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Lewis JM, Vyas AD, Qiu Y, Messer KS, White R, Heller MJ. Integrated Analysis of Exosomal Protein Biomarkers on Alternating Current Electrokinetic Chips Enables Rapid Detection of Pancreatic Cancer in Patient Blood. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3311-3320. [PMID: 29570265 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) typically has nonspecific symptoms and is often found too late to treat. Because diagnosis of PDAC involves complex, invasive, and expensive procedures, screening populations at increased risk will depend on developing rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective tests. Exosomes, which are nanoscale vesicles shed into blood from tumors, have come into focus as valuable entities for noninvasive liquid biopsy diagnostics. However, rapid capture and analysis of exosomes with their protein and other biomarkers have proven difficult. Here, we present a simple method integrating capture and analysis of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles directly from whole blood, plasma, or serum onto an AC electrokinetic microarray chip. In this process, no pretreatment or dilution of sample is required, nor is it necessary to use capture antibodies or other affinity techniques. Subsequent on-chip immunofluorescence analysis permits specific identification and quantification of target biomarkers within as little as 30 min total time. In this initial validation study, the biomarkers glypican-1 and CD63 were found to reflect the presence of PDAC and thus were used to develop a bivariate model for detecting PDAC. Twenty PDAC patient samples could be distinguished from 11 healthy subjects with 99% sensitivity and 82% specificity. In a smaller group of colon cancer patient samples, elevated glypican-1 was observed for metastatic but not for nonmetastatic disease. The speed and simplicity of ACE exosome capture and on-chip biomarker detection, combined with the ability to use whole blood, will enable seamless "sample-to-answer" liquid biopsy screening and improve early stage cancer diagnostics.
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Saravanan PB, Kanak MA, Chang CA, Darden C, Yoshimatsu G, Lawrence MC, Naziruddin B. Islet damage during isolation as assessed by miRNAs and the correlation of miRNA levels with posttransplantation outcome in islet autotransplantation. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:982-989. [PMID: 29210193 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-quality pancreatic islets are essential for better posttransplantation endocrine function in total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT), yet stress during the isolation process affects quality and yield. We analyzed islet-enriched microRNAs (miRNAs) -375 and -200c released during isolation to assess damage and correlated the data with posttransplantation endocrine function. The absolute concentration of miR-375, miR-200c, and C-peptide was measured in various islet isolation steps, including digestion, dilution, recombination, purification, and bagging, in 12 cases of TPIAT. Posttransplantation glycemic control was monitored through C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c , insulin requirement, and SUITO index. The amount of miR-375 released was significantly higher during enzymatic digestion followed by the islet bagging (P < .001). Mir-200c mirrored these changes, albeit at lower concentrations. In contrast, the C-peptide amount was significantly higher in the purification and bagging steps (P < .001). Lower amounts of miR-375 were associated with a lower 6-month insulin requirement (P = .01) and lower hemoglobin A1c (P = .04). Measurement of the absolute quantity of miRNA-375 and -200c released during islet isolation is a useful tool to assess islet damage. The quantity of released miRNA is indicative of posttransplantation endocrine function in TPIAT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mazhar A Kanak
- Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Charles A Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Carly Darden
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Gumpei Yoshimatsu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael C Lawrence
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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DNase I enzyme-aided fluorescence signal amplification based on graphene oxide-DNA aptamer interactions for colorectal cancer exosome detection. Talanta 2018; 184:219-226. [PMID: 29674035 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes have proved to be an effective cancer biomarker with significant potential, and several cell-specific molecules have been found in colorectal cancer (CRC) exosomes. Nevertheless, it is challenging to use exosomes in clinical lab diagnostics due to their nanoscale and the lack of a convenient and effective detection platform. Here, we developed a DNase I enzyme-aided fluorescence amplification method for CRC exosome detection, based on graphene oxide (GO)-DNA aptamer (CD63 and EpCAM aptamers) interactions. The fluorescence of fluorophore-labeled aptamers quenched by GO, recovered after incubation with samples containing CRC exosomes. The DNase I enzyme digested the single-stranded DNA aptamers on the exosome surface and the exosomes were able to interact with more fluorescent aptamer probes, resulting in an increase of signal amplification. The limit of detection for CRC exosomes is 2.1 × 104 particles/μl. Consequently, a rapid and effective method with high sensitivity was established. The method was verified in 19 clinical blood serum samples to distinguish healthy and CRC patients, showing significant diagnostic power. Moreover, it can be expanded to other kinds of cancer exosomes, in addition to CRC.
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Malla RR, Pandrangi S, Kumari S, Gavara MM, Badana AK. Exosomal tetraspanins as regulators of cancer progression and metastasis and novel diagnostic markers. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2018; 14:383-391. [PMID: 29575602 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-cell communicators emerging as a new paradigm for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis of treatment response. Exosomal tetraspanin proteins like CD63, CD9 and CD81 play a critical role in sorting, selective recruitment of biomolecules, target selection, cell-specific entry, capturing, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. These tetraspanins are being used as markers for oral, colorectal and colon cancers and glioblastoma. However, exosomal markers with robust specificity for early detection of carcinomas are the furthest along. EXO CARTA database shows the presence of CD151 in exosomes of colorectal, melanoma, ovarian and prostate cancers. CD151 preferentially targets exosomes to lung, lymph node and stroma cells. The present review discussed the possible role of tetraspanins in the formation, cargo selection, target selection and uptake of exosomes and suggests exciting new directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Malla
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Santhi Pandrangi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Seema Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Murali Mohan Gavara
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Anil Kumar Badana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
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55
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Bae S, Brumbaugh J, Bonavida B. Exosomes derived from cancerous and non-cancerous cells regulate the anti-tumor response in the tumor microenvironment. Genes Cancer 2018; 9:87-100. [PMID: 30108680 PMCID: PMC6086005 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a unique platform of cancer biology that considers the local cellular environment in which a tumor exists. Increasing evidence points to the TME as crucial for either promoting immune tumor rejection or protecting the tumor. The TME includes surrounding blood vessels, the extracellular matrix (ECM), a variety of immune and regulatory cells, and signaling factors. Exosomes have emerged to be molecular contributors in cancer biology, and to modulate and affect the constituents of the TME. Exosomes are small (40-150 nm) membrane vesicles that are derived from an endocytic nature and are later excreted by cells. Depending on the cells from which they originate, exosomes can play a role in tumor suppression or tumor progression. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) have their own unique phenotypic functions. Evidence points to TDEs as key players involved in tumor growth, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, dysregulation of immune cells and immune escape, metastasis, and resistance to therapies, as well as in promoting anti-tumor response. General exosomes, TDEs, and their influence on the TME are an area of promising research that may provide potential biomarkers for therapy, potentiation of anti-tumor response, development of exosome-based vaccines, and exosome-derived nanocarriers for drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Bae
- Department of Oral Biology, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Brumbaugh
- Department of Oral Biology, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Gulei D, Irimie AI, Cojocneanu-Petric R, Schultze JL, Berindan-Neagoe I. Exosomes—Small Players, Big Sound. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:635-648. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Iulia Irimie
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Division Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu-Petric
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Republicii 34-36 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Chen J, Wang S, Jia S, Ding G, Jiang G, Cao L. Integrated Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA and mRNA Expression Profile in Pancreatic Cancer Derived Exosomes Treated Dendritic Cells by Microarray Analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:21-31. [PMID: 29290766 PMCID: PMC5743708 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with a low five-year survival rate. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are the most potent antigen-presenting cells in the human body, play a pivotal role in the immune response. However, few studies have investigated the role of pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes (PEXs) in DC-meditated immune escape. The expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs of PEX-treated dendritic cells are unknown. Methods: We used integrated lncRNA and mRNA microarrays to determine the expression profiles of PEX-treated DCs and normal DCs derived from five healthy donors. Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG, and cancer genomics analyses were performed to identify significant functions, pathways, and the associations of differentially expressed mRNAs. A coexpression network was constructed to identify the correlation between differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs and further validated using real-time quantitative PCR in twenty healthy donors. The AnnoLnc program was used to perform an annotation analysis of lncRNAs. Results: We identified 3,227 and 924 differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, respectively, in PEX-treated DCs. GO and pathway analysis revealed differentially expressed mRNAs involved in many critical biological processes and molecular functions. Cancer genomics analysis revealed that 36 of the most differentially expressed mRNAs were involved in a pancreatic cancer network and were associated with many critical mutated genes such as TP53, KRAS, SMAD4, and CDKN2A. LncRNAs such as ENST00000560647 and mRNAs such as legumain (lgmn) were differentially expressed in PEX-treated DCs, and the data were validated using RT-qPCR. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to detect the differential expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with PEX-treated DCs. LncRNAs such as ENST00000560647 and mRNAs such as lgmn might play a critical role in immune escape of DCs treated with PEX. Further investigation is required to validate the functions and associations of these RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jionghuang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guixing Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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58
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Chen X, Lan J, Liu Y, Li L, Yan L, Xia Y, Wu F, Li C, Li S, Chen J. A paper-supported aptasensor based on upconversion luminescence resonance energy transfer for the accessible determination of exosomes. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 102:582-588. [PMID: 29241062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, as potential cancer diagnostic markers have received close attention in recent years. However, there is still a lack of simple and convenient methods to detect and quantitate exosomes. Herein, we used a simple paper-supported aptasensor based on luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) from upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to gold nanorods (Au NRs) for the accessible determination of exosomes. When exosomes are present, the two sections of the aptamer can combine with the CD63 protein on the surface of exosomes and form a conjugation to close the distance between UCNPs and Au NRs, which initiates the LRET and promotes luminescence quenching. These variations can be monitored by the homemade image system, and the green channel intensities of obtained colored images were extracted with photoshop software to quantify the luminescence. As a result, the quenching of the luminescence of the UCNPs is linearly correlated to the concentration of the exosomes (in the range of 1.0 × 104 ~ 1.0 × 108 particles/μL), enabling the detection and quantification of the exosomes. Such approach can reach a low detection limit of exosomes (1.1 × 103 particles/μL) and effectively reduce the background signal by using UCNPs as a luminescent material. This study provides an efficient and practical approach to the detection of exosomes, which should lead to point-of-care testing in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China.
| | - Jianming Lan
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Yingxin Liu
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Li Li
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Liu Yan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China
| | - Yaokun Xia
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Fang Wu
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Chunyan Li
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Shirong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, PR China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China.
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59
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Saeed-Zidane M, Linden L, Salilew-Wondim D, Held E, Neuhoff C, Tholen E, Hoelker M, Schellander K, Tesfaye D. Cellular and exosome mediated molecular defense mechanism in bovine granulosa cells exposed to oxidative stress. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187569. [PMID: 29117219 PMCID: PMC5678720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Various environmental insults including diseases, heat and oxidative stress could lead to abnormal growth, functions and apoptosis in granulosa cells during ovarian follicle growth and oocyte maturation. Despite the fact that cells exposed to oxidative stress are responding transcriptionally, the potential release of transcripts associated with oxidative stress response into extracellular space through exosomes is not yet determined. Therefore, here we aimed to investigate the effect of oxidative stress in bovine granulosa cells in vitro on the cellular and exosome mediated defense mechanisms. Bovine granulosa cells were aspirated from ovarian follicles and cultured in DMEM/F-12 Ham culture medium supplemented with 10% exosome-depleted fetal bovine serum. In the first experiment sub-confluent cells were treated with 5 μM H2O2 for 40 min to induce oxidative stress. Thereafter, cells were subjected to ROS and mitochondrial staining, cell proliferation and cell cycle assays. Furthermore, gene and protein expression analysis were performed in H2O2-challenged versus control group 24 hr post-treatment using qRT-PCR and immune blotting or immunocytochemistry assay, respectively. Moreover, exosomes were isolated from spent media using ultracentrifugation procedure, and subsequently used for RNA isolation and qRT-PCR. In the second experiment, exosomes released by granulosa cells under oxidative stress (StressExo) or those released by granulosa cells without oxidative stress (NormalExo) were co-incubated with bovine granulosa cells in vitro to proof the potential horizontal transfer of defense molecules from exosomes to granulosa cells and investigate any phenotype changes. Exposure of bovine granulosa cells to H2O2 induced the accumulation of ROS, reduced mitochondrial activity, increased expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes (both mRNA and protein), altered the cell cycle transitions and induced cellular apoptosis. Granulosa cells exposed to oxidative stress released exosomes enriched with mRNA of Nrf2 and candidate antioxidants. Subsequent co-incubation of StressExo with cultured granulosa cells could alter the relative abundance of cellular oxidative stress response molecules including Nrf2 and antioxidants CAT, PRDX1 and TXN1. The present study provide evidences that granulosa cells exposed to oxidative stress conditions react to stress by activating cascades of cellular antioxidant molecules which can also be released into extracellular environment through exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saeed-Zidane
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lea Linden
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Held
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany
- Center of Integrated Dairy Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany
- * E-mail:
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60
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Paolini L, Orizio F, Busatto S, Radeghieri A, Bresciani R, Bergese P, Monti E. Exosomes Secreted by HeLa Cells Shuttle on Their Surface the Plasma Membrane-Associated Sialidase NEU3. Biochemistry 2017; 56:6401-6408. [PMID: 29039925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases are glycohydrolases that remove terminal sialic acid residues from oligosaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. The plasma membrane-associated sialidase NEU3 is involved in the fine-tuning of sialic acid-containing glycans directly on the cell surface and plays relevant roles in important biological phenomena such as cell differentiation, molecular recognition, and cancer transformation. Extracellular vesicles are membranous structures with a diameter of 0.03-1 μm released by cells and can be detected in blood, urine, and culture media. Among extracellular vesicles, exosomes play roles in intercellular communication and maintenance of several physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, and could represent a useful diagnostic tool for personalized nanomedicine approaches. Using inducible expression of the murine form of NEU3 in HeLa cells, a study of the association of the enzyme with exosomes released in the culture media has been performed. Briefly, NEU3 is associated with highly purified exosomes and localizes on the external leaflet of these nanovesicles, as demonstrated by enzyme activity measurements, Western blot analysis, and dot blot analysis using specific protein markers. On the basis of these results, it is plausible that NEU3 activity on exosome glycans enhances the dynamic biological behavior of these small extracellular vesicles by modifying the negative charge and steric hindrance of their glycocalyx. The presence of NEU3 on the exosomal surface could represent a useful marker for the detection of these nanovesicles and a tool for improving our understanding of the biology of these important extracellular carriers in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Paolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Flavia Orizio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Busatto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bresciani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
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61
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Contreras-Naranjo JC, Wu HJ, Ugaz VM. Microfluidics for exosome isolation and analysis: enabling liquid biopsy for personalized medicine. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3558-3577. [PMID: 28832692 PMCID: PMC5656537 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00592j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, the smallest sized extracellular vesicles (∽30-150 nm) packaged with lipids, proteins, functional messenger RNAs and microRNAs, and double-stranded DNA from their cells of origin, have emerged as key players in intercellular communication. Their presence in bodily fluids, where they protect their cargo from degradation, makes them attractive candidates for clinical application as innovative diagnostic and therapeutic tools. But routine isolation and analysis of high purity exosomes in clinical settings is challenging, with conventional methods facing a number of drawbacks including low yield and/or purity, long processing times, high cost, and difficulties in standardization. Here we review a promising solution, microfluidic-based technologies that have incorporated a host of separation and sensing capabilities for exosome isolation, detection, and analysis, with emphasis on point-of-care and clinical applications. These new capabilities promise to advance fundamental research while paving the way toward routine exosome-based liquid biopsy for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Contreras-Naranjo
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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Yarana C, Carroll D, Chen J, Chaiswing L, Zhao Y, Noel T, Alstott M, Bae Y, Dressler EV, Moscow JA, Butterfield DA, Zhu H, St Clair DK. Extracellular Vesicles Released by Cardiomyocytes in a Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Injury Mouse Model Contain Protein Biomarkers of Early Cardiac Injury. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:1644-1653. [PMID: 29070527 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Cardiac injury is a major cause of death in cancer survivors, and biomarkers for it are detectable only after tissue injury has occurred. Extracellular vesicles (EV) remove toxic biomolecules from tissues and can be detected in the blood. Here, we evaluate the potential of using circulating EVs as early diagnostic markers for long-term cardiac injury.Experimental Design: Using a mouse model of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiac injury, we quantified serum EVs, analyzed proteomes, measured oxidized protein levels in serum EVs released after DOX treatment, and investigated the alteration of EV content.Results: Treatment with DOX caused a significant increase in circulating EVs (DOX_EV) compared with saline-treated controls. DOX_EVs exhibited a higher level of 4-hydroxynonenal adducted proteins, a lipid peroxidation product linked to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Proteomic profiling of DOX_EVs revealed the distinctive presence of brain/heart, muscle, and liver isoforms of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), and their origins were verified to be heart, skeletal muscle, and liver, respectively. The presence of brain/heart GP (PYGB) in DOX_EVs correlated with a reduction of PYGB in heart, but not brain tissues. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) overexpression, as well as pretreatment with cardioprotective agents and MnSOD mimetics, resulted in a reduction of EV-associated PYGB in mice treated with DOX. Kinetic studies indicated that EVs containing PYGB were released prior to the rise of cardiac troponin in the blood after DOX treatment, suggesting that PYGB is an early indicator of cardiac injury.Conclusions: EVs containing PYGB are an early and sensitive biomarker of cardiac injury. Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1644-53. ©2017 AACRSee related commentary by Zhu and Gius, p. 1516.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chontida Yarana
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Dustin Carroll
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Luksana Chaiswing
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yanming Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Teresa Noel
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Michael Alstott
- Markey Cancer Center, Redox Metabolism Shared Resource Facility, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Younsoo Bae
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Emily V Dressler
- Division of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey A Moscow
- Investigational Drug Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Markey Cancer Center, Redox Metabolism Shared Resource Facility, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Haining Zhu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Markey Cancer Center, Redox Metabolism Shared Resource Facility, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Daret K St Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
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Sharma A. Role of stem cell derived exosomes in tumor biology. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1086-1092. [PMID: 28983919 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-scale messengers loaded with bio-molecular cargo of RNA, DNA, and Proteins. As a master regulator of cellular signaling, stem cell (both normal, and cancer stem cells) secreted exosome orchestrate various autocrine and paracrine functions which alter tumor micro-environment, growth and progression. Exosomes secreted by one of the two important stem cell phenotypes in cancers a) Mesenchymal stem cells, and b) Cancer stem cells not only promote cancerous growth but also impart therapy resistance in cancer cells. In tumors, normal or mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) derived exosomes (MSC-exo) modulate tumor hallmarks by delivering unique miRNA species to neighboring cells and help in tumor progression. Apart from regulating tumor cell fate, MSC-exo are also capable of inducing physiological processes, for example, angiogenesis, metastasis and so forth. Similarly, cancer stem cells (CSCs) derived exosomes (CSC-exo) contain stemness-specific proteins, self-renewal promoting regulatory miRNAs, and survival factors. CSC-exo specific cargo maintains tumor heterogeneity and alters tumor progression. In this review we critically discuss the importance of stem cell specific exosomes in tumor cell signaling pathways with their role in tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Sharma
- ExoCan Healthcare Technologies Pvt Ltd, L4, 400 NCL Innovation Park, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
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64
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Sharma A. Chemoresistance in cancer cells: exosomes as potential regulators of therapeutic tumor heterogeneity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2137-2148. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance in cancer cells remains a fundamental challenge. Be it nontargeted or targeted drugs, the presence of intrinsic or acquired cancer cell resistance remains a great obstacle in chemotherapy. Conventionally, a spectrum of cellular mechanisms defines drug resistance including overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins and drug efflux pumps, mutations in target and synergistic activation of prosurvival pathways in tumor cells. In addition to these well-studied routes, exosome-induced chemoresistance is emerging as a novel mechanism. Mechanistically, exosomes impart resistance by direct drug export, transport of drug efflux pumps and miRNAs exchange among cells. Moreover, exosome signaling creates ‘therapeutic tumor heterogeneity’ and favorably condition tumor microenvironment. Here, we discuss exosomes’ role in chemoresistance and possibilities of developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Sharma
- ExoCan Healthcare Technologies Pvt Ltd, L4, 400 NCL Innovation Park, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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65
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Maybruck BT, Pfannenstiel LW, Diaz-Montero M, Gastman BR. Tumor-derived exosomes induce CD8 + T cell suppressors. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:65. [PMID: 28806909 PMCID: PMC5556362 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The suppressive nature of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment plays a major role in regulating anti-tumor immune responses. Our previous work demonstrated that a soluble factor from tumor cells is able to induce a suppressor phenotype (SP) in human CD8+ T cells typified by loss of CD27/CD28 expression and acquisition of a potent suppressor function. The present study hypothesized that the soluble mechanism that is inducing the SP in CD8+ T cells are tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs). METHODS Membrane vesicles and TDEs from multiple head and neck cancer cell line's conditioned growth media were isolated by ultracentrifugation and precipitation, respectively. Human purified CD3+CD8+ T cells were assessed for their induction of the T cell SP by flow cytometry identifying loss of CD27/CD28 expression and in vitro suppression assays. Furthermore, the T cell SP was characterized for the attenuation of IFN-γ production. To delineate exosomal proteins contributing to T cell SP, mass spectrometry was used to identify unique proteins that were present in TDEs. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout constructs were used to examine the role of one of these proteins, galectin-1. To assess the role of exosomal RNA, RNA purified from TDEs was nucleofected into CD8+ T cells followed by suppression analysis. RESULTS Using fractionated conditioned growth media, factors >200 kDa induced CD8+ T cell SP, which was determined to be an exosome by mass spectrometry analysis. Multiple head and neck cancer-derived cell lines were found to secrete T cell SP-inducing exosomes. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that an immunoregulatory protein, galectin-1 (Gal-1), was expressed in those exosomes, but not in TDEs unable to induce T cell SP. Galectin-1 knockout cells were found to be less able to induce T cell SP. Furthermore, RNA purified from the T cell SP-inducing exosomes were found to partially induce the SP when transfected into normal CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS For the first-time, TDEs have been identified to induce a SP in CD8+ T cells and their mode of action may be synergistic effects from exosomal proteins and RNA. One protein in particular, galectin-1, appears to play a significant role in inducing T cell SP. Therefore, tumor-derived immunosuppressive exosomes are a potential therapeutic target to prevent T cell dysfunction and enhance anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian R. Gastman
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, USA
- Institutes of Head and Neck, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Cleveland, USA
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave/NE60, NE6-303, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
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66
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Mondal A, Kumari Singh D, Panda S, Shiras A. Extracellular Vesicles As Modulators of Tumor Microenvironment and Disease Progression in Glioma. Front Oncol 2017; 7:144. [PMID: 28730141 PMCID: PMC5498789 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are lethal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by infiltrative growth, aggressive nature, and therapeutic resistance. The recent 2016 WHO classification for CNS tumors categorizes diffuse glioma into two major types that include IDH wild-type glioblastoma, which is the predominant type and IDH-mutant glioblastoma, which is less common and displays better prognosis. Recent studies suggest presence of a distinct cell population with stem cell features termed as glioma stem cells (GSCs) to be causal in driving tumor growth in glioblastoma. The presence of a stem and progenitor population possibly makes glioblastoma highly heterogeneous. Significantly, tumor growth is driven by interaction of cells residing within the tumor with the surrounding milieu termed as the tumor microenvironment. It comprises of various cell types such as endothelial cells, secreted factors, and the surrounding extracellular matrix, which altogether help perpetuate the proliferation of GSCs. One of the important mediators critical to the cross talk is extracellular vesicles (EVs). These nano-sized vesicles play important roles in intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules into the surrounding milieu, thereby altering cellular functions and/or reprogramming recipient cells. With the growing information on the contribution of EVs in modulation of the tumor microenvironment, it is important to determine their role in both supporting as well as promoting tumor growth in glioma. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the role of EVs in tumor progression and glioma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Mondal
- Lab-3, RNA Biology and Cancer Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Divya Kumari Singh
- Lab-3, RNA Biology and Cancer Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Suchismita Panda
- Lab-3, RNA Biology and Cancer Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Anjali Shiras
- Lab-3, RNA Biology and Cancer Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Pune, India
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67
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Montis C, Zendrini A, Valle F, Busatto S, Paolini L, Radeghieri A, Salvatore A, Berti D, Bergese P. Size distribution of extracellular vesicles by optical correlation techniques. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:331-338. [PMID: 28711858 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the colloidal properties of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is key to advance fundamental knowledge in this field and to develop effective EV-based diagnostics, therapeutics and devices. Determination of size distribution and of colloidal stability of purified EVs resuspended in buffered media is a complex and challenging issue - because of the wide range of EV diameters (from 30 to 2000nm), concentrations of interest and membrane properties, and the possible presence of co-isolated contaminants with similar size and densities, such as protein aggregates and fat globules - which is still waiting to be fully addressed. We report here a fully detailed protocol for accurate and robust determination of the size distribution and stability of EV samples which leverages a dedicated combination of Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The theoretical background, critical experimental steps and data analysis procedures are thoroughly presented and finally illustrated through the representative case study of EV formulations obtained from culture media of B16 melanoma cells, a murine tumor cell line used as a model for human skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Montis
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" e CSGI, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale e CSGI, Università degli Studi di Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Valle
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati - ISMN-CNR e CSGI, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Busatto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale e CSGI, Università degli Studi di Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia Paolini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale e CSGI, Università degli Studi di Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale e CSGI, Università degli Studi di Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salvatore
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" e CSGI, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" e CSGI, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale e CSGI, Università degli Studi di Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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68
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Wang N, Xie L. Diagnostic and therapeutic applications of tumor-associated exosomes. PRECISION RADIATION ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pro6.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jinan Shandong Province China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan Shandong Province China
| | - Li Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan Shandong Province China
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Li P, Kaslan M, Lee SH, Yao J, Gao Z. Progress in Exosome Isolation Techniques. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:789-804. [PMID: 28255367 PMCID: PMC5327650 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1198] [Impact Index Per Article: 171.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are one type of membrane vesicles secreted into extracellular space by most types of cells. In addition to performing many biological functions particularly in cell-cell communication, cumulative evidence has suggested that several biological entities in exosomes like proteins and microRNAs are closely associated with the pathogenesis of most human malignancies and they may serve as invaluable biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. This provides a commanding impetus and growing demands for simple, efficient, and affordable techniques to isolate exosomes. Capitalizing on the physicochemical and biochemical properties of exosomes, a number of techniques have been developed for the isolation of exosomes. This article summarizes the advances in exosome isolation techniques with an emphasis on their isolation mechanism, performance, challenges, and prospects. We hope that this article will provide an overview of exosome isolation techniques, opening up new perspectives towards the development more innovative strategies and devices for more time saving, cost effective, and efficient isolations of exosomes from a wide range of biological matrices.
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70
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Khatun Z, Bhat A, Sharma S, Sharma A. Elucidating diversity of exosomes: biophysical and molecular characterization methods. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2359-77. [PMID: 27488053 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-secreted nanovesicles present in biological fluids in normal and diseased conditions. Owing to their seminal role in cell-cell communication, emerging evidences suggest that exosomes are fundamental regulators of various diseases. Due to their potential usefulness in disease diagnosis, robust isolation and characterization of exosomes is critical in developing exosome-based assays. In the last few years, different exosome characterization methods, both biophysical and molecular, have been developed to characterize these tiny vesicles. Here, in this review we summarize: first, biophysical techniques based on spectroscopy (e.g., Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering) and other principles, for example, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy; second, antibody-based molecular techniques including flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and third, nanotechnology-dependent exosome characterization methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamila Khatun
- ExoCan Healthcare Technologies Ltd, L4, 400 NCL Innovation Park, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Anjali Bhat
- ExoCan Healthcare Technologies Ltd, L4, 400 NCL Innovation Park, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- California Nanosystems, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aman Sharma
- ExoCan Healthcare Technologies Ltd, L4, 400 NCL Innovation Park, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
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Trombetta D, Sparaneo A, Fabrizio FP, Muscarella LA. Liquid biopsy and NSCLC. Lung Cancer Manag 2016; 5:91-104. [PMID: 30643553 DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of high-throughput molecular screening and personalized medicine, difficulty in determining whether cancer mutations are truly 'actionable' remains a gray zone in NSCLC. The most important prerequisite to perform such investigations is the tumor tissue retrieval via biopsy at diagnosis and after occurrence of resistance. Blood-based liquid biopsy as circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and exosomes can offer a fast and non-invasive method to elucidate the genetic heterogeneity of patients, the screening and patient stratification and give a dynamic surveillance for tumor progression and monitor treatments response. Here we prospectively discuss the three main approaches in the blood-biopsy field of lung cancer patients and its clinical applications in patient management. We also outline some of the analytical challenges that remain for liquid biopsy techniques in demonstrating that it could represent a true and actionable picture in lung cancer management for the implementation into clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Trombetta
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Angelo Sparaneo
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Federico Pio Fabrizio
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Maggi E, Patterson NE, Montagna C. Technological advances in precision medicine and drug development. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2016; 1:331-343. [PMID: 27622214 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2016.1176527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
New technologies are rapidly becoming available to expand the arsenal of tools accessible for precision medicine and to support the development of new therapeutics. Advances in liquid biopsies, which analyze cells, DNA, RNA, proteins, or vesicles isolated from the blood, have gained particular interest for their uses in acquiring information reflecting the biology of tumors and metastatic tissues. Through advancements in DNA sequencing that have merged unprecedented accuracy with affordable cost, personalized treatments based on genetic variations are becoming a real possibility. Extraordinary progress has been achieved in the development of biological therapies aimed to even further advance personalized treatments. We provide a summary of current and future applications of blood based liquid biopsies and how new technologies are utilized for the development of biological therapeutic treatments. We discuss current and future sequencing methods with an emphasis on how technological advances will support the progress in the field of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Maggi
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nicole E Patterson
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Pathology Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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