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Bilgmann K, Armansin N, Ferchaud A, Normandeau E, Bernatchez L, Harcourt R, Ahonen H, Lowther A, Goldsworthy S, Stow A. Low effective population size in the genetically bottlenecked Australian sea lion is insufficient to maintain genetic variation. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Bilgmann
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia
| | - N. Armansin
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia
| | - A.L. Ferchaud
- Département de Biologie Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - E. Normandeau
- Département de Biologie Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - L. Bernatchez
- Département de Biologie Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - R. Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia
| | - H. Ahonen
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia
- Norwegian Polar Institute Tromsø Norway
| | | | - S.D. Goldsworthy
- South Australian Research and Development Institute Adelaide South Australia
| | - A. Stow
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia
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2
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Salton M, Carr M, Tarjan LM, Clarke J, Kirkwood R, Slip D, Harcourt R. Protected area use by two sympatric marine predators repopulating their historical range. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As large carnivores recover from over-exploitation, managers often lack evidence-based information on species habitat requirements and the efficacy of management practices, particularly where species repopulate areas from which they have long been extirpated. We investigated the movement and habitat use by 2 semi-aquatic carnivores (Australian fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus and New Zealand fur seals A. forsteri) at the northern end of their distributions in Australia, where after a long absence both are recolonising their historic range. We also assessed male fur seal habitat use overlap with terrestrial and marine protected areas (PAs). While at the margin of the range during winter and early spring, the males remained inshore close to terrestrial sites and where interactions with humans often occur. From early spring, the males from the range margin showed uniform movement toward colonies in the core of the species’ range prior to their breeding seasons. This contrasts with males tracked from the core of the species’ range that returned periodically to colonies during the year, and highlights the importance of range-wide monitoring of a species to inform conservation planning. Habitat use by some males included over 90% of a marine PA at the margin of the species’ range. Most terrestrial haul-outs used were within terrestrial PAs, while sites not protected were on the margin of the range. Despite wide-ranging habits, their dependence on coastal sites, where human access and activities can be regulated and more readily enforced, suggests that terrestrial and marine PAs will continue to play an important role in managing the recovery of these fur seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - M Carr
- Department of Primary Industries, Jervis Bay Marine Park, New South Wales 2540, Australia
- Biodiversity Conservation Trust, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - LM Tarjan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
- San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, 524 Valley Way, Milpitas, California 95035, USA
| | - J Clarke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - R Kirkwood
- Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Cowes, Victoria 3922, Australia
- SARDI Aquatic Sciences, West Beach, South Australia 5024, Australia
| | - D Slip
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - R Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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3
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Sequeira AMM, Heupel MR, Lea MA, Eguíluz VM, Duarte CM, Meekan MG, Thums M, Calich HJ, Carmichael RH, Costa DP, Ferreira LC, Fernandéz-Gracia J, Harcourt R, Harrison AL, Jonsen I, McMahon CR, Sims DW, Wilson RP, Hays GC. The importance of sample size in marine megafauna tagging studies. Ecol Appl 2019; 29:e01947. [PMID: 31183944 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Telemetry is a key, widely used tool to understand marine megafauna distribution, habitat use, behavior, and physiology; however, a critical question remains: "How many animals should be tracked to acquire meaningful data sets?" This question has wide-ranging implications including considerations of statistical power, animal ethics, logistics, and cost. While power analyses can inform sample sizes needed for statistical significance, they require some initial data inputs that are often unavailable. To inform the planning of telemetry and biologging studies of marine megafauna where few or no data are available or where resources are limited, we reviewed the types of information that have been obtained in previously published studies using different sample sizes. We considered sample sizes from one to >100 individuals and synthesized empirical findings, detailing the information that can be gathered with increasing sample sizes. We complement this review with simulations, using real data, to show the impact of sample size when trying to address various research questions in movement ecology of marine megafauna. We also highlight the value of collaborative, synthetic studies to enhance sample sizes and broaden the range, scale, and scope of questions that can be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M Sequeira
- IOMRC and The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - M R Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - M-A Lea
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - V M Eguíluz
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC - UIB), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - M G Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (M096), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009 Australia
| | - M Thums
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (M096), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009 Australia
| | - H J Calich
- IOMRC and The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Oceans Graduate School, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - R H Carmichael
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab and, University of South Alabama, 101 Bienville Boulevard, Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528, USA
| | - D P Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95060, USA
| | - L C Ferreira
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (M096), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009 Australia
| | - J Fernandéz-Gracia
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC - UIB), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - R Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - A-L Harrison
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, PO Box 37012 MRC 5503 MBC, Washington, D.C., 20013, USA
| | - I Jonsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - C R McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, 2088, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D W Sims
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, United Kingdom
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Waterfront Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - R P Wilson
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - G C Hays
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Jonsen ID, McMahon CR, Patterson TA, Auger‐Méthé M, Harcourt R, Hindell MA, Bestley S. Movement responses to environment: fast inference of variation among southern elephant seals with a mixed effects model. Ecology 2018; 100:e02566. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. D. Jonsen
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde, Sydney New South Wales 2109 Australia
| | - C. R. McMahon
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Mosman New South Wales 2088 Australia
| | - T. A. Patterson
- CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Hobart Tasmania 7004 Australia
| | - M. Auger‐Méthé
- Department of Statistics and Institute for the Oceans & Fisheries University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - R. Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde, Sydney New South Wales 2109 Australia
| | - M. A. Hindell
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7004 Australia
| | - S. Bestley
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7004 Australia
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Momigliano P, Harcourt R, Robbins WD, Jaiteh V, Mahardika GN, Sembiring A, Stow A. Genetic structure and signatures of selection in grey reef sharks (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos). Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 119:142-153. [PMID: 28422134 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With overfishing reducing the abundance of marine predators in multiple marine ecosystems, knowledge of genetic structure and local adaptation may provide valuable information to assist sustainable management. Despite recent technological advances, most studies on sharks have used small sets of neutral markers to describe their genetic structure. We used 5517 nuclear single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene to characterize patterns of genetic structure and detect signatures of selection in grey reef sharks (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos). Using samples from Australia, Indonesia and oceanic reefs in the Indian Ocean, we established that large oceanic distances represent barriers to gene flow, whereas genetic differentiation on continental shelves follows an isolation by distance model. In Australia and Indonesia differentiation at nuclear SNPs was weak, with coral reefs acting as stepping stones maintaining connectivity across large distances. Differentiation of mtDNA was stronger, and more pronounced in females, suggesting sex-biased dispersal. Four independent tests identified a set of loci putatively under selection, indicating that grey reef sharks in eastern Australia are likely under different selective pressures to those in western Australia and Indonesia. Genetic distances averaged across all loci were uncorrelated with genetic distances calculated from outlier loci, supporting the conclusion that different processes underpin genetic divergence in these two data sets. This pattern of heterogeneous genomic differentiation, suggestive of local adaptation, has implications for the conservation of grey reef sharks; furthermore, it highlights that marine species showing little genetic differentiation at neutral loci may exhibit patterns of cryptic genetic structure driven by local selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Momigliano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.,Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - W D Robbins
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Wildlife Marine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - V Jaiteh
- Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - G N Mahardika
- The Indonesian Biodiversity Research Centre, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - A Sembiring
- The Indonesian Biodiversity Research Centre, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - A Stow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Williams GD, Herraiz-Borreguero L, Roquet F, Tamura T, Ohshima KI, Fukamachi Y, Fraser AD, Gao L, Chen H, McMahon CR, Harcourt R, Hindell M. The suppression of Antarctic bottom water formation by melting ice shelves in Prydz Bay. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12577. [PMID: 27552365 PMCID: PMC4996980 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A fourth production region for the globally important Antarctic bottom water has been attributed to dense shelf water formation in the Cape Darnley Polynya, adjoining Prydz Bay in East Antarctica. Here we show new observations from CTD-instrumented elephant seals in 2011–2013 that provide the first complete assessment of dense shelf water formation in Prydz Bay. After a complex evolution involving opposing contributions from three polynyas (positive) and two ice shelves (negative), dense shelf water (salinity 34.65–34.7) is exported through Prydz Channel. This provides a distinct, relatively fresh contribution to Cape Darnley bottom water. Elsewhere, dense water formation is hindered by the freshwater input from the Amery and West Ice Shelves into the Prydz Bay Gyre. This study highlights the susceptibility of Antarctic bottom water to increased freshwater input from the enhanced melting of ice shelves, and ultimately the potential collapse of Antarctic bottom water formation in a warming climate. Antarctic bottom water (AABW) production is critical to the global ocean overturning circulation. Here, the authors show new observations of AABW formation from seal CTD data in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica that highlights its susceptibility to increased freshwater input from the melting of ice shelves.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Williams
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,Antarctic Climate &Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - L Herraiz-Borreguero
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Julianne Marie vej 30, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - F Roquet
- Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - T Tamura
- Antarctic Climate &Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart 7001, Australia.,National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan.,Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - K I Ohshima
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University Kita-19, Nishi-8, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Y Fukamachi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University Kita-19, Nishi-8, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - A D Fraser
- Antarctic Climate &Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart 7001, Australia.,Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University Kita-19, Nishi-8, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - L Gao
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, No. 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - H Chen
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, No. 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - C R McMahon
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - R Harcourt
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - M Hindell
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,Antarctic Climate &Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart 7001, Australia
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7
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Pirotta V, Slip D, Jonsen ID, Peddemors VM, Cato DH, Ross G, Harcourt R. Migrating humpback whales show no detectable response to whale alarms off Sydney, Australia. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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8
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Harcourt R, Pirotta V, Heller G, Peddemors V, Slip D. A whale alarm fails to deter migrating humpback whales: an empirical test. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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9
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Carroll G, Hedley S, Bannister J, Ensor P, Harcourt R. No evidence for recovery in the population of sperm whale bulls off Western Australia, 30 years post-whaling. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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10
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Gulesserian M, Slip D, Heller G, Harcourt R. Modelling the behaviour state of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in response to vessel presence off Sydney, Australia. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2011. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Coleoid cephalopods, including octopuses, cuttlefish and squid, rely mainly on visual signals when interacting with conspecifics, predators and prey. Presenting visual stimuli, such as models, photographs, mirrors and live conspecifics, can thus provide insight into cephalopod behaviour. These methods, however, have limitations - mirrors and live animals lack experimental control, whereas models and photographs sacrifice motion-based information. Video playback addresses these issues by presenting controlled, moving and realistic stimuli but, to date, video playback has not been used successfully with any cephalopod. Here, we developed a video playback technique for the gloomy octopus (Octopus tetricus) that incorporated recent advances in video technology. We then used this technique to test for personality, which we defined as behavioural differences between individuals that are consistent over time and across ecologically important contexts. We captured wild octopuses and tested them on 3 separate days over a 10 day period. On each test day, subjects were presented with videos of a food item, a novel object and a conspecific. These represented a foraging, novel and threatening context, respectively. A fourth video without a moving stimulus controlled for the playback monitor itself and potential artifacts associated with video playback. Experimental stimuli evoked unambiguous and biologically appropriate responses from the subjects. Furthermore, individuals' responses to the three experimental contexts were highly correlated within a given test day. However, within a given context, individuals behaved inconsistently across the 3 test days. The reordering of ranks suggests that rather than fulfilling the criteria for personality, gloomy octopus show temporal discontinuities, and hence display episodic personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pronk
- Graduate School of the Environment, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Abstract
Sperm competition theory suggests that males should strategically allocate sperm to those females that will bring them the best possible genetic returns. Although males of a number of species of insects and fishes have been shown to allocate sperm strategically, we provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that an avian species is also capable of allocating ejaculates. Male Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) are more likely to transfer sperm during extra-pair copulations (EPCs) than during pair copulations. We investigated the question of how males allocate ejaculates within the constraints of limited sperm availability and found (i) that males that engaged in EPC attempts ejaculated less often when copulating with their social partner than males that made no EPC attempts, and (ii) that there was no difference between males that were involved in failed EPC attempts and those that were involved in successful EPCs in the proportion of copulations that resulted in sperm transfer. These results indicate that males achieve strategic allocation of sperm within the constraints of limited sperm availability by withholding ejaculates from their social partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Hunter
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK.
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Abstract
Two Eucalyptus homologues of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene AP1 (EAP1 and EAP2) show 60-65% homology to AP1. EAP1 and EAP2 are expressed predominantly in flower buds. EAP2 produces two different polypeptides arising from differential splicing at an intron, the shorter EAP2 protein diverging from the longer sequence after amino acid 197 and having a translation stop after residue 206. This truncated protein includes both MADS- and K-box amino acid sequences. Ectopic expression of the EAP1 or either of the two EAP2 polypeptides in Arabidopsis driven by the 35S promoter produces effects similar to the corresponding AP1 construct, causing plants to flower earlier, have shorter bolts and resemble the terminal flower mutant (tfl).
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/growth & development
- Arabidopsis Proteins
- Base Sequence
- Eucalyptus/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/physiology
- Genes, Homeobox/genetics
- Genes, Homeobox/physiology
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Genes, Plant/physiology
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- MADS Domain Proteins
- Meristem/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Phenotype
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Plants, Medicinal
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Plant/analysis
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kyozuka
- CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia
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Abstract
In order to test the hypothesis that patients who are predisposed to depression have an enduring cognitive style, dysfunctional attitudes (Dysfunctional Attitudes Schedule), neuroticism and extraversion (Maudsley Personality Inventory), and severity of depression (Levine-Pilowsky Depression Questionnaire) were measured in a survey of former patients with previous diagnoses of either depressive or nondepressive psychiatric conditions. We found that there were no significant differences in dysfunctional attitudes between these groups of patients and that their scores were similar to those reported for normal populations. There was, however, a correlation between introversion and high dysfunctional attitude scores. Possible implications regarding interactions between cognitive style, personality, and predisposition toward depression are discussed as well as a suggestion that a history of a suicide attempt may predict a poor response to cognitive psychotherapy.
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Abstract
DSM-III multiaxial diagnoses were given to 257 patients. Analysis of axis I diagnoses and axis IV and axis V assessments generally revealed the expected associations between particular psychiatric disorders and levels of psychosocial stress and social and occupational functioning. However, a major difficulty affecting the usefulness of axis IV and axis V data when they are routinely gathered according to the current DSM-III instructions is the stipulation that the clinician judge the etiological significance of a stressor before it is coded.
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Harcourt R. COMPARATIVE VALUES OF DIFFERENT GRADES OF WHEAT OF CROPS OF 1903 AND 1904. J Am Chem Soc 1906. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01967a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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