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Nyitray AG, McAuliffe TL, Liebert C, Swartz MD, Deshmukh AA, Chiao EY, Weaver L, Almirol E, Kerman J, Schneider JA, Wilkerson JM, Hwang LY, Smith D, Hazra A. The accuracy of anal self- and companion exams among sexual minority men and transgender women: a prospective analysis. Lancet Reg Health Am 2024; 31:100704. [PMID: 38440068 PMCID: PMC10910307 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Background Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) annual incidence among sexual minority men with and without HIV is 85/100,000 and 19/100,000 persons, respectively, which is significantly higher than the overall incidence (2/100,000). Incidence may also be higher in transgender women. Since SCCA tumours average ≥30 mm at diagnosis, we assessed the accuracy of individuals to self-detect smaller anal abnormalities. Methods Using convenience sampling, the study enrolled sexual minority men and transgender women, aged 25-81 years, in Chicago, Illinois and Houston, Texas, USA, during 2020-2022. Individuals were taught the anal self-examination and anal companion examination (ASE/ACE). Then, a clinician performed a digital anal rectal examination (DARE) before participants conducted the ASE or ACE. The sensitivity, specificity and concordance of the ASE/ACE to detect an abnormality were measured along with factors associated with ASE/ACE and DARE concordance. Findings Among 714 enrolled individuals, the median age was 40 years (interquartile range, 32-54), 36.8% (259/703) were living with HIV, and 47.0% (334/710), 23.4% (166/710), and 23.0% (163/710) were non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic, respectively. A total of 94.1% (671/713) identified as cisgendered men, and 5.9% (42/713) as gender minorities. A total of 658 participants completed an ASE and 28 couples (56 partners) completed an ACE. Clinicians detected abnormalities in 34.3% (245/714) of individuals. The abnormalities were a median of 3 mm in diameter. Sensitivity and specificity of the ASE/ACE was 59.6% (95% CI 53.5-65.7%) and 80.2% (95% CI 76.6-83.8%), respectively. Overall concordance was 0.73 (95% CI 0.70-0.76) between ASE/ACE and DARE and increased with increasing anal canal lesion size (p = 0.02). Concordance was lower when participants were older and received ASE/ACE training from a lay person rather than a clinician. Interpretation Sexual minority men/transgender women may self-detect SCCA when malignant lesions are much smaller than the current mean dimension at presentation of ≥30 mm. Funding National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G. Nyitray
- Clinical Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Timothy L. McAuliffe
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Cameron Liebert
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA
| | - Michael D. Swartz
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashish A. Deshmukh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Cancer Control Program, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Lou Weaver
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ellen Almirol
- University of Chicago, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Chicago, USA
| | - Jared Kerman
- University of Chicago, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Chicago, USA
| | - John A. Schneider
- University of Chicago, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Chicago, USA
| | - J. Michael Wilkerson
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Derek Smith
- The Crofoot Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aniruddha Hazra
- University of Chicago, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Chicago, USA
| | - The Prevent Anal Cancer Palpation Study Team
- Clinical Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Cancer Control Program, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Chicago, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Chicago, USA
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
- The Crofoot Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Hassan MM, Li D, Han Y, Byun J, Hatia RI, Long E, Choi J, Kelley RK, Cleary SP, Lok AS, Bracci P, Permuth JB, Bucur R, Yuan JM, Singal AG, Jalal PK, Ghobrial RM, Santella RM, Kono Y, Shah DP, Nguyen MH, Liu G, Parikh ND, Kim R, Wu HC, El-Serag H, Chang P, Li Y, Chun YS, Lee SS, Gu J, Hawk E, Sun R, Huff C, Rashid A, Amin HM, Beretta L, Wolff RA, Antwi SO, Patt Y, Hwang LY, Klein AP, Zhang K, Schmidt MA, White DL, Goss JA, Khaderi SA, Marrero JA, Cigarroa FG, Shah PK, Kaseb AO, Roberts LR, Amos CI. Genome-wide association study identifies high-impact susceptibility loci for HCC in North America. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00763. [PMID: 38381705 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite the substantial impact of environmental factors, individuals with a family history of liver cancer have an increased risk for HCC. However, genetic factors have not been studied systematically by genome-wide approaches in large numbers of individuals from European descent populations (EDP). APPROACH AND RESULTS We conducted a 2-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) on HCC not affected by HBV infections. A total of 1872 HCC cases and 2907 controls were included in the discovery stage, and 1200 HCC cases and 1832 controls in the validation. We analyzed the discovery and validation samples separately and then conducted a meta-analysis. All analyses were conducted in the presence and absence of HCV. The liability-scale heritability was 24.4% for overall HCC. Five regions with significant ORs (95% CI) were identified for nonviral HCC: 3p22.1, MOBP , rs9842969, (0.51, [0.40-0.65]); 5p15.33, TERT , rs2242652, (0.70, (0.62-0.79]); 19q13.11, TM6SF2 , rs58542926, (1.49, [1.29-1.72]); 19p13.11 MAU2 , rs58489806, (1.53, (1.33-1.75]); and 22q13.31, PNPLA3 , rs738409, (1.66, [1.51-1.83]). One region was identified for HCV-induced HCC: 6p21.31, human leukocyte antigen DQ beta 1, rs9275224, (0.79, [0.74-0.84]). A combination of homozygous variants of PNPLA3 and TERT showing a 6.5-fold higher risk for nonviral-related HCC compared to individuals lacking these genotypes. This observation suggests that gene-gene interactions may identify individuals at elevated risk for developing HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our GWAS highlights novel genetic susceptibility of nonviral HCC among European descent populations from North America with substantial heritability. Selected genetic influences were observed for HCV-positive HCC. Our findings indicate the importance of genetic susceptibility to HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Hassan
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Younghun Han
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jinyoung Byun
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rikita I Hatia
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erping Long
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robin Kate Kelley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sean P Cleary
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna S Lok
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paige Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Roxana Bucur
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amit G Singal
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Prasun K Jalal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - R Mark Ghobrial
- J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Yuko Kono
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dimpy P Shah
- Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neehar D Parikh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard Kim
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Hashem El-Serag
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yun Shin Chun
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sunyoung S Lee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ernest Hawk
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Beretta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Samuel O Antwi
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Yehuda Patt
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environment Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Zhang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mikayla A Schmidt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Donna L White
- Sections of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John A Goss
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Michael E. DeBakey School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Saira A Khaderi
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jorge A Marrero
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Francisco G Cigarroa
- Transplant Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Pankil K Shah
- Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Nyitray AG, McAuliffe TL, Liebert C, Swartz MD, Deshmukh AA, Chiao EY, Weaver L, Almirol E, Kerman J, Schneider JA, Wilkerson JM, Hwang LY, Smith D, Hazra A. The accuracy of anal self- and companion exams among sexual minority men and transgender women: The Prevent Anal Cancer Palpation Study. medRxiv 2023:2023.10.19.23297209. [PMID: 37905024 PMCID: PMC10615006 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.19.23297209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) annual incidence among sexual minority men (SMM) with and without HIV is 85/100,000 and 19/100,000 persons, respectively, which is significantly higher than the overall incidence (2/100,000). Since SCCA tumours average ≥30 mm at diagnosis, we assessed the accuracy of individuals to self-detect anal abnormalities. Methods The study enrolled 714 SMM and transgender women (SMM/TW), aged 25 to 81 years, in Chicago, Illinois and Houston, Texas during 2020-2022. Individuals were taught the anal self- and companion examinations (ASE/ACE). Then, a clinician performed a digital anal rectal examination (DARE) before participants conducted the ASE or ACE. Accuracy was measured along with factors associated with ASE/ACE and DARE concordance. Findings The median age was 40 years (interquartile range, 32-54), 36.8% were living with HIV, and 47.0%, 23.4%, and 23.0% were non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic. Clinicians detected 245 individuals with abnormalities (median diameter 3 mm). Sensitivity and specificity of the ASE/ACE was 59.6% (95%CI 53.5-65.7%) and 80.2% (95%CI 76.6-83.8%), respectively. Overall concordance was 0.73 (95% CI 0.70-0.76) between ASE/ACE and DARE and increased with increasing anal canal lesion size (p=0.02). However, concordance was lower for participants aged ≥55 years (compared to 25-34 years) and when the ASE/ACE trainer was a lay person rather than a clinician. Interpretation SMM/TW who complete an ASE or ACE are likely to detect SCCA at an early stage when malignant lesions are much smaller than the current median dimension at presentation of ≥30 mm. Funding National Cancer Institute. Research in context Evidence before this study: While squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) incidence is substantially elevated in people with HIV, there are currently no consensus recommendations on how to screen for it, nor is there widespread technological infrastructure for one prevailing method, high-resolution anoscopy. In the absence of screening programs, the size of SCCA tumours at diagnosis are > 30 mm. We searched PubMed for articles between January 1, 2000 and June 15, 2023 using the search terms 'anus neoplasm' and 'self-examination'. We found no studies assessing the accuracy of self-examinations to detect anal masses other than our prior feasibility study.Added value of this study: The primary goal of the Prevent Anal Cancer Palpation Study was to assess the accuracy of lay self-examinations and companion examinations to recognise abnormalities in the anal region. Clinicians conducted a digital anal rectal examination and recorded all lesions observed at the perianus or anal canal. The median size of lesions was 3 mm. Participants conducted lay examinations and these results were judged against a clinician's examination. The sensitivity and specificity of the lay examinations, for any lesion at the anal canal or perianal region was 59.6% and 80.1%, respectively. As lesions increased in size, concordance increased between clinician's exam and the lay exam.Implications of all the available evidence: It is now known that high-resolution anoscopy can reduce the risk for SCCA but the infrastructure using this technology is very limited in high-resource settings and almost non-existent in low resource settings, especially where HIV prevalence is highest. The evidence suggests that self- and partner examination of the anal region is feasible and that lay persons can detect lesions that are much smaller than the prevailing size of SCCA tumours.
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Salyards M, Nijhawan AE, Kuo J, Knights SM, Lazarte S, Labo N, Miley W, Whitby D, Hwang LY, Kornberg AW, Fujimoto K, Chiao EY. Prevalence, Incidence, and Predictors of Kaposi Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus Infection Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Southern United States. J Infect Dis 2023:jiad384. [PMID: 37711067 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality in populations at risk in the southern US. Utilizing biospecimens from the Houston site of the Young Men's Affiliate Project, 351 men who have sex with men had blood tested for Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) IgG. Measuring seroprevalence, seroconversion between timepoints, and demographic and clinical correlates, KSHV prevalence was 36.7% and incidence was 8.9 per 100 person-years, prevalence and incidence were higher among Black individuals, people living with HIV, and those with a history of syphilis. Further research on KSHV risk may improve health disparities in KS diagnosis and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maverick Salyards
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ank E Nijhawan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Parkland Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacky Kuo
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sheena M Knights
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Parkland Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Susana Lazarte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Parkland Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nazzarena Labo
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Wendell Miley
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna-William Kornberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kayo Fujimoto
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Y Chiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Truong VTT, Green C, Pedroza C, Hwang LY, Rajan SS, Suchting R, Cinciripini P, Tyndale RF, Lerman C. Bayesian regularization to predict neuropsychiatric adverse events in smoking cessation with pharmacotherapy. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:107. [PMID: 37118656 PMCID: PMC10148544 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-01931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on risk factors for neuropsychiatric adverse events (NAEs) in smoking cessation with pharmacotherapy is scarce. We aimed to identify predictors and develop a prediction model for risk of NAEs in smoking cessation with medications using Bayesian regularization. METHODS Bayesian regularization was implemented by applying two shrinkage priors, Horseshoe and Laplace, to generalized linear mixed models on data from 1203 patients treated with nicotine patch, varenicline or placebo. Two predictor models were considered to separate summary scores and item scores in the psychosocial instruments. The summary score model had 19 predictors or 26 dummy variables and the item score model 51 predictors or 58 dummy variables. A total of 18 models were investigated. RESULTS An item score model with Horseshoe prior and 7 degrees of freedom was selected as the final model upon model comparison and assessment. At baseline, smokers reporting more abnormal dreams or nightmares had 16% greater odds of experiencing NAEs during treatment (regularized odds ratio (rOR) = 1.16, 95% credible interval (CrI) = 0.95 - 1.56, posterior probability P(rOR > 1) = 0.90) while those with more severe sleep problems had 9% greater odds (rOR = 1.09, 95% CrI = 0.95 - 1.37, P(rOR > 1) = 0.85). The prouder a person felt one week before baseline resulted in 13% smaller odds of having NAEs (rOR = 0.87, 95% CrI = 0.71 - 1.02, P(rOR < 1) = 0.94). Odds of NAEs were comparable across treatment groups. The final model did not perform well in the test set. CONCLUSIONS Worse sleep-related symptoms reported at baseline resulted in 85%-90% probability of being more likely to experience NAEs during smoking cessation with pharmacotherapy. Treatment for sleep disturbance should be incorporated in smoking cessation program for smokers with sleep disturbance at baseline. Bayesian regularization with Horseshoe prior permits including more predictors in a regression model when there is a low number of events per variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thi Thanh Truong
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6400 Fannin Street, Suite 2850, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Charles Green
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Pedroza
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suja S Rajan
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Suchting
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Caryn Lerman
- Keck School of Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Amboree TL, Nyitray AG, Schneider J, Gargurevich N, Kuo J, Chiao EY, Hwang LY, Fujimoto K. Are human papillomavirus knowledge and vaccine uptake associated with HIV status and social determinants of health in young sexual minority men? Prev Med Rep 2023; 32:102132. [PMID: 36798795 PMCID: PMC9925951 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This brief report examines the relationship, if any, between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, and individual-level and socio-sexual partner-level factors of social determinants of health (SDOH) that are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and vaccine uptake in young sexual minority men (YSMM). We used data from 126 YSMM recruited by network-based sampling during 2015-2016 in Houston, Texas. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were conducted to test the association between HIV status, SDOH, and HPV knowledge and vaccine uptake. Those living with HIV had lower odds of knowledge of HPV-associated anal cancer (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.18-0.97) and knowledge of HPV spreading via sexual contact (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.01-0.64), and higher odds of HPV vaccine uptake (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.11-8.02). HPV knowledge and vaccine uptake in YSMM was not associated with partner's attributes or individuals' SDOH factors in our study yet was significantly associated with HIV status. Future interventions are needed to increase HPV knowledge among individuals living with HIV and vaccine uptake particularly among YSMM living without HIV that are not engaged in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha L. Amboree
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6620 Main St, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Alan G. Nyitray
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Clinical Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5837 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA,Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, 5837 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Nick Gargurevich
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jacky Kuo
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth Y. Chiao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Departments of Epidemiology and Medical Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kayo Fujimoto
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Fujimoto K, Nyitray AG, Kuo J, Zhao J, Hwang LY, Chiao E, Giuliano AR, Schneider JA, Khanna A. Social networks, high-risk anal HPV and coinfection with HIV in young sexual minority men. Sex Transm Infect 2022; 98:557-563. [PMID: 35184046 PMCID: PMC9388701 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2021-055283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Young sexual minority men (SMM) exhibit a high prevalence and incidence of high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (hrHPV) anal infections and a confluence of a high prevalence of HIV and rectal STIs. Social determinants of health (SDOHs) are linked to social network contexts that generate and maintain racial disparities in HIV and STIs. A network perspective was provided to advance our knowledge of drivers of genotype-specific hrHPV infection and coinfection with HIV. The study also examined whether socially connected men are infected with the same high-risk HPV genotypes and, if so, whether this tendency is conditioned on coinfection with HIV. METHODS Our sample included 136 young SMM of predominantly black race and their network members of other races and ethnicities, aged 18-29 years, who resided in Houston, Texas, USA. These participants were recruited during 2014-2016 at the baseline recruitment period by network-based peer referral, where anal exfoliated cells and named social and sexual partners were collected. Exponential random graph models were estimated to assess similarity in genotype-specific hrHPV anal infection in social connections and coinfection with HIV in consideration of the effects of similarity in sociodemographic, sexual behavioural characteristics, SDOHs and syphilis infection. RESULTS Pairs of men socially connected to each other tend to be infected with the same hrHPV genotypes of HPV-16, HPV-45 and HPV-51 or HPV-16 and/or HPV-18. The tendency of social connections between pairs of men who were infected with either HPV-16 or HPV-18 were conditioned on HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS Networked patterns of hrHPV infection could be amenable to network-based HPV prevention interventions that engage young SMM of predominantly racial minority groups who are out of HIV care and vulnerable to high-risk HPV acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Fujimoto
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alan G Nyitray
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacky Kuo
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chiao
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer (CIIRC), Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John A Schneider
- Department of Medicine and Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aditya Khanna
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Lopez AR, Nguyen AV, Williams K, Kwan L, Hwang LY, Rible RD. P069Adolescent patients’ comfort discussing contraception: Comparing physicians’ perceptions and adolescents’ self-reported preferences. Contraception 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Fujimoto K, Paraskevis D, Kuo JC, Hallmark CJ, Zhao J, Hochi A, Kuhns LM, Hwang LY, Hatzakis A, Schneider JA. Integrated molecular and affiliation network analysis: Core-periphery social clustering is associated with HIV transmission patterns. Soc Networks 2022; 68:107-117. [PMID: 34262236 PMCID: PMC8274587 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the two-mode core-periphery structures of venue affiliation networks of younger Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). We examined the association between these structures and HIV phylogenetic clusters, defined as members who share highly similar HIV strains that are regarded as a proxy for sexual affiliation networks. Using data from 114 YBMSM who are living with HIV in two large U.S. cities, we found that HIV phylogenetic clustering patterns were associated with social clustering patterns whose members share affiliation with core venues that overlap with those of YBMSM. Distinct HIV transmission patterns were found in each city, a finding that can help to inform tailored venue-based and network intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Fujimoto
- Department of Health Promotion, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Dimitrios Paraskevis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jacky C. Kuo
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | - Jing Zhao
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Andre Hochi
- Department of Health Promotion, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Lisa M Kuhns
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, and Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, #161, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Angelos Hatzakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John A. Schneider
- Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences and the Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, 5837 South Maryland Avenue MC 5065, Chicago, IL 60637
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Jackson I, Rowan P, Padhye N, Hwang LY, Vernon SW. Racial/ethnic differences in health-related quality of life among female breast cancer survivors: cross-sectional findings from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Public Health 2021; 196:74-81. [PMID: 34161858 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer survivors have reported worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes on some subscales when compared with members of the general population. However, the increased attention to breast cancer survivorship should have improved the HRQoL of these survivors. Our aim was to examine whether physical and mental component scores (PCS-12 and MCS-12) using the Short Form (SF-12) questionnaire were different for racial/ethnic minorities, specifically for Black and Hispanic women relative to White women. Furthermore, we stratified the data by age group to evaluate these racial/ethnic differences in HRQoL of breast cancer survivors. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Pooled cross-sectional analyses using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey between 2008 and 2016 were conducted. Pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to examine the racial/ethnic differences in PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores of breast cancer survivors. Furthermore, stratified analyses by age group were conducted to evaluate racial/ethnic differences in HRQoL by the age of breast cancer survivors. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, there was no association between race/ethnicity and PCS-12 scores. However, Hispanic breast cancer survivors had statistically significantly lower MCS-12 scores (by 1.9 points [95% confidence interval {CI}: -3.53 to -0.37]) when compared with White breast cancer survivors. For PCS-12, after stratifying by age, the adjusted analyses showed no significant differences in PCS-12 scores when White female breast cancer survivors were compared with the other racial/ethnic categories. On the other hand, Black female survivors aged <50 years had 4.3 points (95% CI: 0.46-8.13) higher MCS-12 scores when compared with their White counterparts, while Hispanic breast cancer survivors aged <50 years had 3.1 points (95% CI: -0.40-6.69) higher MCS-12 scores relative to White women. Furthermore, among female breast cancer survivors aged ≥50 years, Hispanic women had 3.2 points (95% CI: -4.98 to -1.40) lower MCS-12 scores than White women. CONCLUSION Our study generated findings showing the racial/ethnic differences in HRQoL of breast cancer survivors and presented results stratified by age group. These findings provide the much-needed rationale for targeted and racial/ethnic-specific HRQoL improvement strategies among breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jackson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas-Houston School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - P Rowan
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas-Houston School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Management, Policy, and Community Health, The University of Texas-Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N Padhye
- Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Y Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas-Houston School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S W Vernon
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Fujimoto K, Bahl J, Wertheim JO, Del Vecchio N, Hicks JT, Damodaran L, Hallmark CJ, Lavingia R, Mora R, Carr M, Yang B, Schneider JA, Hwang LY, McNeese M. Author Correction: Methodological synthesis of Bayesian phylodynamics, HIV-TRACE, and GEE: HIV-1 transmission epidemiology in a racially/ethnically diverse Southern U.S. context. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10336. [PMID: 33976320 PMCID: PMC8113263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Fujimoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Justin Bahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joel O Wertheim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Natascha Del Vecchio
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph T Hicks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Camden J Hallmark
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richa Lavingia
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ricardo Mora
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Carr
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Biru Yang
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marlene McNeese
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Fujimoto K, Bahl J, Wertheim JO, Del Vecchio N, Hicks JT, Damodaran L, Hallmark CJ, Lavingia R, Mora R, Carr M, Yang B, Schneider JA, Hwang LY, McNeese M. Methodological synthesis of Bayesian phylodynamics, HIV-TRACE, and GEE: HIV-1 transmission epidemiology in a racially/ethnically diverse Southern U.S. context. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3325. [PMID: 33558579 PMCID: PMC7870963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study introduces an innovative methodological approach to identify potential drivers of structuring HIV-1 transmission clustering patterns between different subpopulations in the culturally and racially/ethnically diverse context of Houston, TX, the largest city in the Southern United States. Using 6332 HIV-1 pol sequences from persons newly diagnosed with HIV during the period 2010–2018, we reconstructed HIV-1 transmission clusters, using the HIV-TRAnsmission Cluster Engine (HIV-TRACE); inferred demographic and risk parameters on HIV-1 transmission dynamics by jointly estimating viral transmission rates across racial/ethnic, age, and transmission risk groups; and modeled the degree of network connectivity by using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Our results indicate that Hispanics/Latinos are most vulnerable to the structure of transmission clusters and serve as a bridge population, acting as recipients of transmissions from Whites (3.0 state changes/year) and from Blacks (2.6 state changes/year) as well as sources of transmissions to Whites (1.8 state changes/year) and to Blacks (1.2 state changes/year). There were high rates of transmission and high network connectivity between younger and older Hispanics/Latinos as well as between younger and older Blacks. Prevention and intervention efforts are needed for transmission clusters that involve younger racial/ethnic minorities, in particular Hispanic/Latino youth, to reduce onward transmission of HIV in Houston.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Fujimoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Justin Bahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joel O Wertheim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Natascha Del Vecchio
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph T Hicks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Camden J Hallmark
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richa Lavingia
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ricardo Mora
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Carr
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Biru Yang
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marlene McNeese
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA
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13
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Hicks JT, Hwang LY, Baraniuk S, White M, Chiao EY, Onwuka N, Ross MW, Nyitray AG. Factors associated with self-reported anal cancer screening history in men who have sex with men. Sex Health 2020; 16:96-98. [PMID: 30517839 DOI: 10.1071/sh18039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at greater risk of developing anal cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) than the rest of the general population. Currently, there are no formal national guidelines in the US advising men how and when to get anal cancer screening. We sought to assess differences in demographics, familiarity and anxiety about anal cancer among men who report having had anal cancer screening (i.e. anal cytology and/or a digital anorectal examination (DARE)). METHODS MSM were recruited to participate in a study to assess the feasibility of teaching self and partner anal examinations as a means of screening for anal cancer. Data for this secondary analysis were obtained using a written pre-test and a computer-assisted self-interview. Factors associated with screening were assessed with multivariable logistic regression to allow calculation of adjusted odds ratios (aORs). RESULTS Of the 197 participants with data, 145 (73.6%) reported having had anal cancer screening (either anal cytology, DARE or both) during their lifetime. Men who were younger, Black and HIV-negative were associated with decreased odds of reporting any type of anal cancer screening. For example, compared with White men, Black men were 80% less likely to report screening (aOR 0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1-0.5). Self-perception of anal cancer knowledge was not associated with screening in multivariable analysis (aOR 1.6; 95% CI 0.6-3.9). CONCLUSIONS Age, race and HIV status were independently associated with a history of anal cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Hicks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Baraniuk
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Margaret White
- Gordon E. Crofoot MD, PA, 3701 Kirby Drive, Suite 1230, Houston, TX 77098, USA
| | - Elizabeth Y Chiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 6620 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nkechi Onwuka
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael W Ross
- University of Minnesota, Program in Human Sexuality, 1300 South 2nd Street, Suite 180, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Alan G Nyitray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Nyitray AG, Fujimoto K, Zhao J, Giuliano AR, Schneider JA, Hwang LY. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection in a Sample of Young, Predominantly Black Men Who Have Sex With Men, Houston, Texas. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:777-784. [PMID: 29216355 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated disease as a result of HPV infection. Our objective was to characterize the prevalence of high-risk anal HPV infection and factors associated with prevalence in a group of young, primarily black MSM in Houston, Texas. Methods MSM aged 18-29 years were recruited using a respondent-driven sampling method to study HIV and sexually transmitted disease transmission and risk. All engaged in peer-recruitment chains and self-collected anal exfoliated cells. Prevalence ratios assessed factors associated with high-risk HPV and HPV types in the 9-valent vaccine. Results Black race was reported by 87% of men. Slightly over one half (53%) were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. Approximately 75% of men had at least 1 high-risk HPV type, and 39% of HIV-positive men harbored HPV-16. Analysis that controlled for potential confounders revealed that only HIV infection was associated with high-risk HPV infection. Conclusion Black MSM would benefit from increased HPV vaccination efforts, owing to high rates of HPV infection, increased HPV disease, and low vaccination series completion rates in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Nyitray
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kayo Fujimoto
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Tampa, Florida
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer (CIRC), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Tampa, Florida
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15
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Liu Z, Nyitray AG, Hwang LY, Swartz MD, Abrahamsen M, Lazcano-Ponce E, Villa LL, Giuliano AR. Acquisition, Persistence, and Clearance of Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Male Virgins Residing in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:767-776. [PMID: 29165581 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in male virgins. This study estimated the incidence and clearance of genital HPV infection and the factors associated with these measures among men who denied at baseline ever having penetrative sex. Methods A cohort of 4123 men residing in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States were followed every 6 months for up to 10 visits. Genital exfoliated cells were collected and genotyped for 36 HPV types. Eighty-seven men were classified as virgins and included for analysis. Cox proportional hazards models identified factors associated with the incidence and clearance of genital HPV infection. Results The incidence rates for any HPV infection among virgins who did and those who did not initiate sex during follow-up were 26.2 and 14.6 cases/1000 person-months, respectively. After penetrative sex initiation, 45.5% of men acquired HPV within 24 months. Younger age, current smoking, no recent female sex partners, and prevalent HPV infection were associated with high-risk HPV clearance. Conclusion Virgins who did not initiate sex during follow-up still acquired HPV infection, possibly through nonpenetrative sexual contact. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to better understand factors associated with HPV acquisition and clearance in male virgins and recent nonvirgins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Alan G Nyitray
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.,Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.,Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Michael D Swartz
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Martha Abrahamsen
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Luisa L Villa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo Department of Radiology and Oncology, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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Mahale P, Engels EA, Li R, Torres HA, Hwang LY, Brown EL, Kramer JR. The effect of sustained virological response on the risk of extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection. Gut 2018; 67. [PMID: 28634198 PMCID: PMC6292199 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Chronic HCV infection is associated with several extrahepatic manifestations (EHMs). Data on the effect of sustained virological response (SVR) on the risk of EHMs are limited. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data of patients from the US Veterans Affairs HCV Clinical Case Registry who had a positive HCV RNA test (10/1999-08/2009). Patients receiving interferon-based antiviral therapy (AVT) were identified. SVR was defined as negative HCV RNA at least 12 weeks after end of AVT. Risks of eight incident EHMs were evaluated in Cox regression models. RESULTS Of the 160 875 HCV-infected veterans, 31 143 (19.4%) received AVT, of whom 10 575 (33.9%) experienced SVR. EHM risk was reduced in the SVR group compared with untreated patients for mixed cryoglobulinaemia (adjusted HR (aHR)=0.61; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.94), glomerulonephritis (aHR=0.62; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.79), porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) (aHR=0.41; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.83), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (aHR=0.64; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.95), diabetes (aHR=0.82; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.88) and stroke (aHR=0.84; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.94), but not for lichen planus (aHR=1.11; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.56) or coronary heart disease (aHR=1.12; 95% CI 0.81 to 1.56). Risk reductions were also observed when patients with SVR were compared with treated patients without SVR for mixed cryoglobulinaemia, glomerulonephritis, PCT and diabetes. Significant reductions in the magnitude of aHRs towards the null with increasing time to initiation of AVT after HCV diagnosis were observed for glomerulonephritis, NHL and stroke. CONCLUSIONS Risks of several EHMs of HCV infection are reduced after AVT with SVR. However, early initiation of AVT may be required to reduce the risk of glomerulonephritis, NHL and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Mahale
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas,Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Eric A. Engels
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ruosha Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Harrys A. Torres
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric L. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer R. Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas,Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Department of Medicine, Section of Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Fujimoto K, Coghill LM, Weier CA, Hwang LY, Kim JY, Schneider JA, Metzker ML, Brown JM. Short Communication: Lack of Support for Socially Connected HIV-1 Transmission Among Young Adult Black Men Who Have Sex with Men. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:935-940. [PMID: 28398775 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the phylogenetic relationships among HIV sequences sampled from young adult black men who have sex with men (YAB-MSM), who are connected through peer referral/social ties and who attend common venues. Using 196 viral sequences sampled from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 10 individuals, our preliminary phylogenetic results indicate that these socially connected YAB-MSM are infected with distantly related viruses and provide no evidence for viral transmission between network members. Our results suggest that HIV-prevention strategies that target young adult MSM should extend beyond their network members and local community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Fujimoto
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Lyndon M. Coghill
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | | | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ju Yeong Kim
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Jeremy M. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Nyitray AG, Hicks JT, Hwang LY, Baraniuk S, White M, Millas S, Onwuka N, Zhang X, Brown EL, Ross MW, Chiao EY. A phase II clinical study to assess the feasibility of self and partner anal examinations to detect anal canal abnormalities including anal cancer. Sex Transm Infect 2017; 94:124-130. [PMID: 28835533 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2017-053283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anal cancer is a common cancer among men who have sex with men (MSM); however, there is no standard screening protocol for anal cancer. We conducted a phase II clinical trial to assess the feasibility of teaching MSM to recognise palpable masses in the anal canal which is a common sign of anal cancer in men. METHODS A clinician skilled in performing digital anorectal examinations (DARE) used a pelvic manikin to train 200 MSM, aged 27-78 years, how to do a self-anal examination (SAE) for singles or a partner anal examination (PAE) for couples. The clinician then performed a DARE without immediately disclosing results, after which the man or couple performed an SAE or PAE, respectively. Percentage agreement with the clinician DARE in addition to sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the SAE, PAE and overall. RESULTS Men had a median age of 52 years, 42.5% were African American and 60.5% were HIV positive. DARE detected abnormalities in 12 men while the men's SAE/PAEs detected 9 of these. A total of 93.0% of men classified the health of their anal canal correctly (95% CI 89.5 to 96.5). Overall percentage agreement, sensitivity and specificity were 93.0%, 75.0% and 94.2%, respectively, while PPV and NPV were 45.0% and 98.3%, respectively. The six men who detected the abnormality had nodules/masses ≥3 mm in size. More than half of men (60.5%) reported never checking their anus for an abnormality; however, after performing an SAE/PAE, 93.0% said they would repeat it in the future. CONCLUSION These results suggest that tumours of ≥3 mm may be detectable by self or partner palpation among MSM and encourage further investigation given literature suggesting a high cure rate for anal cancer tumours ≤10 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Nyitray
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph T Hicks
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Baraniuk
- Department of Biostatistics, Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Stefanos Millas
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nkechi Onwuka
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric L Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael W Ross
- University of Minnesota, Program in Human Sexuality, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth Y Chiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Butame SA, Lawler S, Hicks JT, Wilkerson JM, Hwang LY, Baraniuk S, Ross MW, Chiao EY, Nyitray AG. A qualitative investigation among men who have sex with men on the acceptability of performing a self- or partner anal exam to screen for anal cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:1157-1166. [PMID: 28779467 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of anal cancer, a disease that disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM); however, there is no uniform screening protocol to detect anal cancer. This qualitative study explores whether a self-anal exam (SAE) or partner anal exam (PAE), that includes self-palpation or palpation of a partner's anal canal, is an acceptable and self-efficacious screening test, which will cue appropriate follow-up care in MSM. METHODS Twenty-four MSM living in Houston took part in four focus group sessions eliciting their responses to a study teaching them to perform an SAE or PAE (SAE/PAE). Participants were asked about the acceptability and feasibility of executing an SAE/PAE routinely. Thematic analysis of session transcripts was used to identify common patterns in participant responses. RESULTS Overall, participants expressed self-efficacy for performing an SAE/PAE and voiced a preference for being taught the procedure by a clinician. Participants agreed that they would consult with a clinician if they ever discovered an abnormality while performing an SAE/PAE. A lack of knowledge about anal cancer among MSM may present a barrier to adopting SAE/PAE. In discussing their experience of the exams, some participants suggested that it could become a routine practice for them. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that SAE and PAE, as a screen for anal cancer, are acceptable and feasible to MSM. Future research should explore attitudes and beliefs of MSM, with the aim of improving anal cancer education and understanding of pathologic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyram A Butame
- Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health (MPACH), School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., RAS - E903K, Houston, TX, 77030-3900, USA.
| | - Sylvia Lawler
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph T Hicks
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Michael Wilkerson
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Baraniuk
- Department of Biostatistics, Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael W Ross
- Program in Human Sexuality, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Yu Chiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alan G Nyitray
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Mahale P, Torres HA, Kramer JR, Hwang LY, Li R, Brown EL, Engels EA. Hepatitis C virus infection and the risk of cancer among elderly US adults: A registry-based case-control study. Cancer 2017; 123:1202-1211. [PMID: 28117886 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Associations with other cancers are not established. The authors systematically assessed associations between HCV infection and cancers in the US elderly population. METHODS This was a registry-based case-control study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data in US adults aged ≥66 years. Cases (n = 1,623,538) were patients who had first cancers identified in SEER registries (1993-2011). Controls (n = 200,000) were randomly selected, cancer-free individuals who were frequency-matched to cases on age, sex, race, and calendar year. Associations with HCV (documented by Medicare claims) were determined using logistic regression. RESULTS HCV prevalence was higher in cases than in controls (0.7% vs 0.5%). HCV was positively associated with cancers of the liver (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 31.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 29.0-34.3), intrahepatic bile duct (aOR, 3.40; 95% CI, 2.52-4.58), extrahepatic bile duct (aOR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.41-2.57), pancreas (aOR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.40), and anus (aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.42-2.73); nonmelanoma nonepithelial skin cancer (aOR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.15-2.04); myelodysplastic syndrome (aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.33-1.83); and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (aOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.34-1.84). Specific skin cancers associated with HCV were Merkel cell carcinoma (aOR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.30-2.85) and appendageal skin cancers (aOR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.29-3.16). Inverse associations were observed with uterine cancer (aOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51-0.80) and prostate cancer (aOR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66-0.82). Associations were maintained in sensitivity analyses conducted among individuals without documented alcohol abuse, cirrhosis, or hepatitis B or human immunodeficiency virus infections and after adjustment for socioeconomic status. Associations of HCV with other cancers were not observed. CONCLUSIONS HCV is associated with increased risk of cancers other than HCC in the US elderly population, notably bile duct cancers and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. These results support a possible etiologic role for HCV in an expanded group of cancers. Cancer 2017;123:1202-1211. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Mahale
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.,Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Harrys A Torres
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer R Kramer
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Ruosha Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric L Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric A Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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Liu Z, Nyitray AG, Hwang LY, Swartz MD, Abrahamsen M, Lazcano-Ponce E, Salmerón J, Quiterio M, Villa LL, Baggio ML, Silva RJC, Giuliano AR. Human Papillomavirus Prevalence Among 88 Male Virgins Residing in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1188-91. [PMID: 27489299 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the prevalence and risk factors for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) detection among men who deny ever engaging in penetrative sex. A questionnaire was administered to 4123 men from a cohort study of HPV natural history. Genital exfoliated cells were collected and genotyped for 36 HPV types. Eighty-eight men were classified as virgins. Log-binomial regression models identified factors associated with genital HPV detection. The prevalence of any and high-risk HPV types among 88 male virgins was 25.0% and 18.2%, respectively. Age and smoking status were associated with HPV detection. Further studies are needed to better understand the risk for HPV infection among male virgins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences
| | - Alan G Nyitray
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences Center for Infectious Diseases
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences Center for Infectious Diseases
| | - Michael D Swartz
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Martha Abrahamsen
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Jorge Salmerón
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | - Luisa L Villa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo Department of Radiology and Oncology, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia
| | - Maria Luiza Baggio
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Roberto J C Silva
- Centro de Referência e Treinamento em Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis/AIDS, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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Tran LTH, Bui TC, Markham CM, Swartz MD, Tran QM, Nyitray AG, Huynh TTT, Hwang LY. Women's communication self-efficacy and expectations of primary male partners' cooperation in sexually transmitted infection treatment in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:28. [PMID: 26758034 PMCID: PMC4710979 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) depends on affected patients notifying their sexual partners, and partners following through with screening and treatment. Our study assessed high-risk-STI women’s confidence in STI-diagnosis-related communications with their primary male partners in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and determined associated characteristics of the women and their partners. Methods We employed convenience and snowball sampling in a clinic-based setting to recruit 126 women from August to October 2013. All data were obtained from women’s self-report. Results The proportions of participants who were “slightly confident” or “very confident” that they could disclose their STI positivity to partners, ask partners to have an STI examination or treatment, and give partners bacterial-STI medications were 70.3 %, 62.1 %, and 69.0 %, respectively. The proportions who perceived that their partners would be “very likely” to have an STI examination and to take STI medications were 16.2 % and 38.8 %, respectively. Significantly lower self-efficacy was observed in women who had a lower education level, who had ever traded sex, or whose primary partners were not husbands or fiancés. Conclusions Our results suggest potential for piloting STI-partner-targeted interventions. To be effective, these programs should improve women’s self-efficacy and primary partners’ cooperation with screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Thi-Hai Tran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Thanh Cong Bui
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine M Markham
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael D Swartz
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Quan Minh Tran
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alan G Nyitray
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Bui TC, Tran LTH, Markham CM, Huynh TTT, Tran LT, Pham VTT, Tran QM, Hoang NH, Hwang LY, Sturgis EM. Self-reported oral health, oral hygiene, and oral HPV infection in at-risk women in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120:34-42. [PMID: 26093681 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the relationships among self-reported oral health, oral hygiene practices, and oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. STUDY DESIGN Convenience and referral sampling methods were used in a clinic-based setting to recruit 126 women aged 18-45 years between August and October 2013. Behavioral factors were self-reported. Oral-rinse samples were tested for HPV DNA of 2 low-risk and 13 high-risk genotypes. RESULTS A higher unadjusted prevalence of oral HPV infection was associated with poorer self-rated overall oral health (P = .001), reported oral lesions or problems in the past year (P = .001), and reported a tooth loss not because of injury (P = .001). Higher unadjusted prevalence of oral HPV infection was also associated with two measures of oral hygiene: lower frequencies of toothbrushing per day (P = .047) and gargling without toothbrushing (P = .037). After adjusting for other factors in multivariable logistic regression models, poorer self-rated overall oral health remained statistically associated with oral HPV infection (P = .042); yet the frequency of tooth-brushing per day did not (P = .704). CONCLUSION Results corroborate the association between self-reported poor oral health and oral HPV infection. The effect of oral hygiene on oral HPV infection remains inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Cong Bui
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Ly Thi-Hai Tran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christine M Markham
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Loi Thi Tran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Quan Minh Tran
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Hieu Hoang
- Biochemistry Department, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erich Madison Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Shah DP, Grimes CZ, Nguyen AT, Lai D, Hwang LY. Long-term effectiveness of accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedule in drug users. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:e36-43. [PMID: 25880946 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We demonstrated the effectiveness of an accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedule in drug users. METHODS We compared the long-term effectiveness of accelerated (0-1-2 months) and standard (0-1-6 months) hepatitis B vaccination schedules in preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and anti-hepatitis B (anti-HBs) antibody loss during 2-year follow-up in 707 drug users (HIV and HBV negative at enrollment and completed 3 vaccine doses) from February 2004 to October 2009. RESULTS Drug users in the accelerated schedule group had significantly lower HBV infection rates, but had a similar rate of anti-HBs antibody loss compared with the standard schedule group over 2 years of follow-up. No chronic HBV infections were observed. Hepatitis C positivity at enrollment and age younger than 40 years were independent risk factors for HBV infection and antibody loss, respectively. CONCLUSIONS An accelerated vaccination schedule was more preferable than a standard vaccination schedule in preventing HBV infections in drug users. To overcome the disadvantages of a standard vaccination schedule, an accelerated vaccination schedule should be considered in drug users with low adherence. Our study should be repeated in different cohorts to validate our findings and establish the role of an accelerated schedule in hepatitis B vaccination guidelines for drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimpy P Shah
- Dimpy P. Shah, Carolyn Z. Grimes, Anh T. Nguyen, and Lu-Yu Hwang are with the Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston. Dejian Lai is with the Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health
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Tran LTH, Tran LT, Bui TC, Le DTK, Nyitray AG, Markham CM, Swartz MD, Vu-Tran CB, Hwang LY. Risk factors for high-risk and multi-type Human Papillomavirus infections among women in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2015; 15:16. [PMID: 25783645 PMCID: PMC4339249 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-015-0172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Concurrent infection with multiple types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer; yet, little is known about risk factors for concurrent HPV infection in Vietnam. This study investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for high-risk-type HPV and multi-type HPV infections among women in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Methods Data were collected from a population-based survey of 1,550 women (mean age = 42.4; SD = 9.5), using a multi-stage sampling process. Socio-demographic and behavioral variables were obtained by self-report. HPV genotypes in cervical specimens were identified using PCR protocols. Results The prevalence of any high-risk HPV infection was 9.0%, and of multi-type HPV infection was 1.9%. In the HPV+ subsample, the percentage of high-risk HPV was 84% and of multi-type HPV was 20%. All multi-type HPV infections were high-risk-type. Lifetime smoking and older age of first sex were significantly associated with any high-risk and multi-type HPV infections. Regular condom use was inversely associated with high-risk and multi-type HPV infection. Conclusions Risk factors for high-risk and multi-type HPV infections were similar. Further research and intervention are needed to reduce HPV infections in order to prevent HPV-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Thi-Hai Tran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,
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Tran LT, Bui TC, Pham VT, Markham CM, Nyitray AG, Swartz MD, Tran LT, Hwang LY. Perception of primary male sexual partners' characteristics and women's history of sexually transmissible infections in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Sex Health 2015; 12:328-35. [PMID: 26005058 DOI: 10.1071/sh14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background Evidence regarding whether male partners' characteristics can influence women's likelihood of getting sexually transmissible infections (STIs) is insufficient and inconsistent. Our study examined associations between women's perception of primary male partners' demographic and behavioural characteristics and women's history of bacterial STI diagnoses among 126 women at risk for STIs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. METHODS All variables were obtained by women's self-report. Due to the excess zeroes of the number of bacterial STI diagnoses for women, we used Zero-Inflated Poisson regression to examine associations of interest. RESULTS Among women who had one lifetime male partner (n=49), the partner's number of female sexual partners [prevalence ratio (PR)=4.63, 95%CI=1.44-14.88] and number of STI diagnoses (PR=27.32, 95%CI=1.56-477.70) were associated with the woman's number of bacterial STI diagnoses, after adjusting for women's education level. For women who had >1 lifetime male partner (n=77), a greater number of women's bacterial STI diagnoses was also associated with their partners' STI history (PR=9.12, 95% CI=2.44-34.11). CONCLUSIONS An increased risk for STIs in women was associated with both individual characteristics and their primary male partner's behavioural risk factors. Therefore, primary male partners' risk factors should be included in STI risk assessments, treatment and interventions for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly T Tran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thanh C Bui
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vy T Pham
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Christine M Markham
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alan G Nyitray
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael D Swartz
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Loi T Tran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wu Q, Xue XF, Shah D, Zhao J, Hwang LY, Zhuang G. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Occupational HIV Exposure and Protection among Health Care Workers in China: Census Survey in a Rural Area. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2014; 15:363-9. [PMID: 25425637 DOI: 10.1177/2325957414558300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care workers (HCWs) seek, treat, and care for patients living with HIV/AIDS on a daily basis and thus face a significant risk to work-related infections. To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding occupational HIV exposure and protection among HCWs in low HIV prevalence areas of rural China. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out among all medical units in Pucheng County, Shaanxi, China. RESULTS Response rate of this study was 94%. The average overall knowledge score of HCWs was 10.9 of 21.0. Deficiencies in general, transmission, exposure, and protection knowledge were identified among HCWs at all levels. A high rate of occupational exposure (85%) and lack of universal precautions practice behavior were recorded. Significant predictors of universal precautions practice behavior were female sex, prior training, and greater knowledge about HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION Health care workers at various levels have inadequate knowledge on HIV/AIDS and do not practice universal precautions. Nurses and medical technicians at the county level faced more occupation risk than other HCWs. The key of AIDS training for different levels of HCWs should be distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Public Health, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Fei Xue
- Pucheng County Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dimpy Shah
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Zhao
- Pucheng County Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - GuiHua Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Public Health, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Tsai IH, Graves DE, Lai CH, Hwang LY, Pompeii LA. Association of internet use and depression among the spinal cord injury population. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 95:236-43. [PMID: 23973443 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between the frequency of Internet use and depression among people with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING SCI Model Systems. PARTICIPANTS People with SCI (N=4618) who were interviewed between 2004 and 2010. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The frequency of Internet use and the severity of depressive symptoms were measured simultaneously by interview. Internet use was reported as daily, weekly, monthly, or none. The depressive symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with 2 published criteria being used to screen for depressive disorder. The diagnostic method places more weight on nonsomatic items (ie, items 1, 2, and 9), and the cut-off method that determines depression by a (PHQ-9) score ≥10 places more weight on somatic factors. The average scores of somatic and nonsomatic items represented the severity of somatic and nonsomatic symptoms, respectively. RESULTS Our multivariate logistic regression model indicated that daily Internet users were less likely to have depressive symptoms (odds ratio=.77; 95% confidence interval, .64-.93), if the diagnostic method was used. The linear multivariate regression analysis indicated that daily and weekly Internet usage were associated with fewer nonsomatic symptoms; no significant association was observed between daily or weekly Internet usage and somatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS People with SCI who used the Internet daily were less likely to have depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX.
| | - Daniel E Graves
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ching-Huang Lai
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Lisa A Pompeii
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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Graham JL, Grimes RM, Slomka J, Ross M, Hwang LY, Giordano TP. The role of trust in delayed HIV diagnosis in a diverse, urban population. AIDS Behav 2013; 17:266-73. [PMID: 22198316 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-011-0114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Delayed diagnosis of HIV infection is a common problem. We hypothesized that persons with less trust in physicians and in the healthcare system would be diagnosed with lower CD4 cell counts than persons with more trust because they would delay seeking healthcare. From January 2006 to October 2007, 171 newly diagnosed HIV-infected persons, not yet in HIV primary care, were recruited from HIV testing sites in Houston, Texas, that primarily serve the under- and un-insured. The participants completed instruments measuring trust in physicians and trust in the healthcare system. Initial CD4 cell counts were obtained from medical record review. Mean trust scores for participants with CD4 cell counts ≥200 cells/mm(3) were compared with scores from participants with CD4 cell counts <200 cells/mm(3). We found that 51% of the cohort was diagnosed with a CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm(3). Neither trust in physicians nor trust in the healthcare system was an independent predictor of delayed diagnosis of HIV infection. In multivariate analysis, men who have sex with men and injection drug users were more likely to have early HIV diagnosis. Race/ethnicity was the only variable statistically significantly predictive of trust in physicians and in the healthcare system. Hispanics had the highest trust scores, followed by Blacks and Whites. Low trust is likely not a barrier to timely diagnosis of HIV infection.
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Grimes CZ, Hwang LY, Wei P, Shah DP, Volcik KA, Brown EL. Differentially regulated gene expression associated with hepatitis C virus clearance. J Gen Virol 2012; 94:534-542. [PMID: 23152368 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.047738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections pose a significant public health threat, necessitating the development of novel treatments and vaccines. HCV infections range from spontaneous resolution to end-stage liver disease. Approximately 10-30% of HCV infections undergo spontaneous resolution independent of treatment by yet-to-be-defined mechanisms. These individuals test positive for anti-HCV antibodies in the absence of detectable viral serum RNA. To identify genes associated with HCV clearance, this study compared gene expression profiles between current drug users chronically infected with HCV and drug users who cleared their HCV infection. This analysis identified 91 differentially regulated (up- or downregulated by twofold or more) genes potentially associated with HCV clearance. The majority of genes identified were associated with immune function, with the remaining genes categorized either as cancer related or 'other'. Identification of factors and pathways that may influence virus clearance will be essential to the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Z Grimes
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics And Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics And Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peng Wei
- Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dimpy P Shah
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics And Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kelly A Volcik
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics And Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric L Brown
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics And Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Shah DP, Grimes CZ, Brown E, Hwang LY. Demographics, socio-behavioral factors, and drug use patterns: what matters in spontaneous HCV clearance? J Med Virol 2012; 84:235-41. [PMID: 22170543 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), an emerging bloodborne pathogen, causes chronic liver disease frequently except in about 10-20% of infections which undergo spontaneous resolution. Investigating factors that influence viral clearance is essential to understand the natural history of this infection and establishing novel strategies for prevention and treatment. HCV clearance was estimated in a unique cohort of 1,260 HIV and HBV negative current drug users enrolled for a hepatitis B vaccination study. It was defined as the inability to detect viral RNA using a PCR method in presence of serum anti-HCV antibody EIA. Associated demographic and socio-behavioral factors including drug use patterns were identified from the enrolled subjects using multivariate regression analysis. 33.3% (420/1260) of drug users were found positive for anti-HCV antibodies and 14.8% (62/420) of these individuals achieved viral clearance (negative PCR test). Race or ethnicity of the participants was the only significant factor associated with HCV clearance. Hispanics (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.3-8.5, P = 0.01) and Caucasians (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.5-6.6, P = 0.003) had significantly higher odds of clearing the virus compared to African Americans when adjusted for age and gender. None of the socio-behavioral factors including alcohol intake and drug use patterns were significant determinants of HCV clearance. Racial or ethnic differences in HCV clearance were observed in this study suggesting an important role of host genetic susceptibility factors in determining the clinical course of this disease. Further research is needed to examine these genetic associations of host-virus relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimpy P Shah
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Hwang LY, Grimes CZ, Beasley RP, Graviss EA. Latent tuberculosis infections in hard-to-reach drug using population-detection, prevention and control. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2011; 89 Suppl 1:S41-5. [PMID: 20006303 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-9792(09)70010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) need be evaluated for effectiveness as screening tests for tuberculosis (TB) infection in drug users. These tests have demonstrated improved sensitivity and specificity, but have not been studied in drug users. These one step blood tests are intended to replace the tuberculin skin test (TST), which is difficult to use and requires 48 hour follow-up, so they are expected to be particularly suitable for risk groups, like drug users, in whom follow-up is problematic. Drug users have traditionally been identified as being at increased risk for acquiring TB disease. The results of our pilot study using the TST and simpler and more sensitive interferon-gamma release assays showed that about 45% of current drug users in Houston tested have at least one test positive for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). These preliminary data suggest that there is an important reservoir of LTBI in drug using populations, and the risk of progression to active TB disease with other infections is great. However, LTBI in drug using populations has not been studied in depth and deserves further investigation. We need to evaluate the validity of IGRAs for detection of latent TB infection, the factors associated with LTBI, the incidence and risk for developing active TB disease in drug users and the effectiveness of early treatment of LTBI. We believe that using better tuberculosis screening tools will allow us to more accurately measure the prevalence of latent TB infection and incidence of active TB disease in drug using populations and develop more effective TB prevention and treatment interventions in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yu Hwang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Graham JL, Giordano TP, Grimes RM, Slomka J, Ross M, Hwang LY. Influence of trust on HIV diagnosis and care practices: a literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 9:346-52. [PMID: 21075915 DOI: 10.1177/1545109710380461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Delays in accessing HIV health care and failure to adhere to providers' advice are common. Patient trust is critical to an individual's willingness to seek care and follow the physician's advice. Conversely, patient distrust can diminish the patient's health status. The trust literature is reviewed in an attempt to determine its effect on HIV care. In the HIV literature reviewed, greater trust in health care providers was associated with improved accessing of and remaining in care. Interventions to enhance patient trust have been tested, with no changes in the levels of trust being found. Few studies were rigorous enough to assess causality or temporal relation. It is not clear whether there is a causal association between patient trust and HIV health care outcomes. As these relationships are better understood, interventions can be designed to increase health-promoting behaviors.
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Hwang LY, Grimes CZ, Tran TQ, Clark A, Xia R, Lai D, Troisi C, Williams M. Accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedule among drug users: a randomized controlled trial. J Infect Dis 2010; 202:1500-9. [PMID: 20936979 DOI: 10.1086/656776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B vaccine provides a model for improving uptake and completion of multidose vaccinations in the drug-using community. METHODS The Drugs, AIDS, STDs, and Hepatitis (DASH) project conducted a randomized controlled trial among not-in-treatment current drug users in 2 urban neighborhoods. Neighborhoods were cluster-randomized to receive a standard behavioral intervention (which provided information on human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]) or an enhanced behavioral intervention (designed to increase acceptance of or adherence to the hepatitis B vaccination protocol). Participants within clusters were randomized to a standard vaccination schedule (vaccines at 0, 1, and 6 months) or an accelerated vaccination schedule (vaccines at 0, 1, and 2 months). The outcomes were completion of the 3-dose vaccine and seroprotection against hepatitis B virus (HBV). RESULTS Of participants with negative screening results for HIV and HBV, 77% accepted hepatitis B vaccination, and 75% of vaccinees received all 3 doses. Injection drug users (IDUs) on the accelerated schedule were significantly more likely to receive 3 doses (76%) than those on the standard schedule (66%; P = .04), although for drug users as a whole the corresponding adherence rates were 77% and 73%, respectively. No difference in adherence was observed between the behavioral intervention groups. Predictors of adherence were older age, African American race, stable housing, and alcohol use. Cumulative HBV seroprotection (≥10 mIU/mL) was gained within 12 months by 65% of those completing the schedule. Seroprotection at 6 months was greater for those on the accelerated schedule. CONCLUSION The accelerated vaccination schedule improves hepatitis B vaccination adherence among IDUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yu Hwang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Grimes CZ, Teeter LD, Hwang LY, Graviss EA. Epidemiologic characterization of culture positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis patients by katG-gyrA principal genetic grouping. J Mol Diagn 2009; 11:472-81. [PMID: 19644021 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular typing techniques make it possible to genetically characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Public health strategies to control the spread of tuberculosis are enhanced by the use of molecular data to study tuberculosis transmission dynamics within populations. This study compared epidemiological and clinical characteristics of three M. tuberculosis groups based on polymorphisms at katG codon 463 and gyrA codon 95 in 1893 culture-positive patients by a retrospective nested case-comparison design. Study participants, diagnosed from 1995 to 2001 in the Houston, Texas metropolitan area, were >/= 18 years old, 70% male, 66% U.S.-born, 40% Black, 29% Hispanic, 19% White, and 12% Asian/Pacific Islander. The prevalence of each principal genetic group (GG) was 30% (GG1), 52% (GG2), and 18% (GG3). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that GG1 participants were more likely to be Asian, male, and have a history of homelessness, as compared with participants with either GG2 or GG3 isolates. GG2 participants were more likely to be Hispanic, have streptomycin-resistant isolates, and be infected with HIV than either GG1 or GG3 participants. GG3 participants were more likely to be Black or Hispanic, report illicit drug use, and live in a congregative facility at the time of diagnosis, than GG1 or GG2 participants. Ethnicity and sociodemographic findings were significant, prompting additional research into social networks, genetic susceptibility, immunology, and virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Z Grimes
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6565 Fannin, MGJ3-012, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Wang J, Waller DK, Hwang LY, Taylor LG, Canfield MA. Prevalence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in Texas, 1999-2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 82:763-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hwang LY, Kramer JR, Troisi C, Bull L, Grimes CZ, Lyerla R, Alter MJ. Relationship of cosmetic procedures and drug use to hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infections in a low-risk population. Hepatology 2006; 44:341-51. [PMID: 16871571 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional seroprevalence study of a population with a low frequency of injection drug use to determine whether persons with a history of cosmetic procedures, such as tattooing and body piercing, or intranasal drug use were at increased risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Students 18 years and older from eight college campuses in Houston, Texas, were invited to participate in the study. Of the 7,960 who completed a self-administered questionnaire and provided a blood sample, 5,282 U.S.- or Canadian-born participants were analyzed. Their median age was 21, 62% were female, 42% were white, 26% black, 22% Hispanic, and 10% Asian or other. Two percent reported injection drug use, 13.7% intranasal drug use, 21.2% body piercings, and 25.2% tattoos. The overall prevalence of HCV infection was 0.9% and of HBV infection was 5.2%. Higher HCV prevalence was independently associated with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] per year = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-1.14), history of injection drug use (OR = 18.24; 95% CI = 7.74-42.92), blood transfusion before 1991 (OR = 3.21; 95% CI = 1.02-10.12), and incarceration (OR = 3.48; 95% CI = 1.45-8.37). Among 5,066 students who denied injecting drugs, HCV prevalence was 0.8% in those who reported intranasal drug use and 0.6% each in those who reported tattoos and those who reported body piercing. Increased HBV prevalence was associated with high-risk sexual behaviors and black or Asian race. In conclusion, there was no increased risk for HCV or HBV infection in low-risk adults based solely on history of cosmetic procedures or snorting drugs. However, proper infection control practices for cosmetic procedures should be followed, illegal drug use discouraged, and hepatitis B vaccination provided to adolescents and sexually active adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yu Hwang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Zhuang GH, Yan H, Wang XL, Hwang LY, Wu Q, Wang LR, Gao HY. Hepatitis B revaccination in healthy non-responder Chinese children: Five-year follow-up of immune response and immunologic memory. Vaccine 2006; 24:2186-92. [PMID: 16310902 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To assess persistence of anti-HBs and immunologic memory of non-responders after revaccination, 40 healthy non-responder children were given a three-dose recombinant hepatitis B vaccine revaccination randomly by intramuscular (10 microg per dose) or intradermal (2 microg per dose) route and followed up to five years. All 17 intramuscular and 22 of 23 intradermal children developed a seroprotective antibody response (anti-HBs>or=10 mIU/mL) after revaccination. Children of intramuscular group had significantly higher seroprotection rates and anti-HBs geometric mean titers than the intradermal group. At year 5, 50% of children in intramuscular group, but only 18.2% of intradermal group still maintained seroprotection (P=0.075). By the end of follow-up, a booster dose (5 microg) was given to those who had lost seroprotection. All the eight intramuscular children developed an anamnestic response with increase of anti-HBs level by 215 times, but two of the 18 intradermal children failed to produce seroprotective level. Three-routine-dose intramuscular revaccination was significantly more effective than low-dose intradermal revaccination with the same number of injections. No child seroconverted to HBsAg, and 11 had transient infections indicated by seroconversion to anti-HBc. These results demonstrated that non-responders could benefit from three doses intramuscular revaccination not only in high proportion of anti-HBs conversion but also in long-term persistence of seroprotection, and more importantly in preservation of the immunologic memory years after loss of protective anti-HBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hua Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Mast EE, Hwang LY, Seto DSY, Nolte FS, Nainan OV, Wurtzel H, Alter MJ. Risk factors for perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the natural history of HCV infection acquired in infancy. J Infect Dis 2005; 192:1880-9. [PMID: 16267758 DOI: 10.1086/497701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of the present study was to assess risk factors for perinatal hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission and the natural history of infection among HCV-infected infants. METHODS In a cohort study, 244 infants born to HCV-positive mothers were followed from birth until age > or =12 months. Maternal serum was collected at enrollment and delivery; infant serum was collected at birth and at 8 well-child visits. Testing included detection of antibody to HCV, detection of HCV RNA (qualitative and quantitative), and genotyping. HCV-infected infants were followed annually until age 5 years. RESULTS Overall, 9 of 190 (4.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3%-9.1%]) infants born to mothers who were HCV RNA positive at delivery became infected, compared with 0 of 54 infants born to HCV RNA-negative mothers (P=.10). Among HCV RNA-positive mothers, the rate of transmission was 3.8% (95% CI, 1.7%-8.1%) from the 182 who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative, compared with 25.0% (95% CI, 4.5%-64.4%) from the 8 who were HIV positive (P<.05). Three infected infants resolved their infection (i.e., became HCV RNA negative). In multivariate analysis restricted to HCV RNA-positive mothers, membrane rupture > or =6 h (odds ratio [OR], 9.3 [95% CI, 1.5-179.7]) and internal fetal monitoring (OR, 6.7 [95% CI, 1.1-35.9]) were associated with transmission of HCV to infants. CONCLUSION If duration of membrane rupture and internal fetal monitoring are confirmed to be associated with transmission, interventions may be possible to decrease the risk of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Mast
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Zhao H, Grossman HB, Delclos GL, Hwang LY, Troisi CL, Chamberlain RM, Chenoweth MA, Zhang H, Spitz MR, Wu X. Increased plasma levels of angiogenin and the risk of bladder carcinoma: from initiation ot recurrence. Cancer 2005; 104:30-5. [PMID: 15912517 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is a well known prerequisite for tumor growth and metastasis. It is believed that angiogenin initiates cell migration and aids cell proliferation. Based on this, the authors hypothesized that individuals who had increased plasma levels of angiogenin were at an elevated risk for carcinoma of the urinary bladder. METHODS In this ongoing case-control study, the authors used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to compare plasma levels of angiogenin in 209 patients with bladder carcinoma and in 208 healthy control participants who were matched according to age (+/- 5 years), gender, and ethnicity. RESULTS The mean plasma angiogenin concentration was significantly higher in patients compared with controls (343.2 ng/mL vs. 308.0 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.01). High plasma angiogenin levels were associated with a two-fold increased risk for bladder carcinoma. Moreover, in patients who had superficial bladder carcinoma, plasma angiogenin levels were significantly higher among those who had recurrent disease than in those who were without recurrence (P < 0.01). Similarly, patients who had superficial bladder carcinoma with higher angiogenin levels had a shorter recurrence-free survival than patients who had lower angiogenin levels (P < 0.01). Finally, elevated angiogenin levels were associated with an increased recurrence risk, with hazard ratio of 2.85. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrated that the plasma levels of angiogenin were significantly higher in patients who had bladder carcinoma compared with healthy control participants and in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma who had recurrent disease compared with patients who were without recurrence. Therefore, an elevated plasma level of angiogenin may serve as a novel predictor for the risk of bladder carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Kramer JR, Giordano TP, Souchek J, Richardson P, Hwang LY, El-Serag HB. The effect of HIV coinfection on the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in U.S. veterans with hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100:56-63. [PMID: 15654781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine whether HIV coinfection increases the risk of cirrhosis in HCV-infected patients in the HAART and pre-HAART eras. Further, the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma was also examined. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted among HCV-infected veterans who were seen at one of the 172 Veterans Health Administration hospitals between October 1, 1991 and September 30, 2000. Patients with prerecorded advanced liver disease were excluded. Incidence rates, cumulative incidence, and Cox proportional hazard ratios were calculated. RESULTS There were 26,641 patients with HCV-only and 4,761 patients with HCV-HIV coinfection. The unadjusted incidence rate of cirrhosis was lower in patients with coinfection than HCV-only (p < 0.01). After controlling for demographics and confounders (including alcoholism and chronic hepatitis B), coinfection was not significantly associated with cirrhosis. However, there was an increased risk of cirrhosis in patients with coinfection compared to HCV-only during the pre-HAART era (before October 1, 1996) (hazard ratio = 1.48, 1.06-2.07, p= 0.02), but not among patients who entered the cohort during the HAART era. The unadjusted incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with coinfection and HCV-only was 1.3 and 2/1,000 person-years, respectively (p= 0.04). In the multivariate model, coinfection was not associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (hazard ratio = 0.84, p= 0.40). CONCLUSIONS Coinfection was a significant risk factor for cirrhosis only during the pre-HAART era and was not associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, irrespective of time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Kramer
- Houston Center for Quality of Care and Utilization Studies, Health Services Research and Development Service, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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O'Donnell FT, Munoz FM, Atmar RL, Hwang LY, Demmler GJ, Glezen WP. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of co-circulating influenza A/H3N2 virus variants in children: Houston, Texas, 1997-8. Epidemiol Infect 2003; 130:521-31. [PMID: 12825738 PMCID: PMC2869990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-circulating variants of influenza A/H3N2 viruses in children were studied in Houston, Texas between October 1997 and March 1998 to assess the effects of a new variant strain on the severity of clinical illness. Influenza A virus was isolated from the nasal wash or nasal aspirate specimens collected from children at two tertiary care hospitals, and 271 isolates were available for variant-specific subtyping using RT-PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. We classified 124 (46%) influenza viruses as A/H3N2/Wuhan/359/95-like and 137 (50%) as A/H3N2/Sydney/05/97-like. Ten (4%) virus isolates could not be classified. Ill contacts in the household were reported more frequently in patients infected with A/Sydney-like viruses than in those infected with A/Wuhan-like viruses (85% vs. 71%, respectively, P=0.02). There were no differences in other demographic variables among children infected with these strains. This study found no increase in illness severity in children infected with a newly emerging strain.
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MESH Headings
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology
- Comorbidity
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype
- Influenza A virus/classification
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Multivariate Analysis
- Odds Ratio
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Prevalence
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Risk Factors
- Texas/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- F T O'Donnell
- The University of Texas-Houston School of Public Health, 1200 Hermann Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Finelli L, Farley TP, Gibson JJ, Langley C, Hwang LY, Levine WC. Prevalence monitoring in syphilis surveillance: results from a multicenter research program. Sex Transm Dis 2002; 29:769-74. [PMID: 12466718 DOI: 10.1097/00007435-200212000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syphilis seroprevalence data can be used as an independent measure of syphilis trends and to augment syphilis case report data for program planning. The prevalence of reactive syphilis serology in jails, delivery rooms, and drug treatment centers was examined from 1995 to 1999. Prevalence was evaluated by age and gender at each site and compared with county primary and secondary syphilis case rates. Annual prevalence of high titer-reactive serology in jails was compared with primary and secondary syphilis case rates. GOAL The goal was to examine trends in syphilis seroprevalence and to evaluate the relationship of trends in seroprevalence to reported cases. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional survey. RESULTS Prevalence of reactive serology and high titer-reactive serology was lowest among women in delivery rooms (2.9% and 0.4%, respectively) and highest among women in jails (11.1% and 4.1%, respectively), indicating substantial recently treated or active infection among women in jails. Trends in high titer-reactive serology were similar to primary and secondary syphilis case rates. CONCLUSION The prevalence of high titer-reactive serology can provide valuable information about community syphilis morbidity for use in prevention and control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn Finelli
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Infectious Diseases, MS G-37, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Hassan MM, Hwang LY, Hatten CJ, Swaim M, Li D, Abbruzzese JL, Beasley P, Patt YZ. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: synergism of alcohol with viral hepatitis and diabetes mellitus. Hepatology 2002; 36:1206-13. [PMID: 12395331 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2002.36780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are well documented, but the synergisms between these risk factors are not well examined. We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study among 115 HCC patients and 230 non-liver cancer controls. Cases and controls were pathologically diagnosed at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center and were matched by 5-year age groups, sex, and year of diagnosis. Information on risk factors was collected by personal interview and medical records review. Blood samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus antigen (anti-HCV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Conditional logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios (ORs) by the maximum likelihood method. Multivariate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 15.3 (4.3-54.4), 12.6 (2.5-63.1), 4.5 (1.4-14.8), and 4.3 (1.9-9.9) for anti-HCV, HBsAg, heavy alcohol consumption (>/=80 mL ethanol/d), and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Synergistic interactions on the additive model were observed between heavy alcohol consumption and chronic hepatitis virus infection (OR, 53.9; 95% CI, 7.0-415.7) and diabetes mellitus (OR, 9.9; 95% CI, 2.5-39.3). Independent of the effect of HCV, HBV, and diabetes mellitus, heavy alcohol consumption contributes to the majority of HCC cases (32%), whereas 22%, 16%, and 20% were explained by HCV, HBV, and diabetes mellitus, respectively. In conclusion, the significant synergy between heavy alcohol consumption, hepatitis virus infection, and diabetes mellitus may suggest a common pathway for hepatocarcinogenesis. Exploring the underlying mechanisms for such synergisms may indicate new HCC prevention strategies in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Hassan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
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Ross MW, Hwang LY, Zack C, Bull L, Williams ML. Sexual risk behaviours and STIs in drug abuse treatment populations whose drug of choice is crack cocaine. Int J STD AIDS 2002; 13:769-74. [PMID: 12437898 DOI: 10.1258/095646202320753736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated sexually transmissable infection (STI) prevalence in 407 drug users in three drug treatment programmes in two Texan cities and associated demographic and sexual behaviours. Data analysis focused on differences between those for whom crack cocaine was the drug of preference compared with other drugs, since crack is associated with sexual arousal and a sex for drugs economy. Data indicate that having crack as a drug of preference is significantly associated with increased levels of previous STIs, previous drug treatment, African-American race, selling or buying sex for drugs or money, and increased infection markers for syphilis, chlamydia and herpes simplex-2. Crack preference was also significantly associated with lower rates of injecting drugs or sharing injection equipment and hepatitis C infection markers. Crack preference in heterosexual respondents was significantly associated with increased partner numbers in the past four weeks, more female partners for men and more vaginal sex contacts for men. Analysis of sex differences comparing those for whom crack was the preferred versus nonpreferred drug indicated that female crack users were significantly more likely to engage in oral sex. This supports previous ethnographic data suggesting that oral sex is a common mode of sex for drugs exchange in crack houses. In 7.4% of the total sample (14.4% of the crack-preferring sample), treatable STIs were detected. These data suggest that drug users generally, and crack-using populations in particular, in drug treatment programmes should be routinely screened for STIs as an integral part of drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Ross
- WHO Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, University of Texas, PO Box 20186, Houston TX 77225, USA.
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Abstract
The central event in the cellular immune response to invading pathogens is the presentation of non-self antigenic peptides by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). As peptide binding and transport proteins, MHC class I molecules have evolved distinct biochemical and cellular strategies for acquiring antigenic peptides, providing CTLs an extracellular representation of the intracellular antigen content. Whereas efficient generation of MHC class I binding peptides depends on the intracellular, immunoproteasome-mediated proteolysis machinery, translocation of peptides into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum requires the endoplasmic reticulum-resident, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Here we show, for the first time, that immunoproteasomes, TAP complexes, and MHC class I molecules are physically associated, providing an effective means of transporting MHC class I binding peptides from their sites of generation into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum for loading onto MHC class I molecules. In this review, we assess the current understanding of the functional regulation of immunoproteasomes and transporter associated with antigen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Hwang
- The R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of acceptance of street-intercept syphilis screening and to identify barriers to screening among residents of 2 Houston communities with high rates of syphilis. Each of 691 people who participated in a street-intercept survey about syphilis was offered a free syphilis test immediately after completion of the survey. Acceptors of screening had blood drawn at the site of the interview, and blood samples were tested by rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and a confirmatory microhaemagglutination-Treponema pallidum (MHA-TP) for those with a positive antibody reaction on the RPR. On-street syphilis screening was accepted by 26% of the sample. The most common reason for refusal was not wanting to have blood drawn (19.5%). Among those screened for syphilis (n=148), seroprevalence was 19%, with 33% of women testing positive and 10% of men. The results of this study point to a need for increased case-finding, standard screening recommendations, and interventions targeting specific barriers to syphilis screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Baseman
- School of Public Health, University of Texas-Houston, PO Box 20186, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
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Hassan MM, Zaghloul AS, El-Serag HB, Soliman O, Patt YZ, Chappell CL, Beasley RP, Hwang LY. The role of hepatitis C in hepatocellular carcinoma: a case control study among Egyptian patients. J Clin Gastroenterol 2001; 33:123-6. [PMID: 11468438 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-200108000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egypt has one of the highest prevalence rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the world; however, the risk and attribution related to HCV in Egyptian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. GOALS The current study was undertaken to estimate the risk of HCC in relation to HCV in Egypt. STUDY Thirty-three patients with HCC and 35 healthy controls who had a similar socioeconomic status were prospectively enrolled at the University of Cairo National Cancer Institute. RESULTS Anti-HCV antibodies were present in 75.8% of the patients and in 42.9% of the controls (p = 0.01); hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was present in 15.2% of the patients and in 2.9% of the controls (p = 0.03). In addition, the sex-and age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for anti-HCV antibodies was 5.1 (95% CI = 1.5-17.4) and for HBsAg was 13.2 (95% CI = 1.2-148.2). Concurrent Schistosoma mansoni and anti-HCV was associated with an OR of 10.3 (95% CI = 1.3-79.8), which was higher than that for anti-HCV (6.5; 95% CI = 1.6-26.6) and S. mansoni infection (0.2; 95% CI = 0.1-6.2) alone. Finally, we estimated the attributable fraction of HCC to HCV to be 64% in this study population and 48% in the general Egyptian population. CONCLUSIONS Both HCV and hepatitis B virus infection increase the risk of HCC in Egyptian patients, whereas isolated Schistosoma infection does not. Because of the very high prevalence rate of HCV in the general Egyptian population, it accounts for most HCC cases in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hassan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Digestive Diseases, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Krishnan RS, Hwang LY, Tschen JA, Subrt P, Hsu S. Erythema elevatum diutinum mimicking extensive keloids; quiz 386. Cutis 2001; 67:381-5. [PMID: 11381853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
GOAL To describe a case of erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) that clinically mimicked extensive keloids. OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this activity, dermatologists and general practitioners should be able to: 1. Describe the clinical presentation and lesion appearance in EED. 2. Discuss the electron microscopic and laboratory findings of EED. 3. Outline treatment options for EED. CME: This article has been peer reviewed and approved by Michael Fisher, MD, Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. REVIEW DATE April 2001. This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essentials and Standards of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Quadrant HealthCom, Inc. The Albert Einstein College of Medicine is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Albert Einstein College of Medicine designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1.0 hour in category 1 credit toward the AMA Physician's Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only those hours of credit that he/she actually spent in the educational activity. This activity has been planned and produced in accordance with ACCME Essentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Krishnan
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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