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Zhang Z, Zhao H, Chu C, Fu X, Liu Y, Wang L, Wei R, Xu K, Li L, Li X. The emerging roles of TLR and cGAS signaling in tumorigenesis and progression of ovarian cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1072670. [PMID: 36588690 PMCID: PMC9800838 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1072670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is fatal to women and has a high mortality rate. Although on-going efforts are never stopped in identifying diagnostic and intervention strategies, the disease is so far unable to be well managed. The most important reason for this is the complexity of pathogenesis for OC, and therefore, uncovering the essential molecular biomarkers accompanied with OC progression takes the privilege for OC remission. Inflammation has been reported to participate in the initiation and progression of OC. Both microenvironmental and tumor cell intrinsic inflammatory signals contribute to the malignancy of OC. Inflammation responses can be triggered by various kinds of stimulus, including endogenous damages and exogenous pathogens, which are initially recognized and orchestrated by a series of innate immune system related receptors, especially Toll like receptors, and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase. In this review, we will discuss the roles of innate immune system related receptors, including TLRs and cGAS, and responses both intrinsic and exogenetic in the development and treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Zhen Zhang, ; Xia Li,
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chu Chu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonglin Liu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Wei
- School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Zhen Zhang, ; Xia Li,
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Clinical Significance of Tie-2-Expressing Monocytes/Macrophages and Angiopoietins in the Progression of Ovarian Cancer-State-of-the-Art. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233851. [PMID: 36497114 PMCID: PMC9737633 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour growth and metastasis are specific to advanced stages of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Tumour angiogenesis is an essential part of these processes. It is responsible for providing tumours with nutrients, metabolites, and cytokines and facilitates tumour and immune cell relocation. Destabilised vasculature, a distinctive feature of tumours, is also responsible for compromising drug delivery into the bulk. Angiogenesis is a complex process that largely depends on how the tumour microenvironment (TME) is composed and how a specific organ is formed. There are contrary reports on whether Tie-2-expressing monocytes/macrophages (TEMs) reported as the proangiogenic population of monocytes have any impact on tumour development. The aim of this paper is to summarise knowledge about ovarian-cancer-specific angiogenesis and the unique role of Tie-2-expressing monocytes/macrophages in this process. The significance of this cell subpopulation for the pathophysiology of EOC remains to be investigated.
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Rajtak A, Ostrowska-Leśko M, Żak K, Tarkowski R, Kotarski J, Okła K. Integration of local and systemic immunity in ovarian cancer: Implications for immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018256. [PMID: 36439144 PMCID: PMC9684707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that induces many local and systemic changes in immunity. The difficult nature of ovarian cancer stems from the lack of characteristic symptoms that contributes to a delayed diagnosis and treatment. Despite the enormous progress in immunotherapy, its efficacy remains limited. The heterogeneity of tumors, lack of diagnostic biomarkers, and complex immune landscape are the main challenges in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Integrative approaches that combine the tumor microenvironment - local immunity - together with periphery - systemic immunity - are urgently needed to improve the understanding of the disease and the efficacy of treatment. In fact, multiparametric analyses are poised to improve our understanding of ovarian tumor immunology. We outline an integrative approach including local and systemic immunity in ovarian cancer. Understanding the nature of both localized and systemic immune responses will be crucial to boosting the efficacy of immunotherapies in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Rajtak
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Ostrowska-Leśko
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Żak
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Student Scientific Association, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Tarkowski
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Kotarski
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Okła
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Wang J, Xie Y, Qin D, Zhong S, Hu X. CXCL12, a potential modulator of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of bladder cancer: From a comprehensive analysis of TCGA database. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1031706. [PMID: 36419891 PMCID: PMC9676933 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1031706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays a significant role in the initiation and progression of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). However, there are only a few researches regarding the association between immune-related genes and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in TIME of BLCA. METHODS We calculated the proportion of immune/stromal component and TICs of 414 BLCA samples and 19 normal samples downloaded from TCGA database with the help of ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the comparison between Stromal and Immune Score and further analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, as well as PPI network and COX regression analysis. CXCL12 was overlapping among the above analyses. Single gene analysis of CXCL12 was carried out through difference analysis, paired analysis and GSEA. The association between CXCL12 and TICs was assessed by difference analysis and correlation analysis. RESULTS Immune and stromal component in TIME of BLCA were associated with patients' clinicopathological characteristics. 284 DEGs were primarily enriched in immune-associated activities, among which CXCL12 was the most significant gene sharing the leading nodes in PPI network and being closely related with patients' survival. Single gene analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed that CXCL12 was down-regulated in BLCA samples and significantly related with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Further analysis suggested that CXCL12 was involved in the immune-associated activities probably through its close cross-talk with TICs. CONCLUSIONS CXCL12 down-regulation could be a potential biomarker to predict the unbalanced immune status of TIME of BLCA, which might provide an extra insight for the immunotherapy of BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhao Xie
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Qin
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanliang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Peng H, He X, Wang Q. Targeted drug delivery system for ovarian cancer microenvironment: Improving the effects of immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035997. [PMID: 36405688 PMCID: PMC9670735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have shown modest benefits in the current clinical trials for ovarian cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in an immunosuppressive phenotype contributes to this “failure” of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer. Many stromal cell types in the TME (e.g., tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts) have been identified as having plasticity in pro- and antitumor activities and are responsible for suppressing the antitumor immune response. Thus, the TME is an extremely valuable target for adjuvant interventions to improve the effects of immunotherapy. The current strategies targeting the TME include: 1) eliminating immunosuppressive cells or transforming them into immunostimulatory phenotypes and 2) inhibiting their immunosuppressive or pro-tumor production. Most of the effective agents used in the above strategies are genetic materials (e.g., cDNA, mRNA, or miRNA), proteins, or other small molecules (e.g., peptides), which are limited in their target and instability. Various formulations of drug delivery system (DDS) have been designed to realize the controlled release and targeting delivery of these agents to the tumor sites. Nanoparticles and liposomes are the most frequently exploited materials. Based on current evidence from preclinical and clinical studies, the future of the DDS is promising in cancer immunotherapy since the combination of agents with a DDS has shown increased efficacy and decreased toxicities compared with free agents. In the future, more efforts are needed to further identify the hallmarks and biomarkers in the ovarian TME, which is crucial for the development of more effective, safe, and personalized DDSs.
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Schoutrop E, Moyano-Galceran L, Lheureux S, Mattsson J, Lehti K, Dahlstrand H, Magalhaes I. Molecular, cellular and systemic aspects of epithelial ovarian cancer and its tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:207-223. [PMID: 35395389 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies that involve the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the peritoneal cavity. Despite major advances made within the field of cancer, the majority of patients with ovarian cancer are still being diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease due to lack of effective screening tools. The overall survival of these patients has, therefore, not substantially improved over the past decades. Most patients undergo debulking surgery and treatment with chemotherapy, but often micrometastases remain and acquire resistance to the therapy, eventually leading to disease recurrence. Here, we summarize the current knowledge in epithelial ovarian cancer development and metastatic progression. For the most common subtypes, we focus further on the properties and functions of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix. Current and future treatment modalities are discussed and finally we provide an overview of the different experimental models used to develop novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Schoutrop
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lidia Moyano-Galceran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Gloria and Seymour Epstein Chair in Cell Therapy and Transplantation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanna Dahlstrand
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medical unit Pelvic Cancer, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Isabelle Magalhaes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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57
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Ruiz M, Zhang N, Sood AK, An Z. Antibody therapeutics for epithelial ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:1379-1391. [PMID: 36302510 PMCID: PMC10375545 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2141565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is an aggressive subtype of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) and remains the most lethal gynecologic cancer. A lack of effective and tolerable therapeutic options and nonspecific symptoms at presentation with advanced stage of disease are among the challenges in the management of the disease. AREAS COVERED An overview of ovarian cancer, followed by a discussion of the current therapeutic regimes and challenges that arise during and after the treatment of EOC. We discuss different formats of antibody therapeutics and their usage in targeting validated targets implicated in ovarian cancer, as well as three emerging novel proteins as examples recently implicated in their contribution to adaptive resistance in ovarian cancer. EXPERT OPINION Antibody therapeutics allow for a unique and effective way to target proteins implicated in cancer and other diseases, and have the potential to radically change the outcomes of patients suffering from ovarian cancer. The vast array of targets that have been implicated in ovarian cancer and yet the lack of effective therapeutic options for patients further stresses the importance of discovering novel proteins that can be targeted, as well as predictive biomarkers that can inform the stratification of patients into treatment-specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Ruiz
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Hu X, Bian C, Zhao X, Yi T. Efficacy evaluation of multi-immunotherapy in ovarian cancer: From bench to bed. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034903. [PMID: 36275669 PMCID: PMC9582991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, one of the most common gynecological malignancies, is characterized by high mortality and poor prognosis. Cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy remain the mainstay of ovarian cancer treatment, and most women experience recurrence after standard care therapies. There is compelling evidence that ovarian cancer is an immunogenic tumor. For example, the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with increased survival, while increases in immunosuppressive regulatory T cells are correlated with poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, immunotherapies targeting components of the tumor microenvironment have been gradually integrated into the existing treatment options, including immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer vaccines. Immunotherapies have changed guidelines for maintenance treatment and established a new paradigm in ovarian cancer treatment. Despite single immunotherapies targeting DNA repair mechanisms, immune checkpoints, and angiogenesis bringing inspiring efficacy, only a subset of patients can benefit much from it. Thus, the multi-immunotherapy investigation remains an active area for ovarian cancer treatment. The current review provides an overview of various clinically oriented forms of multi-immunotherapy and explores potentially effective combinational therapies for ovarian cancer.
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Ding H, Zhang J, Zhang F, Xu Y, Yu Y, Liang W, Li Q. Role of Cancer-Associated fibroblast in the pathogenesis of ovarian Cancer: Focus on the latest therapeutic approaches. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Konishi I, Abiko K, Hayashi T, Yamanoi K, Murakami R, Yamaguchi K, Hamanishi J, Baba T, Matsumura N, Mandai M. Peritoneal dissemination of high-grade serous ovarian cancer: pivotal roles of chromosomal instability and epigenetic dynamics. J Gynecol Oncol 2022; 33:e83. [PMID: 36032027 PMCID: PMC9428305 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2022.33.e83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer remains the lethal gynecological malignancy in women. The representative histotype is high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), and most patients with HGSC present at advanced stages with peritoneal dissemination. Since the peritoneal dissemination is the most important factor for poor prognosis of the patients, complete exploration for its molecular mechanisms is mandatory. In this narrative review, being based on the clinical, pathologic, and genomic findings of HGSC, chromosomal instability and epigenetic dynamics have been discussed as the potential drivers for cancer development in the fallopian tube, acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties, and peritoneal metastasis of HGSC. The natural history of carcinogenesis with clonal evolution, and adaptation to microenvironment of peritoneal dissemination of HGSC should be targeted in the novel development of strategies for prevention, early detection, and precision treatment for patients with HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Konishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Abiko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuma Hayashi
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanoi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Murakami
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals the Relation between TRMT112 and Tumor Microenvironment. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1445932. [PMID: 36081672 PMCID: PMC9448524 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1445932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated epigenetic modifications play a critical role in cancer development where TRMT112 is a member of the transfer RNA (tRNA) methyltransferase family. Till now, no studies have revealed the linkage between TRMT112 expression and diverse types of tumors. Based on TCGA data, we first probed into the relation between TRMT112 and prognosis and the potential role of TRMT112 in tumor microenvironment across 33 types of tumor. TRMT112 presented with increased expression in most cancers, which was significantly prognostic. Furthermore, TRMT112 was associated with tumor-associated fibroblasts in a variety of cancers. Additionally, a positive relationship was identified between TRMT112 expression and multiple tumor-related immune infiltrations, such as dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, and B cells in lung adenocarcinoma and breast invasive carcinoma. In summary, our results suggest that TRMT112 might be a potential prognostic predictor of cancers and involved in regulating multiple cancer-related immune responses to some extent.
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Awada A, Ahmad S, McKenzie ND, Holloway RW. Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer: Current Perspectives. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:853-866. [PMID: 35982728 PMCID: PMC9379118 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s335936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. The gold standard therapeutic approach is a combination of surgery plus chemotherapy. Unfortunately, 80% of patients with EOC suffer recurrence within 2-years and the overall response rate for platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer to cytotoxic chemotherapy or poly-(adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor is modest. New therapies are needed to improve overall survival. The role of immunotherapy has been established in endometrial and cervical cancers, however its effective use in EOC has been limited due to the intrinsic genomics and micro-immune environment associated with EOC. Studies evaluating immunotherapy, largely immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), have shown limited activity, yet some patients benefit greatly. Thus, significant efforts must be devoted to finding new strategies for the use of immunotherapy/immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). Immunotherapy has a well-tolerated safety profile; however, cost-effectiveness can be an obstacle. The aim of this article is to review the most recent research into the use of IMiDs in patients with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Awada
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Gynecologic Oncology Program, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Gynecologic Oncology Program, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Nathalie D McKenzie
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Gynecologic Oncology Program, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Robert W Holloway
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Gynecologic Oncology Program, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
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Cardinal O, Burlot C, Fu Y, Crosley P, Hitt M, Craig M, Jenner AL. Establishing combination PAC‐1 and TRAIL regimens for treating ovarian cancer based on patient‐specific pharmacokinetic profiles using
in silico
clinical trials. COMPUTATIONAL AND SYSTEMS ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cso2.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Cardinal
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Chloé Burlot
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Yangxin Fu
- Department of Oncology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Powel Crosley
- Department of Oncology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Mary Hitt
- Department of Oncology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Morgan Craig
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
- Research Centre Sainte‐Justine University Hospital Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Adrianne L. Jenner
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
- Research Centre Sainte‐Justine University Hospital Montréal Quebec Canada
- School of Mathematical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland
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Identification of an Immune Gene-Based Cisplatin Response Model and CD27 as a Therapeutic Target against Cisplatin Resistance for Ovarian Cancer. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4379216. [PMID: 35647204 PMCID: PMC9133897 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4379216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Evidence demonstrates that the immune microenvironment is extensively associated with chemotherapy response of ovarian cancer (OV). Herein, this study is aimed at establishing a cisplatin response prediction model for OV on the basis of immune genes. Methods. The expression profiles of cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant OV specimens were integrated from multiple public datasets. The abundance scores of 22 immune cells were estimated with CIBERSORT algorithm. Differentially expressed immune genes (DEGs) were determined between cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant groups. Thereafter, a cisplatin response model was constructed based on prognostic DEGs with logistic regression analysis. The prediction performance was validated in independent cohorts. The possible relationships between the model and immunotherapy were then assessed. Results. Treg scores were significantly decreased in cisplatin-resistant than cisplatin-sensitive OV specimens, with the opposite results for naïve B cells and activated dendritic cells. Fourteen prognostic DEGs were identified and used to develop a cisplatin-response model. The response scores, estimated by the model, showed favorable performance in discriminating cisplatin-response and nonresponse samples. The response scores also presented significantly negative correlations with three well-known cisplatin-resistant pathways and a positive correlation with the expression of CD274 (PD-L1). Moreover, the decreased CD27 expression was observed in cisplatin-resistant groups, and OV specimens with higher CD27 expressions were more sensitive to cisplatin treatment. Conclusion. Altogether, our findings proposed a cisplatin response prediction model and identified CD27 that might be involved in cisplatin resistance. Further investigations suggested that CD27 could be a promising immunotherapeutic target for cisplatin-resistant subset of OV.
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Wu W, Zhou S, Liu T, Liang D. Mitochondrial transcription factor B2 overexpression increases M2 macrophage infiltration via cytosolic mitochondrial DNA-stimulated Interleukin-6 secretion in ovarian cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12211-12223. [PMID: 35577351 PMCID: PMC9275939 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2074615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transcription factor B2 (TFB2M) is a protein modulating both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription and compacting. In this study, we explored the expression profile of TFB2M in ovarian cancer, its association with infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and its influence on macrophage polarization. Serial sections of ovarian cancer tissue arrays were stained to detect TFB2M and CD163 expression. Epithelial ovarian cancer cell line OVISE and CAOV4 were used to assess the influence of TFB2M on IL-6 expression. THP-1 cells were utilized as an in vitro model for macrophage migration and polarization. Results showed that higher TFB2M expression is associated with poor survival in ovarian cancer patients. IHC staining confirmed a moderately positive correlation between TFB2M expression and the infiltration of CD163-positive cells in 68 primary ovarian cancer cases. TFB2M overexpression was associated with increased mtDNA outside the mitochondria and elevated IL-6 expression in ovarian cancer cells. When cytosolic mtDNA was selectively inhibited by DNase I, TFB2M-induced IL-6 upregulation was canceled. TFB2M overexpression could activate the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway via promoting nucleus entry of p65 and p-p65, which was abrogated by inhibiting cytosolic mtDNA, TLR9, or NF-κB signaling pathway. Conditioned medium from OIVSE cells with TFB2M overexpression could induce macrophage migration and M2 polarization. However, these inducing effects were abrogated by DNase I, TLR9 inhibitor, and anti-IL-6 R pretreatment. In conclusion, this study showed a novel role of TFB2M in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. It promotes M2 macrophage infiltration via a cytosolic mtDNA/TLR9/NF-κB/IL-6 pathway in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Wu
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Liu
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongni Liang
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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66
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Fisetin-induced cell death in human ovarian cancer cell lines via zbp1-mediated necroptosis. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:57. [PMID: 35538559 PMCID: PMC9092675 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-00984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among reproductive cancers, ovarian cancer leads to the highest female mortality rate. Fisetin, a natural flavonoid, exerts pharmacological effects, inhibiting cancer growth with various origins. Although multiple mechanisms are involved in regulating cell death, it is still unclear whether and how fisetin exhibits anticancer effects on ovarian cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate cell apoptotic and necroptotic processes occurring in ovarian carcinoma (OC) cell lines induced by fisetin. Methods Cell growth was evaluated by MTT assay in OC cell lines treated with or without fisetin. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry was used to characterize fisetin-induced cell death. The apoptotic process was suppressed by z-VAD intervention, and cell necroptosis was assessed by introducing ZBP1-knockdown OC cell lines coupled with fisetin intervention. The expression of necroptosis-related mediators and the migration capability of the respective cells were evaluated by Western blotting and in vitro cell invasion assay. Result Fisetin successfully reduced cell growth in both OC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Both apoptosis and necroptosis were induced by fisetin. Suppression of the cell apoptotic process failed to enhance the proliferation of fisetin-treated cells. The induced cell death and robust expression of the necroptotic markers RIP3 and MLKL were alleviated by knocking down the expression of the ZBP1 protein in both OC cell lines. Conclusion The present study provided in vitro evidence supporting the involvement of both apoptosis and necroptosis in fisetin-induced OC cell death, while ZBP1 regulates the necroptotic process via the RIP3/MLKL pathway.
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Chehade H, Tedja R, Ramos H, Bawa TS, Adzibolosu N, Gogoi R, Mor G, Alvero AB. Regulatory Role of the Adipose Microenvironment on Ovarian Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092267. [PMID: 35565396 PMCID: PMC9101128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adipocytes or fat cells are integral part of the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Secreted factors from adipocytes, as well as direct cell-to-cell interaction with ovarian cancer cells have been shown to directly support ovarian tumor progression. Elucidating the molecular pathways involved is crucial in the identification of relevant targets. Abstract The tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer is the peritoneal cavity wherein adipose tissue is a major component. The role of the adipose tissue in support of ovarian cancer progression has been elucidated in several studies from the past decades. The adipocytes, in particular, are a major source of factors, which regulate all facets of ovarian cancer progression such as acquisition of chemoresistance, enhanced metastatic potential, and metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the relevant studies, which highlight the role of adipocytes in ovarian cancer progression and offer insights into unanswered questions and possible future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Chehade
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Roslyn Tedja
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Harry Ramos
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Tejeshwar Singh Bawa
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Nicholas Adzibolosu
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Radhika Gogoi
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Gil Mor
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ayesha B. Alvero
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.C.); (R.T.); (H.R.); (T.S.B.); (N.A.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence:
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Bose S, Saha P, Chatterjee B, Srivastava AK. Chemokines driven ovarian cancer progression, metastasis and chemoresistance: potential pharmacological targets for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:568-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Braccini S, Tacchini C, Chiellini F, Puppi D. Polymeric Hydrogels for In Vitro 3D Ovarian Cancer Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063265. [PMID: 35328686 PMCID: PMC8954571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) grows and interacts constantly with a complex microenvironment, in which immune cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, signal molecules and the extracellular matrix (ECM) coexist. This heterogeneous environment provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells and undergoes constant and dynamic remodeling that actively promotes tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Despite the fact that traditional 2D cell culture systems have led to relevant medical advances in cancer research, 3D cell culture models could open new possibilities for the development of an in vitro tumor microenvironment more closely reproducing that observed in vivo. The implementation of materials science and technology into cancer research has enabled significant progress in the study of cancer progression and drug screening, through the development of polymeric scaffold-based 3D models closely recapitulating the physiopathological features of native tumor tissue. This article provides an overview of state-of-the-art in vitro tumor models with a particular focus on 3D OC cell culture in pre-clinical studies. The most representative OC models described in the literature are presented with a focus on hydrogel-based scaffolds, which guarantee soft tissue-like physical properties as well as a suitable 3D microenvironment for cell growth. Hydrogel-forming polymers of either natural or synthetic origin investigated in this context are described by highlighting their source of extraction, physical-chemical properties, and application for 3D ovarian cancer cell culture.
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Lee AH, Mejia Peña C, Dawson MR. Comparing the Secretomes of Chemorefractory and Chemoresistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Populations. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1418. [PMID: 35326569 PMCID: PMC8946241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) constitutes the majority of all ovarian cancer cases and has staggering rates of both refractory and recurrent disease. While most patients respond to the initial treatment with paclitaxel and platinum-based drugs, up to 25% do not, and of the remaining that do, 75% experience disease recurrence within the subsequent two years. Intrinsic resistance in refractory cases is driven by environmental stressors like tumor hypoxia which alter the tumor microenvironment to promote cancer progression and resistance to anticancer drugs. Recurrent disease describes the acquisition of chemoresistance whereby cancer cells survive the initial exposure to chemotherapy and develop adaptations to enhance their chances of surviving subsequent treatments. Of the environmental stressors cancer cells endure, exposure to hypoxia has been identified as a potent trigger and priming agent for the development of chemoresistance. Both in the presence of the stress of hypoxia or the therapeutic stress of chemotherapy, cancer cells manage to cope and develop adaptations which prime populations to survive in future stress. One adaptation is the modification in the secretome. Chemoresistance is associated with translational reprogramming for increased protein synthesis, ribosome biogenesis, and vesicle trafficking. This leads to increased production of soluble proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs) involved in autocrine and paracrine signaling processes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that these factors are largely altered between the secretomes of chemosensitive and chemoresistant patients. Such factors include cytokines, growth factors, EVs, and EV-encapsulated microRNAs (miRNAs), which serve to induce invasive molecular, biophysical, and chemoresistant phenotypes in neighboring normal and cancer cells. This review examines the modifications in the secretome of distinct chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell populations and specific secreted factors, which may serve as candidate biomarkers for aggressive and chemoresistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Lee
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Carolina Mejia Peña
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Michelle R. Dawson
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
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Cheng Q, Li L, Yu M. Construction and validation of a transcription factors-based prognostic signature for ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:29. [PMID: 35227285 PMCID: PMC8886838 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common and lethal malignant tumors worldwide and the prognosis of OC remains unsatisfactory. Transcription factors (TFs) are demonstrated to be associated with the clinical outcome of many types of cancers, yet their roles in the prognostic prediction and gene regulatory network in patients with OC need to be further investigated. METHODS TFs from GEO datasets were collected and analyzed. Differential expression analysis, WGCNA and Cox-LASSO regression model were used to identify the hub-TFs and a prognostic signature based on these TFs was constructed and validated. Moreover, tumor-infiltrating immune cells were analyzed, and a nomogram containing age, histology, FIGO_stage and TFs-based signature were established. Potential biological functions, pathways and the gene regulatory network of TFs in signature was also explored. RESULTS In this study, 6 TFs significantly associated with the prognosis of OC were identified. These TFs were used to build up a TFs-based signature for predicting the survival of patients with OC. Patients with OC in training and testing datasets were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups, according to the median value of risk scores determined by the signature. The two groups were further used to validate the performance of the signature, and the results showed the TFs-based signature had effective prediction ability. Immune infiltrating analysis was conducted and abundance of B cells naïve, T cells CD4 memory resting, Macrophages M2 and Mast cells activated were significantly higher in high-risk group. A nomogram based on the signature was established and illustrated good predictive efficiencies for 1, 2, and 3-year overall survival. Furthermore, the construction of the TFs-target gene regulatory network revealed the potential mechanisms of TFs in OC. CONCLUSIONS To our best knowledge, it is for the first time to develop a prognostic signature based on TFs in OC. The TFs-based signature is proven to be effective in predicting the survival of patients with OC. Our study may facilitate the clinical decision-making for patients with OC and help to elucidate the underlying mechanism of TFs in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Cheng
- Department of Andrology/Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liman Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxia Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Singh T, Neal A, Dibernardo G, Raheseparian N, Moatamed NA, Memarzadeh S. Efficacy of birinapant in combination with carboplatin in targeting platinum‑resistant epithelial ovarian cancers. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:35. [PMID: 35191515 PMCID: PMC8878637 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) often suffer from disease relapse associated with the emergence of resistance to standard platinum‑based chemotherapy. Treatment of patients with chemo‑resistant disease remains a clinical challenge. One mechanism of chemoresistance includes overexpression of pro‑survival proteins called inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) which enable cancer cells to evade apoptosis. Due to their anti‑apoptotic activity, association with poor prognosis, and correlation with therapy resistance in multiple malignancies, IAP proteins have become an attractive target for development of anticancer therapeutics. Second mitochondrial activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetics are the most widely used IAP antagonists currently being tested in clinical trials as a monotherapy and in combination with different chemotherapeutic drugs to target different types of cancer. In the present study, the antitumor efficacy of combination therapy with birinapant, a bivalent SMAC mimetic compound, and carboplatin to target platinum‑resistant EOC cells was investigated. A 3D organoid bioassay was utilized to test the efficacy of the combination therapy in a panel of 7 EOC cell lines and 10 platinum‑resistant primary patient tumor samples. Findings from the in vitro studies demonstrated that the birinapant and carboplatin combination was effective in targeting a subset of ovarian cancer cell lines and platinum‑resistant primary patient tumor samples. This combination therapy was also effective in vitro and in vivo in targeting a platinum‑resistant patient‑derived xenograft (PDX) model established from one of the patient tumors tested. Overall, our study demonstrated that birinapant and carboplatin combination could target a subset of platinum‑resistant ovarian cancers and also highlights the potential of the 3D organoid bioassay as a preclinical tool to assess the response to chemotherapy or targeted therapies in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Correspondence to: Dr Sanaz Memarzadeh or Dr Tanya Singh, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, 3018 Terasaki Life Sciences Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Adam Neal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gabriella Dibernardo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neela Raheseparian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neda A. Moatamed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sanaz Memarzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,The VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA,Correspondence to: Dr Sanaz Memarzadeh or Dr Tanya Singh, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, 3018 Terasaki Life Sciences Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, E-mail: , E-mail:
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Buttarelli M, Ciucci A, Palluzzi F, Raspaglio G, Marchetti C, Perrone E, Minucci A, Giacò L, Fagotti A, Scambia G, Gallo D. Identification of a novel gene signature predicting response to first-line chemotherapy in BRCA wild-type high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:50. [PMID: 35120576 PMCID: PMC8815250 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) has poor survival rates due to a combination of diagnosis at advanced stage and disease recurrence as a result of chemotherapy resistance. In BRCA1 (Breast Cancer gene 1) - or BRCA2-wild type (BRCAwt) HGSOC patients, resistance and progressive disease occur earlier and more often than in mutated BRCA. Identification of biomarkers helpful in predicting response to first-line chemotherapy is a challenge to improve BRCAwt HGSOC management. METHODS To identify a gene signature that can predict response to first-line chemotherapy, pre-treatment tumor biopsies from a restricted cohort of BRCAwt HGSOC patients were profiled by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology. Patients were sub-grouped according to platinum-free interval (PFI), into sensitive (PFI > 12 months) and resistant (PFI < 6 months). The gene panel identified by RNA-seq analysis was then tested by high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR (HT RT-qPCR) in a validation cohort, and statistical/bioinformatic methods were used to identify eligible markers and to explore the relevant pathway/gene network enrichments of the identified gene set. Finally, a panel of primary HGSOC cell lines was exploited to uncover cell-autonomous mechanisms of resistance. RESULTS RNA-seq identified a 42-gene panel discriminating sensitive and resistant BRCAwt HGSOC patients and pathway analysis pointed to the immune system as a possible driver of chemotherapy response. From the extended cohort analysis of the 42 DEGs (differentially expressed genes), a statistical approach combined with the random forest classifier model generated a ten-gene signature predictive of response to first-line chemotherapy. The ten-gene signature included: CKB (Creatine kinase B), CTNNBL1 (Catenin, beta like 1), GNG11 (G protein subunit gamma 11), IGFBP7 (Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7), PLCG2 (Phospholipase C, gamma 2), RNF24 (Ring finger protein 24), SLC15A3 (Solute carrier family 15 member 3), TSPAN31 (Tetraspanin 31), TTI1 (TELO2 interacting protein 1) and UQCC1 (Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex assembly factor). Cytotoxicity assays, combined with gene-expression analysis in primary HGSOC cell lines, allowed to define CTNNBL1, RNF24, and TTI1 as cell-autonomous contributors to tumor resistance. CONCLUSIONS Using machine-learning techniques we have identified a gene signature that could predict response to first-line chemotherapy in BRCAwt HGSOC patients, providing a useful tool towards personalized treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Buttarelli
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ciucci
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Palluzzi
- Bioinformatics Facility Core Research, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP) Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Raspaglio
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Marchetti
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuele Perrone
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Angelo Minucci
- Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics Unit (MGDUnit), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Luciano Giacò
- Bioinformatics Facility Core Research, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP) Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Fagotti
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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Oleanolic Acid (OA) Targeting UNC5B Inhibits Proliferation and EMT of Ovarian Cancer Cell and Increases Chemotherapy Sensitivity of Niraparib. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5887671. [PMID: 35035481 PMCID: PMC8758276 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5887671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of OA on proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting UNC5B and to study its mechanism. Methods TCGA database was used to analyze the expression of UNC5B in ovarian cancer and its relationship with prognosis. The expression of UNC5B in ovarian cancer cells was detected by qPCR assay. qRT-PCR was used to detect the changes of EMT markers after different treatments. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation, transwell assay was used to evaluate cell migration, and clonogenesis assay was used to evaluate the effect of UNC5B on ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of OA on niraparib was evaluated. Results UNC5B was highly expressed in ovarian cancer, and its expression was negatively correlated with the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. UNC5B was highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 and OVCA420 compared with normal ovarian epithelial cells. In addition, silencing UNC5B inhibits the proliferation, invasion, clonogenesis, and EMT processes of ovarian cancer cells. OA inhibits proliferation, invasion, and clonogenesis of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting UNC5B and increases the antitumor activity of niraparib. Conclusion UNC5B acts as an oncogenic gene in ovarian cancer. OA inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and EMT by targeting UNC5B and increases the antitumor effect of niraparib. UNC5B is expected to be a new potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. OA may be used as an antitumor drug and deserves further study.
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75
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Teng QL, Yang XR, Wen S, Dai ZH, Wang HL, Liu TQ, Wang L, Fan B, Liu ZY. Immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells expression in the tumor microenvironment of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate. Asian J Androl 2022; 24:525-532. [PMID: 35042311 PMCID: PMC9491031 DOI: 10.4103/aja202186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the prostate is a rare neoplasm. However, its potential tumorigenic mechanism, clinicopathological features, and prognostic outcome have not been systematically described. To determine the pathogenic mechanism, we detected distributions of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed death 1 (PD-1), and cellular components in the tumor microenvironment, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD4 and CD8), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs; CD163 and CD68), and tumor-associated fibroblasts (vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]), in tumor tissues from four patients with primary prostatic SRCC compared with corresponding adjacent tissues and tumor tissues from 30 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) by immunohistochemical staining. We found higher expression of PD-L1, CD163, and CD68 in primary SRCC specimens than that in both corresponding adjacent nontumor specimens and PCa specimens with different Gleason scores, indicating that TAMs may participate in the malignant biological behavior of primary SRCC of the prostate. For further analysis, we searched electronic journal databases and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) to identify 200 eligible patients including our four cases. According to Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis, patients <68 years old, with radical prostatectomy (RP), Gleason score of 7–8, and lower clinical stage had longer overall survival (OS). Moreover, Cox multivariate analysis indicated that race (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.422), surgical approach (HR = 1.654), and Gleason score (HR = 2.162) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Therefore, primary SRCC of the prostate represents a distinct and aggressive subtype of prostate cancer associated with a higher distribution of PD-L1 and TAMs, which warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Liang Teng
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xin-Rui Yang
- Department of Clinical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Dai
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hong-Long Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Tian-Qing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bo Fan
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
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76
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Wang X, Du ZW, Xu TM, Wang XJ, Li W, Gao JL, Li J, Zhu H. HIF-1α Is a Rational Target for Future Ovarian Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 11:785111. [PMID: 35004308 PMCID: PMC8739787 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.785111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the eighth most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Even with the development of novel drugs, nearly one-half of the patients with ovarian cancer die within five years of diagnosis. These situations indicate the need for novel therapeutic agents for ovarian cancer. Increasing evidence has shown that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) plays an important role in promoting malignant cell chemoresistance, tumour metastasis, angiogenesis, immunosuppression and intercellular interactions. The unique microenvironment, crosstalk and/or interaction between cells and other characteristics of ovarian cancer can influence therapeutic efficiency or promote the disease progression. Inhibition of the expression or activity of HIF-1α can directly or indirectly enhance the therapeutic responsiveness of tumour cells. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider HIF-1α as a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. In this paper, we summarize the latest research on the role of HIF-1α and molecules which can inhibit HIF-1α expression directly or indirectly in ovarian cancer, and drug clinical trials about the HIF-1α inhibitors in ovarian cancer or other solid malignant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Wu Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tian-Min Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Li Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Matvey DO, Ng TSC, Miller MA. Confocal Imaging of Single-Cell Signaling in Orthotopic Models of Ovarian Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2424:295-315. [PMID: 34918302 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1956-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is frequently detected at late stages of disease, often with dissemination throughout the peritoneal cavity surface, abdomen, and ascites fluid. Tumor signaling via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways can promote OVCA progression and depend on local microenvironmental cues. To better study OVCA in situ within native tissue contexts, here we describe confocal microscopy techniques to image mouse models of intraperitoneal disease at a single-cell resolution. As a proof of principle demonstration, examples are highlighted for simultaneously imaging tumor vascularization, infiltrating and often immunosuppressive immune cells (tumor-associated macrophages), and OVCA kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan O Matvey
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas S C Ng
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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78
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Eroglu EC, Tunug S, Geckil OF, Gulec UK, Vardar MA, Paydas S. Discovery of metabolomic biomarkers for discriminating platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant ovarian cancer by using GC-MS. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2021; 27:235-248. [PMID: 34806450 DOI: 10.1177/14690667211057996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine ovarian cancer (OC) patients with platinum resistance for alternative treatment protocols by using metabolomic methodologies. Urine and serum samples of platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive OC were analyzed using GC-MS. After data processing of GC-MS raw data, multivariate analyses were performed to interpret complex data for biologically meaningful information and to identify the biomarkers that cause differences between two groups. The biomarkers were verified after univariate, multivariate, and ROC analysis. Finally, metabolomic pathways related to group separations were specified. The results of biomarker analysis showed that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, L-threonine, D- mannose, and sorbitol metabolites were potential biomarkers in urine samples. In serum samples, L-arginine, linoleic acid, L-glutamine, and hypoxanthine were identified as important biomarkers. R2Y, Q2, AUC, sensitivity and specificity values of platinum-resistant and sensitive OC patients' urine and serum samples were 0.85, 0.545, 0.844, 91.30%, 81.08 and 0.570, 0.206, 0.743, 77.78%, 74.28%, respectively. In metabolic pathway analysis of urine samples, tyrosine metabolism and fructose and mannose metabolism were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) for the discrimination of the two groups. While 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, L-tyrosine, and fumaric acid metabolites were effective in tyrosine metabolism. D-sorbitol and D-mannose metabolites were significantly important in fructose and mannose metabolism. However, seven metabolomic pathways were significant (p < 0.05) in serum samples. In terms of p-value, L-glutamine in the nitrogen metabolic pathway from the first three pathways; L-glutamine and pyroglutamic acid metabolites in D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. In the arginine and proline metabolic pathway, L-arginine, L-proline, and L-ornithine metabolites differed significantly between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren C Eroglu
- Department of Biotechnology, 37506Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
- Alata Horticultural Research Institute, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sule Tunug
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, 37506Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Geckil
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, 37506Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Ali Vardar
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, 37506Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Semra Paydas
- Department of Oncology, 37506Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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79
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Resveratrol Contrasts LPA-Induced Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration and Platinum Resistance by Rescuing Hedgehog-Mediated Autophagy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113213. [PMID: 34831435 PMCID: PMC8625920 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer progression and invasiveness are promoted by a range of soluble factors released by cancer cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment. Our previous studies demonstrated that resveratrol (RV), a nutraceutical and caloric restriction mimetic with tumor-suppressive properties, counteracts cancer cell motility induced by stromal IL-6 by upregulating autophagy. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive phospholipid that shows elevated levels in the tumor microenvironment and the ascites of ovarian cancers, stimulates the growth and tissue invasion of cancer cells. Whether LPA elicits these effects by inhibiting autophagy and through which pathway and whether RV can counteract the same remain obscure. Aims: To investigate the molecular pathways involved in LPA-induced ovarian cancer malignancy, particularly focusing on the role of autophagy, and the ability of RV to counteract LPA activity. Results: LPA stimulated while RV inhibited ovarian cancer cell migration. Transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses showed an opposite regulation by LPA and RV of genes linked to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy with involvement of the PI3K-AKT, JAK-STAT and Hedgehog (Hh) pathways. LPA upregulated the Hh and EMT members GLI1, BMI-1, SNAIL-1 and TWIST1 and inhibited autophagy, while RV did the opposite. Similar to the inhibitors of the Hh pathway, RV inhibited LPA-induced cancer cell migration and 3D growth of ovarian cancer cells. BMI-1 silencing prevented LPA-induced EMT, restored autophagy and hampered cell migration, resembling the effects of RV. TCGA data analyses indicated that patients with low expression of Hh/EMT-related genes together with active autophagy flux tended to have a better prognosis and this correlates with a more effective response to platinum therapy. In in vitro 3D spheroids, LPA upregulated BMI-1, downregulated autophagy and inhibited platinum toxicity while RV and Hh inhibitors restored autophagy and favored BAX-mediated cell death in response to platinum. Conclusions: By inhibiting the Hh pathway and restoration of autophagy, RV counteracts LPA-induced malignancy, supporting its inclusion in the therapy of ovarian cancer for limiting metastasis and chemoresistance.
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80
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Fucikova J, Coosemans A, Orsulic S, Cibula D, Vergote I, Galluzzi L, Spisek R. Immunological configuration of ovarian carcinoma: features and impact on disease outcome. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002873. [PMID: 34645669 PMCID: PMC8515436 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is a relatively rare malignancy but is the fifth-leading cause of cancer-related death in women, largely reflecting early, prediagnosis dissemination of malignant disease to the peritoneum. At odds with other neoplasms, EOC is virtually insensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors, correlating with a tumor microenvironment that exhibits poor infiltration by immune cells and active immunosuppression. Here, we comparatively summarize the humoral and cellular features of primary and metastatic EOC, comparatively analyze their impact on disease outcome, and propose measures to alter them in support of treatment sensitivity and superior patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Cibula
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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81
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Tan Q, Liu H, Xu J, Mo Y, Dai F. Integrated analysis of tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and prognosis in ovarian cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23210-23232. [PMID: 34633990 PMCID: PMC8544311 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a frequently lethal gynecologic malignancy, characterized by a poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. The immune microenvironment has been implicated in the progression of OC. We characterized the immune landscape in primary and malignant OC ascites using single-cell and bulk transcriptome raw OC data acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. We then used the CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox analyses, and the LASSO algorithm to develop a tumor-associated macrophage-related gene (TAMRG) prognostic signature, which enabled us to stratify and predict overall survival (OS) of OC patients. In addition, inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity of infiltrating immune cells was characterized at single-cell resolution. Tumor-infiltrating macrophages with an M2 phenotype exhibited immunosuppressive activity. M1 macrophages positively correlated with OS, whereas activated mast cells, neutrophils, M2 macrophages, and activated memory CD4+ T cells were all negatively correlated with OS. A total of 219 TAMRGs were identified, and a novel 6-gene signature (TAP1, CD163, VSIG4, IGKV4-1, CD3E, and MS4A7) with independent prognostic value was established. These results show that a TAMRG-based signature may be a promising prognostic and therapeutic target in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxia Tan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huining Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanqun Mo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Furong Dai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Abstract
The proliferation, metastasis and therapy response of tumour cells are tightly regulated by interaction among various signalling networks. The microRNAs (miRNAs) can bind to 3'-UTR of mRNA and down-regulate expression of target gene. The miRNAs target various molecular pathways in regulating biological events such as apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis and migration. The aberrant expression of miRNAs occurs in cancers and they have both tumour-suppressor and tumour-promoting functions. On the contrary, SOX proteins are capable of binding to DNA and regulating gene expression. SOX2 is a well-known member of SOX family that its overexpression in different cancers to ensure progression and stemness. The present review focuses on modulatory impact of miRNAs on SOX2 in affecting growth, migration and therapy response of cancers. The lncRNAs and circRNAs can function as upstream mediators of miRNA/SOX2 axis in cancers. In addition, NF-κB, TNF-α and SOX17 are among other molecular pathways regulating miRNA/SOX2 axis in cancer. Noteworthy, anti-cancer compounds including bufalin and ovatodiolide are suggested to regulate miRNA/SOX2 axis in cancers. The translation of current findings to clinical course can pave the way to effective treatment of cancer patients and improve their prognosis.
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83
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Li CH, Hsu TI, Chang YC, Chan MH, Lu PJ, Hsiao M. Stationed or Relocating: The Seesawing EMT/MET Determinants from Embryonic Development to Cancer Metastasis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091265. [PMID: 34572451 PMCID: PMC8472300 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial and mesenchymal transition mechanisms continue to occur during the cell cycle and throughout human development from the embryo stage to death. In embryo development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can be divided into three essential steps. First, endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells form, then the cells are subdivided, and finally, cardiac valve formation occurs. After the embryonic period, the human body will be subjected to ongoing mechanical stress or injury. The formation of a wound requires EMT to recruit fibroblasts to generate granulation tissues, repair the wound and re-create an intact skin barrier. However, once cells transform into a malignant tumor, the tumor cells acquire the characteristic of immortality. Local cell growth with no growth inhibition creates a solid tumor. If the tumor cannot obtain enough nutrition in situ, the tumor cells will undergo EMT and invade the basal membrane of nearby blood vessels. The tumor cells are transported through the bloodstream to secondary sites and then begin to form colonies and undergo reverse EMT, the so-called "mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)." This dynamic change involves cell morphology, environmental conditions, and external stimuli. Therefore, in this manuscript, the similarities and differences between EMT and MET will be dissected from embryonic development to the stage of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Tai-I Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Hsien Chan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-J.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-J.L.); (M.H.)
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84
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Maiorano BA, Maiorano MFP, Lorusso D, Maiello E. Ovarian Cancer in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4438. [PMID: 34503248 PMCID: PMC8430975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) represents the eighth most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among the female population. In an advanced setting, chemotherapy represents the first-choice treatment, despite a high recurrence rate. In the last ten years, immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has profoundly modified the therapeutic scenario of many solid tumors. We sought to summarize the main findings regarding the clinical use of ICIs in OC. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Databases, and conference abstracts from international congresses (such as ASCO, ESMO, SGO) for clinical trials, focusing on ICIs both as monotherapy and as combinations in the advanced OC. RESULTS 20 studies were identified, of which 16 were phase I or II and 4 phase III trials. These trials used ICIs targeting PD1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab), PD-L1 (avelumab, aterolizumab, durvalumab), and CTLA4 (ipilimumab, tremelimumab). There was no reported improvement in survival, and some trials were terminated early due to toxicity or lack of response. Combining ICIs with chemotherapy, anti-VEGF therapy, or PARP inhibitors improved response rates and survival in spite of a worse safety profile. CONCLUSIONS The identification of biomarkers with a predictive role for ICIs' efficacy is mandatory. Moreover, genomic and immune profiling of OC might lead to better treatment options and facilitate the design of tailored trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigida Anna Maiorano
- Oncology Unit, Foundation Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Francesco Pio Maiorano
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical and Human Oncological Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Domenica Lorusso
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico “A.Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Oncology Unit, Foundation Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
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Ba S, Yu M. Ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles enhances radiosensitivity of ovarian cancer. Acta Radiol 2021; 63:1433-1440. [PMID: 34463146 DOI: 10.1177/02841851211038808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is regarded as an effective treatment for early ovarian cancer (OC). However, due to radiation resistance caused by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and angiogenesis, the efficacy of radiotherapy for advanced OC is limited and controversial. PURPOSE To explore whether ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMBs) can enhance the radiosensitivity of OC. MATERIAL AND METHODS OC cells (ES-2) were respectively irradiated with 5-Gy and 10-Gy radiation doses with or without exposure to USMB. Methyl thiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) and colony-formation assays were conducted to detect the viability and proliferation of ES-2 cells after USMBs and ionizing radiation (IR) treatment. Immunofluorescence assays were conducted to examine levels of gamma-H2A histone family member X (γ-H2AX), an indicator for DSBs. Flow cytometry analyses were carried out to assess the apoptosis of ES-2 cells. The angiogenic activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured by tube formation assays. RESULTS USMBs enhanced IR-induced suppressive effect on the viability and proliferation of OC cells. The protein levels of phosphorylated γ-H2AX and CHK1 were significantly upregulated after IR treatment and further enhanced by USMBs. In addition, USMBs enhanced the promotion of IR-mediated OC cell apoptosis. The inhibitory effect of IR on angiogenesis was further enhanced by USMBs, and protein levels of AT1R, VEGFA, and EGFR were downregulated by IR in a dose-dependent way and then enhanced by USMB treatment in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS USMB exposure significantly enhances the radiosensitivity of OC by suppressing cell proliferation, promoting OC cell apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ba
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, PR China
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Nowicki A, Kulus M, Wieczorkiewicz M, Pieńkowski W, Stefańska K, Skupin-Mrugalska P, Bryl R, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Piotrowska-Kempisty H. Ovarian Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells-Cellular and Molecular Characteristics, Signaling Pathways, and Usefulness as a Diagnostic Tool in Medicine and Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164178. [PMID: 34439332 PMCID: PMC8394875 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian cancer is still a high-risk, metastatic disease, often diagnosed at a late stage. Difficulties in its treatment are associated with high resistance to chemotherapy and recurrence. Responsible for the malignant features of cancer are considered to be cancer stem cells (CSCs), which generate new cells by modifying various signaling pathways. Signaling pathways are crucial for the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and self-renewal of CSCs. New therapies based on the use of inhibitors that block CSC growth and proliferation signals are being investigated. The current histological classification of ovarian tumors, their epidemiology, and the recent knowledge of ovarian CSCs, with particular emphasis on their molecular basis, are important considerations. Abstract Despite the increasing development of medicine, ovarian cancer is still a high-risk, metastatic disease that is often diagnosed at a late stage. In addition, difficulties in its treatment are associated with high resistance to chemotherapy and frequent relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), recently attracting significant scientific interest, are considered to be responsible for the malignant features of tumors. CSCs, as the driving force behind tumor development, generate new cells by modifying different signaling pathways. Moreover, investigations on different types of tumors have shown that signaling pathways are key to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation, metastasis, and self-renewal of CSCs. Based on these established issues, new therapies are being investigated based on the use of inhibitors to block CSC growth and proliferation signals. Many reports indicate that CSC markers play a key role in cancer metastasis, with hopes placed in their targeting to block this process and eliminate relapses. Current histological classification of ovarian tumors, their epidemiology, and the most recent knowledge of ovarian CSCs, with particular emphasis on their molecular background, are important aspects for consideration. Furthermore, the importance of signaling pathways involved in tumor growth, development, and metastasis, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Nowicki
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Maria Wieczorkiewicz
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Pieńkowski
- Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Stefańska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Paulina Skupin-Mrugalska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Rut Bryl
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (B.K.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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87
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Cui Y, Wang D, Xie M. Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Activation of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts and Facilitate Invasion and Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer by Carrying miR-630. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652322. [PMID: 34277601 PMCID: PMC8277948 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a lethal gynecological malignancy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial media in cell-to-cell communication by carrying microRNAs (miRs). The current study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of miR-630 carried by OC cell-derived EVs in regard to invasion and metastasis of OC cells. miRs related to OC metastasis were searched and screened. The expression patterns of screened miRs in human normal fibroblasts (NFs) and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were detected using RT-qPCR. miR-630 related to OC metastasis and CAFs activation was analyzed further. The levels of FAP and α-SMA were detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The migration of NFs was measured using Transwell assay. OC cell-derived EVs were isolated and identified. Uptake of EVs by NFs was observed using immunofluorescence staining. The culture supernatant of NFs was collected and used to culture the low metastasis cell line OVCAR8. The migration and invasion of OC cells and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) were measured. Moreover, a xenograft model was established by injecting OVCAR8 cells of different groups into nude mice. Lastly, the effect of EV-pretreated NFs on invasion and metastasis of OC cells was observed in vivo. miR-630 was upregulated in OC cells and CAFs, and further associated with CAF activation and OC metastasis. miR-630 overexpression increased the levels of FAP and α-SMA in NFs, resulting in the transformation of NFs into CAFs. EVs carried miR-630 into NFs and EVs promoted CAF activation. miR-630 targeted KLF6. miR-630 inhibition or KLF6 overexpression attenuated EVs-induced CAF activation. EVs activated the NF-κB pathway via the miR-630/KLF6 axis. The conditioned medium of NFs pretreated with EVs promoted the invasion and metastasis of OVCAR8 cells, while downregulating miR-630 in EVs partially inhibited the promotive effect of NFs. EV-pretreated NFs promoted invasion and metastasis of OC in vivo. In conclusion, EVs carried miR-630 into NFs, thereby facilitating CAF activation and promoting invasion and metastasis of OC by inhibiting KLF6 and activating the NF-κB pathway. Our findings might offer a novel mechanism of invasion and metastasis of OC from the perspective of tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Cui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Deying Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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88
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Liu C, Barger CJ, Karpf AR. FOXM1: A Multifunctional Oncoprotein and Emerging Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3065. [PMID: 34205406 PMCID: PMC8235333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a member of the conserved forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family. Over the last two decades, FOXM1 has emerged as a multifunctional oncoprotein and a robust biomarker of poor prognosis in many human malignancies. In this review article, we address the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of regulation and oncogenic functions of FOXM1, particularly in the context of ovarian cancer. FOXM1 and its associated oncogenic transcriptional signature are enriched in >85% of ovarian cancer cases and FOXM1 expression and activity can be enhanced by a plethora of genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms. As a master transcriptional regulator, FOXM1 promotes critical oncogenic phenotypes in ovarian cancer, including: (1) cell proliferation, (2) invasion and metastasis, (3) chemotherapy resistance, (4) cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, (5) genomic instability, and (6) altered cellular metabolism. We additionally discuss the evidence for FOXM1 as a cancer biomarker, describe the rationale for FOXM1 as a cancer therapeutic target, and provide an overview of therapeutic strategies used to target FOXM1 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam R. Karpf
- Eppley Institute and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68918-6805, USA; (C.L.); (C.J.B.)
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89
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Jin H, Tang Y, Yang L, Peng X, Li B, Fan Q, Wei S, Yang S, Li X, Wu B, Huang M, Tang S, Liu J, Li H. Rab GTPases: Central Coordinators of Membrane Trafficking in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648384. [PMID: 34141705 PMCID: PMC8204108 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression involves invasion, migration, metabolism, autophagy, exosome secretion, and drug resistance. Cargos transported by membrane vesicle trafficking underlie all of these processes. Rab GTPases, which, through coordinated and dynamic intracellular membrane trafficking alongside cytoskeletal pathways, determine the maintenance of homeostasis and a series of cellular functions. The mechanism of vesicle movement regulated by Rab GTPases plays essential roles in cancers. Therefore, targeting Rab GTPases to adjust membrane trafficking has the potential to become a novel way to adjust cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the characteristics of Rab GTPases; in particular, we discuss the role of their activation in the regulation of membrane transport and provide examples of Rab GTPases regulating membrane transport in tumor progression. Finally, we discuss the clinical implications and the potential as a cancer therapeutic target of Rab GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanxin Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingyao Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shilei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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90
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Ding Y, Labitzky V, Legler K, Qi M, Schumacher U, Schmalfeldt B, Stürken C, Oliveira-Ferrer L. Molecular characteristics and tumorigenicity of ascites-derived tumor cells: mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as a novel therapy target in ovarian cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3578-3595. [PMID: 34060699 PMCID: PMC8637562 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer disseminates primarily intraperitoneally. Detached tumor cell aggregates (spheroids) from the primary tumor are regarded as ‘metastatic units’ that exhibit a low sensitivity to classical chemotherapy, probably due to their unique molecular characteristics. We have analyzed the cellular composition of ascites from OvCa patients, using flow cytometry, and studied their behavior in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that ascites‐derived cultured cells from OvCa patients give rise to two subpopulations: adherent cells and non‐adherent cells. Here, we found that the AD population includes mainly CD90+ cells with highly proliferative rates in vitro but no tumorigenic potential in vivo, whereas the NAD population contains principally tumor cell spheroids (EpCAM+/CD24+) with low proliferative potential in vitro. Enriched tumor cell spheroids from the ascites of high‐grade serous OvCA patients, obtained using cell strainers, were highly tumorigenic in vivo and their metastatic spread pattern precisely resembled the tumor dissemination pattern found in the corresponding patients. Comparative transcriptome analyses from ascites‐derived tumor cell spheroids (n = 10) versus tumor samples from different metastatic sites (n = 30) revealed upregulation of genes involved in chemoresistance (TGM1, HSPAs, MT1s), cell adhesion and cell‐barrier integrity (PKP3, CLDNs, PPL), and the oxidative phosphorylation process. Mitochondrial markers (mass and membrane potential) showed a reduced mitochondrial function in tumoroids from tumor tissue compared with ascites‐derived tumor spheroids in flow cytometry analysis. Interestingly, response to OXPHOS inhibition by metformin and IACS010759 in tumor spheroids correlated with the extent of mitochondrial membrane potential measured by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the biology of ovarian cancer spheroids and identify the OXPHOS pathway as new potential treatment option in advanced ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Vera Labitzky
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Karen Legler
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Minyue Qi
- Bioinformatic Core Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmalfeldt
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christine Stürken
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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91
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Silva ALG, Carvalho NV, Paterno LG, Moura LD, Filomeno CL, de Paula E, Báo SN. Methylene blue associated with maghemite nanoparticles has antitumor activity in breast and ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer constitutes group of diseases responsible for the second largest cause of global death, and it is currently considered one of the main public health concerns nowadays. Early diagnosis associated with the best choice of therapeutic strategy, is essential to achieve success in cancer treatment. In women, breast cancer is the second most common type, whereas ovarian cancer has the highest lethality when compared to other neoplasms of the female genital system. The present work, therefore, proposes the association of methylene blue with citrate-coated maghemite nanoparticles (MAGCIT–MB) as a nanocomplex for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer.
Results
In vitro studies showed that T-47D and A2780 cancer cell lines underwent a significant reduction in cell viability after treatment with MAGCIT–MB, an event not observed in non-tumor (HNTMC and HUVEC) cells and MDA-MB-231, a triple-negative breast cancer cell line. Flow cytometry experiments suggest that the main mechanism of endocytosis involved in the interiorization of MAGCIT–MB is the clathrin pathway, whereas both late apoptosis and necrosis are the main types of cell death caused by the nanocomplex. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy reveal significant changes in the cell morphology. Quantification of reactive oxygen species confirmed the MAGCIT–MB cytotoxic mechanism and its importance for the treatment of tumor cells. The lower cytotoxicity of individual solution of maghemite nanoparticles with citrate (MAGCIT) and free methylene blue (MB) shows that their association in the nanocomplex is responsible for its enhanced therapeutic potential in the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer in vitro.
Conclusions
Treatment with MAGCIT–MB induces the death of cancer cells but not normal cells. These results highlight the importance of the maghemite core for drug delivery and for increasing methylene blue activity, aiming at the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer.
Graphic Abstract
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92
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Obermann WMJ, Brockhaus K, Eble JA. Platelets, Constant and Cooperative Companions of Sessile and Disseminating Tumor Cells, Crucially Contribute to the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674553. [PMID: 33937274 PMCID: PMC8085416 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platelets and the coagulation factors are components of the blood system, they become part of and contribute to the tumor microenvironment (TME) not only within a solid tumor mass, but also within a hematogenous micrometastasis on its way through the blood stream to the metastatic niche. The latter basically consists of blood-borne cancer cells which are in close association with platelets. At the site of the primary tumor, the blood components reach the TME via leaky blood vessels, whose permeability is increased by tumor-secreted growth factors, by incomplete angiogenic sprouts or by vasculogenic mimicry (VM) vessels. As a consequence, platelets reach the primary tumor via several cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Moreover, clotting factor VII from the blood associates with tissue factor (TF) that is abundantly expressed on cancer cells. This extrinsic tenase complex turns on the coagulation cascade, which encompasses the activation of thrombin and conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin. The presence of platelets and their release of growth factors, as well as fibrin deposition changes the TME of a solid tumor mass substantially, thereby promoting tumor progression. Disseminating cancer cells that circulate in the blood stream also recruit platelets, primarily by direct cell-cell interactions via different receptor-counterreceptor pairs and indirectly by fibrin, which bridges the two cell types via different integrin receptors. These tumor cell-platelet aggregates are hematogenous micrometastases, in which platelets and fibrin constitute a particular TME in favor of the cancer cells. Even at the distant site of settlement, the accompanying platelets help the tumor cell to attach and to grow into metastases. Understanding the close liaison of cancer cells with platelets and coagulation factors that change the TME during tumor progression and spreading will help to curb different steps of the metastatic cascade and may help to reduce tumor-induced thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johannes A. Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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93
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Gao Y, Xu Y, Zhao S, Qian L, Song T, Zheng J, Zhang J, Chen B. Growth differentiation factor-15 promotes immune escape of ovarian cancer via targeting CD44 in dendritic cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 402:112522. [PMID: 33771482 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune escape is the main cause of the low response rate to immunotherapy for cancer, including ovarian cancer. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) inhibits immune cell function. However, only few reports described the mechanism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of immune escape regulated by GDF-15 in ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer patients and healthy women were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were performed to measure GDF-15 expression. Immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry, surface plasmon resonance, and co-immunoprecipitation assay were used to evaluate the interaction between GDF-15 and the surface molecules of DCs. Immunofluorescence analysis, flow cytometry and transwell assay were used to evaluate additional effects of GDF-15 on DCs. The results showed that GDF-15 expression was higher in the ovarian cancer patients compared to that in the healthy women. The TIMER algorithm revealed that highly GDF-15 expression is associated with immune DC infiltration in immunoreactive high-grade serous carcinoma. A further study showed that GDF-15 suppressed DCs maturation, as well as IL-12p40 and TNF-α secretion, the length and number of protrusions and the migration. More importantly, CD44 in the surface of DCs interacted with GDF-15. The overexpression of CD44 in DCs resulted in the suppression of the inhibitory effect of GDF-15 on the length and number of DC synapses. In DCs overexpressing CD44 the inhibition of GDF-15 on the expression of CD11c, CD83 and CD86 was decreased, while in DCs with a knockdown of CD44 the inhibition was further enhanced. Knockdown of CD44 in DCs enhanced the inhibitory effect of GDF-15 on DC migration, while the overexpression of CD44 inhibited the inhibitory effect of GDF-15 on DC migration. In conclusion, the present study suggested that GDF-15 might facilitate ovarian cancer immune escape by interacting with CD44 in DCs to inhibit their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunge Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 Changle Road (West), Xi'an City, Shannxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 Changle Road (West), Xi'an City, Shannxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Shuhui Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 Changle Road (West), Xi'an City, Shannxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Luomeng Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 Changle Road (West), Xi'an City, Shannxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 Changle Road (West), Xi'an City, Shannxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 Changle Road (West), Xi'an City, Shannxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Jianfang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 Changle Road (West), Xi'an City, Shannxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Biliang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 Changle Road (West), Xi'an City, Shannxi Province, 710032, China.
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Cai Y, Wu G, Peng B, Li J, Zeng S, Yan Y, Xu Z. Expression and molecular profiles of the AlkB family in ovarian serous carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9679-9692. [PMID: 33744868 PMCID: PMC8064172 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AlkB family of Fe (II) and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases plays essential roles in development of ovarian serous carcinoma (OV). However, the molecular profiles of AlkB family in OV have not been clarified. The results indicated that the expression of ALKBH1/3/5/8 and FTO was lower in OV patients while ALKBH2/4/6/7 expression was higher. There was a strong correlation between ALKBH5/7 and pathological stage of OV patients. Kaplan-Meier plotter revealed that OV patients with high ALKBH4 level showed longer overall survival (OS). However, patients with high levels of ALKBH5/6 and FTO showed shorter OS and progression-free survival (PFS). Genetic alterations using cBioPortal revealed that the alteration rates of FTO were the highest. We also found that the functions of AlkB family were linked to several cancer-associated signaling pathways, including chemokine receptor signaling. TIMER database indicated that the AlkB family had a strong relationship with the infiltration of six types of immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, CD8+ T-cells, B-cells, CD4+ T-cells and dendritic cells). Next, DiseaseMeth databases revealed that the global methylation levels of ALKBH1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8 and FTO were all lower in OV patients. Thus, our findings will enhance the understanding of AlkB family in OV pathology, and provide novel insights into AlkB-targeted therapy for OV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cai
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Geting Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Juanni Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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95
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Meng L, He X, Hong Q, Qiao B, Zhang X, Wu B, Zhang X, Wei Y, Li J, Ye Z, Xiao Y. CCR4, CCR8, and P2RY14 as Prognostic Factors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Are Involved in the Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:618187. [PMID: 33692955 PMCID: PMC7937936 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.618187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of cancer. However, the specific mechanism of its regulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unclear. In this study, we first applied the ESTIMATE method to calculate the immune and stromal scores in patients’ tumor tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. GSE41613, GSE30784, and GSE37991 data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were recruited for further validation. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and then analyzed by Cox regression analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. DEGs significantly associated with prognosis and TME will be identified as hub genes. These genes were also validated at the protein level by immunohistochemical analysis of 10 pairs of primary tumor tissues and the adjacent normal tissues from our institution. The relationship between hub genes expression and immune cell fraction estimated by CIBERSORT software was also examined. 275 DEGs were significantly associated with TME. CCR4, CCR8, and P2RY14 have then identified as hub genes by intersection Cox and PPI analysis. Further investigation revealed that the expression of CCR4, CCR8, and P2RY14 was negatively correlated with clinicopathological characteristics (clinical stage, T stage) and positively associated with survival in HNSCC patients, especially in male patients. The expression of CCR8 and P2RY14 was lower in males than in females. CCR8 and P2RY14 were differentially expressed in tumor tissues than normal tissues, and the results were validated at the protein level by immunohistochemistry experiments. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that the high expression groups’ hub genes were mainly enriched for immune-related activities. In the low-expression groups, genes were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways. CIBERSORT results showed that the expression of these genes was all negatively correlated with the fraction of memory B cells and positively correlated with the fraction of the other four cells, including naive B cells, resting T cells CD4 memory, T cells follicular helper, and T cells regulatory (Tregs). The results suggest that CCR4, CCR8, and P2RY14 may be responsible for maintaining the immune dominance of TME, thus leading to a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Meng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Chinese PAP Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi He
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Chinese PAP Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingtian Wei
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Ye
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yueyong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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96
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Khella CA, Mehta GA, Mehta RN, Gatza ML. Recent Advances in Integrative Multi-Omics Research in Breast and Ovarian Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:149. [PMID: 33669749 PMCID: PMC7922242 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying molecular heterogeneity of cancer is responsible for the dynamic clinical landscape of this disease. The combination of genomic and proteomic alterations, including both inherited and acquired mutations, promotes tumor diversity and accounts for variable disease progression, therapeutic response, and clinical outcome. Recent advances in high-throughput proteogenomic profiling of tumor samples have resulted in the identification of novel oncogenic drivers, tumor suppressors, and signaling networks; biomarkers for the prediction of drug sensitivity and disease progression; and have contributed to the development of novel and more effective treatment strategies. In this review, we will focus on the impact of historical and recent advances in single platform and integrative proteogenomic studies in breast and ovarian cancer, which constitute two of the most lethal forms of cancer for women, and discuss the molecular similarities of these diseases, the impact of these findings on our understanding of tumor biology as well as the clinical applicability of these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen A Khella
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Gaurav A Mehta
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Rushabh N Mehta
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Michael L Gatza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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97
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Liu S, Yu G, Liu L, Zou X, Zhou L, Hu E, Song Y. Identification of Prognostic Stromal-Immune Score-Based Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Microenvironment. Front Genet 2021; 12:625236. [PMID: 33643387 PMCID: PMC7905188 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.625236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing amount of evidence has suggested the clinical importance of stromal and immune cells in the liver cancer microenvironment. However, reliable prognostic signatures based on assessments of stromal and immune components have not been well-established. This study aimed to identify stromal-immune score–based potential prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Stromal and immune scores were estimated from transcriptomic profiles of a liver cancer cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas using the ESTIMATE (Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumors using Expression data) algorithm. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was applied to select prognostic genes. Favorable overall survivals and progression-free interval were found in patients with high stromal score and immune score, and 828 differentially expressed genes were identified. Functional enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction networks further showed that these genes mainly participated in immune response, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion. MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9) was identified as a prognostic tumor microenvironment–associated gene by using LASSO and TIMER (Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource) algorithms and was found to be positively correlated with immunosuppressive molecules and drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Country Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangchuang Yu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Country Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Quality Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Zou
- Country Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erqiang Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Song
- Country Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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98
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Cole JM, Dahl R, Cowden Dahl KD. MAPK Signaling Is Required for Generation of Tunneling Nanotube-Like Structures in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020274. [PMID: 33450985 PMCID: PMC7828401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian cancer is the 5th leading cause of cancer death in US women, due to late diagnosis. The vast majority of patients with ovarian cancer have metastatic disease at diagnosis, leading to poor survival. As the tumor cells metastasize, they are influenced by other cells they encounter. In particular, we found that macrophages induce a mechanism of communication in tumor cells called tunneling nanotubes. These tunneling nanotubes allow cells to share molecules that promote metastasis. We found that macrophages send signals to the tumor cells in order to activate oncogenic MAPKinase signaling, which is required for tunneling nanotubes to form. Our new understanding of these events will enable us to devise ways to target tunneling nanotubes and limit tumor spread. Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) cells survive in the peritoneal cavity in a complex microenvironment composed of diverse cell types. The interaction between tumor cells and non-malignant cells is crucial to the success of the metastatic process. Macrophages activate pro-metastatic signaling pathways in ovarian cancer cells (OCCs), induce tumor angiogenesis, and orchestrate a tumor suppressive immune response by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Understanding the interaction between immune cells and tumor cells will enhance our ability to combat tumor growth and dissemination. When co-cultured with OCCs, macrophages induce projections consistent with tunneling nanotubes (TnTs) to form between OCCs. TnTs mediate transfer of material between cells, thus promoting invasiveness, angiogenesis, proliferation, and/or therapy resistance. Macrophage induction of OCC TnTs occurs through a soluble mediator as macrophage-conditioned media potently induced TnT formation in OCCs. Additionally, EGFR-induced TnT formation in OCCs through MAPK signaling may occur. In particular, inhibition of ERK and RSK prevented EGFR-induced TnTs. TnT formation in response to macrophage-conditioned media or EGFR signaling required MAPK signaling. Collectively, these studies suggest that inhibition of ERK/RSK activity may dampen macrophage-OCC communication and be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Cole
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA;
| | - Richard Dahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA;
| | - Karen D. Cowden Dahl
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-608-775-3606
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99
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Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells: Characterization and Role in Tumorigenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1330:151-169. [PMID: 34339036 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73359-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a heterogenous disease with variable clinicopathological and molecular mechanisms being responsible for tumorigenesis. Despite substantial technological improvement, lack of early diagnosis contributes to its highest mortality. Ovarian cancer is considered to be the most lethal female gynaecological cancer across the world. Conventional treatment modules with platinum- and Taxane-based chemotherapy can cause an initial satisfactory improvement in ovarian cancer patients. However, approximately 75-80% patients of advanced stage ovarian cancer, experience relapse and nearly 40% have overall poor survival rate. It has been observed that a subpopulation of cells referred as cancer stem cells (CSCs), having self renewal property, escape the conventional chemotherapy because of their quiescent nature. Later, these CSCs following its interaction with microenvironment and release of various inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases, induce invasion and propagation to distant organs of the body mainly peritoneal cavity. These CSCs can be enriched by their specific surface markers such as CD44, CD117, CD133 and intracellular enzyme such as aldehyde dehydrogenase. This tumorigenicity is further aggravated by the epithelial to mesenchymal transition of CSCs and neovascularisation via epigenetic reprogramming and over-expression of various signalling cascades such as Wnt/β-catenin, NOTCH, Hedgehog, etc. to name a few. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of various cellular events involving interaction between cancer cells and cancer stem cells as well as its surrounding micro environmental components would be of unmet need to achieve the ultimate goal of better management of ovarian cancer patients. This chapter deals with the impact of ovarian cancer stem cells in tumorigenesis which would help in the implementation of basic research into the clinical field in the form of translational research in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality in ovarian cancer patients through amelioration of diagnosis and impoverishment of therapeutic resistance.
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