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Zeman J, Hrbek J, Drimaj J, Plhal R, Kamler J, Adamec Z, Heroldová M. Wild Boar Impact to the Natural Regeneration of Oak and Acorn Importance in its Diet. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201664020579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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52
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Batista Linhares M, Belloy L, Origgi FC, Lechner I, Segner H, Ryser-Degiorgis MP. Investigating the role of free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the re-emergence of enzootic pneumonia in domestic pig herds: a pathological, prevalence and risk-factor study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119060. [PMID: 25747151 PMCID: PMC4352045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzootic pneumonia (EP) caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has a significant economic impact on domestic pig production. A control program carried out from 1999 to 2003 successfully reduced disease occurrence in domestic pigs in Switzerland, but recurrent outbreaks suggested a potential role of free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a source of re-infection. Since little is known on the epidemiology of EP in wild boar populations, our aims were: (1) to estimate the prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae infections in wild boar in Switzerland; (2) to identify risk factors for infection in wild boar; and (3) to assess whether infection in wild boar is associated with the same gross and microscopic lesions typical of EP in domestic pigs. Nasal swabs, bronchial swabs and lung samples were collected from 978 wild boar from five study areas in Switzerland between October 2011 and May 2013. Swabs were analyzed by qualitative real time PCR and a histopathological study was conducted on lung tissues. Risk factor analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression modeling. Overall prevalence in nasal swabs was 26.2% (95% CI 23.3–29.3%) but significant geographical differences were observed. Wild boar density, occurrence of EP outbreaks in domestic pigs and young age were identified as risk factors for infection. There was a significant association between infection and lesions consistent with EP in domestic pigs. We have concluded that M. hyopneumoniae is widespread in the Swiss wild boar population, that the same risk factors for infection of domestic pigs also act as risk factors for infection of wild boar, and that infected wild boar develop lesions similar to those found in domestic pigs. However, based on our data and the outbreak pattern in domestic pigs, we propose that spillover from domestic pigs to wild boar is more likely than transmission from wild boar to pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainity Batista Linhares
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luc Belloy
- Institut Galli-Valerio, Laboratoire d’Analyses vétérinaires, Département du Territoire et de l’Environnement, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco C. Origgi
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Lechner
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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53
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Barasona JA, Latham MC, Acevedo P, Armenteros JA, Latham ADM, Gortazar C, Carro F, Soriguer RC, Vicente J. Spatiotemporal interactions between wild boar and cattle: implications for cross-species disease transmission. Vet Res 2014; 45:122. [PMID: 25496754 PMCID: PMC4264384 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling infectious diseases at the wildlife/livestock interface is often difficult because the ecological processes driving transmission between wildlife reservoirs and sympatric livestock populations are poorly understood. Thus, assessing how animals use their environment and how this affects interspecific interactions is an important factor in determining the local risk for disease transmission and maintenance. We used data from concurrently monitored GPS-collared domestic cattle and wild boar (Sus scrofa) to assess spatiotemporal interactions and associated implications for bovine tuberculosis (TB) transmission in a complex ecological and epidemiological system, Doñana National Park (DNP, South Spain). We found that fine-scale spatial overlap of cattle and wild boar was seasonally high in some habitats. In general, spatial interactions between the two species were highest in the marsh-shrub ecotone and at permanent water sources, whereas shrub-woodlands and seasonal grass-marshlands were areas with lower predicted relative interactions. Wild boar and cattle generally used different resources during winter and spring in DNP. Conversely, limited differences in resource selection during summer and autumn, when food and water availability were limiting, resulted in negligible spatial segregation and thus probably high encounter rates. The spatial gradient in potential overlap between the two species across DNP corresponded well with the spatial variation in the observed incidence of TB in cattle and prevalence of TB in wild boar. We suggest that the marsh-shrub ecotone and permanent water sources act as important points of TB transmission in our system, particularly during summer and autumn. Targeted management actions are suggested to reduce potential interactions between cattle and wild boar in order to prevent disease transmission and design effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Barasona
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), IREC, National Wildlife Research Institute (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.
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54
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Morelle K, Podgórski T, Prévot C, Keuling O, Lehaire F, Lejeune P. Towards understanding wild boar S
us scrofa
movement: a synthetic movement ecology approach. Mamm Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Morelle
- Department of Forest and Nature Management; Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech; University of Liège; Passage des déportés 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Mammal Research Institute; Polish Academy of Sciences; ul. Waszkiewicza 1 17-230 Białowieża Poland
| | - Céline Prévot
- Department of Natural and Agricultural Environmental Studies; Service Public de Wallonie; Avenue Maréchal Juin 23 5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Oliver Keuling
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research; University of Veterinary Medicine; Bischofholer Damm 15 30173 Hannover Germany
| | - François Lehaire
- Department of Forest and Nature Management; Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech; University of Liège; Passage des déportés 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Philippe Lejeune
- Department of Forest and Nature Management; Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech; University of Liège; Passage des déportés 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium
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55
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Maselli V, Rippa D, Russo G, Ligrone R, Soppelsa O, D’Aniello B, Raia P, Fulgione D. Wild boars’ social structure in the Mediterranean habitat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2014.953220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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56
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Podgórski T, Scandura M, Jędrzejewska B. Next of kin next door - philopatry and socio-genetic population structure in wild boar. J Zool (1987) 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Podgórski
- Mammal Research Institute; Polish Academy of Sciences; Białowieża Poland
| | - M. Scandura
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - B. Jędrzejewska
- Mammal Research Institute; Polish Academy of Sciences; Białowieża Poland
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57
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Podgórski T, Lusseau D, Scandura M, Sönnichsen L, Jędrzejewska B. Long-lasting, kin-directed female interactions in a spatially structured wild boar social network. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99875. [PMID: 24919178 PMCID: PMC4053407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals can increase inclusive fitness benefits through a complex network of social interactions directed towards kin. Preferential relationships with relatives lead to the emergence of kin structures in the social system. Cohesive social groups of related individuals and female philopatry of wild boar create conditions for cooperation through kin selection and make the species a good biological model for studying kin structures. Yet, the role of kinship in shaping the social structure of wild boar populations is still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated spatio-temporal patterns of associations and the social network structure of the wild boar Sus scrofa population in Białowieża National Park, Poland, which offered a unique opportunity to understand wild boar social interactions away from anthropogenic factors. We used a combination of telemetry data and genetic information to examine the impact of kinship on network cohesion and the strength of social bonds. Relatedness and spatial proximity between individuals were positively related to the strength of social bond. Consequently, the social network was spatially and genetically structured with well-defined and cohesive social units. However, spatial proximity between individuals could not entirely explain the association patterns and network structure. Genuine, kin-targeted, and temporarily stable relationships of females extended beyond spatial proximity between individuals while males interactions were short-lived and not shaped by relatedness. The findings of this study confirm the matrilineal nature of wild boar social structure and show how social preferences of individuals translate into an emergent socio-genetic population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Podgórski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - David Lusseau
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Leif Sönnichsen
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
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58
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Engeman R, Hershberger T, Orzell S, Felix R, Killian G, Woolard J, Cornman J, Romano D, Huddleston C, Zimmerman P, Barre C, Tillman E, Avery M. Impacts from control operations on a recreationally hunted feral swine population at a large military installation in Florida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:7689-7697. [PMID: 24622991 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Feral swine were targeted for control at Avon Park Air Force Range in south-central Florida to avert damage to sensitive wetland habitats on the 40,000-ha base. We conducted a 5-year study to assess impacts from control to this population that had been recreationally hunted for many years. Control was initiated in early 2009. The feral swine population was monitored from 2008 to 2012 using a passive tracking index (PTI) during the dry and wet seasons and using recreational hunter take rates from the dry season. All three indices showed substantial feral swine declines after implementing control, with indices leveling for the final two study years. Military missions and recreational hunting seasons impacted temporal and spatial consistency of control application, thereby limiting further impacts of control efforts on the feral swine population. The PTI was also able to monitor coyotes, another invasive species on the base, and detect Florida black bear and Florida panther, species of particular concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Engeman
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA/APHIS/WS, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Fort Collins, CO, 80521-2154, USA,
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59
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Assessing the Effectiveness of Tuberculosis Management in Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), through Indirect Surveillance of Mycobacterium bovis Infection Using Released Sentinel Pigs. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:361634. [PMID: 24804148 PMCID: PMC3996883 DOI: 10.1155/2014/361634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In New Zealand, wild pigs acquire Mycobacterium bovis infection by scavenging tuberculous carrion, primarily carcasses of the main disease maintenance host, the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). We investigated the utility of captive-reared, purpose-released pigs as sentinels for tuberculosis (TB) following lethal possum control and subsequent population recovery. Within 2-3 years of possum control by intensive poisoning, TB prevalence and the incidence rate of M. bovis infection in released sentinel pigs were lower than in an adjacent area where possums had not been poisoned. Unexpectedly, TB did not decline to near zero levels among pigs in the poisoned area, a fact which reflected an unanticipated rapid increase in the apparent abundance of possums. Monitoring infection levels among resident wild pigs confirmed that TB prevalence, while reduced due to possum control, persisted in the poisoned area at >20% among pigs born 2-3 years after poisoning, while remaining >60% among resident wild pigs in the nonpoisoned area. When fitted with radio-tracking devices, purpose-released pigs provided precise spatial TB surveillance information and facilitated effective killing of wild pigs when employed as “Judas” animals to help locate residents. Sentinel pigs offer value for monitoring disease trends in New Zealand, as TB levels in possums decline nationally due to large-scale possum control.
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60
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Engeman RM, Massei G, Sage M, Gentle MN. Monitoring wild pig populations: a review of methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:8077-8091. [PMID: 23881593 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are widespread across many landscapes throughout the world and are considered to be an invasive pest to agriculture and the environment, or conversely a native or desired game species and resource for hunting. Wild pig population monitoring is often required for a variety of management or research objectives, and many methods and analyses for monitoring abundance are available. Here, we describe monitoring methods that have proven or potential applications to wild pig management. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of methods so that potential users can efficiently consider and identify the option(s) best suited to their combination of objectives, circumstances, and resources. This paper offers guidance to wildlife managers, researchers, and stakeholders considering population monitoring of wild pigs and will help ensure that they can fulfill their monitoring objectives while optimizing their use of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Engeman
- National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Fort Collins, CO, 80521-2154, USA,
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61
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Fernanda Cuevas M, Ojeda RA, Jaksic FM. Multi-scale patterns of habitat use by wild boar in the Monte Desert of Argentina. Basic Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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62
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Barasona JA, López-Olvera JR, Beltrán-Beck B, Gortázar C, Vicente J. Trap-effectiveness and response to tiletamine-zolazepam and medetomidine anaesthesia in Eurasian wild boar captured with cage and corral traps. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:107. [PMID: 23702232 PMCID: PMC3665459 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Capture, handling and chemical restraint are basic techniques often needed for research or management purposes. The aim of this study was testing a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) (3 mg/kg) and medetomidine (M) (0.05 mg/kg) on Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). A total of 77 free-ranging wild boar were captured by means of portable cages and corral traps and then anaesthetized with intramuscular darts using a blowpipe. The individual response to chemical immobilization was characterized using anaesthetic, clinical, and serum biochemical variables. After the procedure, 14 of these wild boar were monitored for 20 days using GPS-GSM collars. Results Pre-release mortality during capture and handling (6.5%) was associated with severe trauma in corral traps. Capture specificity for wild boar was 96.3% and trapping effort was 16.5 days per captured wild boar. Mean induction period was 4.5 ± 2.2 min, hypnosis period enabling effective handling was 61.6 ± 25.4 min, and recovery period was 12.8 ± 12.1 min. No heart or respiratory failure due to added stress occurred and post-release monitoring by GPS-devices revealed no mortality due to anaesthesia. According to the best statistical model obtained, the main factor driving anaesthetic efficacy and stress indicators is trap type. Conclusions Both cage and corral traps are efficient methods to capture wild boar. Cage traps are safer, as demonstrated by mortality rates as well as anaesthetic, physiological, and serum biochemical responses. This anaesthetic protocol is useful for prolonged handling of wild boar and allows sampling and collecting data for ecological and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Angel Barasona
- Sanidad y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC; CSIC - UCLM - JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, Ciudad Real sn 13005, Spain.
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63
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Comparing red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) dispersal patterns in southern Belgium. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-013-0732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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64
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García-Jiménez WL, Fernández-Llario P, Benítez-Medina JM, Cerrato R, Cuesta J, García-Sánchez A, Gonçalves P, Martínez R, Risco D, Salguero FJ, Serrano E, Gómez L, Hermoso-de-Mendoza J. Reducing Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) population density as a measure for bovine tuberculosis control: effects in wild boar and a sympatric fallow deer (Dama dama) population in Central Spain. Prev Vet Med 2013; 110:435-46. [PMID: 23490145 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Research on management of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in wildlife reservoir hosts is crucial for the implementation of effective disease control measures and the generation of practical bTB management recommendations. Among the management methods carried out on wild species to reduce bTB prevalence, the control of population density has been frequently used, with hunting pressure a practical strategy to reduce bTB prevalence. However, despite the number of articles about population density control in different bTB wildlife reservoirs, there is little information regarding the application of such measures on the Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa), which is considered the main bTB wildlife reservoir within Mediterranean ecosystems. This study shows the effects of a management measure leading to a radical decrease in wild boar population density at a large hunting estate in Central Spain, in order to assess the evolution of bTB prevalence in both the wild boar population and the sympatric fallow deer population. The evolution of bTB prevalence was monitored in populations of the two wild ungulate species over a 5-year study period (2007-2012). The results showed that bTB prevalence decreased in fallow deer, corresponding to an important reduction in the wild boar population. However, this decrease was not homogeneous: in the last season of study there was an increase in bTB-infected male animals. Moreover, bTB prevalence remained high in the remnant wild boar population.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L García-Jiménez
- Red de Grupos de Investigación Recursos Faunísticos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, E-10003 Cáceres, Spain.
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65
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Podgórski T, Baś G, Jędrzejewska B, Sönnichsen L, Śnieżko S, Jędrzejewski W, Okarma H. Spatiotemporal behavioral plasticity of wild boar (Sus scrofa) under contrasting conditions of human pressure: primeval forest and metropolitan area. J Mammal 2013. [DOI: 10.1644/12-mamm-a-038.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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66
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Differences in the activity pattern of the wild boar Sus scrofa related to human disturbance. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-012-0661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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67
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Sandom CJ, Hughes J, Macdonald DW. Rewilding the Scottish Highlands: Do Wild Boar,Sus scrofa, Use a Suitable Foraging Strategy to be Effective Ecosystem Engineers? Restor Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2012.00903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joelene Hughes
- University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House; Abingdon Road; Tubney; Abingdon; OX13 5QL; U.K
| | - David W. Macdonald
- University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House; Abingdon Road; Tubney; Abingdon; OX13 5QL; U.K
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68
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Boadella M, Barasona J, Pozio E, Montoro V, Vicente J, Gortazar C, Acevedo P. Spatio-temporal trends and risk factors for Trichinella species infection in wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations of central Spain: A long-term study. Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:739-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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69
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Bosch J, Peris S, Fonseca C, Martinez M, Torre ADL, Iglesias I, Muñoz MJ. Distribution, abundance and density of the wild boar on the Iberian Peninsula, based on the CORINE program and hunting statistics. FOLIA ZOOLOGICA 2012. [DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v61.i2.a7.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Bosch
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health, CISA-INIA, 28130 Valdeolmos (Madrid), Spain
| | - Salvador Peris
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Fonseca
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta Martinez
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health, CISA-INIA, 28130 Valdeolmos (Madrid), Spain
| | - Ana De la Torre
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health, CISA-INIA, 28130 Valdeolmos (Madrid), Spain
| | - Irene Iglesias
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health, CISA-INIA, 28130 Valdeolmos (Madrid), Spain
| | - Maria J. Muñoz
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health, CISA-INIA, 28130 Valdeolmos (Madrid), Spain
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70
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Tolon V, Martin J, Dray S, Loison A, Fischer C, Baubet E. Predator-prey spatial game as a tool to understand the effects of protected areas on harvester-wildlife interactions. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 22:648-657. [PMID: 22611861 DOI: 10.1890/11-0422.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
No-take reserves are sometimes implemented for sustainable population harvesting because they offer opportunities for animals to spatially avoid harvesters, whereas harvesters can benefit in return from the reserve spillover. Here, we used the framework of predator-prey spatial games to understand how protected areas shape spatial interactions between harvesters and target species and determine animal mortality. In these spatial games, the "predator" searches for "prey" and matches their habitat use, unless it meets spatial constraints offering the opportunity for prey to avoid the mortality source. However, such prey refuges could attract predators in the surroundings, which questions the potential benefits for prey. We located, in the Geneva Basin (France), hunting dogs and wild boar Sus scrofa L. during hunting seasons with global positioning systems and very-high-frequency collars. We quantified how the proximity of the reserve shaped the matching between both habitat uses using multivariate analyses and linked these patterns to animals' mortality with a Cox regression analysis. Results showed that habitat uses by both protagonists disassociated only when hunters were spatially constrained by the reserve. In response, hunters increased hunting efforts near the reserve boundary, which induced a higher risk exposure for animals settled over the reserve. The mortality of adult wild boar decreased near the reserve as the mismatch between both habitat uses increased. However the opposite pattern was determined for younger individuals that suffered from the high level of hunting close to the reserve. The predator-prey analogy was an accurate prediction of how the protected area modified spatial relationships between harvesters and target species. Prey-searching strategies adopted by hunters around reserves strongly impacted animal mortality and the efficiency of the protected area for this harvested species. Increasing reserve sizes and/or implementing buffer areas with harvesting limitations can dampen this edge effect and helps harvesters to benefit durably from source populations of reserves. Predator-prey spatial games therefore provide a powerful theoretical background for understanding wildlife-harvester spatial interactions and developing substantial application for sustainable harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Tolon
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine CNRS UMR5553, Université de Savoie, Bâtiment Belledonne, F-73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France.
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71
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Lagos L, Picos J, Valero E. Temporal pattern of wild ungulate-related traffic accidents in northwest Spain. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-012-0614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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72
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Smith G. Preferential sexual transmission of pseudorabies virus in feral swine populations may not account for observed seroprevalence in the USA. Prev Vet Med 2011; 103:145-56. [PMID: 21962753 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper compares the behavior of two competing models for the transmission of pseudorabies virus in feral swine in the USA. In first model, horizontal (non-sexual) density dependent transmission is the only transmission modality. In the second model, the only transmission modality is sexual transmission between mature males and females. The comparison of model behavior was carried out to test the hypothesis that preferential sexual transmission of PRV in feral swine can account for the seroprevalence observed in the field. The observed range of seroprevalence of PRV in mature feral swine in the USA is consistent with a preferential sexual transmission only if the feral swine mating system is a random mating system or a polygynous system in which there is a relatively large rate of acquisition of new mates. The observed range of seroprevalence of PRV in mature feral swine in the USA is not consistent with a preferential sexual transmission if there is mate guarding. This is important because the National Pseudorabies Surveillance Plan deems monitoring the risk of PRV introduction from feral swine to be a "minor objective" both in terms of the scope of the plan and with respect to the resources allocated. The rationale for this statement was derived from experimental studies, which suggested that the PRV indigenous to feral swine in the USA is preferentially sexually transmitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Smith
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, PA 19348, United States.
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73
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Saïd S, Tolon V, Brandt S, Baubet E. Sex effect on habitat selection in response to hunting disturbance: the study of wild boar. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-011-0548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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74
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75
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Campbell TA, Long DB. Activity Patterns of Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Southern Texas. SOUTHWEST NAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1894/tal-15.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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76
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Seroprevalence and factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild boar ( Sus scrofa) in a Mediterranean island. Epidemiol Infect 2010; 138:1257-66. [PMID: 20096148 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268810000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the factors affecting the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in wildlife is limited. Here we analyse which local landscape characteristics are associated with the presence of toxoplasmosis in wild boar, Sus scrofa, on the island of Corsica, France. Meat juice samples from 1399 wild boars collected during two hunting seasons were tested for T. gondii antibodies using the modified agglutination test (titre 1:4). The overall seroprevalence was 0.55 (95% CI 0.50-0.59) for the first year and 0.33 (95% CI 0.29-0.35) for the second year. Seroprevalence varied according to age and county. At the county level, seropositivity in adults was related to farm density during year 1, and to habitat fragmentation, farm density and altitude during year 2. The exposure of wild boar to T. gondii is thus variable according to landscape characteristics and probably results in a variable risk of transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans.
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77
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Tolon V, Dray S, Loison A, Zeileis A, Fischer C, Baubet E. Responding to spatial and temporal variations in predation risk: space use of a game species in a changing landscape of fear. CAN J ZOOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/z09-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Predators generate a “landscape of fear” within which prey can minimize the risk of predation by selecting low-risk areas. Depending on the spatial structure of this “landscape”, i.e., whether it is coarse- or fine-grained, prey may respond to increased risk by shifting their home ranges or by fine-scale redistributions within these ranges, respectively. We studied how wild boar ( Sus scrofa L., 1758) responded to temporal changes in risk in hunted areas (risky habitat) surrounding a nature reserve (refuge habitat). Animals with home ranges “in contact” with the reserve during the low-risk season were the only ones to shift toward the refuge when the risk increased. These shifts occurred at two temporal scales in response to the increased risk during the daytime and during the hunting season. Whereas animals not influenced by the reserve found food and shelter in forest during the hunting season, shifts to the refuge area were detrimental to the rather scarce forest areas in the reserve. This confirms that spatiotemporal changes in risk are major drivers of animal distribution when predation strongly limits their fitness. Their response is, however, scale-dependent and reflects at the individual level the perceived structure of their “landscape of fear”.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Tolon
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Unité Mixte de Recherche (CNRS–UMR) N° 5553, Université de Savoie, bâtiment Belledonne, F-73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1 and CNRS–UMR N° 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Augasse 2-6, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Lullier, S-1254 Jussy, Switzerland
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre National d’Etude et de Recherche Appliquée – Cervidés et Sanglier, F-55 000 Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - S. Dray
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Unité Mixte de Recherche (CNRS–UMR) N° 5553, Université de Savoie, bâtiment Belledonne, F-73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1 and CNRS–UMR N° 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Augasse 2-6, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Lullier, S-1254 Jussy, Switzerland
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre National d’Etude et de Recherche Appliquée – Cervidés et Sanglier, F-55 000 Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - A. Loison
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Unité Mixte de Recherche (CNRS–UMR) N° 5553, Université de Savoie, bâtiment Belledonne, F-73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1 and CNRS–UMR N° 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Augasse 2-6, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Lullier, S-1254 Jussy, Switzerland
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre National d’Etude et de Recherche Appliquée – Cervidés et Sanglier, F-55 000 Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - A. Zeileis
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Unité Mixte de Recherche (CNRS–UMR) N° 5553, Université de Savoie, bâtiment Belledonne, F-73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1 and CNRS–UMR N° 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Augasse 2-6, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Lullier, S-1254 Jussy, Switzerland
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre National d’Etude et de Recherche Appliquée – Cervidés et Sanglier, F-55 000 Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - C. Fischer
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Unité Mixte de Recherche (CNRS–UMR) N° 5553, Université de Savoie, bâtiment Belledonne, F-73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1 and CNRS–UMR N° 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Augasse 2-6, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Lullier, S-1254 Jussy, Switzerland
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre National d’Etude et de Recherche Appliquée – Cervidés et Sanglier, F-55 000 Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - E. Baubet
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Unité Mixte de Recherche (CNRS–UMR) N° 5553, Université de Savoie, bâtiment Belledonne, F-73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1 and CNRS–UMR N° 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Augasse 2-6, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Lullier, S-1254 Jussy, Switzerland
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre National d’Etude et de Recherche Appliquée – Cervidés et Sanglier, F-55 000 Bar-le-Duc, France
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78
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Do intensive drive hunts affect wild boar (Sus scrofa) spatial behaviour in Italy? Some evidences and management implications. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-009-0314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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79
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Iacolina L, Scandura M, Bongi P, Apollonio M. Nonkin Associations in Wild Boar Social Units. J Mammal 2009. [DOI: 10.1644/08-mamm-a-074r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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80
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Poteaux C, Baubet E, Kaminski G, Brandt S, Dobson FS, Baudoin C. Socio-genetic structure and mating system of a wild boar population. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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81
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Modelling with uncertainty: Introducing a probabilistic framework to predict animal population dynamics. Ecol Modell 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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82
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Massei G, Genov PV, Staines BW, Gorman ML. Factors influencing home range and activity of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in a Mediterranean coastal area. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb03845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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83
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84
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Pozio E, Rinaldi L, Marucci G, Musella V, Galati F, Cringoli G, Boireau P, La Rosa G. Hosts and habitats of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella britovi in Europe. Int J Parasitol 2008; 39:71-9. [PMID: 18708065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella britovi are the two most common species of Trichinella circulating in Europe. Based on data provided to the International Trichinella Reference Centre over the past 20 years (data referring to 540 isolates of T. spiralis and 776 isolates of T. britovi), we describe the host species and habitat characteristics for these two pathogens in Europe. A Geographical Information System was constructed using administrative boundaries, a Corine Land Cover (CLC) map, and an elevation map. In most countries, T. britovi is more widespread (62.5-100% of the isolates) than T. spiralis (0.0-37.5%), although in Finland, Germany, Poland and Spain, T. spiralis is more prevalent (56.3-84.2% of the isolates). Trichinella britovi is more widespread than T. spiralis in sylvatic carnivores (89% versus 11%), whereas T. spiralis is prevalent in both wild boars (62% versus 38%) and domestic swine (82% versus 18%), as well as in rodents (75% versus 25%). Trichinella spiralis and T. britovi circulate in the same environments: 41.1% and 46.0%, respectively, in agricultural areas, and 45.5% and 46.6% in forested and semi-natural areas. Although both pathogens can be transmitted by domestic and sylvatic cycles, their epidemiology is strongly influenced by the higher adaptability of T. spiralis to swine and of T. britovi to carnivores. These results are important because they include information on the countries at risk for these pathogens, the role played by specific species as reservoirs, the role of the pathogens in domestic and sylvatic cycles, and the role of the habitat in their circulation. The results can also be used to identify the most suitable animal species for the monitoring of these pathogens in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pozio
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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85
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Keuling O, Stier N, Roth M. How does hunting influence activity and spatial usage in wild boar Sus scrofa L.? EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-008-0204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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86
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Annual and seasonal space use of different age classes of female wild boar Sus scrofa L. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-007-0157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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87
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Hebeisen C, Fattebert J, Baubet E, Fischer C. Estimating wild boar (Sus scrofa) abundance and density using capture–resights in Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-007-0156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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88
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KRAMER-SCHADT S, FERNÁNDEZ N, THULKE HH. Potential ecological and epidemiological factors affecting the persistence of classical swine fever in wild boar Sus scrofa populations. Mamm Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2007.00097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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89
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Factors affecting wild boar abundance across an environmental gradient in Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03192685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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90
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Massolo A, Della Stella RM. Population structure variations of wild boarSus scrofain central Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/11250000600727717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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91
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Spencer PBS, Lapidge SJ, Hampton JO, Pluske JR. The sociogenetic structure of a controlled feral pig population. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/wr04076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In Australia, the feral pig (Sus scrofa) is a significant vertebrate pest that has an impact on agricultural production, public health and ecosystem integrity. Although feral pigs are controlled throughout much of their range, little is known about the impact that these control programs have had on the social biology, structure and the dispersal of pigs. To begin to address this, we collected demographic data and genetic samples from 123 feral pigs culled during a regional aerial shooting program over 33 pastoral properties in the semi-arid rangelands of southern Queensland, Australia. Sampling was carried out after two years of extensive control efforts (aerial 1080-baiting) and the samples therefore represented a controlled, persecuted population with a bias towards young animals. The analysis of 13 microsatellite loci suggested that females will accept multiple matings, females form loose mobs that appear to be highly dynamic social groups, and males will travel large distances between mobs. These data indicate that feral pigs in this population had a high level of social contact and form a single open population with no evidence of genetic (population) structuring. Such information may be important to integrate into management strategies, particularly the development of contingency plans regarding the spread of wildlife diseases.
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92
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WILSON CHARLESJ. Rooting damage to farmland in Dorset, southern England, caused by feral wild boar Sus scrofa. Mamm Rev 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2004.00050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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93
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94
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Habitat effects and shooting techniques on two wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in Spain and Portugal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02190452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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95
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Truvé J, Lemel J. Timing and distance of natal dispersal for wild boar Sus scrofa in Sweden. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.2003.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Truvé
- Johan Truvé, Göteborg University, Department of Applied Environmental Science, P.O. Box 464, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden -
| | - Jonas Lemel
- Jonas Lemel*, Swedish Association for Hunting and Wildlife Management Research Unit, Bäcklösavägen 8, SE 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden -
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96
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Cahill S, Llimona F, Gràcia J. Spacing and nocturnal activity of wild boarSus scrofain a Mediterranean metropolitan park. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.2003.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seán Cahill
- Seán Cahill & Francesc Llimona, Estació Biològica de Can Balasc, Parc de Collserola, Carretera de l'Esglesia, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain - e-mail addresses: (Seán Cahill); (Francesc Llimona)
| | - Francesc Llimona
- Seán Cahill & Francesc Llimona, Estació Biològica de Can Balasc, Parc de Collserola, Carretera de l'Esglesia, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain - e-mail addresses: (Seán Cahill); (Francesc Llimona)
| | - Jordi Gràcia
- Jordi Gràcia, Passatge Andana 19, Sant Cugat del Vallés, E-08190 Spain
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97
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Goulding MJ, Roper TJ, Smith GC, Baker SJ. Presence of free-living wild boarSus scrofain southern England. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.2003.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Goulding
- Martin J. Goulding & Graham C. Smith, Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ - e-mail addresses: (Martin J. Goulding); (Graham C. Smith)
| | - Timothy J. Roper
- Timothy J. Roper, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG - e- mail:
| | - Graham C. Smith
- Martin J. Goulding & Graham C. Smith, Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ - e-mail addresses: (Martin J. Goulding); (Graham C. Smith)
| | - Simon J. Baker
- Simon J. Baker, Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Brooklands Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2BL -
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98
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Goulding MJ, Roper TJ. Press responses to the presence of free-living Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in southern England. Mamm Rev 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2907.2002.00109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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99
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Meriggi A, Sacchi O. Habitat requirements of wild boars in the northern Apennines (N Italy): A multi‐level approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/11250000109356382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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100
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LEAPER R, MASSEI G, GORMAN ML, ASPINALL R. The feasibility of reintroducing Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) to Scotland. Mamm Rev 1999. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2907.1999.2940239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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