. [PMID: 37865975 PMCID: PMC11007049 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) exhibit diverse molecular subtypes with the mesenchymal (MES) population representing the most malignant variant. The oncogenic potential of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1), an oncogenic transcription factor, has been established across various human malignancies. In this study, we explored the association between the SPI1 pathway and the MES GSC phenotype. Through comprehensive analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas glioma databases, along with patient-derived GSC cultures, we analyzed SPI1 expression. Using genetic knockdown and overexpression techniques, we assessed the functional impact of SPI1 on GSC MES marker expression, invasion, proliferation, self-renewal, and sensitivity to radiation in vitro, as well as its influence on tumor formation in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the downstream signaling cascades activated by SPI1. Our findings revealed a positive correlation between elevated SPI1 expression and the MES phenotype, which in turn, correlated with poor survival. SPI1 enhanced GSC MES differentiation, self-renewal, and radioresistance in vitro, promoting tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, SPI1 augmented the transcriptional activity of both TGF-β1 and FKBP12 while activating the non-canonical PI3K/Akt pathway. Notably, inhibition of TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling partially attenuated SPI1-induced GSC MES differentiation and its associated malignant phenotype. Collectively, our results underscore SPI1's role in activating TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling through transcriptional upregulation of FKBP12, thereby supporting the aggressive MES phenotype of GSCs. Therefore, SPI1 emerges as a potential therapeutic target in glioma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Song
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yaochuan Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiaodi Han
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Mengwu Shi
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncologythe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Juanhan Yu
- Department of PathologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Sheng Han
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
LeMaster DM, Bashir Q, Hernández G. Propagation of conformational instability in FK506-binding protein FKBP12. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2024; 1872:140990. [PMID: 38142946 PMCID: PMC10939819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
FKBP12 is the archetype of the FK506 binding domains that define the family of FKBP proteins which participate in the regulation of various distinct physiological signaling processes. As the drugs FK506 and rapamycin inhibit many of these FKBP proteins, there is need to develop therapeutics which exhibit selectivity within this family. The long β4-β5 loop of the FKBP domain is known to regulate transcriptional activity for the steroid hormone receptors and appears to participate in regulating calcium channel activity for the cardiac and skeletal muscle ryanodine receptors. The β4-β5 loop of FKBP12 has been shown to undergo extensive conformational dynamics, and here we report hydrogen exchange measurements for a series of mutational variants in that loop which indicate deviations from a two-state kinetics for those dynamics. In addition to a previously characterized local transition near the tip of this loop, evidence is presented for a second site of conformational dynamics in the stem of this loop. These mutation-dependent hydrogen exchange effects extend beyond the β4-β5 loop, primarily by disrupting the hydrogen bond between the Gly 58 amide and the Tyr 80 carbonyl oxygen which links the two halves of the structural rim that surrounds the active site cleft. Mutationally-induced opening of the cleft between Gly 58 and Tyr 80 not only modulates the global stability of the protein, it promotes a conformational transition in the distant β2-β3a hairpin that modulates the binding affinity for a FKBP51-selective inhibitor previously designed to exploit a localized conformational transition at the homologous site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M LeMaster
- Biggs Laboratory Wadsworth Center, NYS Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237, United States of America
| | - Qamar Bashir
- Biggs Laboratory Wadsworth Center, NYS Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237, United States of America
| | - Griselda Hernández
- Biggs Laboratory Wadsworth Center, NYS Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang B, Li T, Xu L, Cai Y. Protective effect of FKBP12 on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice as a tacrolimus receptor. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38466901 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2320817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial intestinal disease with a high incidence. In recent years, there has been an urgent need for pleiotropic drugs with a clear biosafety profile. Tacrolimus (TAC) is an immunosuppressant with stronger in vivo effects and better gastrointestinal absorption and is considered a potential treatment for UC. FKBP12 is a mediator of TAC immunosuppression; however, it is unclear whether it can participate in the development of UC in combination with TAC. The purpose of this study is to preliminarily validate the function of FKBP12 by establishing dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model and TAC treatment. The results revealed that TAC was effective in alleviating DSS-induced UC symptoms such as body weight and disease activity index (DAI). TAC significantly protects colonic tissue and attenuates DSS-induced histomorphological changes. In addition, FKBP12 is down-regulated in the intestinal tissue of DSS-induced UC mice and in serum samples of UC patients. In conclusion, our study revealed that FKBP12 may act as a TAC receptor to have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on DSS-induced UC in mice, which will provide a new option for the treatment of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingzan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxi Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pettinato M, Aghajan M, Guo S, Bavuso Volpe L, Carleo R, Nai A, Pagani A, Altamura S, Silvestri L. A functional interplay between the two BMP-SMAD pathway inhibitors TMPRSS6 and FKBP12 regulates hepcidin expression in vivo. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G310-G317. [PMID: 38252872 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00305.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The Activin A Receptor type I (ALK2) is a critical component of BMP-SMAD signaling that, in the presence of ligands, phosphorylates cytosolic SMAD1/5/8 and modulates important biological processes, including bone formation and iron metabolism. In hepatocytes, the BMP-SMAD pathway controls the expression of hepcidin, the liver peptide hormone that regulates body iron homeostasis via the BMP receptors ALK2 and ALK3, and the hemochromatosis proteins. The main negative regulator of the pathway in the liver is transmembrane serine protease 6 (TMPRSS6), which downregulates hepcidin by cleaving the BMP coreceptor hemojuvelin. ALK2 function is inhibited also by the immunophilin FKBP12, which maintains the receptor in an inactive conformation. FKBP12 sequestration by tacrolimus or its silencing upregulates hepcidin in primary hepatocytes and in vivo in acute but not chronic settings. Interestingly, gain-of-function mutations in ALK2 that impair FKBP12 binding to the receptor and activate the pathway cause a bone phenotype in patients affected by Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva but not hepcidin and iron metabolism dysfunction. This observation suggests that additional mechanisms are active in the liver to compensate for the increased BMP-SMAD signaling. Here we demonstrate that Fkbp12 downregulation in hepatocytes by antisense oligonucleotide treatment upregulates the expression of the main hepcidin inhibitor Tmprss6, thus counteracting the ALK2-mediated activation of the pathway. Combined downregulation of both Fkbp12 and Tmprss6 blocks this compensatory mechanism. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized functional cross talk between FKBP12 and TMPRSS6, the main BMP-SMAD pathway inhibitors, in the control of hepcidin transcription.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study uncovers a previously unrecognized mechanism of hepcidin and BMP-SMAD pathway regulation in hepatocytes mediated by the immunophilin FKBP12 and the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Pettinato
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariam Aghajan
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, United States
| | - Shuling Guo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, United States
| | - Letizia Bavuso Volpe
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Carleo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Nai
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Pagani
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Silvestri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stransky F, Kostrz D, Follenfant M, Pomplun S, Meyners C, Strick T, Hausch F, Gosse C. Use of DNA forceps to measure receptor-ligand dissociation equilibrium constants in a single-molecule competition assay. Methods Enzymol 2024; 694:51-82. [PMID: 38492958 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The ability of biophysicists to decipher the behavior of individual biomolecules has steadily improved over the past thirty years. However, it still remains unclear how an ensemble of data acquired at the single-molecule level compares with the data acquired on an ensemble of the same molecules. We here propose an assay to tackle this question in the context of dissociation equilibrium constant measurements. A sensor is built by engrafting a receptor and a ligand onto a flexible dsDNA scaffold and mounting this assembly on magnetic tweezers. This way, looking at the position of the magnetic bead enables one to determine in real-time if the two molecular partners are associated or not. Next, to quantify the affinity of the scrutinized single-receptor for a given competitor, various amounts of the latter molecule are introduced in solution and the equilibrium response of the sensor is monitored throughout the titration protocol. Proofs of concept are established for the binding of three rapamycin analogs to the FKBP12 cis-trans prolyl isomerase. For each of these drugs the mean affinity constant obtained on a ten of individual receptors agrees with the one previously determined in a bulk assay. Furthermore, experimental contingencies are sufficient to explain the dispersion observed over the single-molecule values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Stransky
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Dorota Kostrz
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Maryne Follenfant
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Pomplun
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Terence Strick
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Charlie Gosse
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mina E, Wyart E, Sartori R, Angelino E, Zaggia I, Rausch V, Maldotti M, Pagani A, Hsu MY, Friziero A, Sperti C, Menga A, Graziani A, Hirsch E, Oliviero S, Sandri M, Conti L, Kautz L, Silvestri L, Porporato PE. FK506 bypasses the effect of erythroferrone in cancer cachexia skeletal muscle atrophy. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101306. [PMID: 38052214 PMCID: PMC10772350 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a hallmark of cachexia, a wasting condition typical of chronic pathologies, that still represents an unmet medical need. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad1/5/8 signaling alterations are emerging drivers of muscle catabolism, hence, characterizing these perturbations is pivotal to develop therapeutic approaches. We identified two promoters of "BMP resistance" in cancer cachexia, specifically the BMP scavenger erythroferrone (ERFE) and the intracellular inhibitor FKBP12. ERFE is upregulated in cachectic cancer patients' muscle biopsies and in murine cachexia models, where its expression is driven by STAT3. Moreover, the knock down of Erfe or Fkbp12 reduces muscle wasting in cachectic mice. To bypass the BMP resistance mediated by ERFE and release the brake on the signaling, we targeted FKBP12 with low-dose FK506. FK506 restores BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling, rescuing myotube atrophy by inducing protein synthesis. In cachectic tumor-bearing mice, FK506 prevents muscle and body weight loss and protects from neuromuscular junction alteration, suggesting therapeutic potential for targeting the ERFE-FKBP12 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Mina
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Wyart
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; VIMM: Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Elia Angelino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ivan Zaggia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Rausch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Mara Maldotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Sp142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Pagani
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Myriam Y Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Division of Cell Fate Dynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alberto Friziero
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; General Surgery 1, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Cosimo Sperti
- General Surgery 2, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Menga
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Sp142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; VIMM: Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Léon Kautz
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, University Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Silvestri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Groppe JC, Lu G, Tandang-Silvas MR, Pathi A, Konda S, Wu J, Le VQ, Culbert AL, Shore EM, Wharton KA, Kaplan FS. Polypeptide Substrate Accessibility Hypothesis: Gain-of-Function R206H Mutation Allosterically Affects Activin Receptor-like Protein Kinase Activity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1129. [PMID: 37509165 PMCID: PMC10376983 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although structurally similar to type II counterparts, type I or activin receptor-like kinases (ALKs) are set apart by a metastable helix-loop-helix (HLH) element preceding the protein kinase domain that, according to a longstanding paradigm, serves passive albeit critical roles as an inhibitor-to-substrate-binding switch. A single recurrent mutation in the codon of the penultimate residue, directly adjacent the position of a constitutively activating substitution, causes milder activation of ACVR1/ALK2 leading to sporadic heterotopic bone deposition in patients presenting with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, or FOP. To determine the protein structural-functional basis for the gain of function, R206H mutant, Q207D (aspartate-substituted caALK2) and HLH subdomain-truncated (208 Ntrunc) forms were compared to one another and the wild-type enzyme through in vitro kinase and protein-protein interaction analyses that were complemented by signaling read-out (p-Smad) in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts and Drosophila S2 cells. Contrary to the paradigm, the HLH subdomain actively suppressed the phosphotransferase activity of the enzyme, even in the absence of FKBP12. Unexpectedly, perturbation of the HLH subdomain elevated kinase activity at a distance, i.e., allosterically, at the ATP-binding and polypeptide-interacting active site cleft. Accessibility to polypeptide substrate (BMP Smad C-terminal tails) due to allosterically altered conformations of type I active sites within heterohexameric cytoplasmic signaling complexes-assembled noncanonically by activin-type II receptors extracellularly-is hypothesized to produce a gain of function of the R206H mutant protein responsible for episodic heterotopic ossification in FOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Groppe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Guorong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Mary R Tandang-Silvas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Anupama Pathi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Shruti Konda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Jingfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Viet Q Le
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andria L Culbert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eileen M Shore
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristi A Wharton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Frederick S Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Richardson SJ, Thekkedam CG, Casarotto MG, Beard NA, Dulhunty AF. FKBP12 binds to the cardiac ryanodine receptor with negative cooperativity: implications for heart muscle physiology in health and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220169. [PMID: 37122219 PMCID: PMC10150220 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2) release the Ca2+ from intracellular stores that is essential for cardiac myocyte contraction. The ion channel opening is tightly regulated by intracellular factors, including the FK506 binding proteins, FKBP12 and FKBP12.6. The impact of these proteins on RyR2 activity and cardiac contraction is debated, with often apparently contradictory experimental results, particularly for FKBP12. The isoform that regulates RyR2 has generally been considered to be FKBP12.6, despite the fact that FKBP12 is the major isoform associated with RyR2 in some species and is bound in similar proportions to FKBP12.6 in others, including sheep and humans. Here, we show time- and concentration-dependent effects of adding FKBP12 to RyR2 channels that were partly depleted of FKBP12/12.6 during isolation. The added FKBP12 displaced most remaining endogenous FKBP12/12.6. The results suggest that FKBP12 activates RyR2 with high affinity and inhibits RyR2 with lower affinity, consistent with a model of negative cooperativity in FKBP12 binding to each of the four subunits in the RyR tetramer. The easy dissociation of some FKBP12/12.6 could dynamically alter RyR2 activity in response to changes in in vivo regulatory factors, indicating a significant role for FKBP12/12.6 in Ca2+ signalling and cardiac function in healthy and diseased hearts. This article is part of the theme issue 'The heartbeat: its molecular basis and physiological mechanisms'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Richardson
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - C G Thekkedam
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - M G Casarotto
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - N A Beard
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - A F Dulhunty
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang ZW, Niu L, Riaz S. Regulation of Ryanodine Receptor-Dependent Neurotransmitter Release by AIP, Calstabins, and Presenilins. Adv Neurobiol 2023; 33:287-304. [PMID: 37615871 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34229-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are Ca2+ release channels located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Presynaptic RyRs play important roles in neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. Recent studies suggest that the proper function of presynaptic RyRs relies on several regulatory proteins, including aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein, calstabins, and presenilins. Dysfunctions of these regulatory proteins can greatly impact neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity by altering the function or expression of RyRs. This chapter aims to describe the interaction between these proteins and RyRs, elucidating their crucial role in regulating synaptic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Wen Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Longgang Niu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sadaf Riaz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Juvvadi PR, Bobay BG, Cole DC, Awwa M, Steinbach WJ. Calcineurin Inhibitor CN585 Exhibits Off-Target Effects in the Human Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8. [PMID: 36547614 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (CN) is an attractive antifungal target as it is critical for growth, stress response, drug resistance, and virulence in fungal pathogens. The immunosuppressive drugs, tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporin A (CsA), are fungistatic and specifically inhibit CN through binding to their respective immunophilins, FK506-binding protein (FKBP12), and cyclophilin (CypA). We are focused on CN structure-based approaches for the development of non-immunosuppressive FK506 analogs as antifungal therapeutics. Here, we examined the effect of the novel CN inhibitor, CN585, on the growth of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, the most common cause of invasive aspergillosis. Unexpectedly, in contrast to FK506, CN585 exhibited off-target effect on A. fumigatus wild-type and the azole- and echinocandin-resistant strains. Unlike with FK506 and CsA, the A. fumigatus CN, FKBP12, CypA mutants (ΔcnaA, Δfkbp12, ΔcypA) and various FK506-resistant mutants were all sensitive to CN585. Furthermore, in contrast to FK506 the cytosolic to nuclear translocation of the CN-dependent transcription factor (CrzA-GFP) was not inhibited by CN585. Molecular docking of CN585 onto human and A. fumigatus CN complexes revealed differential potential binding sites between human CN versus A. fumigatus CN. Our results indicate CN585 may be a non-specific inhibitor of CN with a yet undefined antifungal mechanism of activity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gobeil SM, Bobay BG, Juvvadi PR, Cole DC, Heitman J, Steinbach WJ, Venters RA, Spicer LD. Leveraging Fungal and Human Calcineurin-Inhibitor Structures, Biophysical Data, and Dynamics To Design Selective and Nonimmunosuppressive FK506 Analogs. mBio 2021; 12:e0300021. [PMID: 34809463 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.03000-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin is a critical enzyme in fungal pathogenesis and antifungal drug tolerance and, therefore, an attractive antifungal target. Current clinically accessible calcineurin inhibitors, such as FK506, are immunosuppressive to humans, so exploiting calcineurin inhibition as an antifungal strategy necessitates fungal specificity in order to avoid inhibiting the human pathway. Harnessing fungal calcineurin-inhibitor crystal structures, we recently developed a less immunosuppressive FK506 analog, APX879, with broad-spectrum antifungal activity and demonstrable efficacy in a murine model of invasive fungal infection. Our overarching goal is to better understand, at a molecular level, the interaction determinants of the human and fungal FK506-binding proteins (FKBP12) required for calcineurin inhibition in order to guide the design of fungus-selective, nonimmunosuppressive FK506 analogs. To this end, we characterized high-resolution structures of the Mucor circinelloides FKBP12 bound to FK506 and of the Aspergillus fumigatus, M. circinelloides, and human FKBP12 proteins bound to the FK506 analog APX879, which exhibits enhanced selectivity for fungal pathogens. Combining structural, genetic, and biophysical methodologies with molecular dynamics simulations, we identify critical variations in these structurally similar FKBP12-ligand complexes. The work presented here, aimed at the rational design of more effective calcineurin inhibitors, indeed suggests that modifications to the APX879 scaffold centered around the C15, C16, C18, C36, and C37 positions provide the potential to significantly enhance fungal selectivity. IMPORTANCE Invasive fungal infections are a leading cause of death in the immunocompromised patient population. The rise in drug resistance to current antifungals highlights the urgent need to develop more efficacious and highly selective agents. Numerous investigations of major fungal pathogens have confirmed the critical role of the calcineurin pathway for fungal virulence, making it an attractive target for antifungal development. Although FK506 inhibits calcineurin, it is immunosuppressive in humans and cannot be used as an antifungal. By combining structural, genetic, biophysical, and in silico methodologies, we pinpoint regions of the FK506 scaffold and a less immunosuppressive analog, APX879, centered around the C15 to C18 and C36 to C37 positions that could be altered with selective extensions and/or deletions to enhance fungal selectivity. This work represents a significant advancement toward realizing calcineurin as a viable target for antifungal drug discovery.
Collapse
|
12
|
Nehls T, Heymann T, Meyners C, Hausch F, Lermyte F. Fenton-Chemistry-Based Oxidative Modification of Proteins Reflects Their Conformation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9927. [PMID: 34576105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand protein structure to a sufficient extent for, e.g., drug discovery, no single technique can provide satisfactory information on both the lowest-energy conformation and on dynamic changes over time (the ‘four-dimensional’ protein structure). Instead, a combination of complementary techniques is required. Mass spectrometry methods have shown promise in addressing protein dynamics, but often rely on the use of high-end commercial or custom instruments. Here, we apply well-established chemistry to conformation-sensitive oxidative protein labelling on a timescale of a few seconds, followed by analysis through a routine protein analysis workflow. For a set of model proteins, we show that site selectivity of labelling can indeed be rationalised in terms of known structural information, and that conformational changes induced by ligand binding are reflected in the modification pattern. In addition to conventional bottom-up analysis, further insights are obtained from intact mass measurement and native mass spectrometry. We believe that this method will provide a valuable and robust addition to the ‘toolbox’ of mass spectrometry researchers studying higher-order protein structure.
Collapse
|
13
|
Larraufie MH, Gao X, Xia X, Devine PJ, Kallen J, Liu D, Michaud G, Harsch A, Savage N, Ding J, Tan K, Mihalic M, Roggo S, Canham SM, Bushell SM, Krastel P, Gao J, Izaac A, Altinoglu E, Lustenberger P, Salcius M, Harbinski F, Williams ET, Zeng L, Loureiro J, Cong F, Fryer CJ, Klickstein L, Tallarico JA, Jain RK, Rothman DM, Wang S. Phenotypic screen identifies calcineurin-sparing FK506 analogs as BMP potentiators for treatment of acute kidney injury. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1271-1282.e12. [PMID: 33894161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening disease with no known curative or preventive therapies. Data from multiple animal models and human studies have linked dysregulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling to AKI. Small molecules that potentiate endogenous BMP signaling should have a beneficial effect in AKI. We performed a high-throughput phenotypic screen and identified a series of FK506 analogs that act as potent BMP potentiators by sequestering FKBP12 from BMP type I receptors. We further showed that calcineurin inhibition was not required for this activity. We identified a calcineurin-sparing FK506 analog oxtFK through late-stage functionalization and structure-guided design. OxtFK demonstrated an improved safety profile in vivo relative to FK506. OxtFK stimulated BMP signaling in vitro and in vivo and protected the kidneys in an AKI mouse model, making it a promising candidate for future development as a first-in-class therapeutic for diseases with dysregulated BMP signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaolin Gao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Joerg Kallen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dong Liu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Michaud
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Harsch
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nik Savage
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jian Ding
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kian Tan
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Mihalic
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Roggo
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon M Bushell
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philipp Krastel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jinhai Gao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aude Izaac
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erhan Altinoglu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael Salcius
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fred Harbinski
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric T Williams
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Liling Zeng
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Loureiro
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Feng Cong
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christy J Fryer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Rishi K Jain
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Shaowen Wang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Williams E, Riesebos E, Kerr G, Bullock AN. ALK2 Receptor Kinase Association with FKBP12.6 Is Structurally Conserved with the ALK2-FKBP12 Complex. Biomedicines 2021; 9:129. [PMID: 33572801 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunophilin FKBP12 is a known inhibitor of type I BMP and TGF-β receptors that competes for binding with their substrate SMADs. FKBP12 and the close paralog FKBP12.6 additionally assemble with ryanodine receptors to control Ca2+ release. Binding of FKBP12.6 to BMP/TGF-β receptors has yet to be investigated, but appears plausible given its high sequence similarity to FKBP12. Here, we found that FKBP12.6 can assemble with BMP and TGF-β-family type I receptors, but not with type II receptors. Cellular immunoprecipitation confirmed similar binding of FKBP12 and FKBP12.6 to the BMP receptor ALK2 (ACVR1), a known target of mutations in the congenital syndrome fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), as well as the pediatric brain tumor diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). SEC-MALS analyses using purified proteins indicated a direct 1:1 interaction between FKBP12.6 and the receptor's cytoplasmic domains. The 2.17 Å structure of this ALK2-FKBP12.6 complex bound to the inhibitor dorsomorphin showed FKBP12.6 binding to the GS domain of ALK2 in a manner equivalent to the FKBP12 complex, with ALK2 residues Phe198 and Leu199 extending into the FK506-binding pocket of FKBP12.6. These findings suggest a level of redundancy in FKBP-family regulation of BMP and TGF-β signaling.
Collapse
|
15
|
Caminati G, Procacci P. Mounting evidence of FKBP12 implication in neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2195-2202. [PMID: 32594030 PMCID: PMC7749462 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins, such as tau or α-synuclein, have long been associated with a dysfunctional role in neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer's and Parkinson's' diseases, these proteins, sharing a common chemical-physical pattern with alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains rich in prolines, abnormally aggregate in tangles in the brain leading to progressive loss of neurons. In this review, we present an overview linking the studies on the implication of the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase domain of immunophilins, and notably FKBP12, to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the molecular origin of such a role. The involvement of FKBP12 dysregulation in the aberrant aggregation of disordered proteins pinpoints this protein as a possible therapeutic target and, at the same time, as a predictive biomarker for early diagnosis in neurodegeneration, calling for the development of reliable, fast and cost-effective detection methods in body fluids for community-based screening campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Caminati
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Piero Procacci
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Prozzillo Y, Fattorini G, Santopietro MV, Suglia L, Ruggiero A, Ferreri D, Messina G. Targeted Protein Degradation Tools: Overview and Future Perspectives. Biology (Basel) 2020; 9:biology9120421. [PMID: 33256092 PMCID: PMC7761331 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Gene inactivation is a powerful strategy to study the function of specific proteins in the context of cellular physiology that can be applied for only non-essential genes since their DNA sequence is destroyed. On the other hand, perturbing the amount of the transcript can lead to incomplete protein depletion and generate potential off-target effects. Instead, targeting at the protein level is desirable to overcome these limitations. In the last decade, several approaches have been developed and wisely improved, including compartment delocalization tools and protein degradation systems. This review highlights the most recent advances in targeted protein inactivation (TPI) and focuses on a putative novel tool to specifically degrade endogenous genetically unmodified target protein. Abstract Targeted protein inactivation (TPI) is an elegant approach to investigate protein function and its role in the cellular landscape, overcoming limitations of genetic perturbation strategies. These systems act in a reversible manner and reduce off-target effects exceeding the limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 and RNA interference, respectively. Several TPI have been developed and wisely improved, including compartment delocalization tools and protein degradation systems. However, unlike chemical tools such as PROTACs (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras), which work in a wild-type genomic background, TPI technologies require adding an aminoacidic signal sequence (tag) to the protein of interest (POI). On the other hand, the design and optimization of PROTACs are very laborious and time-consuming. In this review, we focus on anchor-away, deGradFP, auxin-inducible degron (AID) and dTAG technologies and discuss their recent applications and advances. Finally, we propose nano-grad, a novel nanobody-based protein degradation tool, which specifically proteolyzes endogenous tag-free target protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Prozzillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (M.V.S.); (L.S.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Gaia Fattorini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (M.V.S.); (L.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Maria Virginia Santopietro
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (M.V.S.); (L.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Luigi Suglia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (M.V.S.); (L.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
- Immune and Infectious Disease Division, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Ferreri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (M.V.S.); (L.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (M.V.S.); (L.S.); (D.F.)
- Pasteur Institute of Italy, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vellanki S, Garcia AE, Lee SC. Interactions of FK506 and Rapamycin With FK506 Binding Protein 12 in Opportunistic Human Fungal Pathogens. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:588913. [PMID: 33195437 PMCID: PMC7596385 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.588913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades advances in modern medicine have resulted in a global increase in the prevalence of fungal infections. Particularly people undergoing organ transplants or cancer treatments with a compromised immune system are at an elevated risk for lethal fungal infections such as invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, etc. The emergence of drug resistance in fungal pathogens poses a serious threat to mankind and it is critical to identify new targets for the development of antifungals. Calcineurin and TOR proteins are conserved across eukaryotes including pathogenic fungi. Two small molecules FK506 and rapamycin bind to FKBP12 immunophilin and the resulting complexes (FK506-FKBP12 and rapamycin-FKBP12) target calcineurin and TOR, respectively in both humans and fungi. However, due to their immunosuppressive nature these drugs in the current form cannot be used as an antifungal. To overcome this, it is important to identify key differences between human and fungal FKBP12, calcineurin, and TOR proteins which will facilitate the development of new small molecules with higher affinity toward fungal components. The current review highlights FK506/rapamycin-FKBP12 interactions with calcineurin/TOR kinase in human and fungi, and development of non-immunosuppressive analogs of FK506, rapamycin, and novel small molecules in inhibition of fungal calcineurin and TOR kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Vellanki
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexis E Garcia
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Soo Chan Lee
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xie C, Jiang W, Lacroix JJ, Luo Y, Hao J. Insight into Molecular Mechanism for Activin A-Induced Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6498. [PMID: 32899497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Activins transduce the TGF-β pathway through a heteromeric signaling complex consisting of type I and type II receptors, and activins also inhibit bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling mediated by type I receptor ALK2. Recent studies indicated that activin A cross-activates the BMP pathway through ALK2R206H, a mutation associated with Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP). How activin A inhibits ALK2WT-mediated BMP signaling but activates ALK2R206H-mediated BMP signaling is not well understood, and here we offer some insights into its molecular mechanism. We first demonstrated that among four BMP type I receptors, ALK2 is the only subtype able to mediate the activin A-induced BMP signaling upon the dissociation of FKBP12. We further showed that BMP4 does not cross-signal TGF-β pathway upon FKBP12 inhibition. In addition, although the roles of type II receptors in the ligand-independent BMP signaling activated by FOP-associated mutant ALK2 have been reported, their roles in activin A-induced BMP signaling remains unclear. We demonstrated in this study that the known type II BMP receptors contribute to activin A-induced BMP signaling through their kinase activity. Together, the current study provided important mechanistic insights at the molecular level into further understanding physiological and pathophysiological BMP signaling.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mota-Martorell N, Jove M, Pradas I, Berdún R, Sanchez I, Naudi A, Gari E, Barja G, Pamplona R. Gene expression and regulatory factors of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 predict mammalian longevity. GeroScience 2020; 42:1157-1173. [PMID: 32578071 PMCID: PMC7434991 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Species longevity varies significantly across animal species, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent studies and omics approaches suggest that phenotypic traits of longevity could converge in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. The present study focuses on the comparative approach in heart tissue from 8 mammalian species with a ML ranging from 3.5 to 46 years. Gene expression, protein content, and concentration of regulatory metabolites of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) were measured using droplet digital PCR, western blot, and mass spectrometry, respectively. Our results demonstrate (1) the existence of differences in species-specific gene expression and protein content of mTORC1, (2) that the achievement of a high longevity phenotype correlates with decreased and inhibited mTORC1, (3) a decreased content of mTORC1 activators in long-lived animals, and (4) that these differences are independent of phylogeny. Our findings, taken together, support an important role for mTORC1 downregulation in the evolution of long-lived mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariona Jove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Irene Pradas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Berdún
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabel Sanchez
- Proteomics and Genomics Unit, University of Lleida, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alba Naudi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eloi Gari
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gustavo Barja
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bashir Q, Li Z, Li H, LeMaster DM, Hernández G. Crystal structure and transient dimerization for the FKBP12 protein from the pathogenic fungus Candida auris. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:1103-8. [PMID: 32184021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
International concern over the recent emergence of Candida auris infections reflects not only its comparative ease of transmission and substantial mortality but the increasing level of resistance observed to all three major classes of antifungal drugs. Diminution in virulence has been reported for a wide range of fungal pathogens when the FK506-binding protein FKBP12 binds to that immunosuppressant drug and the binary complex then inhibits the fungal calcineurin signaling pathway. Structure-based drug design efforts have described modifications of FK506 which modestly reduce virulence for a number of fungal pathogens while also lessening the side effect of suppressing the tissue immunity response in the patient. To aid in such studies, we report the crystal structure of Candida auris FKBP12. As physiological relevance has been proposed for transient homodimerization interactions of distantly related fungal FKBP12 proteins, we report the solution NMR characterization of the homodimerization interactions of the FKBP12 proteins from both Candida auris and Candida glabrata.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sánchez-Solano A, Corral N, Segura-Covarrubias G, Guzmán-Hernández ML, Arechiga-Figueroa I, Cruz-Rangel S, Pérez-Cornejo P, Arreola J. Regulation of the Ca 2+-activated chloride channel Anoctamin-1 (TMEM16A) by Ca 2+-induced interaction with FKBP12 and calcineurin. Cell Calcium 2020; 89:102211. [PMID: 32422433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chloride fluxes through the calcium-gated chloride channel Anoctamin-1 (TMEM16A) control blood pressure, secretion of saliva, mucin, insulin, and melatonin, gastrointestinal motility, sperm capacitation and motility, and pain sensation. Calcium activates a myriad of regulatory proteins but how these proteins affect TMEM16A activity is unresolved. Here we show by co-immunoprecipitation that increasing intracellular calcium with ionomycin or by activating sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, induces coupling of calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin and prolyl isomerase FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12) to TMEM16A in HEK-293 cells. Application of drugs that target either calcineurin (cyclosporine A) or FKBP12 (tacrolimus known as FK506 and sirolimus known as rapamycin) caused a decrease in TMEM16A activity. In addition, FK506 and BAPTA-AM prevented co-immunoprecipitation between FKBP12 and TMEM16A. FK506 rendered the channel insensitive to cyclosporine A without altering its apparent calcium sensitivity whereas zero intracellular calcium blocked the effect of FK506. Rapamycin decreased TMEM16A activity in cells pre-treated with cyclosporine A or FK506. These results suggest the formation of a TMEM16A-FKBP12-calcineurin complex that regulates channel function. We conclude that upon a cytosolic calcium increase the TMEM16A-FKPB12-calcineurin trimers are assembled. Such hetero-oligomerization enhances TMEM16A channel activity but is not mandatory for activation by calcium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Sánchez-Solano
- Physics Institute, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ave. Dr. Manuel Nava #6, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78290, Mexico
| | - Nancy Corral
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí School of Medicine, Ave. V. Carranza 2405, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78290, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Segura-Covarrubias
- Physics Institute, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ave. Dr. Manuel Nava #6, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78290, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Guzmán-Hernández
- Cátedra CONACYT, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ave. V. Carranza 2405, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78290, Mexico
| | - Ivan Arechiga-Figueroa
- Cátedra CONACYT, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ave. V. Carranza 2405, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78290, Mexico
| | - Silvia Cruz-Rangel
- Physics Institute, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ave. Dr. Manuel Nava #6, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78290, Mexico
| | - Patricia Pérez-Cornejo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí School of Medicine, Ave. V. Carranza 2405, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78290, Mexico
| | - Jorge Arreola
- Physics Institute, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ave. Dr. Manuel Nava #6, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78290, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bashir Q, LeMaster DM, Hernández G. 1H, 13C, 15 N chemical shift assignments of the FKBP12 protein from the pathogenic fungi Candida auris and Candida glabrata. Biomol NMR Assign 2020; 14:105-109. [PMID: 31950462 PMCID: PMC7566231 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance is becoming an increasingly severe clinical challenge not only among pathogenic bacteria but among fungal pathogens as well. Drug design is inherently more challenging for the eukaryotic fungi due to their closer evolutionary similarity to humans. The recent rapid expansion in invasive infections throughout the world by Candida auris is of particular concern due to a substantial mortality rate, comparatively facile transmission, and an increasing level of resistance to all three of the major classes of anti-fungal drugs. One promising avenue for the development of an alternative class of anti-fungal agents currently under investigation is for drugs against the FK506-binding protein FKBP12 which, when bound to that drug, inhibits the fungal calcineurin signaling pathway with a resultant diminution in virulence. The specific challenge to this approach is that the homologous human calcineurin pathway functions in controlling the tissue immunity response, so that drug selectivity for the fungal pathway must be designed. To facilitate such efforts, we report the nearly complete backbone and sidechain resonances for the FKBP12 proteins of both Candida auris and clinically significant Candida glabrata fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Bashir
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - David M LeMaster
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Griselda Hernández
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Juvvadi PR, Bobay BG, Gobeil SMC, Cole DC, Venters RA, Heitman J, Spicer LD, Steinbach WJ. FKBP12 dimerization mutations effect FK506 binding and differentially alter calcineurin inhibition in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:48-54. [PMID: 32192767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The 12-kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP12) is the target of the commonly used immunosuppressive drug FK506. The FKBP12-FK506 complex binds to calcineurin and inhibits its activity, leading to immunosuppression and preventing organ transplant rejection. Our recent characterization of crystal structures of FKBP12 proteins in pathogenic fungi revealed the involvement of the 80's loop residue (Pro90) in the active site pocket in self-substrate interaction providing novel evidence on FKBP12 dimerization in vivo. The 40's loop residues have also been shown to be involved in reversible dimerization of FKBP12 in the mammalian and yeast systems. To understand how FKBP12 dimerization affects FK506 binding and influences calcineurin function, we generated Aspergillus fumigatus FKBP12 mutations in the 40's and 50's loop (F37 M/L; W60V). Interestingly, the mutants exhibited variable FK506 susceptibility in vivo indicating differing dimer strengths. In comparison to the 80's loop P90G and V91C mutants, the F37 M/L and W60V mutants exhibited greater FK506 resistance, with the F37M mutation showing complete loss in calcineurin binding in vivo. Molecular dynamics and pulling simulations for each dimeric FKBP12 protein revealed a two-fold increase in dimer strength and significantly higher number of contacts for the F37M, F37L, and W60V mutations, further confirming their varying degree of impact on FK506 binding and calcineurin inhibition in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen R Juvvadi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Benjamin G Bobay
- Duke University NMR Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sophie M C Gobeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - D Christopher Cole
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ronald A Venters
- Duke University NMR Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Leonard D Spicer
- Duke University NMR Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - William J Steinbach
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Serrano-Bueno G, Said FE, de Los Reyes P, Lucas-Reina EI, Ortiz-Marchena MI, Romero JM, Valverde F. CONSTANS- FKBP12 interaction contributes to modulation of photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2020; 101:1287-1302. [PMID: 31661582 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time is a key process in plant development. Photoperiodic signals play a crucial role in the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana, and the protein CONSTANS (CO) has a central regulatory function that is tightly regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. The stability of CO protein depends on a light-driven proteasome process that optimizes its accumulation in the evening to promote the production of the florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and induce seasonal flowering. To further investigate the post-translational regulation of CO protein we have dissected its interactome network employing in vivo and in vitro assays and molecular genetics approaches. The immunophilin FKBP12 has been identified in Arabidopsis as a CO interactor that regulates its accumulation and activity. FKBP12 and CO interact through the CCT domain, affecting the stability and function of CO. fkbp12 insertion mutants show a delay in flowering time, while FKBP12 overexpression accelerates flowering, and these phenotypes can be directly related to a change in accumulation of FT protein. The interaction is conserved between the Chlamydomonas algal orthologs CrCO-CrFKBP12, revealing an ancient regulatory step in photoperiod regulation of plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Serrano-Bueno
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49 Americo Vespucio, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fatima E Said
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49 Americo Vespucio, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pedro de Los Reyes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49 Americo Vespucio, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva I Lucas-Reina
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49 Americo Vespucio, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Isabel Ortiz-Marchena
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49 Americo Vespucio, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49 Americo Vespucio, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Reina Mercedes, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Federico Valverde
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49 Americo Vespucio, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ornelas IM, Khandker L, Wahl SE, Hashimoto H, Macklin WB, Wood TL. The mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway downregulates bone morphogenetic protein signaling to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation. Glia 2020; 68:1274-1290. [PMID: 31904150 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiate and mature into oligodendrocytes, which produce myelin in the central nervous system. Prior studies have shown that the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is necessary for proper myelination of the mouse spinal cord and that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling inhibits oligodendrocyte differentiation, in part by promoting expression of inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2). Here we provide evidence that mTOR functions specifically in the transition from early stage OPC to immature oligodendrocyte by downregulating BMP signaling during postnatal spinal cord development. When mTOR is deleted from the oligodendrocyte lineage, expression of the FK506 binding protein 1A (FKBP12), a suppressor of BMP receptor activity, is reduced, downstream Smad activity is increased and Id2 expression is elevated. Additionally, mTOR inhibition with rapamycin in differentiating OPCs alters the transcriptional complex present at the Id2 promoter. Deletion of mTOR in oligodendroglia in vivo resulted in fewer late stage OPCs and fewer newly formed oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord with no effect on OPC proliferation or cell cycle exit. Finally, we demonstrate that inhibiting BMP signaling rescues the rapamycin-induced deficit in myelin protein expression. We conclude that mTOR promotes early oligodendrocyte differentiation by suppressing BMP signaling in OPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isis M Ornelas
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Luipa Khandker
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Stacey E Wahl
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Hirokazu Hashimoto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Teresa L Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xing M, Wang J, Yang Q, Wang Y, Li J, Xiong J, Zhou S. FKBP12 is a predictive biomarker for efficacy of anthracycline-based chemotherapy in breast cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:861-72. [PMID: 31428819 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12) is abundant, ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic protein with multiple functions in cell signaling transduction. Recently, we reported a novel function for FKBP12 in oncoprotein mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) self-ubiquitination and degradation, which greatly enhanced the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. However, the clinical relevance remains unclear. Methods An immunohistochemical analysis of FKBP12 expression was performed in a cohort of 524 patients with invasive breast cancer. The correlations of FKBP12 expression with patient survival and chemoresponse were statistically analyzed. MDA-MB-468 cells were transfected with FKBP12 siRNA or Myc-tagged FKBP12, and then, the tumor cells were treated with doxorubicin followed by western blot, cell viability, and apoptosis assay. Results The expression of FKBP12 was decreased in breast cancer tissues, and there was a significant correlation between FKBP12 loss and MDM2 overexpression. Furthermore, FKBP12 loss was specifically correlated with poor prognosis and increased resistance to anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were both significantly lower in the low FKBP12 expression group than those in the high FKBP12 expression group. In patients treated with anthracycline-based preoperative chemotherapy, low FKBP12 expression patients had a significant lower rate of pathologic complete response (pCR). Importantly, these results seemed to be driven mainly by MDM2. These observations were especially prominent in the MDM2-positive subgroup. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that FKBP12 loss was an independent factor for predicting prognosis and pCR. In in vitro assay, FKBP12 silence led to significant upregulation of MDM2. Accordingly, MDA-MB-468 cells with FKBP12 silence were less responsive to doxorubicin-induced cytotoxic and apoptotic effect. In contrast, in FKBP12-transfected MDA-MB-468 cells, MDM2 was more greatly inhibited by doxorubicin, resulting in greater cytotoxic and apoptotic effect. Conclusions We propose that FKBP12 loss, which can be enhanced by MDM2 overexpression, predicts poor prognosis and chemoresistance. Increasing the expression of FKBP12 may be a valuable strategy to add to anthracycline-based chemotherapy, especially in MDM2-overexpressed patients.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Protein silencing is often employed as a means to aid investigations in protein function and is increasingly desired as a therapeutic approach. Several types of protein silencing methodologies have been developed, including targeting the encoding genes, transcripts, the process of translation or the protein directly. Despite these advances, most silencing systems suffer from limitations. Silencing protein expression through genetic ablation, for example by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, is irreversible, time consuming and not always feasible. Similarly, RNA interference approaches warrant prolonged treatments, can lead to incomplete protein depletion and are often associated with off-target effects. Targeted proteolysis has the potential to overcome some of these limitations. The field of targeted proteolysis has witnessed the emergence of many methodologies aimed at targeting specific proteins for degradation in a spatio-temporal manner. In this review, we provide an appraisal of the different targeted proteolytic systems and discuss their applications in understanding protein function, as well as their potential in therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Röth
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Luke J Fulcher
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gobeil SMC, Bobay BG, Spicer LD, Venters RA. 15N, 13C and 1H resonance assignments of FKBP12 proteins from the pathogenic fungi Mucor circinelloides and Aspergillus fumigatus. Biomol NMR Assign 2019; 13:207-212. [PMID: 30707421 PMCID: PMC6439170 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-019-09878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are a leading cause of death in immunocompromised patients and remain difficult to treat since fungal pathogens, like mammals, are eukaryotes and share many orthologous proteins. As a result, current antifungal drugs have limited clinical value, are sometimes toxic, can adversely affect human reaction pathways and are increasingly ineffective due to emerging resistance. One potential antifungal drug, FK506, establishes a ternary complex between the phosphatase, calcineurin, and the 12-kDa peptidyl-prolyl isomerase FK506-binding protein, FKBP12. It has been well established that calcineurin, highly conserved from yeast to mammals, is necessary for invasive fungal disease and is inhibited when in complex with FK506/FKBP12. Unfortunately, FK506 is also immunosuppressive in humans, precluding its usage as an antifungal drug, especially in immunocompromised patients. Whereas the homology between human and fungal calcineurin proteins is > 80%, the human and fungal FKBP12s share 48-58% sequence identity, making them more amenable candidates for drug targeting efforts. Here we report the backbone and sidechain NMR assignments of recombinant FKBP12 proteins from the pathogenic fungi Mucor circinelloides and Aspergillus fumigatus in the apo form and compare these to the backbone assignments of the FK506 bound form. In addition, we report the backbone assignments of the apo and FK506 bound forms of the Homo sapiens FKBP12 protein for evaluation against the fungal forms. These data are the first steps towards defining, at a residue specific level, the impacts of FK506 binding to fungal and mammalian FKBP12 proteins. Our data highlight differences between the human and fungal FKBP12s that could lead to the design of more selective anti-fungal drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonard D Spicer
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Hepcidin, the main regulator of iron metabolism, is synthesized and released by hepatocytes in response to increased body iron concentration and inflammation. Deregulation of hepcidin expression is a common feature of genetic and acquired iron disorders: in Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH) and iron-loading anemias low hepcidin causes iron overload, while in Iron Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia (IRIDA) and anemia of inflammation (AI), high hepcidin levels induce iron-restricted erythropoiesis. Hepcidin expression in the liver is mainly controlled by the BMP-SMAD pathway, activated in a paracrine manner by BMP2 and BMP6 produced by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. The BMP type I receptors ALK2 and ALK3 are responsible for iron-dependent hepcidin upregulation and basal hepcidin expression, respectively. Characterization of animal models with genetic inactivation of the key components of the pathway has suggested the existence of two BMP/SMAD pathway branches: the first ALK3 and HH proteins dependent, responsive to BMP2 for basal hepcidin activation, and the second ALK2 dependent, activated by BMP6 in response to increased tissue iron. The erythroid inhibitor of hepcidin Erythroferrone also impacts on the liver BMP-SMAD pathway although its effect is blunted by pathway hyper-activation. The liver BMP-SMAD pathway is required also in inflammation to cooperate with JAK2/STAT3 signaling for full hepcidin activation. Pharmacologic targeting of BMP-SMAD pathway components or regulators may improve the outcome of both genetic and acquired disorders of iron overload and deficiency by increasing or inhibiting hepcidin expression.
Collapse
|
30
|
Steele TWE, Samsó M. The FKBP12 subunit modifies the long-range allosterism of the ryanodine receptor. J Struct Biol 2019; 205:180-188. [PMID: 30641143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are large conductance intracellular channels controlling intracellular calcium homeostasis in myocytes, neurons, and other cell types. Loss of RyR's constitutive cytoplasmic partner FKBP results in channel sensitization, dominant subconductance states, and increased cytoplasmic Ca2+. FKBP12 binds to RyR1's cytoplasmic assembly 130 Å away from the ion gate at four equivalent sites in the RyR1 tetramer. To understand how FKBP12 binding alters RyR1's channel properties, we studied the 3D structure of RyR1 alone in the closed conformation in the context of the open and closed conformations of FKBP12-bound RyR1. We analyzed the metrics of conformational changes of existing structures, the structure of the ion gate, and carried out multivariate statistical analysis of thousands of individual cryoEM RyR1 particles. We find that under closed state conditions, in the presence of FKBP12, the cytoplasmic domain of RyR1 adopts an upward conformation, whereas absence of FKBP12 results in a relaxed conformation, while the ion gate remains closed. The relaxed conformation is intermediate between the RyR1-FKBP12 complex closed (upward) and open (downward) conformations. The closed-relaxed conformation of RyR1 appears to be consistent with a lower energy barrier separating the closed and open states of RyR1-FKBP12, and suggests that FKBP12 plays an important role by restricting conformations within RyR1's conformational landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W E Steele
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Montserrat Samsó
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
In recent years, many members of the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family were increasingly linked to various diseases. The binding domain of FKBPs differs only in a few amino acid residues, but their biological roles are versatile. High-affinity ligands with selectivity between close homologs are scarce. This review will give an overview of the most prominent ligands developed for FKBPs and highlight a perspective for future developments. More precisely, human FKBPs and correlated diseases will be discussed as well as microbial FKBPs in the context of anti-bacterial and anti-fungal therapeutics. The last section gives insights into high-affinity ligands as chemical tools and dimerizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Felix Hausch
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee Y, Lee KT, Lee SJ, Beom JY, Hwangbo A, Jung JA, Song MC, Yoo YJ, Kang SH, Averette AF, Heitman J, Yoon YJ, Cheong E, Bahn YS. In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of FK506 Analogs as Novel Antifungal Drug Candidates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e01627-18. [PMID: 30181374 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01627-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
FK506 (tacrolimus) is an FDA-approved immunosuppressant indicated for the prevention of allograft rejections in patients undergoing organ transplants. In mammals, FK506 inhibits the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway to prevent T-cell proliferation by forming a ternary complex with its binding protein, FKBP12, and calcineurin. FK506 also exerts antifungal activity by inhibiting calcineurin, which is essential for the virulence of human-pathogenic fungi. Nevertheless, FK506 cannot be used directly as an antifungal drug due to its immunosuppressive action. In this study, we analyzed the cytotoxicity, immunosuppressive activity, and antifungal activity of four FK506 analogs, 31-O-demethyl-FK506, 9-deoxo-FK506, 9-deoxo-31-O-demethyl-FK506, and 9-deoxo-prolyl-FK506, in comparison with that of FK506. The four FK506 analogs generally possessed lower cytotoxicity and immunosuppressive activity than FK506. The FK506 analogs, except for 9-deoxo-prolyl-FK506, had strong antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans, which are two major invasive pathogenic yeasts, due to the inhibition of the calcineurin pathway. Furthermore, the FK506 analogs, except for 9-deoxo-prolyl-FK506, had strong antifungal activity against the invasive filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus Notably, 9-deoxo-31-O-demethyl-FK506 and 31-O-demethyl-FK506 exhibited robust synergistic antifungal activity with fluconazole, similar to FK506. Considering the antifungal efficacy, cytotoxicity, immunosuppressive activity, and synergistic effect with commercial antifungal drugs, we selected 9-deoxo-31-O-demethyl-FK506 for further evaluation of its in vivo antifungal efficacy in a murine model of systemic cryptococcosis. Although 9-deoxo-31-O-demethyl-FK506 alone was not sufficient to treat the cryptococcal infection, when it was used in combination with fluconazole, it significantly extended the survival of C. neoformans-infected mice, confirming the synergistic in vivo antifungal efficacy between these two agents.
Collapse
|
33
|
Lu G, Tandang-Silvas MR, Dawson AC, Dawson TJ, Groppe JC. Hypoxia-selective allosteric destabilization of activin receptor-like kinases: A potential therapeutic avenue for prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification. Bone 2018; 112:71-89. [PMID: 29626545 PMCID: PMC9851731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO), the pathological extraskeletal formation of bone, can arise from blast injuries, severe burns, orthopedic procedures and gain-of-function mutations in a component of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway, the ACVR1/ALK2 receptor serine-threonine (protein) kinase, causative of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP). All three ALKs (-2, -3, -6) that play roles in bone morphogenesis contribute to trauma-induced HO, hence are well-validated pharmacological targets. That said, development of inhibitors, typically competitors of ATP binding, is inherently difficult due to the conserved nature of the active site of the 500+ human protein kinases. Since these enzymes are regulated via inherent plasticity, pharmacological chaperone-like drugs binding to another (allosteric) site could hypothetically modulate kinase conformation and activity. To test for such a mechanism, a surface pocket of ALK2 kinase formed largely by a key allosteric substructure was targeted by supercomputer docking of drug-like compounds from a virtual library. Subsequently, the effects of docked hits were further screened in vitro with purified recombinant kinase protein. A family of compounds with terminal hydrogen-bonding acceptor groups was identified that significantly destabilized the protein, inhibiting activity. Destabilization was pH-dependent, putatively mediated by ionization of a histidine within the allosteric substructure with decreasing pH. In vivo, nonnative proteins are degraded by proteolysis in the proteasome complex, or cellular trashcan, allowing for the emergence of therapeutics that inhibit through degradation of over-active proteins implicated in the pathology of diseases and disorders. Because HO is triggered by soft-tissue trauma and ensuing hypoxia, dependency of ALK destabilization on hypoxic pH imparts selective efficacy on the allosteric inhibitors, providing potential for safe prophylactic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, United States
| | - Mary R Tandang-Silvas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, United States
| | - Alyssa C Dawson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, United States
| | - Trenton J Dawson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, United States
| | - Jay C Groppe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Machiya A, Tsukamoto S, Ohte S, Kuratani M, Fujimoto M, Kumagai K, Osawa K, Suda N, Bullock AN, Katagiri T. Effects of FKBP12 and type II BMP receptors on signal transduction by ALK2 activating mutations associated with genetic disorders. Bone 2018; 111:101-108. [PMID: 29551750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Various substitution mutations in ALK2, a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), have been identified in patients with genetic disorders such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and heart defects. In this study, we characterized the ALK2 mutants R258G, G328V and F246Y, which were identified in patients with severe FOP, DIPG and unusual hereditary skeletal dysplasia, respectively. Both R258G and G328V were gain-of-function mutations, but F246Y was equivalent to wild-type ALK2. We also examined the effect of the suppressor FKBP12 on the signal transduction of a further 14 ALK2 mutations associated with FOP and/or DIPG. To varying extents FKBP12 over-expression suppressed the basal signaling induced by thirteen of the ALK2 mutants, whereas PF197-8L was uniquely resistant. In the PF197-8L mutant, the modelled ALK2 residue L197 induced a steric clash with the D36 residue in FKBP12 and dissociated their interaction. The co-expression of BMP type II receptors or stimulation with ligands relieved the suppression by FKBP12 by disrupting the interaction between mutant ALK2 and FKBP12. Taken together, FKBP12 binds to and suppresses mutant ALK2 proteins associated with FOP and DIPG, except for PF197-8L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Machiya
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sho Tsukamoto
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; Project of Clinical and Basic Research for FOP, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohte
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mai Kuratani
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mai Fujimoto
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keigo Kumagai
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Osawa
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; Ivy Dental Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoto Suda
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Takenobu Katagiri
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; Project of Clinical and Basic Research for FOP, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alavilli H, Lee H, Park M, Yun DJ, Lee BH. Enhanced multiple stress tolerance in Arabidopsis by overexpression of the polar moss peptidyl prolyl isomerase FKBP12 gene. Plant Cell Rep 2018; 37:453-465. [PMID: 29247292 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PaFKBP12 overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in stress tolerance to heat, ABA, drought, and salt stress, in addition to growth promotion under normal conditions. Polytrichastrum alpinum (alpine haircap moss) is one of polar organisms that can withstand the severe conditions of the Antarctic. In this study, we report the isolation of a peptidyl prolyl isomerase FKBP12 gene (PaFKBP12) from P. alpinum collected in the Antarctic and its functional implications in development and stress responses in plants. In P. alpinum, PaFKBP12 expression was induced by heat and ABA. Overexpression of PaFKBP12 in Arabidopsis increased the plant size, which appeared to result from increased rates of cell cycle. Under heat stress conditions, PaFKBP12-overexpressing lines (PaFKBP12-OE) showed better growth and survival than the wild type. PaFKBP12-OE also showed higher root elongation rates, better shoot growth and enhanced survival at higher concentrations of ABA in comparison to the wild type. In addition, PaFKBP12-OE were more tolerant to drought and salt stress than the wild type. All these phenotypes were accompanied with higher induction of the stress responsive genes in PaFKBP12-OE than in the wild type. Taken together, our findings revealed important functions of PaFKBP12 in plant development and abiotic stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Ha Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Raimondo L, D'Amato V, Servetto A, Rosa R, Marciano R, Formisano L, Di Mauro C, Orsini RC, Cascetta P, Ciciola P, De Maio AP, Di Renzo MF, Cosconati S, Bruno A, Randazzo A, Napolitano F, Montuori N, Veneziani BM, De Placido S, Bianco R. Everolimus induces Met inactivation by disrupting the FKBP12/Met complex. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40073-40084. [PMID: 27223077 PMCID: PMC5129993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a promising treatment strategy for several cancer types. Rapamycin derivatives such as everolimus are allosteric mTOR inhibitors acting through interaction with the intracellular immunophilin FKBP12, a prolyl isomerase with different cellular functions. Although mTOR inhibitors have significantly improved survival of different cancer patients, resistance and lack of predictive factors of response remain unsolved issues. To elucidate the mechanisms of resistance to everolimus, we evaluated Met activation in everolimus-sensitive/resistant human cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo. Biochemical and computational analyses were performed. Everolimus-resistant cells were xenografted into mice (10/group) and studied for their response to everolimus and Met inhibitors. The statistical significance of the in vitro results was evaluated by Student's t test. Everolimus reduced Met phosphorylation in everolimus-sensitive cells. This event was mediated by the formation of a Met-FKBP12 complex, which in turn is disrupted by everolimus. Aberrant Met activation in everolimus-resistant cells and overexpression of wild-type/mutant Met caused everolimus resistance. Pharmacological inhibition and RNA silencing of Met are effective in condition of everolimus resistance (P<0.01). In mice xenografted with everolimus-resistant cells, the combination of everolimus with the Met inhibitor PHA665752 reduced tumor growth and induced a statistically significant survival advantage (combination vs control P=0.0005). FKBP12 binding is required for full Met activation and everolimus can inhibit Met. Persistent Met activation might sustain everolimus resistance. These results identify a novel everolimus mechanism of action and suggest the development of clinical strategies based on Met inhibitors in everolimus-resistant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Raimondo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Amato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Servetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Rosa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Marciano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Clara Orsini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Priscilla Cascetta
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Ciciola
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Paula De Maio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Flavia Di Renzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Agostino Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Veneziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Bianco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Caraveo G, Soste M, Cappelleti V, Fanning S, van Rossum DB, Whitesell L, Huang Y, Chung CY, Baru V, Zaichick S, Picotti P, Lindquist S. FKBP12 contributes to α-synuclein toxicity by regulating the calcineurin-dependent phosphoproteome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E11313-E11322. [PMID: 29229832 PMCID: PMC5748183 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711926115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin is an essential Ca2+-dependent phosphatase. Increased calcineurin activity is associated with α-synuclein (α-syn) toxicity, a protein implicated in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Calcineurin can be inhibited with Tacrolimus through the recruitment and inhibition of the 12-kDa cis-trans proline isomerase FK506-binding protein (FKBP12). Whether calcineurin/FKBP12 represents a native physiologically relevant assembly that occurs in the absence of pharmacological perturbation has remained elusive. We leveraged α-syn as a model to interrogate whether FKBP12 plays a role in regulating calcineurin activity in the absence of Tacrolimus. We show that FKBP12 profoundly affects the calcineurin-dependent phosphoproteome, promoting the dephosphorylation of a subset of proteins that contributes to α-syn toxicity. Using a rat model of PD, partial elimination of the functional interaction between FKBP12 and calcineurin, with low doses of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compound Tacrolimus, blocks calcineurin's activity toward those proteins and protects against the toxic hallmarks of α-syn pathology. Thus, FKBP12 can endogenously regulate calcineurin activity with therapeutic implications for the treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Caraveo
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142;
| | - Martin Soste
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cappelleti
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele, Italy
| | - Saranna Fanning
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Damian B van Rossum
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Chee Yeun Chung
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Valeriya Baru
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Sofia Zaichick
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Paola Picotti
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vivoli M, Renou J, Chevalier A, Norville IH, Diaz S, Juli C, Atkins H, Holzgrabe U, Renard PY, Sarkar-Tyson M, Harmer NJ. A miniaturized peptidyl-prolyl isomerase enzyme assay. Anal Biochem 2017; 536:59-68. [PMID: 28803887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Prolyl-peptidyl isomerases (PPIases) are enzymes that are found in all living organisms. They form an essential part of the cellular protein folding homeostasis machinery. PPIases are associated with many important human diseases, e.g. cardiovascular disease, cancer and Alzheimer's. The development of novel PPIase inhibitors has been limited by the lack of a rapid, laboratory-based assay for these enzymes, as their substrates and products are challenging to distinguish. A well described continuous assay, coupled with the hydrolysis of a peptide by chymotrypsin is highly effective, but comparatively slow. To address this, we developed an improved version of the traditional assay using a temperature controlled plate reader. This assay allows semi-automated medium throughput assays in an academic laboratory for 84 samples per day. The assay shows lower errors, with an average Z' of 0.72. We further developed the assay using a fluorogenic peptide-based FRET probe. This provides an extremely sensitive PPIase assay using substrate at 200 nM, which approaches single turnover conditions. The fluorescent probe achieves an excellent quenching efficiency of 98.6%, and initial experiments showed acceptable Z' of 0.31 and 0.30 for cyclophilin A and hFKBP12 respectively. The assays provide an improved toolset for the quantitative, biochemical analysis of PPIases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Vivoli
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Renou
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSAREOUEN, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, 1 rue Tesnière 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Arnaud Chevalier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSAREOUEN, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, 1 rue Tesnière 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Isobel H Norville
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Suraya Diaz
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Juli
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 970074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helen Atkins
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 970074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSAREOUEN, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, 1 rue Tesnière 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Mitali Sarkar-Tyson
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom; Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Harmer
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pérez-Pérez ME, Couso I, Crespo JL. The TOR Signaling Network in the Model Unicellular Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biomolecules 2017; 7:E54. [PMID: 28704927 DOI: 10.3390/biom7030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell growth is tightly coupled to nutrient availability. The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase transmits nutritional and environmental cues to the cellular growth machinery. TOR functions in two distinct multiprotein complexes, termed TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TOR complex 2 (TORC2). While the structure and functions of TORC1 are highly conserved in all eukaryotes, including algae and plants, TORC2 core proteins seem to be missing in photosynthetic organisms. TORC1 controls cell growth by promoting anabolic processes, including protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis, and inhibiting catabolic processes such as autophagy. Recent studies identified rapamycin-sensitive TORC1 signaling regulating cell growth, autophagy, lipid metabolism, and central metabolic pathways in the model unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The central role that microalgae play in global biomass production, together with the high biotechnological potential of these organisms in biofuel production, has drawn attention to the study of proteins that regulate cell growth such as the TOR kinase. In this review we discuss the recent progress on TOR signaling in algae.
Collapse
|
40
|
Nambu M, Covel JA, Kapoor M, Li X, Moloney MK, Numa MM, Soltow QA, Trzoss M, Webb P, Webb RR, Mutz M. A calcineurin antifungal strategy with analogs of FK506. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2465-2471. [PMID: 28412204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel antifungal strategy targeting the inhibition of calcineurin is described. To develop a calcineurin based inhibitor of pathogenic fungi, analogs of FK506 were synthesized that were able to permeate mammalian but not fungal cells. Antagonists in combination with FK506 were not immunosuppressive and retained antifungal activity in A. fumigatus. To reduce the dosage burden of the antagonist, murine oral PK was improved an order of magnitude relative to previous FK506 antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Nambu
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
| | - Jonathan A Covel
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Mili Kapoor
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Molly K Moloney
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Mehdi M Numa
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Quinlyn A Soltow
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Michael Trzoss
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Peter Webb
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Robert R Webb
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Mitchell Mutz
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Juvvadi PR, Lee SC, Heitman J, Steinbach WJ. Calcineurin in fungal virulence and drug resistance: Prospects for harnessing targeted inhibition of calcineurin for an antifungal therapeutic approach. Virulence 2017; 8:186-197. [PMID: 27325145 PMCID: PMC5354160 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1201250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in the incidence and mortality due to the major invasive fungal infections such as aspergillosis, candidiasis and cryptococcosis caused by the species of Aspergillus, Candida and Cryptococcus, are a growing threat to the immunosuppressed patient population. In addition to the limited armamentarium of the current classes of antifungal agents available (pyrimidine analogs, polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins), their toxicity, efficacy and the emergence of resistance are major bottlenecks limiting successful patient outcomes. Although these drugs target distinct fungal pathways, there is an urgent need to develop new antifungals that are more efficacious, fungal-specific, with reduced or no toxicity and simultaneously do not induce resistance. Here we review several lines of evidence which indicate that the calcineurin signaling pathway, a target of the immunosuppressive drugs FK506 and cyclosporine A, orchestrates growth, virulence and drug resistance in a variety of fungal pathogens and can be exploited for novel antifungal drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen R. Juvvadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Soo Chan Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William J. Steinbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hernández G, LeMaster DM. Quantifying protein dynamics in the ps-ns time regime by NMR relaxation. J Biomol NMR 2016; 66:163-174. [PMID: 27734179 PMCID: PMC5446045 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-016-0064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Both 15N chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) and sufficiently rapid exchange linebroadening transitions exhibit relaxation contributions that are proportional to the square of the magnetic field. Deconvoluting these contributions is further complicated by residue-dependent variations in protein amide 15N CSA values which have proven difficult to accurately measure. Exploiting recently reported improvements for the implementation of T1 and T1ρ experiments, field strength-dependent studies have been carried out on the B3 domain of protein G (GB3) as well as on the immunophilin FKBP12 and a H87V variant of that protein in which the major conformational exchange linebroadening transition is suppressed. By applying a zero frequency spectral density rescaling analysis to the relaxation data collected at magnetic fields from 500 to 900 MHz 1H, differential residue-specific 15N CSA values have been obtained for GB3 which correlate with those derived from solid state and liquid crystalline NMR measurements to a level similar to the correlation among those previously reported studies. Application of this analysis protocol to FKBP12 demonstrated an efficient quantitation of both weak exchange linebroadening contributions and differential residue-specific 15N CSA values. Experimental access to such differential residue-specific 15N CSA values should significantly facilitate more accurate comparisons with molecular dynamics simulations of protein motion that occurs within the timeframe of global molecular tumbling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Hernández
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany - SUNY, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - David M LeMaster
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany - SUNY, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alford SC, O'Sullivan C, Howard PL. Conditional Toxin Splicing Using a Split Intein System. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1495:197-216. [PMID: 27714618 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6451-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Protein toxin splicing mediated by split inteins can be used as a strategy for conditional cell ablation. The approach requires artificial fragmentation of a potent protein toxin and tethering each toxin fragment to a split intein fragment. The toxin-intein fragments are, in turn, fused to dimerization domains, such that addition of a dimerizing agent reconstitutes the split intein. These chimeric toxin-intein fusions remain nontoxic until the dimerizer is added, resulting in activation of intein splicing and ligation of toxin fragments to form an active toxin. Considerations for the engineering and implementation of conditional toxin splicing (CTS) systems include: choice of toxin split site, split site (extein) chemistry, and temperature sensitivity. The following method outlines design criteria and implementation notes for CTS using a previously engineered system for splicing a toxin called sarcin, as well as for developing alternative CTS systems.
Collapse
|
44
|
Maetzig T, Schambach A. Development of Inducible Molecular Switches Based on All-in-One Lentiviral Vectors Equipped with Drug Controlled FLP Recombinase. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1448:23-39. [PMID: 27317170 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3753-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Drug-inducible recombination based on flippase (FLP) is frequently used in animal models and in transgenic cell lines to initiate or to abrogate gene expression. Although the system is highly efficient, functional gene analyses depend on the availability of suitable animal models. In contrast, lentiviral vectors are readily available and versatile tools for the transfer of genetic information into a wide variety of target cells, and can be produced at high titer in a timely manner. To combine the advantages of both approaches, we generated a tight, drug-controlled FLP recombinase consisting of a 5' FKBP12 derived conditional destruction domain and a 3' estrogen receptor ligand binding (ERT2) domain. We successfully constructed lentiviral vectors expressing drug-controlled FLP in combination with a fluorescent reporter for recombination of FLP recognition target (FRT) sites located in trans as well as with target alleles located in cis (all-in-one configuration). In this chapter, we describe the design of the drug controlled FLP recombinase, the construction of molecular switches consisting of FLP expressing lentiviral vectors for inducible recombination of target sites located in cis and in trans, as well as the details for the characterization of lentiviral FLP vectors in cell lines.
Collapse
|
45
|
Li S, Fei J, Cheng D, Jin Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Lv Z. BIOINFORMATICS, TISSUE DISTRIBUTION, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION ANALYSES OF FK506 BINDING PROTEIN 12B FROM SILKWORMS. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2016; 91:109-123. [PMID: 26679986 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) are intracellular receptors of the immunosuppressant FK506 and play important roles in the correct folding of new proteins and the self-assembly of biological macromolecules. FKBP12 is a member of the FKBP family that is widely expressed and highly conserved in many species. In this study, we identified the complete cDNA sequence encoding the FKBP12 ortholog in Bombyx mori, named Bm-FKBP12B (GenBank accession no. DQ443423). Multiple-sequence alignment among different species revealed a high similarity among FKBP12 paralogs and orthologs. Bioinformatics analysis of the Bm-FKBP12B gene showed that it is located on chromosome 20 and consists of three exons and two introns. We cloned, expressed, and purified the Bm-FKBP12B protein in Escherichia coli and generated a specific polyclonal antibody against Bm-FKBP12B. The real-time quantitative reverse-transcription (qRT) PCR and Western blotting results showed that Bm-FKBP12B was present throughout all of the development stages, but it was abundant in the adult and embryo stages. Bm-FKBP12B expression was higher in the silk gland and gut, suggesting that it might play important roles in regulating gene expression in the silk gland and during silk fiber formation. Bm-FKBP12B protein was distributed in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and nuclear membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - JingJing Fei
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - DanDan Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Jin
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaozhou Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Deng K, Yu L, Zheng X, Zhang K, Wang W, Dong P, Zhang J, Ren M. Target of Rapamycin Is a Key Player for Auxin Signaling Transduction in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:291. [PMID: 27014314 PMCID: PMC4786968 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR), a master sensor for growth factors and nutrition availability in eukaryotic species, is a specific target protein of rapamycin. Rapamycin inhibits TOR kinase activity viaFK506 binding protein 12 kDa (FKBP12) in all examined heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms. In Arabidopsis, several independent studies have shown that AtFKBP12 is non-functional under aerobic condition, but one study suggests that AtFKBP12 is functional during anaerobic growth. However, the functions of AtFKBP12 have never been examined in parallel under aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions so far. To this end, we cloned the FKBP12 gene of humans, yeast, and Arabidopsis, respectively. Transgenic plants were generated, and pharmacological examinations were performed in parallel with Arabidopsis under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. ScFKBP12 conferred plants with the strongest sensitivity to rapamycin, followed by HsFKBP12, whereas AtFKBP12 failed to generate rapamycin sensitivity under aerobic condition. Upon submergence, yeast and human FKBP12 can significantly block cotyledon greening while Arabidopsis FKBP12 only retards plant growth in the presence of rapamycin, suggesting that hypoxia stress could partially restore the functions of AtFKBP12 to bridge the interaction between rapamycin and TOR. To further determine if communication between TOR and auxin signaling exists in plants, yeast FKBP12 was introduced into DR5::GUS homozygous plants. The transgenic plants DR5/BP12 were then treated with rapamycin or KU63794 (a new inhibitor of TOR). GUS staining showed that the auxin content of root tips decreased compared to the control. DR5/BP12 plants lost sensitivity to auxin after treatment with rapamycin. Auxin-defective phenotypes, including short primary roots, fewer lateral roots, and loss of gravitropism, occurred in DR5/BP12 plants when seedlings were treated with rapamycin+KU63794. This indicated that the combination of rapamycin and KU63794 can significantly inhibit TOR and auxin signaling in DR5/BP12 plants. These studies demonstrate that TOR is essential for auxin signaling transduction in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xianzhe Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Wanjing Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Pan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jiankui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityChongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Maozhi Ren
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mabuchi M, Shimizu T, Ueda M, Mitamura K, Ikegawa S, Tanaka A. Improvement of solid material for affinity resins by application of long PEG spacers to capture the whole target complex of FK506. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2788-92. [PMID: 26025877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Solid materials for affinity resins bearing long PEG spacers between a functional group used for immobilization of a bio-active compound and the solid surface were synthesized to capture not only small target proteins but also large and/or complex target proteins. Solid materials with PEG1000 or PEG2000 as spacers, which bear a benzenesulfonamide derivative, exhibited excellent selectivity between the specific binding protein carbonic anhydrase type II (CAII) and non-specific ones. These materials also exhibited efficacy in capturing a particular target at a maximal amount. Affinity resins using solid materials with PEG1000 or PEG2000 spacers, bear a FK506 derivative, successfully captured the whole target complex of specific binding proteins at the silver staining level, while all previously known affinity resins with solid materials failed to achieve this objective. These novel affinity resins captured other specific binding proteins such as dynamin and neurocalcin δ as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Mabuchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan; KOBE Chemical Genetics., Inc. 2-2-2 Minatojima-nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ueda
- Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Kuniko Mitamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ikegawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Akito Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan; KOBE Chemical Genetics., Inc. 2-2-2 Minatojima-nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nasr AB, Ponnala D, Sagurthi SR, Kattamuri RK, Marri VK, Gudala S, Lakkaraju C, Bandaru S, Nayarisseri A. Molecular Docking studies of FKBP12-mTOR inhibitors using binding predictions. Bioinformation 2015; 11:307-15. [PMID: 26229292 PMCID: PMC4512006 DOI: 10.6026/97320630011307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cell growth, proliferation and angiogenesis. mTOR signaling is
frequently hyper activated in a broad spectrum of human cancers thereby making it a potential drug target. The current drugs
available have been successful in inhibiting the mTOR signaling, nevertheless, show low oral bioavailability and suboptimal
solubility. Considering the narrow therapeutic window of the available inhibitors, through computational approaches, the present
study pursues to identify a compound with optimal oral bioavailability and better solubility properties in addition ensuing high
affinity between FKBP12 and FRB domain of mTOR. Current mTOR inhibitors; Everolimus, Temsirolimus Deforolimus and
Echinomycin served as parent molecules for similarity search with a threshold of 95%. The query molecules and respective similar
molecules were docked at the binding cleft of FKBP12 protein. Aided by MolDock algorithm, high affinity compounds against
FKBP12 were retrieved. Patch Dock supervised protein-protein interactions were established between FRB domain of mTOR and
ligand (query and similar) bound and free states of FKBP12. All the similar compounds thus retrieved showed better solubility
properties and enabled better complex formation of mTOR and FKBP12. In particular Everolimus similar compound PubChem ID:
57284959 showed appreciable drugs like properties bestowed with better solubility higher oral bioavailability. In addition this
compound brought about enhanced interaction between FKBP12 and FRB domain of mTOR. In the study, we report Everolimus
similar compound PubChem ID: 57284959 to be potential inhibitor for mTOR pathway which can overcome the affinity and
solubility concerns of current mTOR drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Boroumand Nasr
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 016, India
| | - Deepika Ponnala
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 016, India
| | | | - Ramesh Kumar Kattamuri
- Government General and Chest Hospital, Gandhi Medical College and Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad - 500 038, India
| | - Vijaya Kumar Marri
- Government General and Chest Hospital, Gandhi Medical College and Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad - 500 038, India
| | - Suresh Gudala
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 016, India
| | - Chandana Lakkaraju
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 016, India
| | - Srinivas Bandaru
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 016, India ; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad - 500 037, India
| | - Anuraj Nayarisseri
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore - 452 010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Grados M, Sung HM, Kim S, Srivastava S. Genetic findings in obsessive-compulsive disorder connect to brain-derived neutrophic factor and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways: implications for drug development. Drug Dev Res 2015; 75:372-83. [PMID: 25195581 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditional pharmacological approaches to the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are based on affecting serotonergic and dopaminergic transmission in the central nervous system. However, genetic epidemiology findings are pointing to glutamate pathways and developmental genes as etiological in OCD. A review of recent genetic findings in OCD is conducted, and bioinformatics approaches are used to locate pathways relevant to neuroprotection. The OCD susceptibility genes DLGAP1, RYR3, PBX1-MEIS2, LMX1A and candidate genes BDNF and GRIN2B are components of the neuronal growth, differentiation and neurogenesis pathways BDNF-mTOR. These pathways are emerging as a promising area of research for the development of neuroprotective pharmaceuticals. Emergent genetic epidemiologic data on OCD and repetitive behaviors may support new approaches for pharmacological discovery. Neuroprotective approaches that take into consideration glutamate-mediated BDNF-mTOR pathways are suggested by OCD susceptibility genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Grados
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St.-12th floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Anderson JS, Mustafi SM, Hernández G, LeMaster DM. Statistical allosteric coupling to the active site indole ring flip equilibria in the FK506-binding domain. Biophys Chem 2014; 192:41-8. [PMID: 25016286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In solution, the Trp 59 indole ring at the base of the active site cleft in the FKBP domain protein FKBP12 is rotated by ~90° at a population level of 20%, relative to its canonical crystallographic orientation. NMR measurements on the homologous FK1 domains of human FKBP51 and FKBP52 indicate no observable indole ring flip conformation, while the V101I variant of FKBP12 decreases the population having a perpendicular indole orientation by 10-fold. A set of three parallel 400 ns CHARMM27 molecular simulations for both wild type FKBP12 and the V101I variant examined how this ring flip might be energetically coupled to a transition of the Glu 60 sidechain which interacts with the backbone of the 50's loop located ~12 Å from the indole nitrogen. Analysis of the transition matrix for the local dynamics of the Glu 60 sidechain, the Trp 59 sidechain, and of the structurally interposed α-helix hydrogen bonding pattern yielded a statistical allosteric coupling of 10 kJ/mol with negligible concerted dynamical coupling for the transitions of the two sidechains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet S Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, United States
| | - Sourajit M Mustafi
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, United States
| | - Griselda Hernández
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany - SUNY, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, United States
| | - David M LeMaster
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany - SUNY, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, United States.
| |
Collapse
|