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Bonello B, Issitt R, Hughes M, Carr M, Iriart X, Khambadkone S, Giardini A, Kostolny M, Marek J. Long-term outcome after neonatal intervention for congenital critical aortic stenosis. Int J Cardiol 2024; 405:131932. [PMID: 38437954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored long-term outcome and functional status of patients born with critical aortic stenosis (CAS) following neonatal surgical or catheter interventions. METHODS A 40-year retrospective review of all consecutive patients within a large, single-center referral unit who required neonatal (<30 days) intervention for CAS. Additional detailed evaluation of surviving patients >7 years age was performed, with clinical assessment, objective cardiopulmonary exercise testing and state-of-the-art characterization of myocardial function (advanced echocardiography and cardiac MRI). RESULTS Between 1970 and 2010, ninety-six neonates underwent CAS intervention (mean age 9 ± 7.5 days). Early death occurred in 19 (19.8%) and late death in 10 patients. Overall survival at 10 and 30 years was 70.1% and 68.5%, freedom from reintervention was 41.8% and 32.9% respectively. Among the 25 long-term survivors available for detailed assessment (median age 15.7 ± 6.4 years), 55% exhibited impaired peak oxygen uptake. Mean left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction was 65 ± 11.2%, with a mean LV end-diastolic volume z-score of 0.02 ± 1.4. Mean LV outflow tract Vmax was 2.3 ± 1.02 m/s. CAS patients had reduced LV longitudinal and increased radial strain (p = 0.003, p < 0.001 respectively). Five patients had severe LV diastolic dysfunction associated with endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) (p = 0.0014). CONCLUSION Despite high early mortality rate, long-term survival of patients with CAS is reasonable at the expense of high reintervention rate. With successful intervention, there remained long-term clinical and subclinical LV myocardial impairment, of which EFE was one marker. Long-term follow-up of all CAS patients is crucial, involving detailed myocardial functional assessment to help elucidate physiology and optimise management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bonello
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK; University College of London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Richard Issitt
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK; University College of London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Marina Hughes
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK.
| | - Michelle Carr
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | - Xavier Iriart
- CHU Bordeaux, Av. du Haut Lévêque, Pessac 33604, France.
| | - Sachin Khambadkone
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK; University College of London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | | | - Martin Kostolny
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK; University College of London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Jan Marek
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK; University College of London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Fujimoto K, Kuo J, Stott G, Lewis R, Chan HK, Lyu L, Veytsel G, Carr M, Broussard T, Short K, Brown P, Sealy R, Brown A, Bahl J. Beyond scale-free networks: integrating multilayer social networks with molecular clusters in the local spread of COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21861. [PMID: 38071385 PMCID: PMC10710469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the scale-free network assumption commonly used in COVID-19 epidemiology, using empirical social network data from SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant molecular local clusters in Houston, Texas. We constructed genome-informed social networks from contact and co-residence data, tested them for scale-free power-law distributions that imply highly connected hubs, and compared them to alternative models (exponential, log-normal, power-law with exponential cutoff, and Weibull) that suggest more evenly distributed network connections. Although the power-law model failed the goodness of fit test, after incorporating social network ties, the power-law model was at least as good as, if not better than, the alternatives, implying the presence of both hub and non-hub mechanisms in local SARS-CoV-2 transmission. These findings enhance our understanding of the complex social interactions that drive SARS-CoV-2 transmission, thereby informing more effective public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Fujimoto
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jacky Kuo
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guppy Stott
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ryan Lewis
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hei Kit Chan
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Leke Lyu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Gabriella Veytsel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pamela Brown
- City of Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roger Sealy
- City of Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Armand Brown
- City of Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin Bahl
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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3
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Pigeon WR, Youngren W, Carr M, Bishop TM, Seehuus M. Relationship of insomnia to sexual function and sexual satisfaction: Findings from the sleep and sex survey II. J Psychosom Res 2023; 175:111534. [PMID: 37871507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research suggests that healthy sleep is a key component of sexual function. When evaluating sexual function, however, poor sleep is often overlooked as a contributing factor. This cross-sectional survey expands prior work by exploring relationships among insomnia severity, sexual satisfaction, and sexual function with an updated battery of measures for the Sleep and Sex Survey. METHOD The sample (N = 1266) consisted of 618 men, 648 women recruited via Prolific, an online survey platform. The Sleep and Sex Survey II included measures addressing insomnia, fear of sleep, nightmares, sexual function, sexual satisfaction, sexual activity, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and alcohol use. RESULTS Recent sexual activity was correlated with better sleep, lower anxiety, and lower scores on a posttraumatic stress disorder screener. Insomnia severity was negatively correlated with sexual satisfaction (r = 0.22, p < .001) and the presence of insomnia was associated with higher rates of sexual dysfunction in women (53.8% vs. 31.8%; p < .001) and men (22.7% vs. 12.5%; p = .036). In regression analyses, after accounting for depression and anxiety, insomnia had a statistically significant association with sexual function for women (β = 0.12; p < .01) but not men (β = 0.11; p = .60). CONCLUSION Findings support a relationship of insomnia to sexual function and satisfaction with some gender differences. Future work may be enhanced by assessing these relationships in a gender diverse population including objective sleep measures and addressing contributing mechanisms. Clinically, findings support the assessment of sleep when evaluating patients for sexual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred R Pigeon
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, USA.
| | - Westley Youngren
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Psychology, USA
| | - Michelle Carr
- University of Montreal, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Canada
| | - Todd M Bishop
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, USA
| | - Martin Seehuus
- Middlebury College, Psychology Department, USA; University of Vermont, Vermont Psychological Services, USA
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4
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Hallmark CJ, Luswata C, Del Vecchio N, Hayford C, Mora R, Carr M, McNeese M, Benbow N, Schneider JA, Wertheim JO, Fujimoto K. Predictors of HIV Molecular Cluster Membership and Implications for Partner Services. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023; 39:241-252. [PMID: 36785940 PMCID: PMC10171944 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health surveillance data used in HIV molecular cluster analyses lack contextual information that is available from partner services (PS) data. Integrating these data sources in retrospective analyses can enrich understanding of the risk profile of people in clusters. In this study, HIV molecular clusters were identified and matched to information on partners and other information gleaned at the time of diagnosis, including coinfection with syphilis. We aimed to produce a more complete understanding of molecular cluster membership in Houston, Texas, a city ranking ninth nationally in rate of new HIV diagnoses that may benefit from retrospective matched analyses between molecular and PS data to inform future intervention. Data from PS were matched to molecular HIV records of people newly diagnosed from 2012 to 2018. By conducting analyses in HIV-TRACE (TRAnsmission Cluster Engine) using viral genetic sequences, molecular clusters were detected. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between molecular cluster membership and completion of a PS interview, number of named partners, and syphilis coinfection. Using data from 4,035 people who had a viral genetic sequence and matched PS records, molecular cluster membership was not significantly associated with completion of a PS interview. Among those with sequences who completed a PS interview (n = 3,869), 45.3% (n = 1,753) clustered. Molecular cluster membership was significantly associated with naming 1 or 3+ partners compared with not naming any partners [adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 1.27 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.08-1.50), p = .003 and aOR: 1.38 (95% CI: 1.06-1.81), p = .02]. Alone, coinfection with syphilis was not significantly associated with molecular cluster membership. Syphilis coinfection was associated with molecular cluster membership when coupled with incarceration [aOR: 1.91 (95% CI: 1.08-3.38), p = .03], a risk for treatment interruption. Enhanced intervention among those with similar profiles, such as people coinfected with other risks, may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camden J. Hallmark
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Houston Health Department, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles Luswata
- Houston Health Department, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Natascha Del Vecchio
- Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences and the Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christina Hayford
- Third Coast Center for AIDS Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nanette Benbow
- Third Coast Center for AIDS Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John A. Schneider
- Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences and the Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joel O. Wertheim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kayo Fujimoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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5
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Picard-Deland C, Konkoly K, Raider R, Paller KA, Nielsen T, Pigeon WR, Carr M. The memory sources of dreams: serial awakenings across sleep stages and time of night. Sleep 2023; 46:zsac292. [PMID: 36462190 PMCID: PMC10091095 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Memories of waking-life events are incorporated into dreams, but their incorporation is not uniform across a night of sleep. This study aimed to elucidate ways in which such memory sources vary by sleep stage and time of night. Twenty healthy participants (11 F; 24.1 ± 5.7 years) spent a night in the laboratory and were awakened for dream collection approximately 12 times spread across early, middle, and late periods of sleep, while covering all stages of sleep (N1, N2, N3, REM). In the morning, participants identified and dated associated memories of waking-life events for each dream report, when possible. The incorporation of recent memory sources in dreams was more frequent in N1 and REM than in other sleep stages. The incorporation of distant memories from over a week ago, semantic memories not traceable to a single event, and anticipated future events remained stable throughout sleep. In contrast, the relative proportions of recent versus distant memory sources changed across the night, independently of sleep stage, with late-night dreams in all stages having relatively less recent and more remote memory sources than dreams earlier in the night. Qualitatively, dreams tended to repeat similar themes across the night and in different sleep stages. The present findings clarify the temporal course of memory incorporations in dreams, highlighting a specific connection between time of night and the temporal remoteness of memories. We discuss how dream content may, at least in part, reflect the mechanisms of sleep-dependent memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Konkoly
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Rachel Raider
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ken A Paller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wilfred R Pigeon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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6
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Carr M, Yoo A, Guardino D, Hall WC, McIntosh S, Pigeon WR. Characterization of sleep among deaf individuals. Sleep Health 2023; 9:177-180. [PMID: 36496307 PMCID: PMC10122693 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous health disparities are documented in deaf population research, but few empirical sleep assessments exist for this under-served population, despite knowledge that sleep contributes to physical and mental health disparities. We sought to document subjective and objective sleep in deaf adults with cross-sectional and prospective measures. METHODS Twenty deaf participants completed validated sleep and mental health questionnaires, 2-weeks of nightly sleep diaries and continuous wrist-worn actigraphy monitoring, and 1-week of nightly, reduced-montage EEG recordings. RESULTS Questionnaire data suggest high prevalence of insomnia (70%), poor sleep (75%), daytime sleepiness (25%) and nightmares (20%) among participants. Strong correlations were found between depression and sleep quality, fear of sleep, and insomnia severity (p's < .005). Objective sleep assessments suggest elevated wake after sleep onset and low sleep efficiency and sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of sleep disturbance recorded from self-report and objective sleep measures provides preliminary evidence of sleep health disparity among deaf adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Alexander Yoo
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Donna Guardino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Wyatte C Hall
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Center for Community Health and Prevention, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Scott McIntosh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Center for Community Health and Prevention, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Wilfred R Pigeon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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7
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Huang JH, Wittekind SG, Opotowsky AR, Ward K, Lyman A, Gauthier N, Vernon M, Powell AW, White DA, Curran TJ, Orr WB, Stephens P, Robinson B, Pham TD, Mays WA, Burstein D, Carr M, Paridon S, Rhodes J, Koenig P. Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Standards for Training in Exercise Medicine and Curriculum Outline. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:540-548. [PMID: 36422652 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-03048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, fundamentals of exercise medicine, including clinical exercise testing, assessment and promotion of physical activity, exercise prescription, and supervised exercise training/rehabilitation programming have demonstrated considerable clinical value in the management of children and adolescents with congenital and acquired heart disease. Although the principles of exercise medicine have become an integral component in pediatric cardiology, there are no standardized training recommendations for exercise physiology during pediatric cardiology fellowship at this time. Thus, the Pediatric Cardiology Exercise Medicine Curriculum Committee (PCEMCC) was formed to establish core and advanced exercise physiology training recommendations for pediatric cardiology trainees. The PCEMCC includes a diverse group of pediatric cardiologists, exercise physiologists, and fellowship program directors. The expert consensus training recommendations are by no means a mandate and are summarized herein, including suggestions for achieving the minimum knowledge and training needed for general pediatric cardiology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - S G Wittekind
- Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A R Opotowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K Ward
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Lyman
- Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - N Gauthier
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Vernon
- Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A W Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - D A White
- Ward Family Heart Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - T J Curran
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W B Orr
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - P Stephens
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B Robinson
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Alfred I DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - T D Pham
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W A Mays
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - D Burstein
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - M Carr
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Paridon
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Rhodes
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Koenig
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mazrouee S, Hallmark CJ, Mora R, Del Vecchio N, Carrasco Hernandez R, Carr M, McNeese M, Fujimoto K, Wertheim JO. Impact of molecular sequence data completeness on HIV cluster detection and a network science approach to enhance detection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19230. [PMID: 36357480 PMCID: PMC9648870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of viral transmission clusters using molecular epidemiology is critical to the response pillar of the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative. Here, we studied whether inference with an incomplete dataset would influence the accuracy of the reconstructed molecular transmission network. We analyzed viral sequence data available from ~ 13,000 individuals with diagnosed HIV (2012-2019) from Houston Health Department surveillance data with 53% completeness (n = 6852 individuals with sequences). We extracted random subsamples and compared the resulting reconstructed networks versus the full-size network. Increasing simulated completeness was associated with an increase in the number of detected clusters. We also subsampled based on the network node influence in the transmission of the virus where we measured Expected Force (ExF) for each node in the network. We simulated the removal of nodes with the highest and then lowest ExF from the full dataset and discovered that 4.7% and 60% of priority clusters were detected respectively. These results highlight the non-uniform impact of capturing high influence nodes in identifying transmission clusters. Although increasing sequence reporting completeness is the way to fully detect HIV transmission patterns, reaching high completeness has remained challenging in the real world. Hence, we suggest taking a network science approach to enhance performance of molecular cluster detection, augmented by node influence information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mazrouee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Rocio Carrasco Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, México
| | | | | | - Kayo Fujimoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joel O Wertheim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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9
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Carr M, Heymann R, Lisson A, Werne NM, Schredl M. Nightmare frequency and nightmare distress: Relationship to the big five personality factors and sensory-processing sensitivity. Dreaming 2022. [DOI: 10.1037/drm0000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Wood P, Desai J, Waldeck K, Cain J, Gottardo N, Strong R, Kinross K, Carr M, Jones J, Wong L, Ziegler D, Hansford J, Michael M, Ashley D. ATRT-17. A phase II study of continuous low dose panobinostat in paediatric patients with malignant rhabdoid tumours and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9164747 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac079.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Panobinostat treatment has been shown to terminally differentiate malignant rhabdoid tumours (MRT) and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours (ATRT) in pre-clinical models. We report results of the open label, phase II study of oral panobinostat in patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed MRT/ATRT. AIMS: To assess the anti-tumour activity of low dose, continuous oral panobinostat as well as its associated toxicities. To assess the biological activity of low dose panobinostat by measuring histone H4 acetylation status in peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC), and differentiation markers. METHODS: Following primary institutional standard of care induction and consolidation chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment, patients were enrolled and commenced on panobinostat as a continuous daily oral dose starting at 10mg/m2/day, with a three-week wash out period between therapies. Real-time acetylation status, measuring acetylated H4 on PMNC, was performed to determine the pharmacodynamics of panobinostat at different dosing levels. Patients were monitored for toxicity; dose reductions were in decrements of 2mg/m2/day. RESULTS: A total of 13 patients with newly diagnosed ATRT/MRT and one patient with relapsed MRT have been enrolled. The average age at enrollment was 3.6 years (range 0.8-6.8 years). The mean treatment duration was 206 days (13-344 days). Currently, six patients (42.9%) remain on study with a mean study duration of 531 days (range 13-895 days). 6/14 patients (42.9%) were removed due to disease progression at a mean study duration of 245 days (44-560 days). 2/14 patients (14.3%) withdrew due to toxicity. 12/14 patients (85.7%) required dose reductions. The main toxicities were thrombocytopaenia and leukopaenia (Grade III-IV). Real-time pharmacodynamic assessment of panobinostat, at a dose as low as 6mg/m2/day resulted in significant acetylation of histone H4 in PMNC. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with low dose panobinostat is well tolerated in infants and children with MRT/ATRT, with significant acetylation of histone H4 in PMNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wood
- Monash Health , Clayton , Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University , Clayton , Australia
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- Australia and New Zealand Sarcoma Association (ANZSA) , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Kelly Waldeck
- Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jason Cain
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton , Australia
| | - Nicholas Gottardo
- Perth Children's Hospital , Perth , Australia
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kid's Institute , Perth , Australia
| | - Robyn Strong
- Australian & New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group (ANZCHOG) , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Kathryn Kinross
- Australian & New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group (ANZCHOG) , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Michelle Carr
- Australian & New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group (ANZCHOG) , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Janelle Jones
- Australian & New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group (ANZCHOG) , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Lily Wong
- Kids Oncology and Leukaemia Trials (KOALA) , Randwick , Australia
| | | | - Jordan Hansford
- Michael Rice Cancer Centre, Woman's and Children's Hospital , Adelaide , Australia
- South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute and South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Michael Michael
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - David Ashley
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Centre, Duke University Medical School, Durham , North Carolina , USA
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11
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Mallett R, Picard-Deland C, Pigeon W, Wary M, Grewal A, Blagrove M, Carr M. The Relationship Between Dreams and Subsequent Morning Mood Using Self-Reports and Text Analysis. Affect Sci 2022; 3:400-405. [PMID: 36046002 PMCID: PMC9382969 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-021-00080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
While material from waking life is often represented in dreams, it is less clear whether and how dreams impact waking life. Here, we assessed whether dream mood and content from home diaries predict subsequent waking mood using both subjective self-reports and an objective automated word detection approach. Subjective ratings of dream and morning mood were highly correlated within participants for both negative and positive valence, suggesting that dream mood persists into waking. Text analyses revealed similar relationships between affect words in dreams and morning mood. Moreover, dreams referencing death or the body were related to worse morning mood, as was first-person singular pronoun usage (e.g., "I"). Dreams referencing leisure or ingestion, or including first-person plural pronouns (e.g., "we"), were related to better morning mood. Together, these results suggest that subjective experiences during sleep, while often overlooked, may be an important contributor to waking mood. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-021-00080-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remington Mallett
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas At Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | | | - Wilfred Pigeon
- Sleep & Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Madeline Wary
- Sleep & Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Alam Grewal
- Sleep & Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Mark Blagrove
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Michelle Carr
- Sleep & Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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12
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Bishop T, Youngren W, Ashrafioun L, Carr M, Pigeon W. 0671 Nightmare type and its association with suicide attempts among veterans. Sleep 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac079.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Research has begun to distinguish between idiopathic (no known origin), trauma-related (recurring after a trauma), and complex nightmares (trauma-related nightmares that recur comorbidly with sleep disordered breathing). Nightmare type may impact symptom severity as well as treatment outcomes among various patient groups. Thus, we sought to examine the individual effects of nightmare type on suicide re-attempts and, secondarily, on treatment utilization.
Methods
This is a secondary analysis of electronic medical record data. Data were extracted for all Veterans with a documented suicide attempt (using ICD-10 codes) during FY13-14. A 1:1 case control was then created using age, sex, and prior year behavioral health treatment utilization. The present sample is comprised of all Veterans from that parent dataset who carry an ICD-10 diagnosis of nightmare disorder (n = 3207). Groups were defined as follows: 1) Idiopathic (n = 589; nightmare disorder only); 2) Trauma (n = 3207; nightmare disorder plus ICD-10 diagnosis of PTSD); 3) Complex (n = 576; nightmare disorder + PTSD + ICD-10 diagnosis of a sleep-related breathing disorder).
Results
Multiple logistic regression revealed that only trauma-related nightmares were positively associated with suicide re-attempts (B = 0.16, SE = 0.06, p < 0.01), with an estimated odds ratio of 1.27 (95% CI of 1.02-1.57). Regarding treatment utilization, regression analyses revealed that both complex nightmares (B = 0.36, p < 0.05) and trauma-related nightmares (B = 0.31, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with mental healthcare utilization (total days).
Conclusion
Our results revealed that both complex and trauma-related nightmares are associated with mental health treatment utilization. Only trauma-related nightmares were significantly associated with suicide re-attempts. Trauma-related nightmares may be distressing because of their trauma-related content, therefore making them more likely to predict reattempts. Overall, results suggest that nightmares are positively associated with suicide re-attempts and increased treatment utilization.
Support (If Any)
This work was supported by the VA Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention in teh Finger Lakes Healthcare System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Bishop
- VA Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention
| | | | | | - Michelle Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center
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13
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Reid A, Bloxham A, Carr M, van Rijn E, Basoudan N, Tulip C, Blagrove M. Effects of sleep on positive, negative and neutral valenced story and image memory. Br J Psychol 2022; 113:777-797. [PMID: 35253902 PMCID: PMC9545409 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During sleep, emotional memories are preferentially strengthened. However, most studies on sleep and emotional memory focus on comparing negative valence with neutral valence stimuli. This study compared the sleep‐dependent memory effects for stories and images, each comprising negative, neutral, and positive stimuli. It was hypothesized that a sleep effect would be seen for negatively and positively valenced stimuli. A novel story memory task (comprising three stories), and photographs from the Nencki Affective Picture database were presented for learning to 61 healthy adults (ages 18–25). They were tested for memory on the two tasks immediately, and then again after either a 2‐hr nap (n = 31; 17 women, 14 men) or 2‐hr wake period (n = 30; 13 women, 17 men). At second testing, the sleep condition had significantly better recall compared to the wake condition on both tasks. There was a relationship with valence only for the story task, with better performance for the sleep condition on the negatively and positively valenced texts, but not on the neutral text. There were no significant relationships between memory measures and sleep‐stage duration and EEG power variables. The story memory findings support the hypothesis that memory consolidation prioritizes emotional memory, whether positively or negatively valenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Reid
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Anthony Bloxham
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Michelle Carr
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Elaine van Rijn
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Nasreen Basoudan
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Chloe Tulip
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Mark Blagrove
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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14
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Abstract
The phenomenon of dreaming about the laboratory when participating in a sleep study is common. The content of such dreams draws upon episodic memory fragments of the participant's lab experience, generally, experimenters, electrodes, the lab setting, and experimental tasks. However, as common as such dreams are, they have rarely been given a thorough quantitative or qualitative treatment. Here we assessed 528 dreams (N = 343 participants) collected in a Montreal sleep lab to 1) evaluate state and trait factors related to such dreams, and 2) investigate the phenomenology of lab incorporations using a new scoring system. Lab incorporations occurred in over a third (35.8%) of all dreams and were especially likely to occur in REM sleep (44.2%) or from morning naps (48.4%). They tended to be related to higher depression scores, but not to sex, nightmare-proneness or anxiety. Common themes associated with lab incorporation were: Meta-dreaming, including lucid dreams and false awakenings (40.7%), Sensory incorporations (27%), Wayfinding to, from or within the lab (24.3%), Sleep as performance (19.6%), Friends/Family in the lab (15.9%) and Being an object of observation (12.2%). Finally, 31.7% of the lab incorporation dreams included relative projections into a near future (e.g., the experiment having been completed), but very few projections into the past (2.6%). Results clarify sleep stage and sleep timing factors associated with dreamed lab incorporations. Phenomenological findings further reveal both the typical and unique ways in which lab memory elements are incorporated de novo into dreaming. Identified themes point to frequent social and skillful dream scenarios that entail monitoring of one's current state (in the lab) and projection of the self into dream environments elaborated around local space and time. The findings have implications for understanding fundamental dream formation mechanisms but also for appreciating both the advantages and methodological pitfalls of conducting laboratory-based dream collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Picard-Deland
- Dream & Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM – Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Dream & Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM – Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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15
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Salton M, Carr M, Tarjan LM, Clarke J, Kirkwood R, Slip D, Harcourt R. Protected area use by two sympatric marine predators repopulating their historical range. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As large carnivores recover from over-exploitation, managers often lack evidence-based information on species habitat requirements and the efficacy of management practices, particularly where species repopulate areas from which they have long been extirpated. We investigated the movement and habitat use by 2 semi-aquatic carnivores (Australian fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus and New Zealand fur seals A. forsteri) at the northern end of their distributions in Australia, where after a long absence both are recolonising their historic range. We also assessed male fur seal habitat use overlap with terrestrial and marine protected areas (PAs). While at the margin of the range during winter and early spring, the males remained inshore close to terrestrial sites and where interactions with humans often occur. From early spring, the males from the range margin showed uniform movement toward colonies in the core of the species’ range prior to their breeding seasons. This contrasts with males tracked from the core of the species’ range that returned periodically to colonies during the year, and highlights the importance of range-wide monitoring of a species to inform conservation planning. Habitat use by some males included over 90% of a marine PA at the margin of the species’ range. Most terrestrial haul-outs used were within terrestrial PAs, while sites not protected were on the margin of the range. Despite wide-ranging habits, their dependence on coastal sites, where human access and activities can be regulated and more readily enforced, suggests that terrestrial and marine PAs will continue to play an important role in managing the recovery of these fur seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - M Carr
- Department of Primary Industries, Jervis Bay Marine Park, New South Wales 2540, Australia
- Biodiversity Conservation Trust, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - LM Tarjan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
- San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, 524 Valley Way, Milpitas, California 95035, USA
| | - J Clarke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - R Kirkwood
- Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Cowes, Victoria 3922, Australia
- SARDI Aquatic Sciences, West Beach, South Australia 5024, Australia
| | - D Slip
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - R Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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16
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Williams JM, Carr M, Blagrove M. Sensory Processing Sensitivity: Associations with the detection of real degraded stimuli, and reporting of illusory stimuli and paranormal experiences. Personality and Individual Differences 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Akomeah E, Morales-Marın LA, Carr M, Sadeghian A, Lindenschmidt KE. The impacts of changing climate and streamflow on nutrient speciation in a large Prairie reservoir. J Environ Manage 2021; 288:112262. [PMID: 33756384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate mediated warming water temperature, drought and extreme flooding are projected to shift the phenology of nutrients in receiving lakes and reservoirs further intensifying eutrophication and algal blooms, especially in temperate reservoirs. An emerging issue in reservoir management is the prediction of climate change impacts, a necessity for sound decision making and sustainable management. Lake Diefenbaker is a large multipurpose reservoir in the Canadian Prairies. In this study, the impact of climate change on nutrient speciation in Lake Diefenbaker is examined using loosely linked SpAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) and CE-QUAL-W2 models. Two climate mediated scenarios, RCP 8.5 representing the most extreme climate change, and climate induced streamflow were modelled. Nutrient levels are anticipated to double under the climate change and streamflow scenarios. Winter and spring were identified as hot moments for nitrogen pollution with a plausible saturation of nitrous oxides in the future. Of concern is a plausible recycling of nitrate through dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. Summer and fall on the other hand represent the period for phosphorus enrichment and internal loading with a probable succession of cyanobacteria in the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Akomeah
- University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada.
| | - L A Morales-Marın
- Canadian Centre for Meteorological and Environmental Prediction, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2121 TransCanada Highway, Dorval, QC, H9P 1J3, Canada
| | - M Carr
- Minnow Environmental Inc., 2750 Faithfull Ave # 110, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 6M6, Canada
| | - A Sadeghian
- Golder Associates, 700 2 St SW #2800, Calgary, AB, T2P 2W2, Canada
| | - K E Lindenschmidt
- University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada
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18
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Blagrove M, Lockheart J, Carr M, Basra S, Graham H, Lewis H, Murphy E, Sakalauskaite A, Trotman C, Valli K. Dream sharing and the enhancement of empathy: Theoretical and applied implications. Dreaming 2021. [DOI: 10.1037/drm0000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Fujimoto K, Bahl J, Wertheim JO, Del Vecchio N, Hicks JT, Damodaran L, Hallmark CJ, Lavingia R, Mora R, Carr M, Yang B, Schneider JA, Hwang LY, McNeese M. Author Correction: Methodological synthesis of Bayesian phylodynamics, HIV-TRACE, and GEE: HIV-1 transmission epidemiology in a racially/ethnically diverse Southern U.S. context. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10336. [PMID: 33976320 PMCID: PMC8113263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Fujimoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Justin Bahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joel O Wertheim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Natascha Del Vecchio
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph T Hicks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Camden J Hallmark
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richa Lavingia
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ricardo Mora
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Carr
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Biru Yang
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marlene McNeese
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Marquis LP, Julien SH, Daneault V, Blanchette-Carrière C, Paquette T, Carr M, Soucy JP, Montplaisir J, Nielsen T. Local Neuronal Synchronization in Frequent Nightmare Recallers and Healthy Controls: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:645255. [PMID: 33815047 PMCID: PMC8012764 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.645255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nightmares are highly dysphoric dreams that are well-remembered upon awakening. Frequent nightmares have been associated with psychopathology and emotional dysregulation, yet their neural mechanisms remain largely unknown. Our neurocognitive model posits that nightmares reflect dysfunction in a limbic-prefrontal circuit comprising medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, hippocampus, and amygdala. However, there is a paucity of studies that used brain imaging to directly test the neural correlates of nightmares. One such study compared the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygen level-dependent signals between frequent nightmare recallers and controls. The main results were greater regional homogeneity in the left anterior cingulate cortex and right inferior parietal lobule for the nightmare recallers than for the controls. In the present study, we aimed to document the ReHo correlates of frequent nightmares using several nightmare severity measures. We acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 18 frequent nightmare recallers aged 18-35 (3 males and 15 females) and 18 age- and sex-matched controls, as well as retrospective and prospective disturbed dreaming frequency estimates and scores on the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire. While there were inconsistent results for our different analyses (group comparisons, correlational analyses for frequency estimates/Nightmare Distress scores), our results suggest that nightmares are associated with altered ReHo in frontal (medial prefrontal and inferior frontal), parietal, temporal and occipital regions, as well as some subcortical regions (thalamus). We also found a positive correlation between retrospective disturbed dreaming frequency estimates and ReHo values in the hippocampus. These findings are mostly in line with a recent SPECT study from our laboratory. Our results point to the possibility that a variety of regions, including but not limited to the limbic-prefrontal circuit of our neurocognitive model, contribute to nightmare formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Philippe Marquis
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM – Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah-Hélène Julien
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM – Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Daneault
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM – Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cloé Blanchette-Carrière
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM – Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tyna Paquette
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM – Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep & Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM – Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM – Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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21
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Fujimoto K, Bahl J, Wertheim JO, Del Vecchio N, Hicks JT, Damodaran L, Hallmark CJ, Lavingia R, Mora R, Carr M, Yang B, Schneider JA, Hwang LY, McNeese M. Methodological synthesis of Bayesian phylodynamics, HIV-TRACE, and GEE: HIV-1 transmission epidemiology in a racially/ethnically diverse Southern U.S. context. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3325. [PMID: 33558579 PMCID: PMC7870963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study introduces an innovative methodological approach to identify potential drivers of structuring HIV-1 transmission clustering patterns between different subpopulations in the culturally and racially/ethnically diverse context of Houston, TX, the largest city in the Southern United States. Using 6332 HIV-1 pol sequences from persons newly diagnosed with HIV during the period 2010–2018, we reconstructed HIV-1 transmission clusters, using the HIV-TRAnsmission Cluster Engine (HIV-TRACE); inferred demographic and risk parameters on HIV-1 transmission dynamics by jointly estimating viral transmission rates across racial/ethnic, age, and transmission risk groups; and modeled the degree of network connectivity by using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Our results indicate that Hispanics/Latinos are most vulnerable to the structure of transmission clusters and serve as a bridge population, acting as recipients of transmissions from Whites (3.0 state changes/year) and from Blacks (2.6 state changes/year) as well as sources of transmissions to Whites (1.8 state changes/year) and to Blacks (1.2 state changes/year). There were high rates of transmission and high network connectivity between younger and older Hispanics/Latinos as well as between younger and older Blacks. Prevention and intervention efforts are needed for transmission clusters that involve younger racial/ethnic minorities, in particular Hispanic/Latino youth, to reduce onward transmission of HIV in Houston.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Fujimoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Justin Bahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joel O Wertheim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Natascha Del Vecchio
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph T Hicks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Camden J Hallmark
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richa Lavingia
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ricardo Mora
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Carr
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Biru Yang
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marlene McNeese
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
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Wood P, Desai J, Waldeck K, Cain J, Gottardo N, Strong R, Kinross K, Carr M, Jones J, Wong L, Ziegler D, Hansford J, Michael M, Ashley D. ATRT-08. A PHASE II STUDY OF CONTINUOUS LOW DOSE PANOBINOSTAT IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT RHABDOID TUMORS/ATYPICAL TERATOID RHABDOID TUMORS. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715339 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panobinostat treatment has been shown to terminally differentiate malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT)/atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) in pre-clinical models. This is an open label, phase II study of panobinostat in patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed MRT/ATRT. AIMS: To assess the anti-tumor activity of low dose, continuous panobinostat, its associated toxicities, the biological activity of low dose panobinostat by measuring histone acetylation status in peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC), and markers of differentiation in fresh tumor tissue specimens. METHODS Following cycles of induction and consolidation chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment, patients were enrolled and commenced on panobinostat as a continuous daily oral dose starting at 10mg/m2 following a three-week wash out period between therapies. Real-time acetylation status, measuring acetylated H4 on PMNC, was performed to determine the pharmacodynamics of panobinostat. Patients were monitored for drug toxicities with the possibility of dose reductions in decrements of 2mg/m2. RESULTS Six patients with newly diagnosed ATRT/MRT and one patient with relapsed MRT have been enrolled to date. The average age at enrollment was 2.5 years. Currently, six patients (85.7%) remain on study with a mean treatment duration of 170 days (range 44–327 days). One patient was removed from study at day 44 due to disease progression. The main dose-limiting toxicity observed to date has been myelosuppression. Panobinostat, at a dose of 10mg/m2, caused significant acetylation of H4 in PMNC. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with panobinostat appears to be well tolerated in infants with MRT/ATRT, with successful real-time pharmacodynamic assessment of H4 acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wood
- Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australia and New Zealand Sarcoma Association, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly Waldeck
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason Cain
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Robyn Strong
- Australian and New Zealand Children’s Haematology/Oncology Group, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australasian Children’s Cancer Trials, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn Kinross
- Australian and New Zealand Children’s Haematology/Oncology Group, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australasian Children’s Cancer Trials, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Carr
- Australian and New Zealand Children’s Haematology/Oncology Group, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australasian Children’s Cancer Trials, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Janelle Jones
- Australian and New Zealand Children’s Haematology/Oncology Group, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australasian Children’s Cancer Trials, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lily Wong
- Kids Oncology and Leukaemia Trials (KOALA), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jordan Hansford
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VVIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - David Ashley
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Centre, Durham, NC, USA
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Moscheni M, Carr M, Dulla S, Maviglia F, Meakins A, Nallo G, Subba F, Zanino R. Radiative heat load distribution on the EU-DEMO first wall due to mitigated disruptions. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lin J, Kurbedin J, Khordipour E, Haines L, Nguyen A, Grbic M, Hoffman T, Carr M, Gupta S, Likourezos A, Aghera A. 348 Emergency Physician Learning Curve on Transesophageal Echocardiography Simulator. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Carr M, Summers R, Bradshaw C, Newton C, Ellis L, Johnston E, Blagrove M. Frontal Brain Activity and Subjective Arousal During Emotional Picture Viewing in Nightmare Sufferers. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:585574. [PMID: 33117126 PMCID: PMC7561419 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.585574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nightmares are intensely negative dreams that awaken the dreamer. Frequent nightmares are thought to reflect an executive deficit in regulating arousal. Within a diathesis-stress framework, this arousal is specific to negative contexts, though a differential susceptibility framework predicts elevated arousal in response to both negative and positive contexts. The current study tested these predictions by assessing subjective arousal and changes in frontal oxyhemoglobin (oxyHB) concentrations during negative and positive picture-viewing in nightmare sufferers (NM) and control subjects (CTL). 27 NM and 27 CTL subjects aged 18–35 rated subjective arousal on a 1–9 scale following sequences of negative, neutral and positive images; changes in oxyHB were measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) using a 2 × 4 template on the frontal pole. Participants also completed the Highly Sensitive Person Scale, a trait marker for differential susceptibility; and completed a dream diary reporting negative and positive dream emotionality. The NM group had higher trait sensitivity, yet higher ratings of negative but not positive emotion in diary dreams. NM compared to CTL subjects reported higher subjective arousal in response to picture-viewing regardless of valence. Dysphoric dream distress, measured prospectively, was negatively associated with frontal activation when viewing negative pictures. Results suggest NM sufferers are highly sensitive to images regardless of valence according to subjective measures, and that there is a neural basis to level of trait and prospective nightmare distress. Future longitudinal or intervention studies should further explore positive emotion sensitivity and imagery in NM sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Carr
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Summers
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri Bradshaw
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Courtney Newton
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie Ellis
- The International Focusing Institute, Nyack, NY, United States
| | - Erin Johnston
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Blagrove
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Carr M, Matthews E, Williams J, Blagrove M. Testing the theory of Differential Susceptibility to nightmares: The interaction of Sensory Processing Sensitivity with the relationship of low mental wellbeing to nightmare frequency and nightmare distress. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13200. [PMID: 32985043 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Propensity to have nightmares has been theorised in terms of diathesis-stress models, with this propensity being seen as negative or even pathological. In contrast, a recent model proposes that nightmare propensity is due to Differential Susceptibility to stimuli, where high susceptibility can be beneficial in positive environments but detrimental in negative environments. This susceptibility to stimuli is assessed as the biobehavioural trait Sensory Processing Sensitivity, which refers to a greater responsivity to internal and external stimuli, and an increased depth of cognitive and emotional processing. To test the Differential Susceptibility Framework for nightmares, 137 participants (females = 104, males = 33; mean age = 33.66 years), recruited from a student population and social media sites, were divided into high (n = 39), medium (n = 59) and low (n = 39) Sensory Processing Sensitivity categories based on their score on the Highly Sensitive Person Scale. Low mental wellbeing and the presence of minor psychiatric problems, measured by the General Health Questionnaire, was found to be significantly correlated with nightmare frequency for the high and medium SPS groups (rs = .29 and .28, respectively), but not for the low Sensory Processing Sensitivity group (r = .19). General Health Questionnaire score was also significantly correlated with trait nightmare distress, for the high Sensory Processing Sensitivity group only (r = .32). These findings in favour of the Differential Susceptibility Framework have aetiology and treatment implications for nightmares that differ from diathesis-stress models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Carr
- Sleep & Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eve Matthews
- Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - Jessica Williams
- Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - Mark Blagrove
- Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Wales, UK
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Carr M, Haar Horowitz A, Amores J, Maes P. Towards engineering dreams. Conscious Cogn 2020; 85:103006. [PMID: 32854064 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Carr
- Sleep and Neurophysiology Laboratory, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Carr M, Haar A, Amores J, Lopes P, Bernal G, Vega T, Rosello O, Jain A, Maes P. Dream engineering: Simulating worlds through sensory stimulation. Conscious Cogn 2020; 83:102955. [PMID: 32652511 PMCID: PMC7415562 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We explore the application of a wide range of sensory stimulation technologies to the area of sleep and dream engineering. We begin by emphasizing the causal role of the body in dream generation, and describe a circuitry between the sleeping body and the dreaming mind. We suggest that nearly any sensory stimuli has potential for modulating experience in sleep. Considering other areas that might afford tools for engineering sensory content in simulated worlds, we turn to Virtual Reality (VR). We outline a collection of relevant VR technologies, including devices engineered to stimulate haptic, temperature, vestibular, olfactory, and auditory sensations. We believe these technologies, which have been developed for high mobility and low cost, can be translated to the field of dream engineering. We close by discussing possible future directions in this field and the ethics of a world in which targeted dream direction and sleep manipulation are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Carr
- Sleep & Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Carr M, Stocks A, Mallett R, Konkoly K, Freegard M, Hicks A, Crawford M, Pigeon W, Schredl M, Bradshaw C. 0112 Lucid Dreaming Associated with Positive Waking Mood. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Lucid dreaming (being aware that one is dreaming) is typically a positive experience that may enhance positive mood even after waking. There is concern, however, that lucid dreaming may interfere with sleep quality. In the current experiment, participants practiced common lucid dream induction techniques over the course of a week, and kept a daily sleep and dream diary. The study objective was to assess relationships between dream lucidity and subjective sleep quality, dream emotional content, and subsequent waking mood.
Methods
There were 32 participants aged 19–33 in this open label, single arm study (mean=22.63±3.48; 6 males, 24 females). All participants completed a sleep and dream diary for 7 days that included scaled items (1–7 scale) concerning subjective sleep quality, negative and positive emotional intensity of a dream (if recalled). Participants also completed a 19-item lucidity questionnaire, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Average scores for the week were computed for all measures and Pearson’s correlations conducted between lucidity and all other measures. Participants with no dream recall (n=5) were excluded. Within-subjects analyses were undertaken by selecting each participant’s highest and lowest lucidity night (n=22; 5 participants with only minimum lucidity excluded).
Results
Positive correlations were found between lucidity and dream positive emotion (r=.490, n=27, p=.009) and positive waking mood (r=.638, n=27, p<.001); there were no other significant correlations (all p>.1). Higher lucidity was associated with more positive dream content (t(21)= -3.214, p=.004) and positive waking mood (t(25)=-4.568, p<.001); no other significant differences were observed.
Conclusion
These data indicate that lucidity is associated with positive dreams and waking mood, with no detriment to self-reported sleep quality. The findings provide preliminary support of lucid dreaming as an intervention to improve wellbeing and mood in the short term.
Support
N/A
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carr
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - A Stocks
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - R Mallett
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - K Konkoly
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - M Freegard
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - A Hicks
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - M Crawford
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - W Pigeon
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - M Schredl
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannehim, GERMANY
| | - C Bradshaw
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
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Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
THC (the main psychoactive component of cannabis) has been shown to suppress REM sleep and decrease sleep latency, although this is not consistently replicated. Increased dream vividness is reported to occur in abstinent cannabis users, although dream quality in active users is unstudied. The current study aimed to assess the effects of cannabis use compared to non-use on objective sleep measures, dream reports, and self-reported anxiety, memory, and sleep quality. To collect objective sleep data we piloted the use of a portable PSG headband that allows EEG and EOG recording at home.
Methods
12 regular cannabis users (> 3 days per week) & 9 non-users (aged 19 - 27; 43% female) participated; participants used no other drugs or alcohol on study nights. The most common form of cannabis use was smoking in joints with tobacco (range = 1 - 15 per day). Participants wore the PSG headband (the Hypnodyne ZMax) over 2 nights at home (2nd night used for analysis), and were instructed to awaken 4 times across the night to fill out brief dream reports. Objective sleep measures included TST, Sleep latency, REM latency, and REM percent. Self-report measures included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Everyday Memory Questionnaire, and State-Trait Anxiety Index. Dream measures included recall frequency, word length, and three attributes rated on a 1–7 Likert scale - sensory vividness, emotional intensity, and bizarreness.
Results
There were no group differences on self-report measures. Cannabis users showed longer REM latency (t=2.23, p=.04) and lower REM% (U=22, p=.02); there were no other objective group differences. Cannabis users reported higher bizarreness in their dreams (t=2.07, p=.05); there were no other dream differences.
Conclusion
The study presents a novel approach to assess sleep at home and cannabis use. Significant differences emerged between users and non-users on REM latency, REM%, and dream bizarreness.
Support
N/A
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carr
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - R Borcsok
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - M Taylor
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - S Segust
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - W Pigeon
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - C Bradshaw
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
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Carr M, Konkoly K, Mallett R, Edwards C, Appel K, Blagrove M. Combining presleep cognitive training and REM-sleep stimulation in a laboratory morning nap for lucid dream induction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1037/cns0000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The primary aim around developing and optimizing an electronic health record is to improve patient care and population health. The objective of this study is to design and evaluate an action research approach for the optimization of the design of a summary page artefact within an electronic health record for newborn healthcare. An action research approach was chosen for its participatory democratic process for developing practical knowledge and solutions. Collaborative workshops lead by an independent graphic facilitator with a 'bottom up' approach, involving self-selected motivated members from multidisciplinary healthcare teams, were designed and conducted. To evaluate this approach, insights were drawn from behavioural and design science paradigms to demonstrate that knowledge and understanding of the design problem and its solution were acquired in building the optimized summary page artefact. Information system development for healthcare requires consideration not just of what we do but how and why we do things. Our analysis demonstrates that action design research represents an agile and lean approach for successful optimization and implementation of information system development in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Paul Murphy
- Cork University Maternity Hospital, Ireland; University College Cork, Ireland
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Solomonova E, Dubé S, Blanchette-Carrière C, Sandra DA, Samson-Richer A, Carr M, Paquette T, Nielsen T. Different Patterns of Sleep-Dependent Procedural Memory Consolidation in Vipassana Meditation Practitioners and Non-meditating Controls. Front Psychol 2020; 10:3014. [PMID: 32038390 PMCID: PMC6989470 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and sleep spindles are all implicated in the consolidation of procedural memories. Relative contributions of sleep stages and sleep spindles were previously shown to depend on individual differences in task processing. However, no studies to our knowledge have focused on individual differences in experience with Vipassana meditation as related to sleep. Vipassana meditation is a form of mental training that enhances proprioceptive and somatic awareness and alters attentional style. The goal of this study was to examine a potential role for Vipassana meditation experience in sleep-dependent procedural memory consolidation. Methods Groups of Vipassana meditation practitioners (N = 22) and matched meditation-naïve controls (N = 20) slept for a daytime nap in the laboratory. Before and after the nap they completed a procedural task on the Wii Fit balance platform. Results Meditators performed slightly better on the task before the nap, but the two groups improved similarly after sleep. The groups showed different patterns of sleep-dependent procedural memory consolidation: in meditators, task learning was positively correlated with density of slow occipital spindles, while in controls task improvement was positively associated with time in REM sleep. Sleep efficiency and sleep architecture did not differ between groups. Meditation practitioners, however, had a lower density of occipital slow sleep spindles than controls. Conclusion Results suggest that neuroplastic changes associated with meditation practice may alter overall sleep microarchitecture and reorganize sleep-dependent patterns of memory consolidation. The lower density of occipital spindles in meditators may mean that meditation practice compensates for some of the memory functions of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Solomonova
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS NÎM - HSCM, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Culture, Mind and Brain Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Dubé
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS NÎM - HSCM, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cloé Blanchette-Carrière
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS NÎM - HSCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dasha A Sandra
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Samson-Richer
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS NÎM - HSCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle Carr
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS NÎM - HSCM, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Sleep Laboratory, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Tyna Paquette
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS NÎM - HSCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS NÎM - HSCM, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Crawford M, Salanitro M, Vallières A, Carr M, Rees H, Norris E, Bradshaw C, Blagrove M. Both good and poor sleepers overestimate wakefulness after waking from a nap: impact of sleep inertia. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Horgan A, Carr M, Murphy A. 135 The Impact of an Early Mobilisation Initiative Evidence from an Acute Care Setting. Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz103.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Unnecessary bed rest results in a loss of mobility and an increased length of hospital stay. Despite mobilising regularly being acknowledged as an important preventative measure for deconditioning, inpatient functional decline continues to pose a significant challenge in hospital settings. Hospital-based mobility initiatives offer the potential to address issues of functional decline, improve patient outcomes and hospital length of stay. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of an early mobilisation initiative called “End PJ Paralysis”.
Methods
The research design comprises of three elements: (i) an examination of a period that promoted mobility to all patients on one acute unit (ii) an analysis of the reported number of falls during the study period and (iii) an exploration of perceptions and attitudes of nurses, nurse managers, and patients involved with the initiative.
Results
Our study demonstrates that following a 10-week promotion of the initiative from April 17th-June 26th 2018 in an acute care setting in south of Ireland, an increase of 15% of patients were mobilising and a decrease in the number of reported falls. In addition, staff participation was found to increase and self-reported patient satisfaction improved. Factors identified as influencing the impact of the initiative included patient and staff behavior, nurse management leadership, and effective communication.
Conclusion
The study provides evidence to suggest that early mobilisation initiatives can prevent deconditioning and improve patient outcomes. Each day a patient spends in hospital should contribute towards their recovery and discharge and mobilising patients while in hospital has a profound impact on their functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Horgan
- Cork University Hospital, South/Southwest Hospital Group, Cork, Ireland
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36
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Blagrove M, Hale S, Lockheart J, Carr M, Jones A, Valli K. Testing the Empathy Theory of Dreaming: The Relationships Between Dream Sharing and Trait and State Empathy. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1351. [PMID: 31281278 PMCID: PMC6596280 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, dreams are a novel but realistic simulation of waking social life, with a mixture of characters, motivations, scenarios, and positive and negative emotions. We propose that the sharing of dreams has an empathic effect on the dreamer and on significant others who hear and engage with the telling of the dream. Study 1 tests three correlations that are predicted by the theory of dream sharing and empathy: that trait empathy will be correlated with frequency of telling dreams to others, with frequency of listening to others' dreams, and with trait attitude toward dreams (ATD) (for which higher scores indicate positive attitude). 160 participants completed online the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire and the Mannheim Dream Questionnaire. Pearson partial correlations were conducted, with age and sex partialled out. Trait empathy was found to be significantly associated with the frequency of listening to the dreams of others, frequency of telling one's own dreams to others, and attitude toward dreams. Study 2 tests the effects of discussing dreams on state empathy, using an adapted version of the Shen (2010) state empathy scale, for 27 pairs of dream sharers and discussers. Dream discussion followed the stages of the Ullman (1996) dream appreciation technique. State empathy of the dream discusser toward the dream sharer was found to increase significantly as a result of the dream discussion, with a medium effect size, whereas the dream sharer had a small decrease in empathy toward the discusser. A proposed mechanism for these associations and effects is taken from the robust findings in the literature that engagement with literary fiction can induce empathy toward others. We suggest that the dream acts as a piece of fiction that can be explored by the dreamer together with other people, and can thus induce empathy about the life circumstances of the dreamer. We discuss the speculation that the story-like characteristics of adult human dreams may have been selected for in human evolution, including in sexual selection, as part of the selection for emotional intelligence, empathy, and social bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Blagrove
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Sioned Hale
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Lockheart
- Swansea College of Art, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Swansea, United Kingdom.,Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Carr
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Jones
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Valli
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, The University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
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Nielsen T, Carr M, Picard-Deland C, Marquis LP, Saint-Onge K, Blanchette-Carrière C, Paquette T. Early childhood adversity associations with nightmare severity and sleep spindles. Sleep Med 2019; 56:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Carr M, Meakins A, Silburn SA, Karhunen J, Bernert M, Bowman C, Callarelli A, Carvalho P, Giroud C, Harrison JR, Henderson SS, Huber A, Lipschultz B, Lunt T, Moulton D, Reimold F. Physically principled reflection models applied to filtered camera imaging inversions in metal walled fusion machines. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:043504. [PMID: 31043003 DOI: 10.1063/1.5092781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ray-tracing techniques are applied to filtered divertor imaging, a diagnostic that has long suffered from artifacts due to the polluting effect of reflected light in metal walled fusion machines. Physically realistic surface reflections were modeled using a Cook-Torrance micro-facet bi-directional reflection distribution function applied to a high resolution mesh of the vessel geometry. In the absence of gonioreflectometer measurements, a technique was developed to fit the free parameters of the Cook-Torrance model against images of the JET in-vessel light sources. By coupling this model with high fidelity plasma fluid simulations, photo-realistic renderings of a number of tokamak plasma emission scenarios were generated. Finally, a sensitivity matrix describing the optical coupling of a JET divertor camera and the emission profile of the plasma was obtained, including full reflection effects. These matrices are used to perform inversions on measured data and shown to reduce the level of artifacts in inverted emission profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carr
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - A Meakins
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - S A Silburn
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - J Karhunen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - M Bernert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Bowman
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - A Callarelli
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - P Carvalho
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - C Giroud
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - J R Harrison
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - S S Henderson
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - A Huber
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - B Lipschultz
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - T Lunt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Moulton
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - F Reimold
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany
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Malinowski J, Carr M, Edwards C, Ingarfill A, Pinto A. The effects of dream rebound: evidence for emotion-processing theories of dreaming. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12827. [PMID: 30859702 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Suppressing thoughts often leads to a "rebound" effect, both in waking cognition (thoughts) and in sleep cognition (dreams). Rebound may be influenced by the valence of the suppressed thought, but there is currently no research on the effects of valence on dream rebound. Further, the effects of dream rebound on subsequent emotional response to a suppressed thought have not been studied before. The present experiment aimed to investigate whether emotional valence of a suppressed thought affects dream rebound, and whether dream rebound subsequently influences subjective emotional response to the suppressed thought. Participants (N = 77) were randomly assigned to a pleasant or unpleasant thought suppression condition, suppressed their target thought for 5 min pre-sleep every evening, reported the extent to which they successfully suppressed the thought, and reported their dreams every morning for 7 days. It was found that unpleasant thoughts were more prone to dream rebound than pleasant thoughts. There was no effect of valence on the success or failure of suppression during wakefulness. Dream rebound and successful suppression were each found to have beneficial effects for subjective emotional response to both pleasant and unpleasant thoughts. The results may lend support for an emotion-processing theory of dream function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie Malinowski
- School of Psychology, College of Applied Health and Communities, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Carr
- Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Christopher Edwards
- Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Anya Ingarfill
- School of Psychology, College of Applied Health and Communities, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Pinto
- Department of Psychology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, Bedfordshire, UK
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40
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Marquis LP, Julien SH, Baril AA, Blanchette-Carrière C, Paquette T, Carr M, Soucy JP, Montplaisir J, Nielsen T. Nightmare Severity Is Inversely Related to Frontal Brain Activity During Waking State Picture Viewing. J Clin Sleep Med 2019; 15:253-264. [PMID: 30736883 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Growing evidence suggests that nightmares have considerable adverse effects on waking behavior, possibly by increasing post-sleep negative emotions. Dysphoric reactions to nightmares are one component of nightmare severity for which the neural correlates are unknown. Here, we investigate possible neural correlates of nightmare severity in a sample of individuals who frequently recall nightmares. METHODS Our principal measure of nightmare severity is nightmare distress as indexed by the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire (NDQ), and secondary measures are retrospective and prospective estimates of frequency of recalling dysphoric dreams (DD). We used high-resolution technetium 99m ethyl cysteinate dimer single photon emission computed tomography to assess regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) while 18 individuals who were frequent nightmare recallers viewed negative and neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System. We correlated rCBF with NDQ scores and DD recall frequency estimates. RESULTS Negative correlations were observed between NDQ scores and rCBF during negative picture viewing in bilateral insula and anterior cingulate, right medial frontal gyrus, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, right inferior frontal and precentral gyri, and bilateral putamen. Retrospective DD recall correlated with rCBF activity primarily in regions overlapping those related to NDQ scores. Prospective DD recall was only weakly related to rCBF. Results for the neutral condition overlapped partially with those for the negative condition; in particular, NDQ and retrospective DD recall were related to rCBF in medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate gyri. CONCLUSIONS Results point to a possible overlap in brain mechanisms involved in nightmare dysphoria (during sleep) and distress (during wakefulness) among individuals who frequently recall nightmares. They provide partial support for a neurocognitive model of nightmares. COMMENTARY A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 179.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Philippe Marquis
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah-Hélène Julien
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrée-Ann Baril
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cloé Blanchette-Carrière
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tyna Paquette
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michelle Carr
- Sleep Laboratory, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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41
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Gieselmann A, Ait Aoudia M, Carr M, Germain A, Gorzka R, Holzinger B, Kleim B, Krakow B, Kunze AE, Lancee J, Nadorff MR, Nielsen T, Riemann D, Sandahl H, Schlarb AA, Schmid C, Schredl M, Spoormaker VI, Steil R, van Schagen AM, Wittmann L, Zschoche M, Pietrowsky R. Aetiology and treatment of nightmare disorder: State of the art and future perspectives. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12820. [PMID: 30697860 PMCID: PMC6850667 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This consensus paper provides an overview of the state of the art in research on the aetiology and treatment of nightmare disorder and outlines further perspectives on these issues. It presents a definition of nightmares and nightmare disorder followed by epidemiological findings, and then explains existing models of nightmare aetiology in traumatized and non‐traumatized individuals. Chronic nightmares develop through the interaction of elevated hyperarousal and impaired fear extinction. This interplay is assumed to be facilitated by trait affect distress elicited by traumatic experiences, early childhood adversity and trait susceptibility, as well as by elevated thought suppression and potentially sleep‐disordered breathing. Accordingly, different treatment options for nightmares focus on their meaning, on the chronic repetition of the nightmare or on maladaptive beliefs. Clinically, knowledge of healthcare providers about nightmare disorder and the delivery of evidence‐based interventions in the healthcare system is discussed. Based on these findings, we highlight some future perspectives and potential further developments of nightmare treatments and research into nightmare aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gieselmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malik Ait Aoudia
- Centre du Psychotrauma de l'Institut de Victimologie à Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Carr
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Anne Germain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Gorzka
- Central Institute for Mental Health, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Kleim
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Barry Krakow
- Maimonides Sleep Arts and Sciences, Ltd, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Anna E Kunze
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jaap Lancee
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael R Nadorff
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hinuga Sandahl
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Angelika A Schlarb
- Department of Psychology and Sports, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Carolin Schmid
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael Schredl
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Regina Steil
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Annette M van Schagen
- Foundation Centrum '45, Partner in Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - Lutz Wittmann
- International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Zschoche
- Department of Psychology and Sports, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Reinhard Pietrowsky
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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42
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Henderson S, Bernert M, Brezinsek S, Carr M, Cavedon M, Dux R, Gahle D, Harrison J, Kallenbach A, Lipschultz B, Lomanowski B, Meigs A, O’Mullane M, Reimold F, Reinke M, Wiesen S. An assessment of nitrogen concentrations from spectroscopic measurements in the JET and ASDEX upgrade divertor. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Carr M, Meakins A, Bernert M, David P, Giroud C, Harrison J, Henderson S, Lipschultz B, Reimold F. Description of complex viewing geometries of fusion tomography diagnostics by ray-tracing. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:083506. [PMID: 30184695 DOI: 10.1063/1.5031087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ray-tracing techniques are applied to bolometry, a diagnostic where the finite collection volume is particularly sensitive to the machine and detector configuration. A technique is presented that can handle arbitrarily complex aperture and collimator geometries, neglecting reflection effects. Sight lines from the ASDEX Upgrade bolometer foils were ray-traced with a path tracing algorithm, where the optical path is represented by a statistical bundle of ray paths connecting the foil surface with the slit geometry. By using the full 3D machine model for the detector box and first wall, effects such as occlusion and vignetting were included in the calculation of the bolometer's étendue. Inversion matrices calculated with the ray-tracing technique were compared with the more conventional single-ray approach and shown to be naturally more constrained, requiring less regularisation. The two models were tested on a sample radiation scenario, and the common single-ray approximation is shown to be insufficient. These results are particularly relevant for the divertor where strong emission gradients may be present. The technique developed generalises well to arbitrarily complex viewing geometries and collimators, opening up a new design space for bolometer configurations that might not normally have been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carr
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - A Meakins
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - M Bernert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P David
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Giroud
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - J Harrison
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - S Henderson
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - B Lipschultz
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - F Reimold
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany
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Carr M, Curtis S, Marek J. EDUCATIONAL SERIES IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: Congenital left-sided heart obstruction. Echo Res Pract 2018; 5:R23-R36. [PMID: 29681546 PMCID: PMC5911774 DOI: 10.1530/erp-18-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract remains a significant problem and multilevel obstruction can often coexist. Obstruction can take several morphological forms and may involve the subvalvar, valvar or supravalvar portion of the aortic valve complex. Congenital valvar stenosis presenting in the neonatal period represents a spectrum of disorders ranging from the hypoplastic left heart syndrome to almost normal hearts. Treatment options vary dependent on the severity of the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) and the variable degree of left ventricular hypoplasia as well as the associated lesions such as arch hypoplasia and coarctation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Carr
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Curtis
- Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jan Marek
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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45
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Abstract
There is a pressing clinical need to develop accurate, efficient non-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (NC-MRA) techniques. Our efforts in the field have focused on a novel non-subtractive technique called quiescent-interval slice-selective (QISS) MRA. Compared with other NC-MRA techniques, QISS has the advantage of being more accurate while enabling a simpler and more efficient workflow. The original implementation, which uses electrocardiogram (ECG) gating and a Cartesian k-space trajectory, is a reliable technique for the evaluation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Recent advances in QISS technology include the use of a radial k-space trajectory, which facilitates rapid imaging of the coronary, renal, and pulmonary arteries as well as other vascular beds, and ungated ("UnQISS") acquisitions for PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Edelman
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Radiology, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - M Carr
- Department of Radiology, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - I Koktzoglou
- Department of Radiology, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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46
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Krupickova S, Muthurangu V, Hughes M, Tann O, Carr M, Christov G, Awat R, Taylor A, Marek J. Echocardiographic arterial measurements in complex congenital diseases before bidirectional Glenn: comparison with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 18:332-341. [PMID: 27099275 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jew069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study sought to investigate diagnostic accuracy of echocardiographic measures of great vessels in patients before bidirectional cavopulmonary connection (BCPC) compared with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Methods and results Seventy-two patients (61% after Norwood operation) undergoing BCPC between 2007 and 2012 were assessed pre-operatively using echocardiography and CMR. Bland-Altman analysis and correlation coefficients were used for comparison of echocardiography and CMR measurements. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated to assess the ability of echocardiography to detect vessel stenosis. Twenty-four percent of all vessel measurements could not be made by echocardiography due to poor image quality. Acquisition of unsatisfactory images was higher in non-sedated patients. Although there was a reasonable correlation (0.68-0.90) and low bias (-0.8 to 0.5), there were wide limits of agreement between echocardiography and CMR demonstrating poor agreement. Sensitivity and specificity for pulmonary branches were moderate [sensitivity for right pulmonary artery (RPA) 67%, left pulmonary artery (LPA) 54%, specificity for RPA 65%, LPA 72%] with low levels of accuracy (RPA and LPA 42%). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were better for aorta (82, 86, and 63%, respectively). Conclusion This study demonstrates modest agreement between echocardiographic and CMR measures of vessel diameter and stenosis detection. Approximately a quarter of all vessel segments could not be measured using echocardiography due to poor image quality, which was significantly lower in non-sedated patients. These findings show that echocardiography cannot substitute CMR for reliable identification of great vessel stenoses in complex patients prior to the BCPC, particularly those with Blalock-Taussig shunts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Krupickova
- Cardiorespiratory Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Vivek Muthurangu
- Cardiorespiratory Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK.,Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science London, London, UK
| | - Marina Hughes
- Cardiorespiratory Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Oliver Tann
- Cardiorespiratory Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Michelle Carr
- Cardiorespiratory Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Georgi Christov
- Cardiorespiratory Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Ram Awat
- Cardiorespiratory Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Andrew Taylor
- Cardiorespiratory Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK.,Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science London, London, UK
| | - Jan Marek
- Cardiorespiratory Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK.,Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science London, London, UK
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47
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Steeg S, Emsley R, Carr M, Cooper J, Kapur N. Routine hospital management of self-harm and risk of further self-harm: propensity score analysis using record-based cohort data. Psychol Med 2018; 48:315-326. [PMID: 28637535 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The care received by people presenting to hospital following self-harm varies and it is unclear how different types of treatment affect risk of further self-harm. METHOD Observational cohort data from the Manchester Self-Harm Project, UK, included 16 456 individuals presenting to an Emergency Department with self-harm between 2003 and 2011. Individuals were followed up for 12 months. We also used data from a smaller cohort of individuals presenting to 31 hospitals in England during a 3-month period in 2010/2011, followed up for 6 months. Propensity score (PS) methods were used to address observed confounding. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation. RESULTS Following PS stratification, those who received a psychosocial assessment had a lower risk of repeat hospital attendance for self-harm than those who were not assessed [RR 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80-0.95]. The risk was reduced most among people less likely to be assessed. Following PS matching, we found no associations between risks of repeat self-harm and admission to a medical bed, referral to outpatient psychiatry or admission to a psychiatric bed. We did not find a relationship between psychosocial assessment and repeat self-harm in the 31 centre cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the potential value of using novel statistical techniques in large mental health datasets to estimate treatment effects. We found that specialist psychosocial assessment may reduce the risk of repeat self-harm. This type of routine care should be provided for all individuals who present to hospital after self-harm, regardless of perceived risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Steeg
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health,Centre for Suicide Prevention, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre,Manchester,UK
| | - R Emsley
- Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre,Manchester,UK
| | - M Carr
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health,Centre for Suicide Prevention, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre,Manchester,UK
| | - J Cooper
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health,Centre for Suicide Prevention, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre,Manchester,UK
| | - N Kapur
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health,Centre for Suicide Prevention, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre,Manchester,UK
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49
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Carr M, Saint-Onge K, Blanchette-Carrière C, Paquette T, Nielsen T. Elevated perseveration errors on a verbal fluency task in frequent nightmare recallers: a replication. J Sleep Res 2017; 27:e12644. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Carr
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine; CIUSSS-NîM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Swansea University Sleep Laboratory; Department of Psychology; Swansea University; Swansea UK
| | - Kadia Saint-Onge
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine; CIUSSS-NîM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Department of Psychology; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Cloé Blanchette-Carrière
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine; CIUSSS-NîM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Department of Psychology; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Tyna Paquette
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine; CIUSSS-NîM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine; CIUSSS-NîM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Department of Psychiatry; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
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50
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Marquis L, Julien S, Blanchette-Carrière C, Baril A, Desjardins M, Carr M, Paquette T, Soucy J, Montplaisir J, Nielsen T. 0732 NIGHTMARE DISTRESS IS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN FRONTAL AREAS DURING AN IAPS PICTURE-VIEWING TASK. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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