1
|
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) occurs in women more than men whereas survival in men is worse than in women. In recent years, much research has been carried out to understand these sex differences in PAH. This article discusses clinical and preclinical studies that have investigated the influences of sex, serotonin, obesity, estrogen, estrogen synthesis, and estrogen metabolism on bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II signaling, the pulmonary circulation and right ventricle in both heritable and idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Morris
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Nina Denver
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Rosemary Gaw
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Hicham Labazi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Kirsty Mair
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Margaret R MacLean
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hiepen C, Jatzlau J, Hildebrandt S, Kampfrath B, Goktas M, Murgai A, Cuellar Camacho JL, Haag R, Ruppert C, Sengle G, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Blank KG, Knaus P. BMPR2 acts as a gatekeeper to protect endothelial cells from increased TGFβ responses and altered cell mechanics. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000557. [PMID: 31826007 PMCID: PMC6927666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanced transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signaling is essential for tissue formation and homeostasis. While gain in TGFβ signaling is often found in diseases, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here we show that the receptor BMP type 2 (BMPR2) serves as a central gatekeeper of this balance, highlighted by its deregulation in diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We show that BMPR2 deficiency in endothelial cells (ECs) does not abolish pan-BMP-SMAD1/5 responses but instead favors the formation of mixed-heteromeric receptor complexes comprising BMPR1/TGFβR1/TGFβR2 that enable enhanced cellular responses toward TGFβ. These include canonical TGFβ-SMAD2/3 and lateral TGFβ-SMAD1/5 signaling as well as formation of mixed SMAD complexes. Moreover, BMPR2-deficient cells express genes indicative of altered biophysical properties, including up-regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and of integrins. As such, we identified accumulation of ectopic FBN1 fibers remodeled with fibronectin (FN) in junctions of BMPR2-deficient ECs. Ectopic FBN1 deposits were also found in proximity to contractile intimal cells in pulmonary artery lesions of BMPR2-deficient heritable PAH (HPAH) patients. In BMPR2-deficient cells, we show that ectopic FBN1 is accompanied by active β1-integrin highly abundant in integrin-linked kinase (ILK) mechano-complexes at cell junctions. Increased integrin-dependent adhesion, spreading, and actomyosin-dependent contractility facilitates the retrieval of active TGFβ from its latent fibrillin-bound depots. We propose that loss of BMPR2 favors endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) allowing cells of myo-fibroblastic character to create a vicious feed-forward process leading to hyperactivated TGFβ signaling. In summary, our findings highlight a crucial role for BMPR2 as a gatekeeper of endothelial homeostasis protecting cells from increased TGFβ responses and integrin-mediated mechano-transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hiepen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hildebrandt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Branka Kampfrath
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melis Goktas
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Mechano(bio)chemistry, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arunima Murgai
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Haag
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Medical Clinic II, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- University of Cologne, Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin G. Blank
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Mechano(bio)chemistry, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Machiya A, Tsukamoto S, Ohte S, Kuratani M, Fujimoto M, Kumagai K, Osawa K, Suda N, Bullock AN, Katagiri T. Effects of FKBP12 and type II BMP receptors on signal transduction by ALK2 activating mutations associated with genetic disorders. Bone 2018; 111:101-108. [PMID: 29551750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Various substitution mutations in ALK2, a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), have been identified in patients with genetic disorders such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and heart defects. In this study, we characterized the ALK2 mutants R258G, G328V and F246Y, which were identified in patients with severe FOP, DIPG and unusual hereditary skeletal dysplasia, respectively. Both R258G and G328V were gain-of-function mutations, but F246Y was equivalent to wild-type ALK2. We also examined the effect of the suppressor FKBP12 on the signal transduction of a further 14 ALK2 mutations associated with FOP and/or DIPG. To varying extents FKBP12 over-expression suppressed the basal signaling induced by thirteen of the ALK2 mutants, whereas PF197-8L was uniquely resistant. In the PF197-8L mutant, the modelled ALK2 residue L197 induced a steric clash with the D36 residue in FKBP12 and dissociated their interaction. The co-expression of BMP type II receptors or stimulation with ligands relieved the suppression by FKBP12 by disrupting the interaction between mutant ALK2 and FKBP12. Taken together, FKBP12 binds to and suppresses mutant ALK2 proteins associated with FOP and DIPG, except for PF197-8L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Machiya
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sho Tsukamoto
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; Project of Clinical and Basic Research for FOP, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohte
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mai Kuratani
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mai Fujimoto
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keigo Kumagai
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Osawa
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; Ivy Dental Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoto Suda
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Takenobu Katagiri
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; Project of Clinical and Basic Research for FOP, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deng L, Shang L, Bai S, Chen J, He X, Martin-Trevino R, Chen S, Li XY, Meng X, Yu B, Wang X, Liu Y, McDermott SP, Ariazi AE, Ginestier C, Ibarra I, Ke J, Luther T, Clouthier SG, Xu L, Shan G, Song E, Yao H, Hannon GJ, Weiss SJ, Wicha MS, Liu S. MicroRNA100 inhibits self-renewal of breast cancer stem-like cells and breast tumor development. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6648-60. [PMID: 25217527 PMCID: PMC4370193 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs are essential for self-renewal and differentiation of normal and malignant stem cells by regulating the expression of key stem cell regulatory genes. Here, we report evidence implicating the miR100 in self-renewal of cancer stem-like cells (CSC). We found that miR100 expression levels relate to the cellular differentiation state, with lowest expression in cells displaying stem cell markers. Utilizing a tetracycline-inducible lentivirus to elevate expression of miR100 in human cells, we found that increasing miR100 levels decreased the production of breast CSCs. This effect was correlated with an inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in mouse tumor xenografts due to attenuated expression of the CSC regulatory genes SMARCA5, SMARCD1, and BMPR2. Furthermore, miR100 induction in breast CSCs immediately upon their orthotopic implantation or intracardiac injection completely blocked tumor growth and metastasis formation. Clinically, we observed a significant association between miR100 expression in breast cancer specimens and patient survival. Our results suggest that miR100 is required to direct CSC self-renewal and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Shang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shoumin Bai
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xueyan He
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rachel Martin-Trevino
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiaojie Meng
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical School, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Bin Yu
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sean P McDermott
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alexa E Ariazi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christophe Ginestier
- Centre de Recherche en Cance'rologie de Marseille, Laboratoire d'Oncologie Mole'culaire, UMR891 Inserm/Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Universite' de la Me'diterrane'e, Marseille, France
| | - Ingrid Ibarra
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Program in Genetics and Bioinformatics, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Jia Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tahra Luther
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shawn G Clouthier
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Liang Xu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical School, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Ge Shan
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Herui Yao
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Program in Genetics and Bioinformatics, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Max S Wicha
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suling Liu
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Handa T, Okano Y, Nakanishi N, Morisaki T, Morisaki H, Mishima M. BMPR2 gene mutation in pulmonary arteriovenous malformation and pulmonary hypertension: a case report. Respir Investig 2014; 52:195-198. [PMID: 24853021 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β superfamily signaling pathway is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM). However, the association between bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) gene mutations and PAVM remains unclear. We present a case of concurrent PAVM and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), with a deletion mutation in exon 6 and exon 7 of the BMPR2 gene. Drug treatment for PAH improved the patient's hemodynamics and exercise capacity, but worsened oxygenation. This case suggests that BMPR2 gene mutation may be associated with the complex presentation of PAVM combined with PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Handa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Okano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanwa Daini Senboku Hospital, Sakai, Japan.
| | - Norifumi Nakanishi
- Division of Pulmonary Circulation, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Morisaki
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Morisaki
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan.
| | - Michiaki Mishima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schleinitz D, Klöting N, Böttcher Y, Wolf S, Dietrich K, Tönjes A, Breitfeld J, Enigk B, Halbritter J, Körner A, Schön MR, Jenkner J, Tseng YH, Lohmann T, Dreβler M, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Kovacs P. Genetic and evolutionary analyses of the human bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) in the pathophysiology of obesity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16155. [PMID: 21311592 PMCID: PMC3032727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) is essential for BMP signalling and may be involved in the regulation of adipogenesis. The BMPR2 locus has been suggested as target of recent selection in human populations. We hypothesized that BMPR2 might have a role in the pathophysiology of obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Evolutionary analyses (dN/dS, Fst, iHS) were conducted in vertebrates and human populations. BMPR2 mRNA expression was measured in 190 paired samples of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The gene was sequenced in 48 DNA samples. Nine representative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped for subsequent association studies on quantitative traits related to obesity in 1830 German Caucasians. An independent cohort of 925 Sorbs was used for replication. Finally, relation of genotypes to mRNA in fat was examined. RESULTS The evolutionary analyses indicated signatures of selection on the BMPR2 locus. BMPR2 mRNA expression was significantly increased both in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of 37 overweight (BMI>25 and <30 kg/m²) and 80 obese (BMI>30 kg/m²) compared with 44 lean subjects (BMI< 25 kg/m²) (P<0.001). In a case-control study including lean and obese subjects, two intronic SNPs (rs6717924, rs13426118) were associated with obesity (adjusted P<0.05). Combined analyses including the initial cohort and the Sorbs confirmed a consistent effect for rs6717924 (combined P = 0.01) on obesity. Moreover, rs6717924 was associated with higher BMPR2 mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Combined BMPR2 genotype-phenotype-mRNA expression data as well as evolutionary aspects suggest a role of BMPR2 in the pathophysiology of obesity.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/analysis
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/metabolism
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/physiology
- Cohort Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ethnology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Female
- Genetic Association Studies
- Germany/ethnology
- Glucose/metabolism
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance/genetics
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Obesity/ethnology
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- White People/ethnology
- White People/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Schleinitz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sara Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Dietrich
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Breitfeld
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate Enigk
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael R. Schön
- Municipal Clinic Karlsruhe, Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jost Jenkner
- Municipal Clinic Karlsruhe, Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail: (MB); (PK)
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail: (MB); (PK)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu N, Zhao Y, Yin Y, Zhang Y, Luo J. Identification and analysis of type II TGF-β receptors in BMP-9-induced osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2010; 42:699-708. [PMID: 20801928 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) is one of the most efficacious BMPs to induce osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the BMP-9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, dominant negative (DN) type II TGF-β receptors were constructed and introduced into C3H10T1/2 stem cells, then in vitro and in vivo assays were carried out to analyze and identify the type II TGF-β receptors required for BMP-9-induced osteogenesis. We found that three DN type II TGF-β receptors, DN-BMPRII, DN-ActRII, and DN-ActRIIB, diminished BMP-9-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, led to a decrease in BMP-9-induced Smad binding element (SBE)-controled reporter activity, reduced BMP-9-induced expressions of Smad6 and Smad7, and decreased BMP-9-induced mineralization in vitro and ectopic bone formation in vivo, finally resulted in decreased bone masses and immature osteogenesis. These findings strongly suggested that three wild-type II TGF-β receptors, BMPRII, ActRII and ActRIIB, may play a functional role in BMP-9-induced osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. However, C3H10T1/2 stem cells can express BMPRII and ActRII, but not ActRIIB. Using RNA interference (RNAi), we found that luciferase reporter activity and ALP activity induced by BMP-9 were accordingly inhibited along with the knockdown of BMPRII and ActRII. Taken together, our results demonstrated that BMPRII and ActRII are the functional type II TGF-β receptors in BMP-9-induced osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells.
Collapse
|
8
|
Toshner M, Voswinckel R, Southwood M, Al-Lamki R, Howard LSG, Marchesan D, Yang J, Suntharalingam J, Soon E, Exley A, Stewart S, Hecker M, Zhu Z, Gehling U, Seeger W, Pepke-Zaba J, Morrell NW. Evidence of dysfunction of endothelial progenitors in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:780-7. [PMID: 19628780 PMCID: PMC2778151 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200810-1662oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the formation of plexiform lesions and concentric intimal fibrosis in small pulmonary arteries. The origin of cells contributing to these vascular lesions is uncertain. Endogenous endothelial progenitor cells are potential contributors to this process. OBJECTIVES To determine whether progenitors are involved in the pathobiology of PAH. METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of progenitor cell markers (CD133 and c-Kit) and the major homing signal pathway stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its chemokine receptor (CXCR4) in lung tissue from patients with idiopathic PAH, familial PAH, and PAH associated with congenital heart disease. Two separate flow cytometric methods were employed to determine peripheral blood circulating numbers of angiogenic progenitors. Late-outgrowth progenitor cells were expanded ex vivo from the peripheral blood of patients with mutations in the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPRII), and functional assays of migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis were undertaken. measurements and main results: There was a striking up-regulation of progenitor cell markers in remodeled arteries from all patients with PAH, specifically in plexiform lesions. These lesions also displayed increased stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression. Circulating angiogenic progenitor numbers in patients with PAH were increased compared with control subjects and functional studies of late-outgrowth progenitor cells from patients with PAH with BMPRII mutations revealed a hyperproliferative phenotype with impaired ability to form vascular networks. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence of the involvement of progenitor cells in the vascular remodeling associated with PAH. Dysfunction of circulating progenitors in PAH may contribute to this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Toshner
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Voswinckel
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark Southwood
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rafia Al-Lamki
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luke S. G. Howard
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Denis Marchesan
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jun Yang
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jay Suntharalingam
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elaine Soon
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew Exley
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susan Stewart
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhenping Zhu
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Gehling
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Pepke-Zaba
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Hammersmith Hospital, London and Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom; Department Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York; and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Din S, Sarathchandra P, Yacoub MH, Chester AH. Interaction between bone morphogenetic proteins and endothelin-1 in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 51:344-9. [PMID: 19786120 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) have been shown to occur in patients with familial and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However the interactions between ligands for this receptor and other mediators implicated in heritable PAH have not been investigated. This study examines the regulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor and comitogen that is implicated in the pathogenesis of heritable PAH, by ligands for the BMPR2. Immunohistochemical studies showed that pulmonary artery segments removed from normotensive human lungs express BMPR2 and bone morphogenetic proteins 2, 4 and 7 (BMP2, BMP4 and BMP7). In the presence of BMP7 and BMP4 there was a significant inhibition of ET-1 release, induced by cytokines, from cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Fresh ring segments of pulmonary artery were assessed for their response to ET-1 in the presence and absence of BMP2, BMP4 and BMP7. BMP7 inhibited contraction in response to ET-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. BMP2 and BMP4 had no significant effect on the response to ET-1. These results suggest that BMP7 has the ability to regulate the effects of endothelin-1 in the pulmonary circulation. Genetic mutations in BMPR2 may lead to a loss of these regulatory mechanisms and contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Din
- Imperial College London, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, UB9 6JH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The secondary role of pathology in the present clinical management of pulmonary hypertension (PH) reflects to some extent the limitations of the current understanding of the disease. Ample room exists for the diagnostic translation of the pathobiologic studies, with the goal of improving the diagnostic and prognostic power of the pathologic assessment of pulmonary vascular remodeling. This article seeks to show the complementarities of the pathology and pathobiology of PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubin M Tuder
- Division of Cardiopulmonary Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21217, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pache G, Schäfer C, Wiesemann S, Springer E, Liebau M, Reinhardt HC, August C, Pavenstädt H, Bek MJ. Upregulation of Id-1 via BMP-2 receptors induces reactive oxygen species in podocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 291:F654-62. [PMID: 16622178 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00214.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted signaling molecules, which play a major role in kidney development and disease. Here, we show the existence of mRNA for BMP-2 and for the BMP receptors BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPRII, ACVR1A, ACVR2, and ACVR2B in differentiated mouse podocytes and the protein expression of BMPR1A in human glomerular podocytes. BMP-2 dose dependently increases the free cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in podocytes proving the existence of a functional receptor in these cells. Recent data indicate that in a myoblastic cell line and in a breast cancer cell line, BMP-2 increases the expression of Id-1, a negative regulator of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, but the role of BMP-2 stimulated Id-1 expression in the kidney has not been further characterized. Here, we show that BMP-2 increases the expression of Id-1 in differentiated podocytes. To investigate a role of Id-1 for podocyte function, overexpression of Id-1 was induced in differentiated mouse podocytes. Id-1-overexpressing podocytes show an increased NADPH-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This effect can be evoked by BMP-2 and can be antagonized by anti-Id-1 antisense oligonucleotides. The data indicate that BMP-2 may, via an increased expression of Id-1 and an increased generation of ROS, contribute to important cellular functions in podocytes. ROS supposedly play a major role in cell adhesion, cell injury, ion transport, fibrogenesis, angiogenesis and are involved in the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Pache
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and General Medicine, University Clinic of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Michelakis ED. Spatio-temporal diversity of apoptosis within the vascular wall in pulmonary arterial hypertension: heterogeneous BMP signaling may have therapeutic implications. Circ Res 2006; 98:172-5. [PMID: 16456109 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000204572.65400.a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Long L, MacLean MR, Jeffery TK, Morecroft I, Yang X, Rudarakanchana N, Southwood M, James V, Trembath RC, Morrell NW. Serotonin increases susceptibility to pulmonary hypertension in BMPR2-deficient mice. Circ Res 2006; 98:818-27. [PMID: 16497988 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000215809.47923.fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous germline mutations in the gene encoding the bone morphogenetic protein type II (BMPR-II) receptor underlie the majority (>70%) of cases of familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (FPAH), and dysfunction of BMP signaling has been implicated in other forms of PAH. The reduced disease gene penetrance in FPAH indicates that other genetic and/or environmental factors may also be required for the clinical manifestation of disease. Of these, the serotonin pathway has been implicated as a major factor in PAH pathogenesis. We investigated the pulmonary circulation of mice deficient in BMPR-II (BMPR2(+/-) mice) and show that pulmonary hemodynamics and vascular morphometry of BMPR2(+/-) mice were similar to wild-type littermate controls under normoxic or chronic hypoxic (2- to 3-week) conditions. However, chronic infusion of serotonin caused increased pulmonary artery systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary artery remodeling in BMPR2(+/-) mice compared with wild-type littermates, an effect that was exaggerated under hypoxic conditions. In addition, pulmonary, but not systemic, resistance arteries from BMPR2(+/-) mice exhibited increased contractile responses to serotonin mediated by both 5-HT2 and 5-HT1 receptors. Furthermore, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from BMPR2(+/-) mice exhibited a heightened DNA synthesis and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in response to serotonin compared with wild-type cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggested that serotonin inhibits BMP signaling via Smad proteins and the expression of BMP responsive genes. These findings provide the first evidence for an interaction between BMPR-II-mediated signaling and the serotonin pathway, perturbation of which may be critical to the pathogenesis of PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Long
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
West J, Tada Y, Fagan KA, Steudel W, Fouty BW, Harral JW, Miller M, Ozimek J, Tuder RM, Rodman DM. Suppression of type II bone morphogenic protein receptor in vascular smooth muscle induces pulmonary arterial hypertension in transgenic mice. Chest 2006; 128:553S. [PMID: 16373822 DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.6_suppl.553s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James West
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hassel S, Yakymovych M, Hellman U, Rönnstrand L, Knaus P, Souchelnytskyi S. Interaction and functional cooperation between the serine/threonine kinase bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor with the tyrosine kinase stem cell factor receptor. J Cell Physiol 2006; 206:457-67. [PMID: 16155937 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane receptors with intrinsic serine/threonine or tyrosine kinase domains regulate vital functions of cells in multicellular eukaryotes, e.g., differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation. Here, we show that bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR-II) which has a serine/threonine kinase domain, and stem cell factor receptor (c-kit) which contains a tyrosine kinase domain form a complex in vitro and in vivo; the interaction is induced upon treatment of cells with BMP2 and SCF. Stem cell factor (SCF) modulated BMP2-dependent activation of Smad1/5/8 and phosphorylation of Erk kinase. SCF also enhanced BMP2-dependent differentiation of C2C12 cells. We found that BMPR-II was phosphorylated at Ser757 upon co-expression with and activation of c-kit. BMPR-II phosphorylation required intact kinase activity of BMPR-II. Abrogation of the c-kit/SCF-dependent phosphorylation of BMPR-II at the Ser757 interfered with the cooperative effect of BMP2 and SCF. Our data suggest that the complex formation between c-kit and BMPR-II leads to phosphorylation of BMPR-II at Ser757, which modulates BMPR-II-dependent signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylke Hassel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Miyoshi T, Otsuka F, Suzuki J, Takeda M, Inagaki K, Kano Y, Otani H, Mimura Y, Ogura T, Makino H. Mutual regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone signaling and bone morphogenetic protein system in human granulosa cells. Biol Reprod 2006; 74:1073-82. [PMID: 16436528 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.047969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play critical roles in folliculogenesis by modulating the actions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the ovary. However, the effects of FSH on the BMP system remain unknown. Here, we have investigated the effects of FSH on BMP signaling using the human granulosa-like tumor cell line KGN. KGN cells express BMP type I and type II receptors and the BMP signaling molecules SMADs. FSH administration upregulated BMP type IA (BMPR1A) and IB (BMPR1B) receptors, activin type II receptor (ACVR2), and BMP type II receptor (BMPR2). FSH also augmented SMAD1 and SMAD5 expression, and conversely, FSH suppressed the expression of the inhibitory SMADs, SMAD6 and SMAD7. Bioassays revealed that FSH enhances BMP-induced SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation and cellular DNA synthesis induced by BMP6 and BMP7. Since overexpression of BMPR1A and BMPR1B, but not SMADs, significantly enhanced the BMP responses, these type I receptors were revealed to be limiting factors for BMP signaling in KGN cells. BMPs significantly suppressed progesterone synthesis induced by forskolin and dibutyryl-cAMP (BtcAMP) but had no effect on estradiol induced by the same factors. KGN cAMP levels induced by forskolin were not altered by BMPs, suggesting that BMPs regulate steroidogenesis at a level downstream of cAMP synthesis in KGN cells. In this regard, BMPs specifically reduced the STAR transcription, whereas the levels of CYP11A, HSD3B2, and CYP19 stimulated by forskolin as well as BtcAMP were not altered. Collectively, the two major factors, FSH-cAMP pathway and BMP system, are reciprocally and functionally linked. Given that BMPs downregulate FSH receptors in KGN cells, this interaction may contribute to fine-tuning of the mutual sensitivity toward BMP ligands and FSH.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I/analysis
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I/physiology
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/analysis
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/physiology
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/analysis
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/physiology
- Bucladesine/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/analysis
- Cyclic AMP/genetics
- Cyclic AMP/physiology
- Female
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone/analysis
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone/pharmacology
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Granulosa Cells/chemistry
- Granulosa Cells/pathology
- Granulosa Cells/physiology
- Humans
- Phosphoproteins/analysis
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/physiology
- Progesterone/metabolism
- Receptors, FSH/analysis
- Receptors, FSH/genetics
- Receptors, FSH/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Smad Proteins/analysis
- Smad Proteins/genetics
- Smad Proteins/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Miyoshi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama City, 700-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Teichert-Kuliszewska K, Kutryk MJB, Kuliszewski MA, Karoubi G, Courtman DW, Zucco L, Granton J, Stewart DJ. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 signaling promotes pulmonary arterial endothelial cell survival: implications for loss-of-function mutations in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. Circ Res 2005; 98:209-17. [PMID: 16357305 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000200180.01710.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor-2 (BMPR2) have been found in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH); however, the mechanistic link between loss of BMPR2 signaling and the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension is unclear. We hypothesized that, contrary to smooth muscle cells, this pathway promotes survival in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ECs) and loss of BMPR2 signaling will predispose to EC apoptosis. ECs were treated with BMP-2 or BMP-7 (200 ng/mL) for 24 hours in regular or serum-free (SF) medium, with and without addition of tumor necrosis factor alpha, and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry (Annexin V), TUNEL, or caspase-3 activity. Treatment for 24 hours in SF medium increased apoptosis, and both BMP-2 and BMP-7 significantly reduced apoptosis in response to serum deprivation to levels not different from serum controls. Transfection with 5 microg of small interfering RNAs for BMPR2 produced specific gene silencing assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. BMPR2 gene silencing increased apoptosis almost 3-fold (P=0.0027), even in the presence of serum. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) isolated from normal subjects or patients with IPAH were differentiated in culture for 7 days and apoptosis was determined in the presence and absence of BMPs. BMP-2 reduced apoptosis induced by serum withdrawal in EPCs from normal subjects but not in EPCs isolated from patients with IPAH. These results support the hypothesis that loss-of-function mutations in BMPR2 could lead to increased pulmonary EC apoptosis, representing a possible initiating mechanism in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of familial pulmonary arterial hypertension. The type 2 receptor (BMPR2) is required for recognition of all BMPs. Transgenic mice with a smooth muscle cell-targeted mutation in this receptor (SM22-tet-BMPR2(delx4+)) developed increased pulmonary artery pressure, associated with a modest increase in arterial muscularization, after 8 wk of transgene activation (West J, Fagan K, Steudel W, Fouty B, Lane K, Harral J, Hoedt-Miller M, Tada Y, Ozimek J, Tuder R, and Rodman DM. Circ Res 94: 1109-1114, 2004). In the present study, we show that these transgenic mice developed increased right ventricular pressures after only 1 wk of transgene activation, without significant remodeling of the vasculature. We then tested the hypothesis that the increased pulmonary artery pressure due to loss of BMPR2 signaling was mediated by reduced K(V) channel expression. There was decreased expression of K(V)1.1, K(V)1.5, and K(V)4.3 mRNA isolated from whole lung. Western blot confirmed decreased K(V)1.5 protein in these lungs. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) treated with recombinant BMP2 had increased K(V)1.5 protein and macroscopic K(V) current density, which was blocked by anti-K(V)1.5 antibody. In vivo, nifedipine, a selective L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker, reduced RV systolic pressure in these dominant-negative BMPR2 mice to levels seen in control animals. This suggests that activation of L-type Ca(2+) channels caused by reduced K(V)1.5 mediates increased pulmonary artery pressure in these animals. These studies suggest that BMP regulates K(V) channel expression and that loss of this signaling pathway in PASMC through a mutation in BMPR2 is sufficient to cause pulmonary artery vasoconstriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Young
- Center for Genetic Lung Disease, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Box B133, 4200 E. 9th Avenue, Denver, CO 80262, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Rabinovitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5162, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hayashi M, Imamura T, Miyazono K. [BMP receptors and signal transduction]. Nihon Rinsho 2005; 63 Suppl 10:399-403. [PMID: 16279670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, The Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tsuchida K, Nakatani M. [Analysis of transgenic and knockout mice for BMP receptors]. Nihon Rinsho 2005; 63 Suppl 10:418-21. [PMID: 16279674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Otsuka F, Makino H. [Primary pulmonary hypertension]. Nihon Rinsho 2005; 63 Suppl 10:450-7. [PMID: 16279681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Otsuka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 (BMPR2)-heterozygous, mutant (BMPR2(+/-)) mice have a genetic trait similar to that of certain patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). To understand the role of BMPR2 in the development of IPAH, we examined the phenotype of BMPR2(+/-) mice and their response to inflammatory stress. METHODS AND RESULTS BMPR2(+/-) mice were found to have the same life span, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), and lung histology as those of wild-type mice under unstressed conditions. However, when treated with recombinant adenovirus expressing 5-lipoxygenase (Ad5LO), BMPR2(+/-) mice exhibited significantly higher RVSP than wild-type mice. The increase of RVSP occurred in the first 2 weeks after Ad5LO delivery. Modest but significant muscularization of distal pulmonary arterioles appeared in BMPR2(+/-) mice 4 weeks after Ad5LO treatment. Measurement of urinary metabolites of vasoactive molecules showed that cysteinyl leukotrienes, prostacyclin metabolites, and PGE2 were all increased to a similar degree in both BMPR2(+/-) and wild-type mice during 5LO transgene expression, whereas urinary endothelin-1 remained undetectable. Urinary thromboxane A2 metabolites, in contrast, were significantly higher in BMPR2(+/-) than in wild-type mice and paralleled the increase in RVSP. Platelet activation markers, serotonin, and soluble P-selectin showed a trend toward higher concentrations in BMPR2(+/-) than wild-type mice. Cell culture studies found that BMP treatment reduced interleukin-1beta-stimulated thromboxane A2 production in the pulmonary epithelial cell line A549. CONCLUSIONS BMPR2(+/-) mice do not develop pulmonary hypertension spontaneously; however, under inflammatory stress, they are more susceptible to an increase in RVSP, thromboxane A2 production, and vascular remodeling than wild-type mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Song
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 and
| | - John E. Jones
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 and
| | - Hideyuki Beppu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - John F. Keaney
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 and
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 and
| | - Ying-Yi Zhang
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 and
- Corresponding author: Ying-Yi Zhang, Ph.D., Boston University School of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, 715 Albany St., W-507, Boston, MA 02118, Telephone: (617) 638-4896, Fax: (617) 638-4066, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|