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Fabbri G, Molinaro L, Mucci N, Pagani L, Scandura M. Anthropogenic hybridization and its influence on the adaptive potential of the Sardinian wild boar (Sus scrofa meridionalis). J Appl Genet 2023; 64:521-530. [PMID: 37369962 PMCID: PMC10457222 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The wild boar (Sus scrofa meridionalis) arrived in Sardinia with the first human settlers in the early Neolithic with the potential to hybridize with the domestic pig (S. s. domesticus) throughout its evolution on the island. In this paper, we investigated the possible microevolutionary effects of such introgressive hybridization on the present wild boar population, comparing Sardinian wild specimens with several commercial pig breeds and Sardinian local pigs, along with a putatively unadmixed wild boar population from Central Italy, all genotyped with a medium density SNP chip. We first aimed at identifying hybrids in the population using different approaches, then examined genomic regions enriched for domestic alleles in the hybrid group, and finally we applied two methods to find regions under positive selection to possibly highlight instances of domestic adaptive introgression into a wild population. We found three hybrids within the Sardinian sample (3.1% out of the whole dataset). We reported 11 significant windows under positive selection with a method that looks for overly differentiated loci in the target population, compared with other two populations. We also identified 82 genomic regions with signs of selection in the domestic pig but not in the wild boar, two of which overlapped with genomic regions enriched for domestic alleles in the hybrid pool. Genes in these regions can be linked with reproductive success. Given our results, domestic introgression does not seem to be pervasive in the Sardinian wild boar. Nevertheless, we suggest monitoring the possible spread of advantageous domestic alleles in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fabbri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2A, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Molinaro
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nadia Mucci
- Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Pagani
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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2
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Merli E, Mattioli L, Bassi E, Bongi P, Berzi D, Ciuti F, Luccarini S, Morimando F, Viviani V, Caniglia R, Galaverni M, Fabbri E, Scandura M, Apollonio M. Estimating Wolf Population Size and Dynamics by Field Monitoring and Demographic Models: Implications for Management and Conservation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1735. [PMID: 37889658 PMCID: PMC10252110 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We estimated the current size and dynamics of the wolf population in Tuscany and investigated the trends and demographic drivers of population changes. Estimates were obtained by two different approaches: (i) mixed-technique field monitoring (from 2014 to 2016) that found the minimum observed pack number and estimated population size, and (ii) an individual-based model (run by Vortex software v. 10.3.8.0) with demographic inputs derived from a local intensive study area and historic data on population size. Field monitoring showed a minimum population size of 558 wolves (SE = 12.005) in 2016, with a density of 2.74 individuals/100 km2. The population model described an increasing trend with an average annual rate of increase λ = 1.075 (SE = 0.014), an estimated population size of about 882 individuals (SE = 9.397) in 2016, and a density of 4.29 wolves/100 km2. Previously published estimates of wolf population were as low as 56.2% compared to our field monitoring estimation and 34.6% in comparison to our model estimation. We conducted sensitivity tests to analyze the key parameters driving population changes based on juvenile and adult mortality rates, female breeding success, and litter size. Mortality rates played a major role in determining intrinsic growth rate changes, with adult mortality accounting for 62.5% of the total variance explained by the four parameters. Juvenile mortality was responsible for 35.8% of the variance, while female breeding success and litter size had weak or negligible effects. We concluded that reliable estimates of population abundance and a deeper understanding of the role of different demographic parameters in determining population dynamics are crucial to define and carry out appropriate conservation and management strategies to address human-wildlife conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Merli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Luca Mattioli
- Wildlife Service, Tuscany Region, 50127 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Bassi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Bongi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Duccio Berzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Siriano Luccarini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Federico Morimando
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Viviana Viviani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Romolo Caniglia
- Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Elena Fabbri
- Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Apollonio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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3
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Illarietti T, Acevedo P, Alves P, Jung TS, Kierdorf H, Lach G, López-Olvera J, Putman R, Scandura M, Vallinoto M, Gortázar C. 18 years of the European Journal of Wildlife Research: profile and prospects. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-022-01635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Lecis R, Dondina O, Orioli V, Biosa D, Canu A, Fabbri G, Iacolina L, Cossu A, Bani L, Apollonio M, Scandura M. Main roads and land cover shaped the genetic structure of a Mediterranean island wild boar population. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8804. [PMID: 35414901 PMCID: PMC8986547 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patterns of genetic differentiation within and among animal populations might vary due to the simple effect of distance or landscape features hindering gene flow. An assessment of how landscape connectivity affects gene flow can help guide management, especially in fragmented landscapes. Our objective was to analyze population genetic structure and landscape genetics of the native wild boar (Sus scrofa meridionalis) population inhabiting the island of Sardinia (Italy), and test for the existence of Isolation-by-Distance (IBD), Isolation-by-Barrier (IBB), and Isolation-by-Resistance (IBR). A total of 393 Sardinian wild boar samples were analyzed using a set of 16 microsatellite loci. Signals of genetic introgression from introduced non-native wild boars or from domestic pigs were revealed by a Bayesian cluster analysis including 250 reference individuals belonging to European wild populations and domestic breeds. After removal of introgressed individuals, genetic structure in the population was investigated by different statistical approaches, supporting a partition into five discrete subpopulations, corresponding to five geographic areas on the island: north-west (NW), central west (CW), south-west (SW), north-central east (NCE), and south-east (SE). To test the IBD, IBB, and IBR hypotheses, we optimized resistance surfaces using genetic algorithms and linear mixed-effects models with a maximum likelihood population effects parameterization. Landscape genetics analyses revealed that genetic discontinuities between subpopulations can be explained by landscape elements, suggesting that main roads, urban settings, and intensively cultivated areas are hampering gene flow (and thus individual movements) within the Sardinian wild boar population. Our results reveal how human-transformed landscapes can affect genetic connectivity even in a large-sized and highly mobile mammal such as the wild boar, and provide crucial information to manage the spread of pathogens, including the African Swine Fever virus, endemic in Sardinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lecis
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Olivia Dondina
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano BicoccaMilanoItaly
| | - Valerio Orioli
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano BicoccaMilanoItaly
| | - Daniela Biosa
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Antonio Canu
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Giulia Fabbri
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Laura Iacolina
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information TechnologiesUniversity of PrimorskaKoperSlovenia
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | - Antonio Cossu
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Luciano Bani
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano BicoccaMilanoItaly
| | - Marco Apollonio
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SassariSassariItaly
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5
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Scandura M, Fabbri G, Caniglia R, Iacolina L, Mattucci F, Mengoni C, Pante G, Apollonio M, Mucci N. Resilience to Historical Human Manipulations in the Genomic Variation of Italian Wild Boar Populations. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.833081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities can globally modify natural ecosystems determining ecological, demographic and range perturbations for several animal species. These changes can jeopardize native gene pools in different ways, leading either to genetic homogenization, or conversely, to the split into genetically divergent demes. In the past decades, most European wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations were heavily managed by humans. Anthropic manipulations have strongly affected also Italian populations through heavy hunting, translocations and reintroductions that might have deeply modified their original gene pools. In this study, exploiting the availability of the well-mapped porcine genome, we applied genomic tools to explore genome-wide variability in Italian wild boar populations, investigate their genetic structure and detect signatures of possible introgression from domestic pigs and non-native wild boar. Genomic data from 134 wild boar sampled in six areas of peninsular Italy and in Sardinia were gathered using the Illumina Porcine SNP60 BeadChip (60k Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms – SNPs) and compared with reference genotypes from European specimens and from domestic pigs (both commercial and Italian local breeds), using multivariate and maximum-likelihood approaches. Pairwise FST values, multivariate analysis and assignment procedures indicated that Italian populations were highly differentiated from all the other analyzed European wild boar populations. Overall, a lower heterozygosity was found in the Italian population than in the other European regions. The most diverging populations in Castelporziano Presidential Estate and Maremma Regional Park can be the result of long-lasting isolation, reduced population size and genetic drift. Conversely, an unexpected similarity was found among Apennine populations, even at high distances. Signatures of introgression from both non-Italian wild boar and domestic breeds were very limited. To summarize, we successfully applied genome-wide procedures to explore, for the first time, the genomic diversity of Italian wild boar, demonstrating that they represent a strongly heterogeneous assemblage of demes with different demographic and manipulation histories. Nonetheless, our results suggest that a native component of genomic variation is predominant over exogenous ones in most populations.
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Lugli F, Caniglia R, Mattioli L, Fabbri E, Mencucci M, Cappai N, Mucci N, Apollonio M, Scandura M. Lifelong non-invasive genetic monitoring of a philopatric female wolf in the Tuscan Apennines, Italy. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Yang B, Cui L, Perez-Enciso M, Traspov A, Crooijmans RPMA, Zinovieva N, Schook LB, Archibald A, Gatphayak K, Knorr C, Triantafyllidis A, Alexandri P, Semiadi G, Hanotte O, Dias D, Dovč P, Uimari P, Iacolina L, Scandura M, Groenen MAM, Huang L, Megens HJ. Correction to: Genome-wide SNP data unveils the globalization of domesticated pigs. Genet Sel Evol 2020; 52:30. [PMID: 32498680 PMCID: PMC7271531 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-020-00549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Leilei Cui
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Miguel Perez-Enciso
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Consortium, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Catala de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Carrer de Lluís Companys, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleksei Traspov
- All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Dubrovitzy, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | - Natalia Zinovieva
- All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Dubrovitzy, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Alan Archibald
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kesinee Gatphayak
- Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Christophe Knorr
- Division of Biotechnology and Reproduction of Livestock, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alex Triantafyllidis
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloníki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panoraia Alexandri
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloníki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gono Semiadi
- Research Centre for Biology-Zoology Division, LIPI, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Notttingham, UK
| | - Deodália Dias
- Faculdade de Ciências and CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Dovč
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pekka Uimari
- Animal Breeding, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Iacolina
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark.,Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Martien A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lusheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Hendrik-Jan Megens
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Bassi E, Gazzola A, Bongi P, Scandura M, Apollonio M. Relative impact of human harvest and wolf predation on two ungulate species in Central Italy. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bassi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - Andrea Gazzola
- Association for the Conservation of Biological Diversity (ACDB) Focşani Romania
| | - Paolo Bongi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - Marco Apollonio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassari Sassari Italy
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9
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Acevedo P, Croft S, Smith G, Blanco‐Aguiar JA, Fernández‐López J, Scandura M, Apollonio M, Ferroglio E, Keuling O, Sange M, Zanet S, Brivio F, Podgorski T, Petrovic K, Soriguer R, Vicente J. Update of occurrence and hunting yield‐based data models for wild boar at European scale: new approach to handle the bioregion effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2020.en-1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Caniglia R, Galaverni M, Velli E, Mattucci F, Canu A, Apollonio M, Mucci N, Scandura M, Fabbri E. A standardized approach to empirically define reliable assignment thresholds and appropriate management categories in deeply introgressed populations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2862. [PMID: 32071323 PMCID: PMC7028925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic hybridization is recognized as a major threat to the long-term survival of natural populations. While identifying F1 hybrids might be simple, the detection of older admixed individuals is far from trivial and it is still debated whether they should be targets of management. Examples of anthropogenic hybridization have been described between wolves and domestic dogs, with numerous cases detected in the Italian wolf population. After selecting appropriate wild and domestic reference populations, we used empirical and simulated 39-autosomal microsatellite genotypes, Bayesian assignment and performance analyses to develop a workflow to detect different levels of wolf x dog admixture. Membership proportions to the wild cluster (qiw) and performance indexes identified two q-thresholds which allowed to efficiently classify the analysed genotypes into three assignment classes: pure (with no or negligible domestic ancestry), older admixed (with a marginal domestic ancestry) and recent admixed (with a clearly detectable domestic ancestry) animals. Based on their potential to spread domestic variants, such classes were used to define three corresponding management categories: operational pure, introgressed and operational hybrid individuals. Our multiple-criteria approach can help wildlife managers and decision makers in more efficiently targeting the available resources for the long-term conservation of species threatened by anthropogenic hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romolo Caniglia
- Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Ozzano dell' Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Edoardo Velli
- Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Ozzano dell' Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Mattucci
- Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Ozzano dell' Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Canu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Apollonio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Nadia Mucci
- Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Ozzano dell' Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Ozzano dell' Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Vicente J, Apollonio M, Blanco-Aguiar JA, Borowik T, Brivio F, Casaer J, Croft S, Ericsson G, Ferroglio E, Gavier-Widen D, Gortázar C, Jansen PA, Keuling O, Kowalczyk R, Petrovic K, Plhal R, Podgórski T, Sange M, Scandura M, Schmidt K, Smith GC, Soriguer R, Thulke HH, Zanet S, Acevedo P. Science-based wildlife disease response. Science 2019; 364:943-944. [PMID: 31171687 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Vicente
- National Institute on Wildlife Research (IREC), University of Castilla-La Mancha and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ciudad Real, Spain. .,E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marco Apollonio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jose A Blanco-Aguiar
- National Institute on Wildlife Research (IREC), University of Castilla-La Mancha and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Tomasz Borowik
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Francesca Brivio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jim Casaer
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Croft
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Sand Hutton, York, UK
| | - Göran Ericsson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden
| | | | | | - Christian Gortázar
- National Institute on Wildlife Research (IREC), University of Castilla-La Mancha and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Oliver Keuling
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rafał Kowalczyk
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Karolina Petrovic
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Radim Plhal
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland.,Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Sange
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Graham C Smith
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Sand Hutton, York, UK
| | - Ramon Soriguer
- E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | | | - Pelayo Acevedo
- National Institute on Wildlife Research (IREC), University of Castilla-La Mancha and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ciudad Real, Spain.,E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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12
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Khederzadeh S, Kusza S, Huang C, Markov N, Scandura M, Babaev E, Šprem N, Seryodkin IV, Paule L, Esmailizadeh A, Xie H, Zhang Y. Maternal genomic variability of the wild boar ( Sus scrofa) reveals the uniqueness of East-Caucasian and Central Italian populations. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:9467-9478. [PMID: 31534669 PMCID: PMC6745674 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylogeography of the European wild boar was mainly determined by postglacial recolonization patterns from Mediterranean refugia after the last ice age. Here we present the first analysis of SNP polymorphism within the complete mtDNA genome of West Russian (n = 8), European (n = 64), and North African (n = 5) wild boar. Our analyses provided evidence of unique lineages in the East-Caucasian (Dagestan) region and in Central Italy. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that these lineages are basal to the other European mtDNA sequences. We also show close connection between the Western Siberian and Eastern European populations. Also, the North African samples were clustered with the Iberian population. Phylogenetic trees and migration modeling revealed a high proximity of Dagestan sequences to those of Central Italy and suggested possible gene flow between Western Asia and Southern Europe which was not directly related to Northern and Central European lineages. Our results support the presence of old maternal lineages in two Southern glacial refugia (i.e., Caucasus and the Italian peninsula), as a legacy of an ancient wave of colonization of Southern Europe from an Eastern origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Khederzadeh
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Szilvia Kusza
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Cui‐Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Nickolay Markov
- Department of Game Animals' Ecology, Institute of Plant and Animal EcologyUral Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesYekaterinburgRussia
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Elmar Babaev
- Caspian Institute of Biological ResourcesMakhachkalaRussia
| | - Nikica Šprem
- Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivan V. Seryodkin
- Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RASVladivostokRussia
- Far Eastern Federal UniversityVladivostokRussia
| | - Ladislav Paule
- Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Ali Esmailizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanIran
| | - Hai‐Bing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Ya‐Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
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Donfrancesco V, Ciucci P, Salvatori V, Benson D, Andersen LW, Bassi E, Blanco JC, Boitani L, Caniglia R, Canu A, Capitani C, Chapron G, Czarnomska SD, Fabbri E, Galaverni M, Galov A, Gimenez O, Godinho R, Greco C, Hindrikson M, Huber D, Hulva P, Jedrzejewski W, Kusak J, Linnell JDC, Llaneza L, López-Bao JV, Männil P, Marucco F, Mattioli L, Milanesi P, Milleret C, Mysłajek RW, Ordiz A, Palacios V, Pedersen HC, Pertoldi C, Pilot M, Randi E, Rodríguez A, Saarma U, Sand H, Scandura M, Stronen AV, Tsingarska E, Mukherjee N. Unravelling the Scientific Debate on How to Address Wolf-Dog Hybridization in Europe. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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14
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Iacolina L, Pertoldi C, Amills M, Kusza S, Megens HJ, Bâlteanu VA, Bakan J, Cubric-Curik V, Oja R, Saarma U, Scandura M, Šprem N, Stronen AV. Hotspots of recent hybridization between pigs and wild boars in Europe. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17372. [PMID: 30478374 PMCID: PMC6255867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After a strong demographic decline before World War II, wild boar populations are expanding and the species is now the second-most abundant ungulate in Europe. This increase raises concerns due to wild boar impact on crops and natural ecosystems and as potential vector of diseases. Additionally, wild boar can hybridize with domestic pigs, which could increase health risks and alter wild boar adaptive potential. We analysed 47,148 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in wild boar from Europe (292) and the Near East (16), and commercial (44) and local (255) pig breeds, to discern patterns of hybridization across Europe. We identified 33 wild boars with more than 10% domestic ancestry in their genome, mostly concentrated in Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Serbia. This difference is probably due to contrasting practices, with free-ranging vs. industrial farming but more samples would be needed to investigate larger geographic patterns. Our results suggest hybridization has occurred over a long period and is still ongoing, as we observed recent hybrids. Although wild and domestic populations have maintained their genetic distinctiveness, potential health threats raise concerns and require implementation of management actions and farming practices aimed at reducing contact between wild and domestic pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iacolina
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark. .,Aalborg Zoo, Mølleparkvej 63, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.,Aalborg Zoo, Mølleparkvej 63, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marcel Amills
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.,Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Szilvia Kusza
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hendrik-Jan Megens
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708PD, The Netherlands
| | - Valentin Adrian Bâlteanu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jana Bakan
- Technical University of Zvolen, Department of Phytology, Ul. T. G. Masaryka 24, 96053, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Vlatka Cubric-Curik
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ragne Oja
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Muroni 25, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Nikica Šprem
- Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Astrid Vik Stronen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Mattioli L, Canu A, Passilongo D, Scandura M, Apollonio M. Estimation of pack density in grey wolf ( Canis lupus) by applying spatially explicit capture-recapture models to camera trap data supported by genetic monitoring. Front Zool 2018; 15:38. [PMID: 30305834 PMCID: PMC6171198 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-018-0281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Density estimation is a key issue in wildlife management but is particularly challenging and labour-intensive for elusive species. Recently developed approaches based on remotely collected data and capture-recapture models, though representing a valid alternative to more traditional methods, have found little application to species with limited morphological variation. We implemented a camera trap capture-recapture study to survey wolf packs in a 560-km2 area of Central Italy. Individual recognition of focal animals (alpha) in the packs was possible by relying on morphological and behavioural traits and was validated by non-invasive genotyping and inter-observer agreement tests. Two types (Bayesian and likelihood-based) of spatially explicit capture-recapture (SCR) models were fitted on wolf pack capture histories, thus obtaining an estimation of pack density in the area. Results In two sessions of camera trapping surveys (2014 and 2015), we detected a maximum of 12 wolf packs. A Bayesian model implementing a half-normal detection function without a trap-specific response provided the most robust result, corresponding to a density of 1.21 ± 0.27 packs/100 km2 in 2015. Average pack size varied from 3.40 (summer 2014, excluding pups and lone-transient wolves) to 4.17 (late winter-spring 2015, excluding lone-transient wolves). Conclusions We applied for the first time a camera-based SCR approach in wolves, providing the first robust estimate of wolf pack density for an area of Italy. We showed that this method is applicable to wolves under the following conditions: i) the existence of sufficient phenotypic/behavioural variation and the recognition of focal individuals (i.e. alpha, verified by non-invasive genotyping); ii) the investigated area is sufficiently large to include a minimum number of packs (ideally 10); iii) a pilot study is carried out to pursue an adequate sampling design and to train operators on individual wolf recognition. We believe that replicating this approach in other areas can allow for an assessment of density variation across the wolf range and would provide a reliable reference parameter for ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mattioli
- Settore Attività Faunistico Venatoria, Pesca Dilettantistica, Pesca in mare, Regione Toscana, Via A. Testa 2, I-52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Antonio Canu
- 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Daniela Passilongo
- 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimo Scandura
- 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Apollonio
- 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
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16
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Keuling O, Sange M, Acevedo P, Podgorski T, Smith G, Scandura M, Apollonio M, Ferroglio E, Vicente J. Guidance on estimation of wild boar population abundance and density: methods, challenges, possibilities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2018.en-1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Yang B, Cui L, Perez-Enciso M, Traspov A, Crooijmans RPMA, Zinovieva N, Schook LB, Archibald A, Gatphayak K, Knorr C, Triantafyllidis A, Alexandri P, Semiadi G, Hanotte O, Dias D, Dovč P, Uimari P, Iacolina L, Scandura M, Groenen MAM, Huang L, Megens HJ. Genome-wide SNP data unveils the globalization of domesticated pigs. Genet Sel Evol 2017; 49:71. [PMID: 28934946 PMCID: PMC5609043 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-017-0345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigs were domesticated independently in Eastern and Western Eurasia early during the agricultural revolution, and have since been transported and traded across the globe. Here, we present a worldwide survey on 60K genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 2093 pigs, including 1839 domestic pigs representing 122 local and commercial breeds, 215 wild boars, and 39 out-group suids, from Asia, Europe, America, Oceania and Africa. The aim of this study was to infer global patterns in pig domestication and diversity related to demography, migration, and selection. RESULTS A deep phylogeographic division reflects the dichotomy between early domestication centers. In the core Eastern and Western domestication regions, Chinese pigs show differentiation between breeds due to geographic isolation, whereas this is less pronounced in European pigs. The inferred European origin of pigs in the Americas, Africa, and Australia reflects European expansion during the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Human-mediated introgression, which is due, in particular, to importing Chinese pigs into the UK during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, played an important role in the formation of modern pig breeds. Inbreeding levels vary markedly between populations, from almost no runs of homozygosity (ROH) in a number of Asian wild boar populations, to up to 20% of the genome covered by ROH in a number of Southern European breeds. Commercial populations show moderate ROH statistics. For domesticated pigs and wild boars in Asia and Europe, we identified highly differentiated loci that include candidate genes related to muscle and body development, central nervous system, reproduction, and energy balance, which are putatively under artificial selection. CONCLUSIONS Key events related to domestication, dispersal, and mixing of pigs from different regions are reflected in the 60K SNP data, including the globalization that has recently become full circle since Chinese pig breeders in the past decades started selecting Western breeds to improve local Chinese pigs. Furthermore, signatures of ongoing and past selection, acting at different times and on different genetic backgrounds, enhance our insight in the mechanism of domestication and selection. The global diversity statistics presented here highlight concerns for maintaining agrodiversity, but also provide a necessary framework for directing genetic conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Leilei Cui
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Miguel Perez-Enciso
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Consortium, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Institut Catala de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Carrer de Lluís Companys, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleksei Traspov
- All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Dubrovitzy, Moscow Region Russia
| | | | - Natalia Zinovieva
- All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Dubrovitzy, Moscow Region Russia
| | - Lawrence B. Schook
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Champaign, IL USA
| | - Alan Archibald
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kesinee Gatphayak
- Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Christophe Knorr
- Division of Biotechnology and Reproduction of Livestock, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alex Triantafyllidis
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloníki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panoraia Alexandri
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloníki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gono Semiadi
- Research Centre for Biology- Zoology Division, LIPI, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Notttingham, UK
| | - Deodália Dias
- Faculdade de Ciências and CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Dovč
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pekka Uimari
- Animal Breeding, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Iacolina
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Lusheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Hendrik-Jan Megens
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Rezic A, Bošković I, Lubinu P, Piria M, Florijančić T, Scandura M, Šprem N. Dimorphism in the Skull Form of Golden Jackals (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Western Balkans: A Geometric Morphometric Approach. PAK J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.3.989.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Canu A, Mattioli L, Santini A, Apollonio M, Scandura M. ‘Video-scats’: combining camera trapping and non-invasive genotyping to assess individual identity and hybrid status in gray wolf. Wildlife Biology 2017. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Canu
- A. Canu, M. Apollonio and M. Scandura , Dept. of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, Univ. of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy. AC also at: C.I.R.Se.M.A.F. Firenze, Italy
| | - Luca Mattioli
- L. Mattioli, Regione Toscana, Settore Attività Faunistico Venatoria, Pesca Dilettantistica, Pesca in Mare, Arezzo, Italy
| | | | - Marco Apollonio
- A. Canu, M. Apollonio and M. Scandura , Dept. of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, Univ. of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy. AC also at: C.I.R.Se.M.A.F. Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimo Scandura
- A. Canu, M. Apollonio and M. Scandura , Dept. of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, Univ. of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy. AC also at: C.I.R.Se.M.A.F. Firenze, Italy
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20
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Canu A, Vilaça S, Iacolina L, Apollonio M, Bertorelle G, Scandura M. Lack of polymorphism at the MC1R wild-type allele and evidence of domestic allele introgression across European wild boar populations. Mamm Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Iacolina L, Brajković V, Canu A, Šprem N, Cubric-Curik V, Fontanesi L, Saarma U, Apollonio M, Scandura M. Novel Y-chromosome short tandem repeats in Sus scrofa and their variation in European wild boar and domestic pig populations. Anim Genet 2016; 47:682-690. [PMID: 27558303 DOI: 10.1111/age.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Y-chromosome markers are important tools for studying male-specific gene flow within and between populations, hybridization patterns and kinship. However, their use in non-human mammals is often hampered by the lack of Y-specific polymorphic markers. We identified new male-specific short tandem repeats (STRs) in Sus scrofa using the available genome sequence. We selected four polymorphic loci (5-10 alleles per locus), falling in one duplicated and two single-copy regions. A total of 32 haplotypes were found by screening 211 individuals from eight wild boar populations across Europe and five domestic pig populations. European wild boar were characterized by significantly higher levels of haplotype diversity compared to European domestic pigs (HD = 0.904 ± 0.011 and HD = 0.491 ± 0.077 respectively). Relationships among STR haplotypes were investigated by combining them with single nucleotide polymorphisms at two linked genes (AMELY and UTY) in a network analysis. A differentiation between wild and domestic populations was observed (FST = 0.229), with commercial breeds sharing no Y haplotype with the sampled wild boar. Similarly, a certain degree of geographic differentiation was observed across Europe, with a number of local private haplotypes and high diversity in northern populations. The described Y-chromosome markers can be useful to track male inheritance and gene flow in wild and domestic populations, promising to provide insights into evolutionary and population genetics in Sus scrofa.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iacolina
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, via Muroni 25, Sassari, I-07100, Italy. .,Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark.
| | - V Brajković
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - A Canu
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, via Muroni 25, Sassari, I-07100, Italy
| | - N Šprem
- Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - V Cubric-Curik
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - L Fontanesi
- Division of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, Bologna, I-40127, Italy
| | - U Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - M Apollonio
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, via Muroni 25, Sassari, I-07100, Italy
| | - M Scandura
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, via Muroni 25, Sassari, I-07100, Italy
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Iacolina L, Scandura M, Goedbloed DJ, Alexandri P, Crooijmans RPMA, Larson G, Archibald A, Apollonio M, Schook LB, Groenen MAM, Megens HJ. Genomic diversity and differentiation of a managed island wild boar population. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 116:60-7. [PMID: 26243137 PMCID: PMC4675874 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of island populations in natural systems is driven by local adaptation and genetic drift. However, evolutionary pathways may be altered by humans in several ways. The wild boar (WB) (Sus scrofa) is an iconic game species occurring in several islands, where it has been strongly managed since prehistoric times. We examined genomic diversity at 49 803 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 99 Sardinian WBs and compared them with 196 wild specimens from mainland Europe and 105 domestic pigs (DP; 11 breeds). High levels of genetic variation were observed in Sardinia (80.9% of the total number of polymorphisms), which can be only in part associated to recent genetic introgression. Both Principal Component Analysis and Bayesian clustering approach revealed that the Sardinian WB population is highly differentiated from the other European populations (FST=0.126–0.138), and from DP (FST=0.169). Such evidences were mostly unaffected by an uneven sample size, although clustering results in reference populations changed when the number of individuals was standardized. Runs of homozygosity (ROHs) pattern and distribution in Sardinian WB are consistent with a past expansion following a bottleneck (small ROHs) and recent population substructuring (highly homozygous individuals). The observed effect of a non-random selection of Sardinian individuals on diversity, FST and ROH estimates, stressed the importance of sampling design in the study of structured or introgressed populations. Our results support the heterogeneity and distinctiveness of the Sardinian population and prompt further investigations on its origins and conservation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iacolina
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - M Scandura
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - D J Goedbloed
- Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P Alexandri
- Wageningen University, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R P M A Crooijmans
- Wageningen University, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Larson
- Durham Evolution and Ancient DNA, Durham University, Department of Archaeology, Durham, UK
| | - A Archibald
- The Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Midlothian, UK
| | - M Apollonio
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - L B Schook
- University of Illinois, Laboratory of Comparative Genomics, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - M A M Groenen
- Wageningen University, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H-J Megens
- Wageningen University, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Biosa D, Scandura M, Tagliavini J, Luccarini S, Mattioli L, Apollonio M. Patterns of genetic admixture between roe deer of different origin in central Italy. J Mammal 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Biosa D, Grignolio S, Sica N, Pagon N, Scandura M, Apollonio M. Do relatives like to stay closer? Spatial organization and genetic relatedness in a mountain roe deer population. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Biosa
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - S. Grignolio
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - N. Sica
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - N. Pagon
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - M. Scandura
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - M. Apollonio
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources University of Sassari Sassari Italy
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Podgórski
- Mammal Research Institute; Polish Academy of Sciences; Białowieża Poland
| | - M. Scandura
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - B. Jędrzejewska
- Mammal Research Institute; Polish Academy of Sciences; Białowieża Poland
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26
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Podgórski T, Lusseau D, Scandura M, Sönnichsen L, Jędrzejewska B. Long-lasting, kin-directed female interactions in a spatially structured wild boar social network. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99875. [PMID: 24919178 PMCID: PMC4053407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals can increase inclusive fitness benefits through a complex network of social interactions directed towards kin. Preferential relationships with relatives lead to the emergence of kin structures in the social system. Cohesive social groups of related individuals and female philopatry of wild boar create conditions for cooperation through kin selection and make the species a good biological model for studying kin structures. Yet, the role of kinship in shaping the social structure of wild boar populations is still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated spatio-temporal patterns of associations and the social network structure of the wild boar Sus scrofa population in Białowieża National Park, Poland, which offered a unique opportunity to understand wild boar social interactions away from anthropogenic factors. We used a combination of telemetry data and genetic information to examine the impact of kinship on network cohesion and the strength of social bonds. Relatedness and spatial proximity between individuals were positively related to the strength of social bond. Consequently, the social network was spatially and genetically structured with well-defined and cohesive social units. However, spatial proximity between individuals could not entirely explain the association patterns and network structure. Genuine, kin-targeted, and temporarily stable relationships of females extended beyond spatial proximity between individuals while males interactions were short-lived and not shaped by relatedness. The findings of this study confirm the matrilineal nature of wild boar social structure and show how social preferences of individuals translate into an emergent socio-genetic population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Podgórski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - David Lusseau
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Leif Sönnichsen
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
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Aghbolaghi MA, Rezaei HR, Scandura M, Kaboli M. Low gene flow between Iranian Grey Wolves(Canis lupus)and dogs documented using uniparental genetic markers. Zoology in the Middle East 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2014.914708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kusza S, Podgórski T, Scandura M, Borowik T, Jávor A, Sidorovich VE, Bunevich AN, Kolesnikov M, Jędrzejewska B. Contemporary genetic structure, phylogeography and past demographic processes of wild boar Sus scrofa population in Central and Eastern Europe. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91401. [PMID: 24622149 PMCID: PMC3951376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is one of the most widely distributed mammals in Europe. Its demography was affected by various events in the past and today populations are increasing throughout Europe. We examined genetic diversity, structure and population dynamics of wild boar in Central and Eastern Europe. MtDNA control region (664 bp) was sequenced in 254 wild boar from six countries (Poland, Hungary, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and the European part of Russia). We detected 16 haplotypes, all known from previous studies in Europe; 14 of them belonged to European 1 (E1) clade, including 13 haplotypes from E1-C and one from E1-A lineages. Two haplotypes belonged respectively to the East Asian and the Near Eastern clade. Both haplotypes were found in Russia and most probably originated from the documented translocations of wild boar. The studied populations showed moderate haplotype (0.714±0.023) and low nucleotide diversity (0.003±0.002). SAMOVA grouped the genetic structuring of Central and Eastern European wild boar into three subpopulations, comprising of: (1) north-eastern Belarus and the European part of Russia, (2) Poland, Ukraine, Moldova and most of Belarus, and (3) Hungary. The multimodal mismatch distribution, Fu's Fs index, Bayesian skyline plot and the high occurrence of shared haplotypes among populations did not suggest strong demographic fluctuations in wild boar numbers in the Holocene and pre-Holocene times. This study showed relatively weak genetic diversity and structure in Central and Eastern European wild boar populations and underlined gaps in our knowledge on the role of southern refugia and demographic processes shaping genetic diversity of wild boar in this part of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Kusza
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tomasz Borowik
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - András Jávor
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vadim E. Sidorovich
- Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Aleksei N. Bunevich
- State National Park Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Brest Oblast, Kamenec Raion, Kamenyuki, Belarus
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Canu A, Scandura M, Luchetti S, Cossu A, Iacolina L, Bazzanti M, Apollonio M. Influence of management regime and population history on genetic diversity and population structure of brown hares (Lepus europaeus) in an Italian province. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-013-0731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bassi E, Donaggio E, Marcon A, Scandura M, Apollonio M. Trophic niche overlap and wild ungulate consumption by red fox and wolf in a mountain area in Italy. Mamm Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Canu A, Suchentrunk F, Cossu A, Foddai R, Iacolina L, Ben Slimen H, Apollonio M, Scandura M. Differentiation under isolation and genetic structure of Sardinian hares as revealed by craniometric analysis, mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2012.00671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mattioli L, Capitani C, Gazzola A, Scandura M, Apollonio M. Prey selection and dietary response by wolves in a high-density multi-species ungulate community. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-011-0503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Scandura M, Iacolina L, Capitani C, Gazzola A, Mattioli L, Apollonio M. Fine-scale genetic structure suggests low levels of short-range gene flow in a wolf population of the Italian Apennines. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-011-0509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Scandura M, Iacolina L, Cossu A, Apollonio M. Effects of human perturbation on the genetic make-up of an island population: the case of the Sardinian wild boar. Heredity (Edinb) 2010; 106:1012-20. [PMID: 21179064 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2010.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Game species are often manipulated by human beings, whose activities can deeply affect their genetic make-up and population structure. We focused on a geographically isolated wild boar population (Sardinia, Italy), which is classified, together with the Corsican population, as a separate subspecies (Sus scrofa meridionalis). Two hundred and ten wild boars collected across Sardinia were analysed with a set of 10 microsatellites and compared with 296 reference genotypes from continental wild populations and to a sample of domestic pigs. The Sardinian population showed remarkable diversity and a high proportion of private alleles, and strongly deviated from the equilibrium. A Bayesian cluster analysis of only the Sardinian sample revealed a partition into five subpopulations. However, two different Bayesian approaches to the assignment of individuals, accounting for different possible source populations, produced consistent results and proved the admixed nature of the Sardinian population. Indeed, introgressive hybridization with boars from multiple sources (Italian peninsula, central Europe, domestic stocks) was detected, although poor evidence of crossbreeding with free-ranging domestic pigs was unexpectedly found. After excluding individuals who carried exotic genes, the population re-entered Hardy-Weinberg proportions and a clear population structure with three subpopulations emerged. Therefore, the inclusion of introgressed animals in the Bayesian analysis implied an overestimation of the number of clusters. Nonetheless, two of them were consistent between analyses and corresponded to highly pure stocks, located, respectively, in north-west and south-west Sardinia. This work shows the critical importance of including adequate reference samples when studying the genetic structure of managed wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scandura
- Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Genetics, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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Iacolina L, Scandura M, Gazzola A, Cappai N, Capitani C, Mattioli L, Vercillo F, Apollonio M. Y-chromosome microsatellite variation in Italian wolves: A contribution to the study of wolf-dog hybridization patterns. Mamm Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Scandura M, Iacolina L, Apollonio M, Dessì-Fulgheri F, Baratti M. Current status of the Sardinian partridge (Alectoris barbara) assessed by molecular markers. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-009-0286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Scandura M, Iacolina L, Crestanello B, Pecchioli E, Di Benedetto MF, Russo V, Davoli R, Apollonio M, Bertorelle G. Ancient vs. recent processes as factors shaping the genetic variation of the European wild boar: are the effects of the last glaciation still detectable? Mol Ecol 2008; 17:1745-62. [PMID: 18371016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The European wild boar is an important game species, subjected to local extinctions and translocations in the past, and currently enormously and worryingly expanding in some areas where management is urgently required. Understanding the relative roles of ancient and recent events in shaping the genetic structure of this species is therefore not only an interesting scientific issue, but it represents also the basis for addressing future management strategies. In addition, several pig breeds descend from the European wild boar, but the geographical location of the domestication area(s) and the possible introgression of pig genomes into wild populations are still open questions. Here, we analysed the genetic variation in different wild boar populations in Europe. Ten polymorphic microsatellites were typed in 252 wild boars and the mtDNA control region was sequenced in a subset of 145 individuals. Some samples from different pig breeds were also analysed. Our results, which were obtained considering also 612 published mtDNA sequences, suggest that (i) most populations are similarly differentiated, but the major discontinuity is found along the Alps; (ii) except for the Italian populations, European wild boars show the signature of a postglacial demographic expansion; (iii) Italian populations seem to preserve a high proportion of preglaciation diversity; (iv) the demographic decline which occurred in some areas in the last few centuries did not produce a noticeable reduction of genetic variation; (v) signs of human-mediated gene flow among populations are weak, although in some regions the effects of translocations are detectable and a low degree of pig introgression can be identified; (vi) the hypothesis of an independent domestication centre in Italy is not supported by our data, which in turn confirm that Central European wild boar might have represented an important source for domestic breeds. We can therefore conclude that recent human activities had a limited effect on the wild boar genetic structure. It follows that areas with high variation and differentiation represent natural reservoirs of genetic diversity to be protected avoiding translocations. In this context controlling some populations by hunting is not expected to affect significantly genetic variation in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scandura
- Dipartimento di Zoologia e Genetica Evoluzionistica, Università di Sassari, via Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Scandura M, Iacolina L, Ben Slimen H, Suchentrunk F, Apollonio M. Mitochondrial CR-1 Variation in Sardinian Hares and Its Relationships with Other Old World Hares (Genus Lepus). Biochem Genet 2007; 45:305-23. [PMID: 17333330 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-007-9076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Among the European fauna, the Sardinian hare (Lepus sp.) is peculiar in that it differs from all other hares inhabiting the continent. Here, we report on the variation of a 461 bp sequence of hypervariable domain 1 of the mitochondrial control region, examined in 42 hares collected throughout Sardinia and compared to the corresponding sequences of different Lepus taxa. Seventeen novel haplotypes were found in the Sardinian population, resulting in a haplotype diversity of 0.840 and a nucleotide diversity of 0.012. As a result of Bayesian and principal coordinates analyses, Sardinian hares were grouped with North African hares, constituting a monophyletic clade that diverges from all other Old World hares, including Cape hares from South Africa and East Asia. Hence, our data agree that populations inhabiting North Africa and Sardinia form a distinct taxon, which could possibly be included in the L. capensis superspecies. Moreover, two corresponding lineages can be found in Sardinia and Tunisia, providing evidence of a common origin of the two populations and thus supporting the hypothesis that North African hares were introduced into the island in historical times. Our data show that the two lineages differ in their geographic distribution throughout the island and that the wild Sardinian population also shows the signature of a postintroduction demographic expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Scandura
- Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Genetics, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Capitani C, Mattioli L, Avanzinelli E, Gazzola A, Lamberti P, Mauri L, Scandura M, Viviani A, Apollonio M. Selection of rendezvous sites and reuse of pup raising areas among wolvesCanis lupus of north-eastern Apennines, Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03195186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Scandura M, Capitani C, Iacolina L, Apollonio M. An empirical approach for reliable microsatellite genotyping of wolf DNA from multiple noninvasive sources. CONSERV GENET 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-006-9216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Capitani C, Bertelli I, Varuzza P, Scandura M, Apollonio M. A comparative analysis of wolf (Canis lupus) diet in three different Italian ecosystems. Mamm Biol 2004. [DOI: 10.1078/1616-5047-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Trillmich F, Brandtmann G, Scandura M. FEMALE-FEMALE CONFLICT IN THE HAREM OF A SNAIL CICHLID (LAMPROLOGUS OCELLATUS): BEHAVIOURAL INTERACTIONS AND FITNESS CONSEQUENCES. BEHAVIOUR 1999. [DOI: 10.1163/156853999501793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFemale intra-sexual competition plays an important role in the settlement process during pair or harem formation and in established harems of Lamprologus ocellatus , a small snail shell inhabiting cichlid from Lake Tanganyika. Larger females settle first and this could partly be due to male preference for larger females as shown in simultaneous choice tests but is also due to dominance of the larger female. Smaller females were unable to settle close to a larger one. Even when snail shells were not limiting the smaller was either unable to settle or had to settle at a considerable distance. This effect was independent of prior residence. Intense female-female aggression suggests that close settlement is disadvantageous to females. Genetic analyses of maternity using microsatellite length polymorphism at five loci showed a reproductive skew between females in a harem. Additionally, it proved brood mixing in aquaria as well as in the field. Brood mixing can be detrimental to female breeding success through interbrood cannibalism if size difference of juveniles amounts to 5 mm. Territoriality of juveniles, shown even between same-sized siblings, may cause indirect mortality through earlier dispersal of young. Females rejected experimentally added larger juveniles but accepted young smaller than their own fry. Acceptance of smaller juveniles could be advantageous through a dilution of predator attacks but it also appears to induce costs since females with young at the shell do not rear another brood. Large median distances of 91 cm maintained aggressively between breeding females in the field may serve to minimize the adverse effects of breeding in a harem.
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Abstract
Both treadmill exercise and arm exercise are used for evaluating coronary artery disease, but arm exercise has lower diagnostic sensitivity. We compared the two exercise modalities with respect to the rate-pressure product at 85% predicted maximal heart rate, a parameter frequently used to denote performance of sufficient exercise to derive clinical conclusions. At this heart rate, treadmill exercise resulted in a significantly greater systemic oxygen consumption (2.7 +/- .8 vs. 2.1 +/- .6 l/min) and rate-pressure product (30.6 +/- 4.4 X 10(3) vs. 28 +/- 3.3 X 10(3)) than arm ergometry. An inability to generate sufficient imbalance of myocardial oxygen supply and demand may account for the relatively higher incidence of false negative exercise tests seen with arm ergometry, especially if the exercise test is stopped when the patient attains 85% predicted maximal heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Coplan
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, New York, NY 10021
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Gleim GW, Marino M, Holly T, Curren M, Scandura M, Nicholas JA. 505. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1987. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198704001-00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gleim GW, Coplan NL, Scandura M, Holly T, Nicholas JA. MYOCARDIAL OXYGEN DEMAND AT EQUIVALENT SYSTEMIC OXYGEN CONSUMPTION FOR 4 DIFFERENT EXERCISE MODES. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1986. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198604001-00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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