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Fang Z, Kong F, Zeng J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Duan J, Chen L, Wang J, Liu F. Integrated analysis based on vesicle trafficking-related genes identifying CNIH4 as a novel therapeutic target for glioma. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37062068 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vesicle trafficking is a highly important process in numerous human diseases, especially in the central nervous system dysfunctions. However, as a key component of vesicle trafficking-related genes (VRGs), Cornichon family AMPA receptor auxiliary protein 4 (CNIH4) has not been systematically elucidated in glioma so far. METHODS Differentially expressed VRGs were selected using molecular signatures database (MSigDB), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) mRNA expression profiles. Further exploration of CNIH4 was determined using LASSO-Cox regression algorithms. Then Kaplan-Meier (K-M) plotter, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized to assess the independent significance of CNIH4 in the CGGA validation cohort. Functional exploration was performed with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and then verified using a series of functional experiments in glioma cells. Finally, the consensus clustering algorithm was applied to identify clusters in glioma samples. After that, differences in prognosis, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and therapy response were evaluated between clusters. RESULTS CNIH4 was shown to be overexpressed in malignant glioma variants and was frequently observed in GCSs and TMZ-resistant cell lines. Higher CNIH4 levels were significantly related to poor outcomes and positively correlated with adverse clinicopathological characteristics. Survival analyses revealed CNIH4 as an independent risk factor that outperformed traditional measures. Enrichment analysis indicated that overactive CNIH4 significantly gathered in stem cell processes. Furthermore, functional assays of silencing CNIH4 expression suppressed stem cell-like properties in vitro and inhibited tumorigenicity in vivo. Finally, the CNIH4-enriched subgroup negatively modulated immunotherapeutic response and reflected lower chemotherapy sensitivity for glioma patients. CONCLUSION Our study identified CNIH4 as a potential VRG that regulates tumor stemness, microenvironment immunity, and chemotherapy sensitivity. It may serve as a novel prognostic factor and a promising target against glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangen Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajia Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jikai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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