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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the event-related brain potential has been used to examine auditory monitoring in various mental disorders. Previous research with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients has revealed contradictory results. Enhanced as well as diminished MMNs have been obtained. METHOD The multifeature protocol was employed to investigate the pattern of MMN in 17 military deployment-related PTSD patients and a group of healthy university student controls. RESULTS Our results suggest no general effect of PTSD on the MMN involving the majority of acoustic features. There were slightly reduced MMNs in patients relative to controls for 2 of the features (duration, location). On the other hand, the N1 component was reduced in patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Choice of the stimulus protocol might be an important factor to explain inconsistent results in previous research. Differences in the auditory context between stimulus protocols and deficits in the formation of larger (auditory) contexts in PTSD might account for the results. SIGNIFICANCE This study adds to the small number of studies on PTSD and MMN and revealed valuable information to guide future, related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Löw
- 1 Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes D Frey
- 1 Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Gorzka
- 2 Center for Mental Health, German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anika Engers
- 2 Center for Mental Health, German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mike Wendt
- 1 Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,3 Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helge Höllmer
- 2 Center for Mental Health, German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Jacobsen
- 1 Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Haberland L, Höllmer H, Schulz H, Spiegelhalder K, Gorzka R. Changes in sleep architecture in German Armed Forces personnel with posttraumatic stress disorder compared with depressed and healthy control subjects. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215355. [PMID: 30995285 PMCID: PMC6469790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compares the sleep architecture of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with that of both patients with depression and subjects with no mental disorder. METHOD 45 German armed forces personnel with PTSD, 72 German armed forces personnel with depression and 24 healthy control subjects underwent 24-hour polysomnography. The effects of group membership, medication and the statistical interaction of group and medication were analysed for the following variables: sleep onset latency, REM sleep latency, slow-wave sleep and REM sleep percentages. RESULTS Sleep onset latency was significantly prolonged in both the PTSD and the depression group. Moreover, psychotropic medication was associated with significantly prolonged REM sleep latency. CONCLUSION The impact on sleep onset latency is of special clinical relevance in that according to preliminary studies, it is of major importance for subjective sleep quality. In contrast to the other parameters, an increase in sleep onset latency results in a subjective reduction in sleep quality which can lead to hyperarousal and increased preoccupation with sleep, which in turn may lead to dysfunctional sleep patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Haberland
- German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Centre for Mental Health, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Helge Höllmer
- German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Centre for Mental Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Schulz
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Medical Psychology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- University Medical Centre Freiburg, Centre of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Gorzka
- German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Centre for Mental Health, Hamburg, Germany
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Gieselmann A, Ait Aoudia M, Carr M, Germain A, Gorzka R, Holzinger B, Kleim B, Krakow B, Kunze AE, Lancee J, Nadorff MR, Nielsen T, Riemann D, Sandahl H, Schlarb AA, Schmid C, Schredl M, Spoormaker VI, Steil R, van Schagen AM, Wittmann L, Zschoche M, Pietrowsky R. Aetiology and treatment of nightmare disorder: State of the art and future perspectives. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12820. [PMID: 30697860 PMCID: PMC6850667 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This consensus paper provides an overview of the state of the art in research on the aetiology and treatment of nightmare disorder and outlines further perspectives on these issues. It presents a definition of nightmares and nightmare disorder followed by epidemiological findings, and then explains existing models of nightmare aetiology in traumatized and non‐traumatized individuals. Chronic nightmares develop through the interaction of elevated hyperarousal and impaired fear extinction. This interplay is assumed to be facilitated by trait affect distress elicited by traumatic experiences, early childhood adversity and trait susceptibility, as well as by elevated thought suppression and potentially sleep‐disordered breathing. Accordingly, different treatment options for nightmares focus on their meaning, on the chronic repetition of the nightmare or on maladaptive beliefs. Clinically, knowledge of healthcare providers about nightmare disorder and the delivery of evidence‐based interventions in the healthcare system is discussed. Based on these findings, we highlight some future perspectives and potential further developments of nightmare treatments and research into nightmare aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gieselmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malik Ait Aoudia
- Centre du Psychotrauma de l'Institut de Victimologie à Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Carr
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Anne Germain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Gorzka
- Central Institute for Mental Health, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Kleim
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Barry Krakow
- Maimonides Sleep Arts and Sciences, Ltd, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Anna E Kunze
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jaap Lancee
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael R Nadorff
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hinuga Sandahl
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Angelika A Schlarb
- Department of Psychology and Sports, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Carolin Schmid
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael Schredl
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Regina Steil
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Annette M van Schagen
- Foundation Centrum '45, Partner in Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - Lutz Wittmann
- International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Zschoche
- Department of Psychology and Sports, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Reinhard Pietrowsky
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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