51
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Review: Fifty years of research on rumen methanogenesis: lessons learned and future challenges for mitigation. Animal 2020; 14:s2-s16. [PMID: 32024560 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119003100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat and milk from ruminants provide an important source of protein and other nutrients for human consumption. Although ruminants have a unique advantage of being able to consume forages and graze lands not suitable for arable cropping, 2% to 12% of the gross energy consumed is converted to enteric CH4 during ruminal digestion, which contributes approximately 6% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, ruminant producers need to find cost-effective ways to reduce emissions while meeting consumer demand for food. This paper provides a critical review of the substantial amount of ruminant CH4-related research published in past decades, highlighting hydrogen flow in the rumen, the microbiome associated with methanogenesis, current and future prospects for CH4 mitigation and insights into future challenges for science, governments, farmers and associated industries. Methane emission intensity, measured as emissions per unit of meat and milk, has continuously declined over the past decades due to improvements in production efficiency and animal performance, and this trend is expected to continue. However, continued decline in emission intensity will likely be insufficient to offset the rising emissions from increasing demand for animal protein. Thus, decreases in both emission intensity (g CH4/animal product) and absolute emissions (g CH4/day) are needed if the ruminant industries continue to grow. Providing producers with cost-effective options for decreasing CH4 emissions is therefore imperative, yet few cost-effective approaches are currently available. Future abatement may be achieved through animal genetics, vaccine development, early life programming, diet formulation, use of alternative hydrogen sinks, chemical inhibitors and fermentation modifiers. Individually, these strategies are expected to have moderate effects (<20% decrease), with the exception of the experimental inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol for which decreases in CH4 have consistently been greater (20% to 40% decrease). Therefore, it will be necessary to combine strategies to attain the sizable reduction in CH4 needed, but further research is required to determine whether combining anti-methanogenic strategies will have consistent additive effects. It is also not clear whether a decrease in CH4 production leads to consistent improved animal performance, information that will be necessary for adoption by producers. Major constraints for decreasing global enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants are continued expansion of the industry, the cost of mitigation, the difficulty of applying mitigation strategies to grazing ruminants, the inconsistent effects on animal performance and the paucity of information on animal health, reproduction, product quality, cost-benefit, safety and consumer acceptance.
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52
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Pryce JE, Haile-Mariam M. Symposium review: Genomic selection for reducing environmental impact and adapting to climate change. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5366-5375. [PMID: 32331869 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The world has been warming as greenhouse gases accumulate. Worldwide from 1880 to 2012, the average surface temperature has increased by about 0.85°C and by 0.12°C per decade since 1951. The world's cattle population is a contributor to atmospheric methane, a potent greenhouse gas, in addition to suffering from high temperatures combined with humidity. This makes research into reducing the global footprint of dairy cows of importance on a long-term horizon, while improving tolerance to heat could alleviate the effects of rising temperatures. In December 2017, genomic estimated breeding values for heat tolerance in dairy cattle were released for the first time in Australia. Currently, heat tolerance is not included in the Balanced Performance Index (Australia's national selection index), and the correlation between heat tolerance breeding values and Balanced Performance Index is -0.20, so over time, heat tolerance has worsened due to lack of selection pressure. However, in contrast, sizable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions have been achieved as a favorable response to selecting for increased productivity, longevity, and efficiency, with opportunities for even greater gains through selecting for cow emissions directly. Internationally considerable research effort has been made to develop breeding values focused on reducing methane emissions using individual cow phenotypes. This requires (1) definition of breeding objectives and selection criteria and (2) assembling a sufficiently large data set for genomic prediction. Selecting for heat tolerance and reduced emissions directly may improve resilience to changing environments while reducing environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie E Pryce
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Mekonnen Haile-Mariam
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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53
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Tiplady KM, Lopdell TJ, Littlejohn MD, Garrick DJ. The evolving role of Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy in genetic improvement of dairy cattle. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:39. [PMID: 32322393 PMCID: PMC7164258 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 100 years, significant advances have been made in the characterisation of milk composition for dairy cattle improvement programs. Technological progress has enabled a shift from labour intensive, on-farm collection and processing of samples that assess yield and fat levels in milk, to large-scale processing of samples through centralised laboratories, with the scope extended to include quantification of other traits. Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy has had a significant role in the transformation of milk composition phenotyping, with spectral-based predictions of major milk components already being widely used in milk payment and animal evaluation systems globally. Increasingly, there is interest in analysing the individual FT-MIR wavenumbers, and in utilising the FT-MIR data to predict other novel traits of importance to breeding programs. This includes traits related to the nutritional value of milk, the processability of milk into products such as cheese, and traits relevant to animal health and the environment. The ability to successfully incorporate these traits into breeding programs is dependent on the heritability of the FT-MIR predicted traits, and the genetic correlations between the FT-MIR predicted and actual trait values. Linking FT-MIR predicted traits to the underlying mutations responsible for their variation can be difficult because the phenotypic expression of these traits are a function of a diverse range of molecular and biological mechanisms that can obscure their genetic basis. The individual FT-MIR wavenumbers give insights into the chemical composition of milk and provide an additional layer of granularity that may assist with establishing causal links between the genome and observed phenotypes. Additionally, there are other molecular phenotypes such as those related to the metabolome, chromatin accessibility, and RNA editing that could improve our understanding of the underlying biological systems controlling traits of interest. Here we review topics of importance to phenotyping and genetic applications of FT-MIR spectra datasets, and discuss opportunities for consolidating FT-MIR datasets with other genomic and molecular data sources to improve future dairy cattle breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Tiplady
- 1Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Private Bag 3016, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand.,2School of Agriculture, Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - T J Lopdell
- 1Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Private Bag 3016, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - M D Littlejohn
- 1Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Private Bag 3016, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand.,2School of Agriculture, Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - D J Garrick
- 2School of Agriculture, Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
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54
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Bica R, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Kew W, Uhrin D, Pacheco D, Macrae A, Dewhurst RJ. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to Detect Rumen Metabolites Associated with Enteric Methane Emissions from Beef Cattle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5578. [PMID: 32221381 PMCID: PMC7101347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the application of metabolomics to evaluate changes in the rumen metabolites of beef cattle fed with three different diet types: forage-rich, mixed and concentrate-rich. Rumen fluid samples were analysed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and the resulting spectra were used to characterise and compare metabolomic profiles between diet types and assess the potential for NMR metabolite signals to be used as proxies of methane emissions (CH4 in g/kg DMI). The dataset available consisted of 128 measurements taken from 4 experiments with CH4 measurements taken in respiration chambers. Predictive modelling of CH4 was conducted by partial least squares (PLS) regression, fitting calibration models either using metabolite signals only as predictors or using metabolite signals as well as other diet and animal covariates (DMI, ME, weight, BW0.75, DMI/BW0.75). Cross-validated R2 were 0.57 and 0.70 for the two models respectively. The cattle offered the concentrate-rich diet showed increases in alanine, valerate, propionate, glucose, tyrosine, proline and isoleucine. Lower methane yield was associated with the concentrate-rich diet (p < 0.001). The results provided new insight into the relationship between rumen metabolites, CH4 production and diets, as well as showing that metabolites alone have an acceptable association with the variation in CH4 production from beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bica
- Scotland's Rural College, SRUC, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom. .,Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom. .,AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, 11 Dairy Farm Road, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - J Palarea-Albaladejo
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, JCMB, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - W Kew
- The University of Edinburgh, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - D Uhrin
- The University of Edinburgh, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - D Pacheco
- AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, 11 Dairy Farm Road, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - A Macrae
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - R J Dewhurst
- Scotland's Rural College, SRUC, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
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55
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Review: Genetic and genomic selection as a methane mitigation strategy in dairy cattle. Animal 2020; 14:s473-s483. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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56
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Bittante G, Bergamaschi M. Enteric Methane Emissions of Dairy Cows Predicted from Fatty Acid Profiles of Milk, Cream, Cheese, Ricotta, Whey, and Scotta. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010061. [PMID: 31905761 PMCID: PMC7022645 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric methane emissions (EME) of ruminants contribute to global climate change, but any attempt to reduce it will need an easy, inexpensive, and accurate method of quantification. We used a promising indirect method for estimating EMEs of lactating dairy cows based on the analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profile of their milk. The aim of this preliminary study was to assess milk from four single samplings (morning whole, evening whole, evening partially skimmed, and vat milks) as alternatives to reference whole milk samples from two milkings. Three fresh products (cream, cheese, and ricotta), two by-products (whey and scotta), and two long-ripened cheeses (6 and 12 months) were also assessed as alternative sources of information to reference milk. The 11 alternative matrices were obtained from seven experimental cheese- and ricotta-making sessions carried out every two weeks following the artisanal Malga cheese-making procedure using milk from 148 dairy cows kept on summer highland pastures. A total of 131 samples of milk, dairy products, and by-products were analyzed to determine the milk composition and to obtain detailed FA profiles using bi-dimensional gas-chromatography. Two equations taken from a published meta-analysis of methane emissions measured in the respiration chambers of cows on 30 different diets were applied to the proportions of butyric, iso-palmitic, iso-oleic, vaccenic, oleic, and linoleic acids out of total FAs to predict methane yield per kg of dry matter ingested and methane intensity per kg of fat and protein corrected milk produced by the cows. Methane yield and intensity could be predicted from single milk samples with good accuracy (trueness and precision) with respect to those predicted from reference milk. The fresh products (cream, cheese and ricotta) generally showed good levels of trueness but low precision for predicting both EME traits, which means that a greater number of samples needs to be analyzed. Among by-products, whey could be a viable alternative source of information for predicting both EME traits, whereas scotta overestimated both traits and showed low precision (due also to its very low fat content). Long-ripened cheeses were found to be less valuable sources of information, although six-month cheese could, with specific correction factors, be acceptable sources of information for predicting the methane yield of lactating cows. These preliminary results need to be confirmed by further study on different dairy systems and cheese-making technologies but offer new insight into a possible easy method for monitoring the EME at the field level along the dairy chain.
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57
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Bittante G, Cecchinato A. Heritability estimates of enteric methane emissions predicted from fatty acid profiles, and their relationships with milk composition, cheese-yield and body size and condition. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1698979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Bittante
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - A. Cecchinato
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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58
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Williams SRO, Hannah MC, Jacobs JL, Wales WJ, Moate PJ. Volatile Fatty Acids in Ruminal Fluid Can Be Used to Predict Methane Yield of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1006. [PMID: 31757116 PMCID: PMC6941164 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dry matter intake (DMI) of forage-fed cattle can be used to predict their methane emissions. However, many cattle are fed concentrate-rich diets that decrease their methane yield. A range of equations predicting methane yield exist, but most use information that is generally unavailable when animals are fed in groups or grazing. The aim of this research was to develop equations based on proportions of ruminal volatile-fatty-acids to predict methane yield of dairy cows fed forage-dominant as well as concentrate-rich diets. Data were collated from seven experiments with a total of 24 treatments, from 215 cows. Forage in the diets ranged from 440 to 1000 g/kg. Methane was measured either by open-circuit respiration chambers or a sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) technique. In all experiments, ruminal fluid was collected via the mouth approximately four hours after the start of feeding. Seven prediction equations were tested. Methane yield (MY) was equally best predicted by the following equations: MY = 4.08 × (acetate/propionate) + 7.05; MY = 3.28 × (acetate + butyrate)/propionate + 7.6; MY = 316/propionate + 4.4. These equations were validated against independent published data from both dairy and beef cattle consuming a wide range of diets. A concordance of 0.62 suggests these equations may be applicable for predicting methane yield from all cattle and not just dairy cows, with root mean-square error of prediction of 3.0 g CH4/kg dry matter intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Richard O. Williams
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia; (M.C.H.); (J.L.J.); (W.J.W.); (P.J.M.)
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59
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Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from New Zealand pasture-based livestock farm systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2019.81.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of the agricultural greenhouse gases, methane and nitrous oxide is likely to play an important role in New Zealand’s transition to a low-emissions economy. A limited range of options currently exists to reduce emissions from pasture-based livestock farming systems. However, several promising options are under development which have the potential to considerably reduce on-farm emissions, such as inhibitors and vaccines. On-farm forestry can be used to offset emissions through carbon sequestration in trees, but more scientifically robust and consistent evidence is needed if soil carbon sequestration is to be used to offset New Zealand’s greenhouse gas emissions.
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60
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Saborío-Montero A, Gutiérrez-Rivas M, García-Rodríguez A, Atxaerandio R, Goiri I, López de Maturana E, Jiménez-Montero JA, Alenda R, González-Recio O. Structural equation models to disentangle the biological relationship between microbiota and complex traits: Methane production in dairy cattle as a case of study. J Anim Breed Genet 2019; 137:36-48. [PMID: 31617268 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The advent of metagenomics in animal breeding poses the challenge of statistically modelling the relationship between the microbiome, the host genetics and relevant complex traits. A set of structural equation models (SEMs) of a recursive type within a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework was proposed here to jointly analyse the host-metagenome-phenotype relationship. A non-recursive bivariate model was set as benchmark to compare the recursive model. The relative abundance of rumen microbes (RA), methane concentration (CH4 ) and the host genetics was used as a case of study. Data were from 337 Holstein cows from 12 herds in the north and north-west of Spain. Microbial composition from each cow was obtained from whole metagenome sequencing of ruminal content samples using a MinION device from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Methane concentration was measured with Guardian® NG infrared gas monitor from Edinburgh Sensors during cow's visits to the milking automated system. A quarterly average from the methane eructation peaks for each cow was computed and used as phenotype for CH4 . Heritability of CH4 was estimated at 0.12 ± 0.01 in both the recursive and bivariate models. Likewise, heritability estimates for the relative abundance of the taxa overlapped between models and ranged between 0.08 and 0.48. Genetic correlations between the microbial composition and CH4 ranged from -0.76 to 0.65 in the non-recursive bivariate model and from -0.68 to 0.69 in the recursive model. Regardless of the statistical model used, positive genetic correlations with methane were estimated consistently for the seven genera pertaining to the Ciliophora phylum, as well as for those genera belonging to the Euryarchaeota (Methanobrevibacter sp.), Chytridiomycota (Neocallimastix sp.) and Fibrobacteres (Fibrobacter sp.) phyla. These results suggest that rumen's whole metagenome recursively regulates methane emissions in dairy cows and that both CH4 and the microbiota compositions are partially controlled by the host genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Saborío-Montero
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Gutiérrez-Rivas
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Atxaerandio
- Departamento de Producción Animal, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Idoia Goiri
- Departamento de Producción Animal, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Evangelina López de Maturana
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Alenda
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar González-Recio
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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61
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Rey J, Atxaerandio R, Ruiz R, Ugarte E, González-Recio O, Garcia-Rodriguez A, Goiri I. Comparison Between Non-Invasive Methane Measurement Techniques in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9080563. [PMID: 31443321 PMCID: PMC6719248 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Enteric methane emissions pose a serious issue to ruminant production and environmental sustainability. To mitigate methane emissions, combined research efforts have been put into animal handling, feeding and genetic improvement strategies. For all research efforts, it is necessary to record methane emissions from individual cows on a large scale under farming conditions. The objective of this trial was to compare two large-scale, non-invasive methods of measuring methane (non-dispersive infrared methane analyzer (NDIR) and laser), in order to see if they can be used interchangeably. For this, paired measurements were taken with both devices on a herd of dairy cows and compared. Significant sources of disagreement were identified between the methods, such that it would not be possible to use both methods interchangeably without first correcting the sources of disagreement. Abstract The aim of this trial was to study the agreement between the non-dispersive infrared methane analyzer (NDIR) method and the hand held laser methane detector (LMD). Methane (CH4) was measured simultaneously with the two devices totaling 164 paired measurements. The repeatability of the CH4 concentration was greater with the NDIR (0.42) than for the LMD (0.23). However, for the number of peaks, repeatability of the LMD was greater (0.20 vs. 0.14, respectively). Correlation was moderately high and positive for CH4 concentration (0.73 and 0.74, respectively) and number of peaks (0.72 and 0.72, respectively), and the repeated measures correlation and the individual-level correlation were high (0.98 and 0.94, respectively). A moderate concordance correlation coefficient was observed for the CH4 concentration (0.62) and for the number of peaks (0.66). A moderate-high coefficient of individual agreement for the CH4 concentration (0.83) and the number of peaks (0.77) were observed. However, CH4 concentrations population means and all variance components differed between instruments. In conclusion, methane concentration measurements obtained by means of NDIR and LMD cannot be used interchangeably. The joint use of both methods could be considered for genetic selection purposes or for mitigation strategies only if sources of disagreement, which result in different between-subject and within-subject variabilities, are identified and corrected for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoba Rey
- Department of Animal Production, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Granja Modelo de Arkaute, Apdo. 46, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Raquel Atxaerandio
- Department of Animal Production, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Granja Modelo de Arkaute, Apdo. 46, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Roberto Ruiz
- Department of Animal Production, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Granja Modelo de Arkaute, Apdo. 46, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Eva Ugarte
- Department of Animal Production, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Granja Modelo de Arkaute, Apdo. 46, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Oscar González-Recio
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aser Garcia-Rodriguez
- Department of Animal Production, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Granja Modelo de Arkaute, Apdo. 46, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Idoia Goiri
- Department of Animal Production, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Granja Modelo de Arkaute, Apdo. 46, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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62
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Negussie E, Mehtiö T, Mäntysaari P, Løvendahl P, Mäntysaari EA, Lidauer MH. Reliability of breeding values for feed intake and feed efficiency traits in dairy cattle: When dry matter intake recordings are sparse under different scenarios. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7248-7262. [PMID: 31155258 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, routine recordings of dry matter intake (DMI) in commercial herds are practically nonexistent. Recording DMI from commercial herds is a prerequisite for the inclusion of feed efficiency (FE) traits in dairy cattle breeding goals. To develop future on-farm phenotyping strategies, recording strategies that are low cost and less demanding logistically and that give relatively accurate estimates of the animal's genetic merit are therefore needed. The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate genetic parameters for daily DMI and FE traits and use the estimated parameters to simulate daily DMI phenotypes under different DMI recording scenarios (SCN) and (2) to use the simulated data to estimate for different scenarios the associated reliability of estimated breeding value and accuracies of genomic prediction for varying sizes of reference populations. Five on-farm daily DMI recording scenarios were simulated: once weekly (SCN1), once monthly (SCN2), every 2 mo (SCN3), every 3 mo (SCN4), and every 4 mo (SCN5). To estimate reliability of estimated breeding values, DMI and FE observations and true breeding values were simulated based on variance components estimated for daily observations of Nordic Red cows. To emulate realistic on-farm recording, 5 data set replicates, each with 36,037 DMI and FE records, were simulated for real pedigree and data structure of 789 Holstein cows. Observations for the 5 DMI recording scenarios were generated by discarding data in a step-wise manner from the full simulated data per the scenario's definitions. For each of these scenarios, reliabilities were calculated as correlation between the true and estimated breeding values. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for daily DMI, residual feed intake (RFI), and energy conversion efficiency (ECE) fitting the random regression model. Data for variance components were from 227 primiparous Nordic Red dairy cows covering 8 to 280 d in milk. Lactation-wise heritability for DMI, RFI, and ECE was 0.33, 0.12, and 0.32, respectively, and daily heritability estimates during lactation ranged from 0.18 to 0.45, 0.08 to 0.32, and 0.08 to 0.45 for DMI, RFI, and ECE, respectively. Genetic correlations for DMI between different stages of lactation ranged from -0.50 to 0.99. The comparison of different on-farm DMI recording scenarios indicated that adopting a less-frequent recording scenario (SCN3) gave a similar level of accuracy as SCN1 when 17 more daughters are recorded per sire over the 46 needed for SCN1. Such a strategy is less demanding logistically and is low cost because fewer observations need to be collected per animal. The accuracy of genomic predictions associated with the 5 recording scenarios indicated that setting up a relatively larger reference population and adopting a less-frequent DMI sampling scenario (e.g., SCN3) is promising. When the same reference population size was considered, the genomic prediction accuracy of SCN3 was only 5.0 to 7.0 percentage points lower than that for the most expensive DMI recording strategy (SCN1). We concluded that DMI recording strategies that are sparse in terms of records per cow but with slightly more cows recorded per sire are advantageous both in genomic selection and in traditional progeny testing schemes when accuracy, logistics, and cost implications are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Negussie
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, 31600, Jokioinen, Finland.
| | - T Mehtiö
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, 31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - P Mäntysaari
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, 31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - P Løvendahl
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - E A Mäntysaari
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, 31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - M H Lidauer
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, 31600, Jokioinen, Finland
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63
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Islam M, Lee SS. Advanced estimation and mitigation strategies: a cumulative approach to enteric methane abatement from ruminants. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 61:122-137. [PMID: 31333869 PMCID: PMC6582924 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.3.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Methane, one of the important greenhouse gas, has a higher global warming
potential than that of carbon dioxide. Agriculture, especially livestock, is
considered as the biggest sector in producing anthropogenic methane. Among
livestock, ruminants are the highest emitters of enteric methane.
Methanogenesis, a continuous process in the rumen, carried out by archaea either
with a hydrogenotrophic pathway that converts hydrogen and carbon dioxide to
methane or with methylotrophic pathway, which the substrate for methanogenesis
is methyl groups. For accurate estimation of methane from ruminants, three
methods have been successfully used in various experiments under different
environmental conditions such as respiration chamber, sulfur hexafluoride tracer
technique, and the automated head-chamber or GreenFeed system. Methane
production and emission from ruminants are increasing day by day with an
increase of ruminants which help to meet up the nutrient demands of the
increasing human population throughout the world. Several mitigation strategies
have been taken separately for methane abatement from ruminant productions such
as animal intervention, diet selection, dietary feed additives, probiotics,
defaunation, supplementation of fats, oils, organic acids, plant secondary
metabolites, etc. However, sustainable mitigation strategies are not established
yet. A cumulative approach of accurate enteric methane measurement and existing
mitigation strategies with more focusing on the biological reduction of methane
emission by direct-fed microbials could be the sustainable methane mitigation
approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuzul Islam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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64
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Wang Q, Bovenhuis H. Validation strategy can result in an overoptimistic view of the ability of milk infrared spectra to predict methane emission of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6288-6295. [PMID: 31056328 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Because of the environmental impact of methane (CH4), it is of great interest to reduce CH4 emission of dairy cattle and selective breeding might contribute to this. However, this approach requires a rapid and inexpensive measurement technique that can be used to quantify CH4 emission for a large number of individual dairy cows. Milk infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been proposed as a predictor for CH4 emission. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of milk IR spectra to predict breath sensor-measured CH4 of 801 dairy cows on 10 commercial farms. To evaluate the prediction equation, we used random and block cross validation. Using random cross validation, we found a validation coefficient of determination (R2val) of 0.49, which suggests that milk IR spectra are informative in predicting CH4 emission. However, based on block cross validation, with farms as blocks, a negligible R2val of 0.01 was obtained, indicating that milk IR spectra cannot be used to predict CH4 emission. Random cross validation thus results in an overoptimistic view of the ability of milk IR spectra to predict CH4 emission of dairy cows. The difference between the validation strategies could be due to the confounding of farm and date of milk IR analysis, which introduces a correlation between batch effects on the IR analyses and farm-average CH4. Breath sensor-measured CH4 is strongly influenced by farm-specific conditions, which magnifies the problem. Milk IR wavenumbers from water absorption regions, which are generally considered uninformative, showed moderate accuracy (R2val = 0.25) when based on random cross validation, but not when based on block cross validation (R2val = 0.03). These results indicate, therefore, that in the current study, random cross validation results in an overoptimistic view on the ability of milk IR spectra to predict CH4 emission. We suggest prediction based on wavenumbers from water absorption regions as a negative control to identify potential dependence structures in the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Wang
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk Bovenhuis
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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65
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Jeyanathan J, Martin C, Eugène M, Ferlay A, Popova M, Morgavi DP. Bacterial direct-fed microbials fail to reduce methane emissions in primiparous lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:41. [PMID: 31069075 PMCID: PMC6495644 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are considered as a promising technique to improve animal productivity without affecting animal health or harming the environment. The potential of three bacterial DFM to reduce methane (CH4) emissions, modulate ruminal fermentation, milk production and composition of primiparous dairy cows was examined in this study. As previous reports have shown that DFM respond differently to different diets, two contrasting diets were used in this study. Eight lactating primiparous cows were randomly divided into two groups that were fed a corn silage-based, high-starch diet (HSD) or a grass silage-based, high-fiber diet (HFD). Cows in each dietary group were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The bacterial DFM used were selected for their proven CH4-reducing effect in vitro. Treatments included control (without DFM) and 3 DFM treatments: Propionibacterium freudenreichii 53-W (2.9 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU)/cow per day), Lactobacillus pentosus D31 (3.6 × 1011 CFU/cow per day) and Lactobacillus bulgaricus D1 (4.6 × 1010 CFU/cow per day). Each experimental period included 4 weeks of treatment and 1 week of wash-out, with measures performed in the fourth week of the treatment period. Enteric CH4 emissions were measured during 3 consecutive days using respiration chambers. Rumen samples were collected for ruminal fermentation parameters and quantitative microbial analyses. Milk samples were collected for composition analysis. Body weight of cows were recorded at the end of each treatment period. Irrespective of diet, no mitigating effect of DFM was observed on CH4 emissions in dairy cows. In contrast, Propionibacterium increased CH4 intensity by 27% (g CH4/kg milk) in cows fed HSD. There was no effect of DFM on other fermentation parameters and on bacterial, archaeal and protozoal numbers. Similarly, the effect of DFM on milk fatty acid composition was negligible. Propionibacterium and L. pentosus DFM tended to increase body weight gain with HSD. We conclude that, contrary to the effect previously observed in vitro, bacterial DFM Propionibacterium freudenreichii 53-W, Lactobacillus pentosus D31 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus D1 did not alter ruminal fermentation and failed to reduce CH4 emissions in lactating primiparous cows fed high-starch or high-fiber diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyamalar Jeyanathan
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.,2Present address: Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cécile Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Maguy Eugène
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Anne Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Milka Popova
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Diego P Morgavi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Difford GF, Olijhoek DW, Hellwing ALF, Lund P, Bjerring MA, de Haas Y, Lassen J, Løvendahl P. Ranking cows’ methane emissions under commercial conditions with sniffers versus respiration chambers. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2019.1572784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. F. Difford
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University Tjele, Denmark
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - D. W. Olijhoek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University Tjele, Denmark
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum Tjele, Denmark
| | - A. L. F. Hellwing
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum Tjele, Denmark
| | - P. Lund
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum Tjele, Denmark
| | - M. A. Bjerring
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum Tjele, Denmark
| | - Y. de Haas
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - J. Lassen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University Tjele, Denmark
| | - P. Løvendahl
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University Tjele, Denmark
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67
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Engelke SW, Daş G, Derno M, Tuchscherer A, Wimmers K, Rychlik M, Kienberger H, Berg W, Kuhla B, Metges CC. Methane prediction based on individual or groups of milk fatty acids for dairy cows fed rations with or without linseed. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:1788-1802. [PMID: 30594371 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Milk fatty acids (MFA) are a proxy for the prediction of CH4 emission from cows, and prediction differs with diet. Our objectives were (1) to compare the effect of diets on the relation between MFA profile and measured CH4 production, (2) to predict CH4 production based on 6 data sets differing in the number and type of MFA, and (3) to test whether additional inclusion of energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield or dry matter intake (DMI) as explanatory variables improves predictions. Twenty dairy cows were used. Four diets were used based on corn silage (CS) or grass silage (GS) without (L0) or with linseed (LS) supplementation. Ten cows were fed CS-L0 and CS-LS and the other 10 cows were fed GS-L0 and GS-LS in random order. In feeding wk 5 of each diet, CH4 production (L/d) was measured in respiration chambers for 48 h and milk was analyzed for MFA concentrations by gas chromatography. Specific CH4 prediction equations were obtained for L0-, LS-, GS-, and CS-based diets and for all 4 diets collectively and validated by an internal cross-validation. Models were developed containing either 43 identified MFA or a reduced set of 7 groups of biochemically related MFA plus C16:0 and C18:0. The CS and LS diets reduced CH4 production compared with GS and L0 diets, respectively. Methane yield (L/kg of DMI) reduction by LS was higher with CS than GS diets. The concentrations of C18:1 trans and n-3 MFA differed among GS and CS diets. The LS diets resulted in a higher proportion of unsaturated MFA at the expense of saturated MFA. When using the data set of 43 individual MFA to predict CH4 production (L/d), the cross-validation coefficient of determination (R2CV) ranged from 0.47 to 0.92. When using groups of MFA variables, the R2CV ranged from 0.31 to 0.84. The fit parameters of the latter models were improved by inclusion of ECM or DMI, but not when added to the data set of 43 MFA for all diets pooled. Models based on GS diets always had a lower prediction potential (R2CV = 0.31 to 0.71) compared with data from CS diets (R2CV = 0.56 to 0.92). Models based on LS diets produced lower prediction with data sets with reduced MFA variables (R2CV = 0.62 to 0.68) compared with L0 diets (R2CV = 0.67 to 0.80). The MFA C18:1 cis-9 and C24:0 and the monounsaturated FA occurred most often in models. In conclusion, models with a reduced number of MFA variables and ECM or DMI are suitable for CH4 prediction, and CH4 prediction equations based on diets containing linseed resulted in lower prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie W Engelke
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Gürbüz Daş
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Derno
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hermine Kienberger
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Werner Berg
- Department of Technology Assessment and Substance Cycles, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Nutritional Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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68
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Huson KM, Morphew RM, Allen NR, Hegarty MJ, Worgan HJ, Girdwood SE, Jones EL, Phillips HC, Vickers M, Swain M, Smith D, Kingston-Smith AH, Brophy PM. Polyomic tools for an emerging livestock parasite, the rumen fluke Calicophoron daubneyi; identifying shifts in rumen functionality. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:617. [PMID: 30509301 PMCID: PMC6278170 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diseases caused by parasitic flatworms of rumen tissues (paramphistomosis) are a significant threat to global food security as a cause of morbidity and mortality in ruminant livestock in subtropical and tropical climates. Calicophoron daubneyi is currently the only paramphistome species commonly infecting ruminant livestock in temperate European climates. However, recorded incidences of C. daubneyi infection in European livestock have been increasing over the last decade. Whilst clinical paramphistomosis caused by adult worms has not been confirmed in Europe, fatalities have been attributed to severe haemorrhagic enteritis of the small intestine resulting from the migration of immature paramphistomes. Large numbers of mature adults can reside in the rumen, yet to date, the impact on rumen fermentation, and consequently on productivity and economic management of infected livestock, have not been resolved. Limited publicly available nucleotide and protein sequences for C. daubneyi underpin this lack of biological and economic understanding. Here we present for the first time a de novo assembled transcriptome, with functional annotations, for adult C. daubneyi, which provides a reference database for protein and nucleotide sequence identification to facilitate fundamental biology, anthelmintic, vaccine and diagnostics discoveries. RESULTS This dataset identifies a number of genes potentially unique to C. daubneyi and, by comparison to an existing transcriptome for the related Paramphistomum cervi, identifies novel genes which may be unique to the paramphistome group of platyhelminthes. Additionally, we present the first coverage of the excretory/secretory and soluble somatic proteome profiles for adult C. daubneyi and identify the release of extracellular vesicles from adult C. daubneyi parasites during in vitro, ex-host culture. Finally, we have performed the first analysis of rumen fluke impacting upon rumen fermentation parameters using an in vitro gas production study resulting in a significant increase in propionate production. CONCLUSIONS The resulting data provide a discovery platform (transcriptome, proteomes, EV isolation pipeline and in vitro fermentation system) to further study C. daubneyi-host interaction. In addition, the acetate: propionate ratio has been demonstrated to decrease with rumen fluke infection suggesting that acidotic conditions in the rumen may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Huson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Russell M Morphew
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK.
| | - Nathan R Allen
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Matthew J Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Hillary J Worgan
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Susan E Girdwood
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Eleanor L Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Helen C Phillips
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Martin Vickers
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Martin Swain
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Daniel Smith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Alison H Kingston-Smith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Peter M Brophy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
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69
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Biscarini F, Palazzo F, Castellani F, Masetti G, Grotta L, Cichelli A, Martino G. Rumen microbiome in dairy calves fed copper and grape-pomace dietary supplementations: Composition and predicted functional profile. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205670. [PMID: 30496201 PMCID: PMC6264861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rumen microbiome is fundamental for the productivity and health of dairy cattle and diet is known to influence the rumen microbiota composition. In this study, grape-pomace, a natural source of polyphenols, and copper sulfate were provided as feed supplementation in 15 Holstein-Friesian calves, including 5 controls. After 75 days of supplementation, genomic DNA was extracted from the rumen liquor and prepared for 16S rRNA-gene sequencing to characterize the composition of the rumen microbiota. From this, the rumen metagenome was predicted to obtain the associated gene functions and metabolic pathways in a cost-effective manner. Results showed that feed supplementations did alter the rumen microbiome of calves. Copper and grape-pomace increased the diversity of the rumen microbiota: the Shannon's and Fisher's alpha indices were significantly different across groups (p-values 0.045 and 0.039), and Bray-Curtis distances could separate grape-pomace calves from the other two groups. Differentially abundant taxa were identified: in particular, an uncultured Bacteroidales UCG-001 genus and OTUs from genus Sarcina were the most differentially abundant in pomace-supplemented calves compared to controls (p-values 0.003 and 0.0002, respectively). Enriched taxonomies such as Ruminiclostridium and Eubacterium sp., whose functions are related to degradation of the grape- pomace constituents (e.g. flavonoids or xyloglucan) have been described (p-values 0.027/0.028 and 0.040/0.022 in Pomace vs Copper and Controls, respectively). The most abundant predicted metagenomic genes belonged to the arginine and proline metabolism and the two- component (sensor/responder) regulatory system, which were increased in the supplemented groups. Interestingly, the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway was decreased in the two supplemented groups, possibly as a result of antimicrobial effects. Methanogenic taxa also responded to the feed supplementation, and methane metabolism in the rumen was the second most different pathway (up-regulated by feed supplementations) between experimental groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Biscarini
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology in Agriculture (IBBA), CNR, Milano, Italy
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Fiorentina Palazzo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, Università di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Castellani
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, Università di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giulia Masetti
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Bioinformatics Unit, PTP Science Park, Lodi, Italy
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, Università di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, Università di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- * E-mail:
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70
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Kim SW, Less JF, Wang L, Yan T, Kiron V, Kaushik SJ, Lei XG. Meeting Global Feed Protein Demand: Challenge, Opportunity, and Strategy. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2018; 7:221-243. [PMID: 30418803 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Feed protein supplements are one of the most expensive and limiting feed ingredients. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of how the expected expansion of animal production, driven by the rising world population and living standards for more animal-sourced foods, is creating a global shortage of feed protein supply. Because ruminants, chickens, and pigs contribute to 96% of the global supply of animal protein and aquaculture is growing fast, means of meeting the feed protein requirements of these species are elaborated. Geographic variation and interdependence among China, Europe, and North America in the demand and supply of feed protein are compared. The potential and current state of exploration into alternative feed proteins, including microalgae, insects, single-cell proteins, and coproducts, are highlighted. Strategic innovations are proposed to upgrade feed protein processing and assessment, improve protein digestion by exogenous enzymes, and genetically select feed-efficient livestock breeds. An overall successful and sustainable solution in meeting global feed protein demands will lead to a substantial net gain of human-edible animal protein with a minimal environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA;
| | - John F Less
- ADM Animal Nutrition, Decatur, Illinois 62526, USA;
| | - Li Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China;
| | - Tianhai Yan
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, County Down, Northern Ireland BT26 6DR, United Kingdom;
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway;
| | - Sadasivam J Kaushik
- EcoAqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain;
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
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71
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van Wyngaard JD, Meeske R, Erasmus LJ. Effect of concentrate level on enteric methane emissions, production performance, and rumen fermentation of Jersey cows grazing kikuyu-dominant pasture during summer. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9954-9966. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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72
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Schiavon S, Tagliapietra F, Pegolo S, Cesaro G, Cecchinato A, Bittante G. Effect of dietary protein level and conjugated linoleic acid supply on milk secretion and fecal excretion of fatty acids. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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73
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A parsimonious software sensor for estimating the individual dynamic pattern of methane emissions from cattle. Animal 2018; 13:1180-1187. [PMID: 30333069 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Large efforts have been deployed in developing methods to estimate methane emissions from cattle. For large scale applications, accurate and inexpensive methane predictors are required. Within a livestock precision farming context, the objective of this work was to integrate real-time data on animal feeding behaviour with an in silico model for predicting the individual dynamic pattern of methane emission in cattle. The integration of real-time data with a mathematical model to predict variables that are not directly measured constitutes a software sensor. We developed a dynamic parsimonious grey-box model that uses as predictor variables either dry matter intake (DMI) or the intake time (IT). The model is described by ordinary differential equations.Model building was supported by experimental data of methane emissions from respiration chambers. The data set comes from a study with finishing beef steers (cross-bred Charolais and purebred Luing finishing). Dry matter intake and IT were recorded using feed bins. For research purposes, in this work, our software sensor operated off-line. That is, the predictor variables (DMI, IT) were extracted from the recorded data (rather than from an on-line sensor). A total of 37 individual dynamic patterns of methane production were analyzed. Model performance was assessed by concordance analysis between the predicted methane output and the methane measured in respiration chambers. The model predictors DMI and IT performed similarly with a Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.78 on average. When predicting the daily methane production, the CCC was 0.99 for both DMI and IT predictors. Consequently, on the basis of concordance analysis, our model performs very well compared with reported literature results for methane proxies and predictive models. As IT measurements are easier to obtain than DMI measurements, this study suggests that a software sensor that integrates our in silico model with a real-time sensor providing accurate IT measurements is a viable solution for predicting methane output in a large scale context.
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74
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Pszczola M, Strabel T, Mucha S, Sell-Kubiak E. Genome-wide association identifies methane production level relation to genetic control of digestive tract development in dairy cows. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15164. [PMID: 30310168 PMCID: PMC6181922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The global temperatures are increasing. This increase is partly due to methane (CH4) production from ruminants, including dairy cattle. Recent studies on dairy cattle have revealed the existence of a heritable variation in CH4 production that enables mitigation strategies based on selective breeding. We have exploited the available heritable variation to study the genetic architecture of CH4 production and detected genomic regions affecting CH4 production. Although the detected regions explained only a small proportion of the heritable variance, we showed that potential QTL regions affecting CH4 production were located within QTLs related to feed efficiency, milk-related traits, body size and health status. Five candidate genes were found: CYP51A1 on BTA 4, PPP1R16B on BTA 13, and NTHL1, TSC2, and PKD1 on BTA 25. These candidate genes were involved in a number of metabolic processes that are possibly related to CH4 production. One of the most promising candidate genes (PKD1) was related to the development of the digestive tract. The results indicate that CH4 production is a highly polygenic trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pszczola
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, Poznan, Poland.
| | - T Strabel
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, Poznan, Poland.
| | - S Mucha
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, Poznan, Poland
| | - E Sell-Kubiak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, Poznan, Poland
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75
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Zetouni L, Difford GF, Lassen J, Byskov MV, Norberg E, Løvendahl P. Is rumination time an indicator of methane production in dairy cows? J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:11074-11085. [PMID: 30292552 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As long as large-scale recording of expensive-to-measure and labor-consuming traits, such as dry matter intake (DMI) and CH4 production (CH4P), continues to be challenging in practical conditions, alternative traits that are already routinely recorded in dairy herds should be investigated. An ideal indicator trait must, in addition to expressing genetic variation, have a strong correlation with the trait of interest. Our aim was to estimate individual level and phenotypic correlations between rumination time (RT), CH4P, and DMI to determine if RT could be used as an indicator trait for CH4P and DMI. Data from 343 Danish Holstein cows were collected at the Danish Cattle Research Centre for a period of approximately 3 yr. The data set consisted of 14,890 records for DMI, 15,835 for RT, and 6,693 for CH4P. Data were divided in primiparous cows only (PC) and all cows (MC), and then divided in lactation stage (early, mid, late, and whole lactation) to analyze the changes over lactation. Linear mixed models, including an animal effect but no pedigree, were used to estimate the correlations among traits. Phenotypic and individual level correlations between RT and both CH4P and DMI were close to zero, regardless of lactation stage and data set (PC or MC). However, CH4P and DMI were highly correlated, both across lactation stages and data sets. In conclusion, RT is unsuitable to be used as an indicator trait for either CH4P or DMI. Our study failed to validate RT as a useful indicator trait for both CH4P and DMI, but more studies with novel phenotypes can offer different approaches to select and incorporate important yet difficult to record traits into breeding goals and selection indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zetouni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center For Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - G F Difford
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center For Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle, 8830, Tjele, Denmark; Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Lassen
- Viking Genetics, Ebeltoftvej 16, Assentoft, 8960 Randers, Denmark
| | - M V Byskov
- SEGES, Dairy & Beef Research Center, 8200 Skejby, Denmark
| | - E Norberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center For Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle, 8830, Tjele, Denmark; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - P Løvendahl
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center For Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
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76
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van Marle-Köster E, Visser C. Genetic Improvement in South African Livestock: Can Genomics Bridge the Gap Between the Developed and Developing Sectors? Front Genet 2018; 9:331. [PMID: 30190725 PMCID: PMC6115519 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
South Africa (SA) holds a unique position on the African continent with a rich diversity in terms of available livestock resources, vegetation, climatic regions and cultures. The livestock sector has been characterized by a dual system of a highly developed commercial sector using modern technology vs. a developing sector including emerging and smallholder farmers. Emerging farmers typically aim to join the commercial sector, but lag behind with regard to the use of modern genetic technologies, while smallholder farmers use traditional practices aimed at subsistence. Several factors influence potential application of genomics by the livestock industries, which include available research funding, socio-economic constraints and extension services. State funded Beef and Dairy genomic programs have been established with the aim of building reference populations for genomic selection with most of the potential beneficiaries in the well-developed commercial sector. The structure of the beef, dairy and small stock industries is fragmented and the outcomes of selection strategies are not perceived as an advantage by the processing industry or the consumer. The indigenous and local composites represent approximately 40% of the total beef and sheep populations and present valuable genetic resources. Genomic research has mostly provided insight on genetic biodiversity of these resources, with limited attention to novel phenotypes associated with adaptation or disease tolerance. Genetic improvement of livestock through genomic technology needs to address the role of adapted breeds in challenging environments, increasing reproductive and growth efficiency. National animal recording schemes contributed significantly to progress in the developed sector with regard to genetic evaluations and estimated breeding values (EBV) as a selection tool over the past three decades. The challenge remains on moving the focus to novel traits for increasing efficiency and addressing welfare and environmental issues. Genetic research programs are required that will be directed to bridge the gap between the elite breeders and the developing livestock sector. The aim of this review was to provide a perspective on the dichotomy in the South African livestock sector arguing that a realistic approach to the use of genomics in beef, dairy and small stock is required to ensure sustainable long term genetic progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esté van Marle-Köster
- Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carina Visser
- Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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77
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Bittante G, Cipolat-Gotet C. Direct and indirect predictions of enteric methane daily production, yield, and intensity per unit of milk and cheese, from fatty acids and milk Fourier-transform infrared spectra. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7219-7235. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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78
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Niu M, Kebreab E, Hristov AN, Oh J, Arndt C, Bannink A, Bayat AR, Brito AF, Boland T, Casper D, Crompton LA, Dijkstra J, Eugène MA, Garnsworthy PC, Haque MN, Hellwing ALF, Huhtanen P, Kreuzer M, Kuhla B, Lund P, Madsen J, Martin C, McClelland SC, McGee M, Moate PJ, Muetzel S, Muñoz C, O'Kiely P, Peiren N, Reynolds CK, Schwarm A, Shingfield KJ, Storlien TM, Weisbjerg MR, Yáñez‐Ruiz DR, Yu Z. Prediction of enteric methane production, yield, and intensity in dairy cattle using an intercontinental database. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3368-3389. [PMID: 29450980 PMCID: PMC6055644 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Enteric methane (CH4 ) production from cattle contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions. Measurement of enteric CH4 is complex, expensive, and impractical at large scales; therefore, models are commonly used to predict CH4 production. However, building robust prediction models requires extensive data from animals under different management systems worldwide. The objectives of this study were to (1) collate a global database of enteric CH4 production from individual lactating dairy cattle; (2) determine the availability of key variables for predicting enteric CH4 production (g/day per cow), yield [g/kg dry matter intake (DMI)], and intensity (g/kg energy corrected milk) and their respective relationships; (3) develop intercontinental and regional models and cross-validate their performance; and (4) assess the trade-off between availability of on-farm inputs and CH4 prediction accuracy. The intercontinental database covered Europe (EU), the United States (US), and Australia (AU). A sequential approach was taken by incrementally adding key variables to develop models with increasing complexity. Methane emissions were predicted by fitting linear mixed models. Within model categories, an intercontinental model with the most available independent variables performed best with root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) as a percentage of mean observed value of 16.6%, 14.7%, and 19.8% for intercontinental, EU, and United States regions, respectively. Less complex models requiring only DMI had predictive ability comparable to complex models. Enteric CH4 production, yield, and intensity prediction models developed on an intercontinental basis had similar performance across regions, however, intercepts and slopes were different with implications for prediction. Revised CH4 emission conversion factors for specific regions are required to improve CH4 production estimates in national inventories. In conclusion, information on DMI is required for good prediction, and other factors such as dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration, improve the prediction. For enteric CH4 yield and intensity prediction, information on milk yield and composition is required for better estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutian Niu
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Alexander N. Hristov
- Department of Animal ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Joonpyo Oh
- Department of Animal ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | | | - André Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock ResearchWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ali R. Bayat
- Milk Production Solutions, Green TechnologyNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)JokioinenFinland
| | - André F. Brito
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food SystemsUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
| | - Tommy Boland
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinBelfield, Dublin 4Ireland
| | | | - Les A. Crompton
- School of Agriculture, Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Jan Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Maguy A. Eugène
- UMR Herbivores, INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont AuvergneSaint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
| | | | - Md Najmul Haque
- Department of Large Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Pekka Huhtanen
- Department of Agricultural Science for Northern SwedenSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- ETH ZurichInstitute of Agricultural SciencesZurichSwitzerland
| | - Bjoern Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional PhysiologyLeibniz Institute for Farm Animal BiologyDummerstorfMecklenburg‐VorpommernGermany
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal ScienceAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
| | - Jørgen Madsen
- Department of Large Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Cécile Martin
- UMR Herbivores, INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont AuvergneSaint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
| | | | - Mark McGee
- Teagasc, Agriculture and Food Development AuthorityCarlowIreland
| | - Peter J. Moate
- Agriculture Research DivisionDepartment of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and ResourcesMelbourneVic.Australia
| | | | - Camila Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA RemehueOsornoChile
| | - Padraig O'Kiely
- Teagasc, Agriculture and Food Development AuthorityCarlowIreland
| | - Nico Peiren
- Animal Sciences DepartmentFlanders Research Institute for AgricultureFisheries and FoodMelleBelgium
| | | | - Angela Schwarm
- ETH ZurichInstitute of Agricultural SciencesZurichSwitzerland
| | - Kevin J. Shingfield
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Tonje M. Storlien
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural SciencesNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | | | | | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
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79
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Miglior F, Fleming A, Malchiodi F, Brito LF, Martin P, Baes CF. A 100-Year Review: Identification and genetic selection of economically important traits in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2018; 100:10251-10271. [PMID: 29153164 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 100 yr, the range of traits considered for genetic selection in dairy cattle populations has progressed to meet the demands of both industry and society. At the turn of the 20th century, dairy farmers were interested in increasing milk production; however, a systematic strategy for selection was not available. Organized milk performance recording took shape, followed quickly by conformation scoring. Methodological advances in both genetic theory and statistics around the middle of the century, together with technological innovations in computing, paved the way for powerful multitrait analyses. As more sophisticated analytical techniques for traits were developed and incorporated into selection programs, production began to increase rapidly, and the wheels of genetic progress began to turn. By the end of the century, the focus of selection had moved away from being purely production oriented toward a more balanced breeding goal. This shift occurred partly due to increasing health and fertility issues and partly due to societal pressure and welfare concerns. Traits encompassing longevity, fertility, calving, health, and workability have now been integrated into selection indices. Current research focuses on fitness, health, welfare, milk quality, and environmental sustainability, underlying the concentrated emphasis on a more comprehensive breeding goal. In the future, on-farm sensors, data loggers, precision measurement techniques, and other technological aids will provide even more data for use in selection, and the difficulty will lie not in measuring phenotypes but rather in choosing which traits to select for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Miglior
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Canadian Dairy Network, Guelph, Ontario, N1K 1E5, Canada.
| | - Allison Fleming
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Francesca Malchiodi
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Luiz F Brito
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Pauline Martin
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Christine F Baes
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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80
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Osimani A, Milanović V, Garofalo C, Cardinali F, Roncolini A, Sabbatini R, De Filippis F, Ercolini D, Gabucci C, Petruzzelli A, Tonucci F, Clementi F, Aquilanti L. Revealing the microbiota of marketed edible insects through PCR-DGGE, metagenomic sequencing and real-time PCR. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 276:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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81
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Hristov A, Kebreab E, Niu M, Oh J, Bannink A, Bayat A, Boland T, Brito A, Casper D, Crompton L, Dijkstra J, Eugène M, Garnsworthy P, Haque N, Hellwing A, Huhtanen P, Kreuzer M, Kuhla B, Lund P, Madsen J, Martin C, Moate P, Muetzel S, Muñoz C, Peiren N, Powell J, Reynolds C, Schwarm A, Shingfield K, Storlien T, Weisbjerg M, Yáñez-Ruiz D, Yu Z. Symposium review: Uncertainties in enteric methane inventories, measurement techniques, and prediction models. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6655-6674. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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82
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Effect of concentrate feeding level on methane emissions, production performance and rumen fermentation of Jersey cows grazing ryegrass pasture during spring. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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83
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van Gastelen S, Mollenhorst H, Antunes-Fernandes E, Hettinga K, van Burgsteden G, Dijkstra J, Rademaker J. Predicting enteric methane emission of dairy cows with milk Fourier-transform infrared spectra and gas chromatography–based milk fatty acid profiles. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5582-5598. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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84
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Vanlierde A, Soyeurt H, Gengler N, Colinet FG, Froidmont E, Kreuzer M, Grandl F, Bell M, Lund P, Olijhoek DW, Eugène M, Martin C, Kuhla B, Dehareng F. Short communication: Development of an equation for estimating methane emissions of dairy cows from milk Fourier transform mid-infrared spectra by using reference data obtained exclusively from respiration chambers. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7618-7624. [PMID: 29753478 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation and mitigation of enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminant livestock, in particular from dairy cows, have acquired global importance for sustainable, climate-smart cattle production. Based on CH4 reference measurements obtained with the SF6 tracer technique to determine ruminal CH4 production, a current equation permits evaluation of individual daily CH4 emissions of dairy cows based on milk Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectra. However, the respiration chamber (RC) technique is considered to be more accurate than SF6 to measure CH4 production from cattle. This study aimed to develop an equation that allows estimating CH4 emissions of lactating cows recorded in an RC from corresponding milk FT-MIR spectra and to challenge its robustness and relevance through validation processes and its application on a milk spectral database. This would permit confirming the conclusions drawn with the existing equation based on SF6 reference measurements regarding the potential to estimate daily CH4 emissions of dairy cows from milk FT-MIR spectra. A total of 584 RC reference CH4 measurements (mean ± standard deviation of 400 ± 72 g of CH4/d) and corresponding standardized milk mid-infrared spectra were obtained from 148 individual lactating cows between 7 and 321 d in milk in 5 European countries (Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, France, and Northern Ireland). The developed equation based on RC measurements showed calibration and cross-validation coefficients of determination of 0.65 and 0.57, respectively, which is lower than those obtained earlier by the equation based on 532 SF6 measurements (0.74 and 0.70, respectively). This means that the RC-based model is unable to explain the variability observed in the corresponding reference data as well as the SF6-based model. The standard errors of calibration and cross-validation were lower for the RC model (43 and 47 g/d vs. 66 and 70 g/d for the SF6 version, respectively), indicating that the model based on RC data was closer to actual values. The root mean squared error (RMSE) of calibration of 42 g/d represents only 10% of the overall daily CH4 production, which is 23 g/d lower than the RMSE for the SF6-based equation. During the external validation step an RMSE of 62 g/d was observed. When the RC equation was applied to a standardized spectral database of milk recordings collected in the Walloon region of Belgium between January 2012 and December 2017 (1,515,137 spectra from 132,658 lactating cows in 1,176 different herds), an average ± standard deviation of 446 ± 51 g of CH4/d was estimated, which is consistent with the range of the values measured using both RC and SF6 techniques. This study confirmed that milk FT-MIR spectra could be used as a potential proxy to estimate daily CH4 emissions from dairy cows provided that the variability to predict is covered by the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vanlierde
- Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Valorization of Agricultural Products, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - H Soyeurt
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Agrobiochem Department and Research and Teaching Centre (TERRA), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - N Gengler
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Agrobiochem Department and Research and Teaching Centre (TERRA), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - F G Colinet
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Agrobiochem Department and Research and Teaching Centre (TERRA), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - E Froidmont
- Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Production and Sectors Department, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - M Kreuzer
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Grandl
- Qualitas AG, 6300 Zug, Switzerland
| | - M Bell
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Large Park, Hillsborough, BT26 6DR, United Kingdom
| | - P Lund
- Department of Animal Science, AU Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - D W Olijhoek
- Department of Animal Science, AU Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M Eugène
- UMR Herbivores, INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - C Martin
- UMR Herbivores, INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - B Kuhla
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - F Dehareng
- Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Valorization of Agricultural Products, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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85
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Beauchemin KA. Invited review: Current perspectives on eating and rumination activity in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4762-4784. [PMID: 29627250 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many early studies laid the foundation for our understanding of the mechanics of chewing, the physiological role of chewing for the cow, and how chewing behavior is affected by dietary characteristics. However, the dairy cow has changed significantly over the past decades, as have the types of diets fed and the production systems used. The plethora of literature published in recent years provides new insights on eating and ruminating activity of dairy cows. Lactating dairy cows spend about 4.5 h/d eating (range: 2.4-8.5 h/d) and 7 h/d ruminating (range: 2.5-10.5 h/d), with a maximum total chewing time of 16 h/d. Chewing time is affected by many factors, most importantly whether access to feed is restricted, intake of neutral detergent fiber from forages, and mean particle size of the diet. Feed restriction and long particles (≥19 mm) have a greater effect on eating time, whereas intake of forage neutral detergent fiber and medium particles (4-19 mm) affects rumination time. It is well entrenched in the literature that promoting chewing increases salivary secretion of dairy cows, which helps reduce the risk of acidosis. However, the net effect of a change in chewing time on rumen buffing is likely rather small; therefore, acidosis prevention strategies need to be broad. Damage to plant tissues during mastication creates sites that provide access to fungi, adhesion of bacteria, and formation of biofilms that progressively degrade carbohydrates. Rumination and eating are the main ways in which feed is reduced in particle size. Contractions of the rumen increase during eating and ruminating activity and help move small particles to the escapable pool and into the omasum. Use of recently developed low-cost sensors that monitor chewing activity of dairy cows in commercial facilities can provide information that is helpful in management decisions, especially when combined with other criteria. Although accuracy and precision can be somewhat variable depending on sensor and conditions of use, relative changes in cow behavior, such as a marked decrease in rumination time of a cow or sustained low rumination time compared with a contemporary group of cows, can be used to help detect estrus, parturition, and some illnesses. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the dietary, animal, and management factors that affect eating and ruminating behavior in dairy cows and presents an overview of the physiological importance of chewing with emphasis on recent developments and practical implications for feeding and managing the modern housed dairy cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1.
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86
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Rossi G, Schiavon S, Lomolino G, Cipolat-Gotet C, Simonetto A, Bittante G, Tagliapietra F. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) fed to dairy cows does not modify the cheese-making properties of milk but affects the color, texture, and flavor of ripened cheese. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2005-2015. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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87
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Palarea-Albaladejo J, Rooke JA, Nevison IM, Dewhurst RJ. Compositional mixed modeling of methane emissions and ruminal volatile fatty acids from individual cattle and multiple experiments. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:2467-2480. [PMID: 28727067 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the association of methane (CH) yields (g/kg DMI) with rumen VFA molar proportions and animal and diet-related covariates from individual animals and multiple experiments. The dataset available consisted of 284 measurements of CH yields for beef cattle from 6 experiments measured in indirect respiration chambers. A compositional modeling approach was employed where VFA measurements were considered as a whole, instead of in isolation, emphasizing their multivariate relative scale. The analysis revealed expected close groupings of acetate and butyrate; propionate and valerate; iso-butyrate and iso-valerate. Linear mixed models were then fitted to examine relationships between CH yield and VFA, represented by meaningful log-contrasts of components called compositional balances, while accounting for other animal and diet-related covariates and random variability between experiments. A compositional balance representing (acetate × butyrate)/propionate best explained the contribution of VFA to variation in CH yield. The covariates DMI, forage:concentrate proportion (expressed as a categorical variable diet type: high concentrate, mixed forage:concentrate or high forage), and diet ME were also statistically significant. These results provided new insights into the relative inter-relationships among VFA measurements and also between VFA and CH yield. In conclusion, VFA molar proportions as represented by compositional balances were a significant contributor to explaining variation in CH yields from individual cattle.
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88
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Auffret MD, Stewart R, Dewhurst RJ, Duthie CA, Rooke JA, Wallace RJ, Freeman TC, Snelling TJ, Watson M, Roehe R. Identification, Comparison, and Validation of Robust Rumen Microbial Biomarkers for Methane Emissions Using Diverse Bos Taurus Breeds and Basal Diets. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2642. [PMID: 29375511 PMCID: PMC5767246 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous shotgun metagenomic analyses of ruminal digesta identified some microbial information that might be useful as biomarkers to select cattle that emit less methane (CH4), which is a potent greenhouse gas. It is known that methane production (g/kgDMI) and to an extent the microbial community is heritable and therefore biomarkers can offer a method of selecting cattle for low methane emitting phenotypes. In this study a wider range of Bos Taurus cattle, varying in breed and diet, was investigated to determine microbial communities and genetic markers associated with high/low CH4 emissions. Digesta samples were taken from 50 beef cattle, comprising four cattle breeds, receiving two basal diets containing different proportions of concentrate and also including feed additives (nitrate or lipid), that may influence methane emissions. A combination of partial least square analysis and network analysis enabled the identification of the most significant and robust biomarkers of CH4 emissions (VIP > 0.8) across diets and breeds when comparing all potential biomarkers together. Genes associated with the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathway converting carbon dioxide to methane, provided the dominant biomarkers of CH4 emissions and methanogens were the microbial populations most closely correlated with CH4 emissions and identified by metagenomics. Moreover, these genes grouped together as confirmed by network analysis for each independent experiment and when combined. Finally, the genes involved in the methane synthesis pathway explained a higher proportion of variation in CH4 emissions by PLS analysis compared to phylogenetic parameters or functional genes. These results confirmed the reproducibility of the analysis and the advantage to use these genes as robust biomarkers of CH4 emissions. Volatile fatty acid concentrations and ratios were significantly correlated with CH4, but these factors were not identified as robust enough for predictive purposes. Moreover, the methanotrophic Methylomonas genus was found to be negatively correlated with CH4. Finally, this study confirmed the importance of using robust and applicable biomarkers from the microbiome as a proxy of CH4 emissions across diverse production systems and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D. Auffret
- Scotland's Rural College, Future Farming System (FFS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Stewart
- Edinburgh Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Dewhurst
- Scotland's Rural College, Future Farming System (FFS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carol-Anne Duthie
- Scotland's Rural College, Future Farming System (FFS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Rooke
- Scotland's Rural College, Future Farming System (FFS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Wallace
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C. Freeman
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Snelling
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Mick Watson
- Edinburgh Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Roehe
- Scotland's Rural College, Future Farming System (FFS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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89
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Review: Selecting for improved feed efficiency and reduced methane emissions in dairy cattle. Animal 2018; 12:s336-s349. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118002276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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90
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van Gastelen S, Antunes-Fernandes EC, Hettinga KA, Dijkstra J. The relationship between milk metabolome and methane emission of Holstein Friesian dairy cows: Metabolic interpretation and prediction potential. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:2110-2126. [PMID: 29290428 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the relationship between CH4 emission and fatty acids, volatile metabolites, and nonvolatile metabolites in milk of dairy cows fed forage-based diets. Data from 6 studies were used, including 27 dietary treatments and 123 individual observations from lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. These dietary treatments covered a large range of forage-based diets, with different qualities and proportions of grass silage and corn silage. Methane emission was measured in climate respiration chambers and expressed as production (g per day), yield (g per kg of dry matter intake; DMI), and intensity (g per kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk; FPCM). Milk samples were analyzed for fatty acids by gas chromatography, for volatile metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and for nonvolatile metabolites by nuclear magnetic resonance. Dry matter intake was 15.9 ± 1.90 kg/d (mean ± SD), FPCM yield was 25.2 ± 4.57 kg/d, CH4 production was 359 ± 51.1 g/d, CH4 yield was 22.6 ± 2.31 g/kg of DMI, and CH4 intensity was 14.5 ± 2.59 g/kg of FPCM. The results show that changes in individual milk metabolite concentrations can be related to the ruminal CH4 production pathways. Several of these relationships were diet driven, whereas some were partly dependent on FPCM yield. Next, prediction models were developed and subsequently evaluated based on root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) analysis, and random 10-fold cross-validation. The best models with milk fatty acids (in g/100 g of fatty acids; MFA) alone predicted CH4 production, yield, and intensity with a RMSEP of 34 g/d, 2.0 g/kg of DMI, and 1.7 g/kg of FPCM, and with a CCC of 0.67, 0.44, and 0.75, respectively. The CH4 prediction potential of both volatile metabolites alone and nonvolatile metabolites alone was low, regardless of the unit of CH4 emission, as evidenced by the low CCC values (<0.35). The best models combining the 3 types of metabolites as selection variables resulted in the inclusion of only MFA for CH4 production and CH4 yield. For CH4 intensity, MFA, volatile metabolites, and nonvolatile metabolites were included in the prediction model. This resulted in a small improvement in prediction potential (CCC of 0.80; RMSEP of 1.5 g/kg of FPCM) relative to MFA alone. These results indicate that volatile and nonvolatile metabolites in milk contain some information to increase our understanding of enteric CH4 production of dairy cows, but that it is not worthwhile to determine the volatile and nonvolatile metabolites in milk to estimate CH4 emission of dairy cows. We conclude that MFA have moderate potential to predict CH4 emission of dairy cattle fed forage-based diets, and that the models can aid in the effort to understand and mitigate CH4 emissions of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S van Gastelen
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, the Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - E C Antunes-Fernandes
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, the Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 17, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K A Hettinga
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 17, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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91
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Bittante G, Cecchinato A, Schiavon S. Dairy system, parity, and lactation stage affect enteric methane production, yield, and intensity per kilogram of milk and cheese predicted from gas chromatography fatty acids. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:1752-1766. [PMID: 29224867 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ruminants (and milk production) contribute to global climate change through enteric methane emissions (EME), and any attempt to reduce them is complicated by the fact that they are difficult and expensive to measure directly. In the case of dairy cows, a promising indirect method of estimating EME is to use the milk fatty acid profile as a proxy, as a relationship exists between microbial activity in the rumen and the molecules available for milk synthesis in the mammary gland. In the present study, we analyzed the detailed fatty acid profiles (through gas chromatography) of a large number of milk samples from 1,158 Brown Swiss cows reared on 85 farms with the aim of testing in the field 2 equations for estimating EME taken from a published meta-analysis. The average estimated methane yield (CH4 emission per kg of dry matter intake, 21.34 ± 1.60 g/kg) and methane intensity (per kg of corrected milk, 14.17 ± 1.78 g/kg), and the derived methane production (CH4 emissions per day per cow, 357 ± 109 g/d) were similar to those previously published. Using data from model cheese makings from individual cows, we also calculated estimated methane intensity per kilogram of fresh cheese (99.7 ± 16.4 g/kg) and cheese solids (207.5 ± 30.9 g/kg). Dairy system affected all EME estimates. Traditional dairy farms, and modern farms including corn silage in the TMR exhibited greater estimated methane intensities. We found very wide variability in estimated EME traits among different farms within dairy system (0.33 to 0.61 of total variance), suggesting the need to modify the farms' feeding regimens and management practices to mitigate emissions. Among the individual factors, parity order affected all estimated EME traits excepted methane yield, with an increase from first lactation to the following ones. Lactation stage exhibited more favorable estimated EME traits during early lactation, concomitant with the availability of nutrients from body tissue mobilization for mammary synthesis of milk. Our results showed a coherence between the EME traits estimated from the analysis of milk fatty acids and the expectations according to current knowledge. Further research is needed to validate the results obtained in this study in other breeds and populations, to assess the magnitude of the genetic variation and the potential of these phenotypes to be exploited in breeding programs with the aim to mitigate emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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92
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Na Y, Li DH, Lee SR. Effects of dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio on nutrient digestibility and enteric methane production in growing goats ( Capra hircus hircus) and Sika deer ( Cervus nippon hortulorum). ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:967-972. [PMID: 28335097 PMCID: PMC5495675 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratio on the nutrient digestibility and enteric methane (CH4) emission in growing goats and Sika deer. Methods Three male growing goats (body weight [BW] = 19.0±0.7 kg) and three male growing deer (BW = 19.3±1.2 kg) were respectively allotted to a 3×3 Latin square design with an adaptation period of 7 d and a data collection period of 3 d. Respiration-metabolism chambers were used for measuring the enteric CH4 emission. Treatments of low (25:75), moderate (50:50), and high (73:27) F:C ratios were given to both goats and Sika deer. Results Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility decreased linearly with increasing F:C ratio in both goats and Sika deer. In both goats and Sika deer, the CH4 emissions expressed as g/d, g/kg BW0.75, % of gross energy intake, g/kg DM intake (DMI), and g/kg OM intake (OMI) decreased linearly as the F:C ratio increased, however, the CH4 emissions expressed as g/kg digested DMI and OMI were not affected by the F:C ratio. Eight equations were derived for predicting the enteric CH4 emission from goats and Sika deer. For goat, equation 1 was found to be of the highest accuracy: CH4 (g/d) = 3.36+4.71×DMI (kg/d)−0.0036×neutral detergent fiber concentrate (NDFC, g/kg)+0.01563×dry matter digestibility (DMD, g/kg)−0.0108×neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, g/kg). For Sika deer, equation 5 was found to be of the highest accuracy: CH4 (g/d) = 66.3+27.7×DMI (kg/d)−5.91×NDFC (g/kg)−7.11× DMD (g/kg)+0.0809×NDFD (g/kg). Conclusion Digested nutrient intake could be considered when determining the CH4 generation factor in goats and Sika deer. Finally, the enteric CH4 prediction model for goats and Sika deer were estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Na
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong Hua Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sang Rak Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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