51
|
Guasti L, Prasongchean W, Kleftouris G, Mukherjee S, Thrasher AJ, Bulstrode NW, Ferretti P. High plasticity of pediatric adipose tissue-derived stem cells: too much for selective skeletogenic differentiation? Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197817 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from adipose tissue are a potentially important source for autologous cell therapy and disease modeling, given fat tissue accessibility and abundance. Critical to developing standard protocols for therapeutic use is a thorough understanding of their potential, and whether this is consistent among individuals, hence, could be generally inferred. Such information is still lacking, particularly in children. To address these issues, we have used different methods to establish stem cells from adipose tissue (adipose-derived stem cells [ADSCs], adipose explant dedifferentiated stem cells [AEDSCs]) from several pediatric patients and investigated their phenotype and differentiation potential using monolayer and micromass cultures. We have also addressed the overlooked issue of selective induction of cartilage differentiation. ADSCs/AEDSCs from different patients showed a remarkably similar behavior. Pluripotency markers were detected in these cells, consistent with ease of reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells. Significantly, most ADSCs expressed markers of tissue-specific commitment/differentiation, including skeletogenic and neural markers, while maintaining a proliferative, undifferentiated morphology. Exposure to chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic, or neurogenic conditions resulted in morphological differentiation and tissue-specific marker upregulation. These findings suggest that the ADSC "lineage-mixed" phenotype underlies their significant plasticity, which is much higher than that of chondroblasts we studied in parallel. Finally, whereas selective ADSC osteogenic differentiation was observed, chondrogenic induction always resulted in both cartilage and bone formation when a commercial chondrogenic medium was used; however, chondrogenic induction with a transforming growth factor β1-containing medium selectively resulted in cartilage formation. This clearly indicates that careful simultaneous assessment of bone and cartilage differentiation is essential when bioengineering stem cell-derived cartilage for clinical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Guasti
- Developmental Biology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Yan A, Avraham T, Zampell JC, Haviv YS, Weitman E, Mehrara BJ. Adipose-derived stem cells promote lymphangiogenesis in response to VEGF-C stimulation or TGF-β1 inhibition. Future Oncol 2012; 7:1457-73. [PMID: 22112321 DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies have demonstrated that augmentation of lymphangiogenesis and tissue engineering hold promise as a treatment for lymphedema. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be used in lymphatic tissue-engineering by altering the balance between pro- and anti-lymphangiogenic cytokines. MATERIALS & METHODS ASCs were harvested and cultured in media with or without recombinant VEGF-C for 48 h. ASCs were then implanted in mice using Matrigel plugs. Additional groups of animals were implanted with ASCs transfected with a dominant-negative TGF-β1 receptor-II adenovirus with or without VEGF-C stimulation, since TGF-β1 has been shown to have potent antilymphangiogenic effects. Lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic differentiation and cellular proliferation were assessed. RESULTS Stimulation of ASCs with VEGF-C in vitro significantly increased expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-C and Prox-1. ASCs stimulated with VEGF-C prior to implantation induced a significant (threefold increase) lymphangiogenic response as compared with control groups (unstimulated ASCs or empty Matrigel plugs; p < 0.01). This effect was significantly potentiated when TGF-β1 signaling was inhibited using the dominant-negative TGF-β1 receptor-II virus (4.5-fold increase; p < 0.01). Stimulation of ASCs with VEGF-C resulted in a marked increase in the number of donor ASCs (twofold; p < 0.01) and increased the number of proliferating cells (sevenfold; p < 0.01) surrounding the Matrigel. ASCs stimulated with VEGF-C expressed podoplanin, a lymphangiogenic cell marker, whereas unstimulated cells did not. CONCLUSION Short-term stimulation of ASCs with VEGF-C results in increased expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-C and Prox-1 in vitro and is associated with a marked increase lymphangiogenic response after in vivo implantation. This lymphangiogenic response is significantly potentiated by blocking TGF-β1 function. Furthermore, stimulation of ASCs with VEGF-C markedly increases cellular proliferation and cellular survival after in vivo implantation and stimulated cells express podoplanin, a lymphangiogenic cell marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Yan
- The Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Gao W, Qiao X, Ma S, Cui L. Adipose-derived stem cells accelerate neovascularization in ischaemic diabetic skin flap via expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:2575-85. [PMID: 21435171 PMCID: PMC4373426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin flaps are frequently performed for diabetic patients in spite of countless detrimental effects of diabetes on flap survival, most of which may result from a defective response of the tissues to low oxygen tension. In this study, the authors explored the feasibility of applying human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to increase the viability of random-patterned skin flaps in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. ASCs were isolated from the fresh human lipoaspirates and expanded ex vivo for three passages. After the elevation of caudally based random-patterned skin flaps (3 cm long and 1 cm wide), ASCs suspensions were then injected into the flap (group A). Media containing no ASCs were similarly injected as a control (group B), although nothing was injected into the flap base of mice in control group C. Flap assessments were carried out at post-operative day 7 for evaluation of flap viability. The flap survival rate of group A was significantly higher than those of groups B and C, whereas no difference was observed between groups B and C. Histological examination also demonstrated a statistically significant increase in capillary density in group A over both groups B and C. Furthermore, it was found that ASCs not only augmented the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in flap tissues from dermis of diabetes mice, but also promoted their expression in dermal fibroblasts from diabetic mice. Thus, ASCs could enhance the survival of random-patterned skin flaps in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice via elevated expression of HIF-1α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Gao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, 1st Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Mesenchymal stem cell for prevention and management of intervertebral disc degeneration. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:921053. [PMID: 22550520 PMCID: PMC3328194 DOI: 10.1155/2012/921053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) is a frequent pathological condition. Conservative management often fails, and patients with IVD degeneration may require surgical intervention. Several treatment strategies have been proposed, although only surgical discectomy and arthrodesis have been proved to be predictably effective. The aim of biological strategies is to prevent and manage IVD degeneration, improve the function, the anabolic and reparative capabilities of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells, and inhibit matrix degradation. At present, clinical applications are still in their infancy. Further studies are required to clarify the role of mesenchymal stem cells and gene therapy for the prevention and treatment of IVD degeneration.
Collapse
|
55
|
Böhrnsen F, Rotter N, Lindner U, Meier M, Wollenberg B, Rohwedel J, Kramer J. Human mesenchymal stromal cells from adipose tissue of the neck. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 269:2561-70. [PMID: 22310837 PMCID: PMC3491196 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-1943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been introduced into the field of tissue-engineered airway transplantation. Since patients with extensive tracheal defects often require an open tracheotomy, this study investigated if MSC could be obtained from the adipose tissue of the neck during this procedure. Cells were isolated by plastic adherence from the adipose tissue of 8 patients. Cell isolates were analyzed for (i) proliferation, (ii) the expression of CD marker molecules and (iii) multilineage differentiation. The isolated spindle-shaped cells showed a high proliferation capacity and the flow cytometric analysis revealed a distinct population meeting the criteria for MSC. Using classical MSC cultivation protocols the characterized cells showed adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation for all analyzed cell isolates. This study was able to demonstrate that sufficient amounts of stem/progenitor cells can be easily isolated from adipose tissue of the neck obtained during open tracheotomy. These cells may be a source for future tracheal replacement therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Böhrnsen
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
de Peppo GM, Palmquist A, Borchardt P, Lennerås M, Hyllner J, Snis A, Lausmaa J, Thomsen P, Karlsson C. Free-form-fabricated commercially pure Ti and Ti6Al4V porous scaffolds support the growth of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesodermal progenitors. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:646417. [PMID: 22262956 PMCID: PMC3259715 DOI: 10.1100/2012/646417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercially-pure titanium (cp-Ti) and the titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy (Ti6Al4V) are widely used as reconstructive implants for skeletal engineering applications, due to their good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and ability to integrate with the surrounding bone. Electron beam melting technology (EBM) allows the fabrication of customized implants with tailored mechanical properties and high potential in the clinical practice. In order to augment the interaction with the biological tissue, stem cells have recently been combined with metallic scaffolds for skeletal engineering applications. We previously demonstrated that human embryonic stem cell-derived mesodermal progenitors (hES-MPs) hold a great potential to provide a homogeneous and unlimited supply of cells for bone engineering applications. This study demonstrates the effect of EBM-fabricated cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V porous scaffolds on hES-MPs behavior, in terms of cell attachment, growth and osteogenic differentiation. Displaying different chemical composition but similar surface properties, EBM-fabricated cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V scaffolds supported cell attachment and growth, and did not seem to alter the expression of genes involved in osteogenic differentiation and affect the alkaline phosphatase activity. In conclusion, interfacing hES-MPs to EBM-fabricated scaffolds may represent an interesting strategy for design of third-generation biomaterials, with the potential to promote implant integration in clinical conditions characterized by poor bone quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M de Peppo
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, 41346 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Abstract
There are many similarities between health issues affecting military and civilian patient populations, with the exception of the relatively small but vital segment of active soldiers who experience high-energy blast injuries during combat. A rising incidence of major injuries from explosive devices in recent campaigns has further complicated treatment and recovery, highlighting the need for tissue regenerative options and intensifying interest in the possible role of stem cells for military medicine. In this review we outline the array of tissue-specific injuries typically seen in modern combat - as well as address a few complications unique to soldiers - and discuss the state of current stem cell research in addressing each area. Embryonic, induced-pluripotent and adult stem cell sources are defined, along with advantages and disadvantages unique to each cell type. More detailed stem cell sources are described in the context of each tissue of interest, including neural, cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal and sensory tissues, with brief discussion of their potential role in regenerative medicine moving forward. Additional commentary is given to military stem cell applications aside from regenerative medicine, such as blood pharming, immunomodulation and drug screening, with an overview of stem cell banking and the unique opportunity provided by the military and civilian overlap of stem cell research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Christopherson
- The National Institutes of Health, The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Lindroos B, Suuronen R, Miettinen S. The potential of adipose stem cells in regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:269-91. [PMID: 20853072 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are an attractive and abundant stem cell source with therapeutic applicability in diverse fields for the repair and regeneration of acute and chronically damaged tissues. Importantly, unlike the human bone marrow stromal/stem stem cells (BMSCs) that are present at low frequency in the bone marrow, ASCs can be retrieved in high number from either liposuction aspirates or subcutaneous adipose tissue fragments and can easily be expanded in vitro. ASCs display properties similar to that observed in BMSCs and, upon induction, undergo at least osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and neurogenic, differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, ASCs have been shown to be immunoprivileged, prevent severe graft-versus-host disease in vitro and in vivo and to be genetically stable in long-term culture. They have also proven applicability in other functions, such as providing hematopoietic support and gene transfer. Due to these characteristics, ASCs have rapidly advanced into clinical trials for treatment of a broad range of conditions. As cell therapies are becoming more frequent, clinical laboratories following good manufacturing practices are needed. At the same time as laboratory processes become more extensive, the need for control in the processing laboratory grows consequently involving a greater risk of complications and possibly adverse events for the recipient. Therefore, the safety, reproducibility and quality of the stem cells must thoroughly be examined prior to extensive use in clinical applications. In this review, some of the aspects of examination on ASCs in vitro and the utilization of ASCs in clinical studies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Lindroos
- Regea-Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Park SH, Cho H, Gil ES, Mandal BB, Min BH, Kaplan DL. Silk-fibrin/hyaluronic acid composite gels for nucleus pulposus tissue regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2999-3009. [PMID: 21736446 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffold designs are critical for in vitro culture of tissue-engineered cartilage in three-dimensional environments to enhance cellular differentiation for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In the present study we demonstrated silk and fibrin/hyaluronic acid (HA) composite gels as scaffolds for nucleus pulposus (NP) cartilage formation, providing both biochemical support for NP outcomes as well as fostering the retention of size of the scaffold during culture due to the combined features of the two proteins. Passage two (P2) human chondrocytes cultured in 10% serum were encapsulated within silk-fibrin/HA gels. Five study groups with fibrin/HA gel culture (F/H) along with varying silk concentrations (2% silk gel only, fibrin/HA gel culture with 1% silk [F/H+1S], 1.5% silk [F/H+1.5S], and 2% silk [F/H+2S]) were cultured in serum-free chondrogenic defined media (CDM) for 4 weeks. Histological examination with alcian blue showed a defined chondrogenic area at 1 week in all groups that widened homogenously until 4 weeks. In particular, chondrogenic differentiation observed in the F/H+1.5S had no reduction in size throughout the culture period. The results of biochemical and molecular biological evaluations supported observations made during histological examination. Mechanical strength measurements showed that the silk mixed gels provided stronger mechanical properties for NP tissue than fibrin/HA composite gels in CDM. This effect could potentially be useful in the study of in vitro NP tissue engineering as well as for clinical implications for NP tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyug Park
- Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Mahmood A, Napoli C, Aldahmash A. In vitro differentiation and maturation of human embryonic stem cell into multipotent cells. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:735420. [PMID: 21845195 PMCID: PMC3154539 DOI: 10.4061/2011/735420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which have the potential to generate virtually any differentiated progeny, are an attractive cell source for transplantation therapy, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. To realize this potential, it is essential to be able to control ESC differentiation and to direct the development of these cells along specific pathways. Basic science in the field of embryonic development, stem cell differentiation, and tissue engineering has offered important insights into key pathways and scaffolds that regulate hESC differentiation, which have produced advances in modeling gastrulation in culture and in the efficient induction of endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm, and many of their downstream derivatives. These findings have lead to identification of several pathways controlling the differentiation of hESCs into mesodermal derivatives such as myoblasts, mesenchymal cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, as well as hemangioblastic derivatives. The next challenge will be to demonstrate the functional utility of these cells, both in vitro and in preclinical models of bone and vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amer Mahmood
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Huff NK, Spencer ND, Gimble JM, Bagby GJ, Nelson S, Lopez MJ. Impaired expansion and multipotentiality of adult stromal cells in a rat chronic alcohol abuse model. Alcohol 2011; 45:393-402. [PMID: 21376503 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that bone maintenance and healing is compromised in alcoholics. Adult bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) and adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) likely contribute to bone homeostasis and formation. Direct and indirect alcohol exposure inhibits osteoprogenitor cell function through a variety of proposed mechanisms. The goal of this study was to characterize the effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on the native number and in vitro growth characteristics and multipotentiality of adult BMSCs and ASCs in a rat model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received a liquid diet containing 36% ethanol or an isocaloric substitution of dextramaltose (control). After 4, 8, or 12 weeks of the diet, ASCs were harvested from epididymal adipose tissue and BMSCs from femoral and tibial bone marrow. Cell doublings (CDs) per day and doubling times (DTs) were determined for primary cells (P0) and cell passages 1 through 6 (P1-P6). Fibroblastic (CFU-F), adipogenic (CFU-Ad), and osteogenic (CFU-Ob) colony-forming unit (CFU) frequencies were assessed for P0, P3, and P6. The CDs and DTs were lower and higher, respectively, for ASCs and BMSCs harvested from ethanol versus control rats at all time points. The CFU-F, CFU-Ad, and CFU-Ob were significantly higher in ASCs harvested from control versus ethanol rats for P0, P3, and P6 at all times. Both CFU-Ad and CFU-Ob were significantly higher in P0 BMSCs harvested from control versus ethanol rats after 12 weeks of the diet. The CFU-Ob for P3 BMSCs from control rats was significantly higher than those from ethanol rats after 8 and 12 weeks on the diet. All three CFU frequencies in ASCs from ethanol rats tended to decrease with increasing diet duration. The ASC cell and colony morphology was different between control and ethanol cohorts in culture. These results emphasize the significant detrimental effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on the in vitro expansion and multipotentiality of adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Maintenance of the effects through multiple cell passages in vitro suggests cells may be permanently compromised.
Collapse
|
62
|
Bai Y, Wang J, Wu JP, Dai JX, Sha O, Tai Wai Yew D, Yuan L, Liang QN. Review of evidence suggesting that the fascia network could be the anatomical basis for acupoints and meridians in the human body. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2011:260510. [PMID: 21584283 PMCID: PMC3092510 DOI: 10.1155/2011/260510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The anatomical basis for the concept of meridians in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has not been resolved. This paper reviews the evidence supporting a relationship between acupuncture points/meridians and fascia. The reviewed evidence supports the view that the human body's fascia network may be the physical substrate represented by the meridians of TCM. Specifically, this hypothesis is supported by anatomical observations of body scan data demonstrating that the fascia network resembles the theoretical meridian system in salient ways, as well as physiological, histological, and clinical observations. This view represents a theoretical basis and means for applying modern biomedical research to examining TCM principles and therapies, and it favors a holistic approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin-peng Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing-xing Dai
- Department of Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ou Sha
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - David Tai Wai Yew
- Department of Anatomy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiu-ni Liang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Wilson A, Butler PE, Seifalian AM. Adipose-derived stem cells for clinical applications: a review. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:86-98. [PMID: 21199013 PMCID: PMC6496460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells derived from adipose tissue as an autologous and self-replenishing source for a variety of differentiated cell phenotypes, provides a great deal of promise for reconstructive surgery. In this article, we review available literature encompassing methods of extraction of pluripotent adipose stem cells (ASCs) from lipoaspirate locations, their storage, options for culture, growth and differentiation, cryopreservation and its effect on stem cell survival and proliferation, and new technologies involving biomaterials and scaffolds. We will conclude by assessing potential avenues for developing this incredibly promising field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wilson
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Park A, Hogan MV, Kesturu GS, James R, Balian G, Chhabra AB. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells treated with growth differentiation factor-5 express tendon-specific markers. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:2941-51. [PMID: 20575691 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a unique population of stem cells with therapeutic potential in the treatment of connective tissue injuries. Growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF)-5 is known to play a role in tendon repair and maintenance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GDF-5 on proliferation and tendonogenic gene expression of rat ADMSCs. METHODS ADMSCs were treated in culture with different concentrations of GDF-5 (0-1000 ng/mL) for 12 days. Biochemical, temporal, and concentration kinetic studies were done. Extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, tendonogenic differentiation, and matrix remodeling gene and protein expression were analyzed. RESULTS GDF-5 led to increased ADMSC proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ADMSCs demonstrated enhanced ECM (collagen type I, decorin, and aggrecan) and tendonogenic marker (scleraxis, tenomodulin, and tenascin-C) gene expression with 100 ng/mL of GDF-5 (p < 0.05). ECM and tendon-specific markers showed time-dependent increases at various time points (p < 0.05), although decorin decreased at day 9 (p < 0.05). GDF-5 did alter expression of matrix remodeling genes, with no specific trends observed. Western blot analysis confirmed dose- and time-dependent increases in protein expression of tenomodulin, tenascin-C, Smad-8, and matrix metalloproteinase-13. CONCLUSION In vitro GDF-5 treatment can induce cellular events leading to the tendonogenic differentiation of ADMSCs. The use of combined GDF-5 and ADMSCs tissue-engineered therapies may have a role in the future of tendon repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Park
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Nucleus pulposus tissue engineering: a brief review. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2009; 18:1564-72. [PMID: 19603198 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-009-1092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Symptomatic intervertebral disc degeneration is associated with several spinal diseases, which cause losses of life quality and money. Tissue engineering provides a promising approach to recover the functionality of the degenerative intervertebral disc. Most studies are directed toward nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue engineering because disc degeneration is believed to originate in NP region, and considerable progress has been made in the past decade. Before this important technique is utilized for clinical treatment of disc degeneration, many challenges need to address including in all three principal components of tissue engineering, i.e., seed cells, signals and biomaterial scaffolds. This article briefly gives certain aspects of state of the art in this field, as well as pays a little more attention to our work published in the past 5 years, on growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and heparin functionalization of scaffold. We suggest that combinatorial application of ADSCs, GDF-5, heparin functionalization and injectable hydrogels will be advantageous in NP tissue engineering.
Collapse
|