|
1
|
Trzoss M, Covel JA, Kapoor M, Moloney MK, Soltow QA, Webb PJ, Shaw KJ. Synthesis of analogs of the Gwt1 inhibitor manogepix (APX001A) and in vitro evaluation against Cryptococcus spp. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126713. [PMID: 31668974 PMCID: PMC6901109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fosmanogepix (APX001) is a first-in-class prodrug molecule that is currently in Phase 2 clinical trials for invasive fungal infections. The active moiety manogepix (APX001A) inhibits the novel fungal protein Gwt1. Gwt1 catalyzes an early step in the GPI anchor biosynthesis pathway. Here we describe the synthesis and evaluation of 292 new and 24 previously described analogs that were synthesized using a series of advanced intermediates to allow for rapid analoging. Several compounds demonstrated significantly (8- to 32-fold) improved antifungal activity against both Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii as compared to manogepix. Further in vitro characterization identified three analogs with a similar preliminary safety and in vitro profile to manogepix and superior activity against Cryptococcus spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Trzoss
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 12730 High Bluff Dr #160, San Diego, CA 92130, United States.
| | - Jonathan A Covel
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 12730 High Bluff Dr #160, San Diego, CA 92130, United States
| | - Mili Kapoor
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 12730 High Bluff Dr #160, San Diego, CA 92130, United States
| | - Molly K Moloney
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 12730 High Bluff Dr #160, San Diego, CA 92130, United States
| | - Quinlyn A Soltow
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 12730 High Bluff Dr #160, San Diego, CA 92130, United States
| | - Peter J Webb
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 12730 High Bluff Dr #160, San Diego, CA 92130, United States
| | - Karen Joy Shaw
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 12730 High Bluff Dr #160, San Diego, CA 92130, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Nambu M, Covel JA, Kapoor M, Li X, Moloney MK, Numa MM, Soltow QA, Trzoss M, Webb P, Webb RR, Mutz M. A calcineurin antifungal strategy with analogs of FK506. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2465-2471. [PMID: 28412204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel antifungal strategy targeting the inhibition of calcineurin is described. To develop a calcineurin based inhibitor of pathogenic fungi, analogs of FK506 were synthesized that were able to permeate mammalian but not fungal cells. Antagonists in combination with FK506 were not immunosuppressive and retained antifungal activity in A. fumigatus. To reduce the dosage burden of the antagonist, murine oral PK was improved an order of magnitude relative to previous FK506 antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Nambu
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
| | - Jonathan A Covel
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Mili Kapoor
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Molly K Moloney
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Mehdi M Numa
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Quinlyn A Soltow
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Michael Trzoss
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Peter Webb
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Robert R Webb
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Mitchell Mutz
- Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Soon-Shiong P, Heintz RE, Merideth N, Yao QX, Yao Z, Zheng T, Murphy M, Moloney MK, Schmehl M, Harris M. Insulin independence in a type 1 diabetic patient after encapsulated islet transplantation. Lancet 1994; 343:950-1. [PMID: 7909011 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Identification of a biocompatible immunoprotective membrane to prevent graft rejection remained elusive until the development of microcapsules formulated in alginate high in guluronic acid. We report insulin independence in a type 1 diabetic patient after encapsulated islet transplantation. Encapsulated human islets were injected intraperitoneally in a diabetic patient with a functioning kidney graft. Insulin independence with tight glycaemic control was demonstrated 9 months after the procedure. These results warrant a trial of a high dose of encapsulated islets in early-onset diabetic patients.
Collapse
|