51
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Lee YJ, Kim J. Resveratrol Activates Natural Killer Cells through Akt- and mTORC2-Mediated c-Myb Upregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249575. [PMID: 33339133 PMCID: PMC7765583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are suitable targets for cancer immunotherapy owing to their potent cytotoxic activity. To maximize the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, adjuvants need to be identified. Resveratrol is a well-studied polyphenol with various potential health benefits, including antitumor effects. We previously found that resveratrol is an NK cell booster, suggesting that it can serve as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the activation of NK cells by resveratrol remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine this mechanism. To this end, we investigated relevant pathways in NK cells using Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, pathway inhibitor, protein/DNA array, and cytotoxicity analyses. We confirmed the synergistic effects of resveratrol and interleukin (IL)-2 on enhancing the cytolytic activity of NK cells. Resveratrol activated Akt by regulating Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Complex 2 (mTORC2) via phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1). Moreover, resveratrol-mediated NK cell activation was more dependent on the mTOR pathway than the Akt pathway. Importantly, resveratrol increased the expression of c-Myb, a downstream transcription factor of Akt and mTORC2. Moreover, c-Myb was essential for resveratrol-induced NK cell activation in combination with IL-2. Our results demonstrate that resveratrol activates NK cells through Akt- and mTORC2-mediated c-Myb upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 08758, Korea;
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 08758, Korea
| | - Jongsun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 08758, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1814
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52
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Arianfar E, Shahgordi S, Memarian A. Natural Killer Cell Defects in Breast Cancer: A Key Pathway for Tumor Evasion. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:197-216. [PMID: 33258393 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1845670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the most important innate immune component cancers invader, natural killer (NK) cells have a magnificent role in antitumor immunity without any prior sensitization. Different subsets of NK cells have distinct responses during tumor cell exposure, according to their phenotypes and environments. Their function is induced mainly by the activity of both inhibitory and activating receptors against cancerous cells. Since the immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer patients has directly deteriorated the phenotype and disturbed the function of NK cells, recruiting compensatory mechanisms indicate promising outcomes for immunotherapeutic approaches. These evidences accentuate the importance of NK cell distinct features in protection against breast tumors. In this review, we discuss the several mechanisms involved in NK cells suppression which consequently promote tumor progression and disease recurrence in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Arianfar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Shahgordi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Memarian
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Immunology department, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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53
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Harris MA, Hons BB, Shekhar TM, Coupland LA, Miles MA, Hawkins CJ. Transient NK Cell Depletion Facilitates Pulmonary Osteosarcoma Metastases After Intravenous Inoculation in Athymic Mice. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2020; 9:667-671. [DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2019.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - BBioMed Hons
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Tanmay M. Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Lucy A. Coupland
- The ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mark A. Miles
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Christine J. Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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Domagala J, Lachota M, Klopotowska M, Graczyk-Jarzynka A, Domagala A, Zhylko A, Soroczynska K, Winiarska M. The Tumor Microenvironment-A Metabolic Obstacle to NK Cells' Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123542. [PMID: 33260925 PMCID: PMC7761432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells have unique capabilities of recognition and destruction of tumor cells, without the requirement for prior immunization of the host. Maintaining tolerance to healthy cells makes them an attractive therapeutic tool for almost all types of cancer. Unfortunately, metabolic changes associated with malignant transformation and tumor progression lead to immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment, which in turn limits the efficacy of various immunotherapies. In this review, we provide a brief description of the metabolic changes characteristic for the tumor microenvironment. Both tumor and tumor-associated cells produce and secrete factors that directly or indirectly prevent NK cell cytotoxicity. Here, we depict the molecular mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of immune effector cells by metabolic factors. Finally, we summarize the strategies to enhance NK cell function for the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domagala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko Lachota
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Klopotowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Antoni Domagala
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
- Department of Urology, Holy Cross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Andriy Zhylko
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolina Soroczynska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225-992-199
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55
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Alfarra H, Weir J, Grieve S, Reiman T. Targeting NK Cell Inhibitory Receptors for Precision Multiple Myeloma Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575609. [PMID: 33304346 PMCID: PMC7693637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune surveillance of cancer involves multiple types of immune cells including the innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Natural killer (NK) cells are considered the most active ILC subset for tumor elimination because of their ability to target infected and malignant cells without prior sensitization. NK cells are equipped with an array of activating and inhibitory receptors (IRs); hence NK cell activity is controlled by balanced signals between the activating and IRs. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that is known for its altered immune landscape. Despite improvements in therapeutic options for MM, this disease remains incurable. An emerging trend to improve clinical outcomes in MM involves harnessing the inherent ability of NK cells to kill malignant cells by recruiting NK cells and enhancing their cytotoxicity toward the malignant MM cells. Following the clinical success of blocking T cell IRs in multiple cancers, targeting NK cell IRs is drawing increasing attention. Relevant NK cell IRs that are attractive candidates for checkpoint blockades include KIRs, NKG2A, LAG-3, TIGIT, PD-1, and TIM-3 receptors. Investigating these NK cell IRs as pathogenic agents and therapeutic targets could lead to promising applications in MM therapy. This review describes the critical role of enhancing NK cell activity in MM and discusses the potential of blocking NK cell IRs as a future MM therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmi Alfarra
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Jackson Weir
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Stacy Grieve
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Tony Reiman
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
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56
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Wan C, Keany MP, Dong H, Al-Alem LF, Pandya UM, Lazo S, Boehnke K, Lynch KN, Xu R, Zarrella DT, Gu S, Cejas P, Lim K, Long HW, Elias KM, Horowitz NS, Feltmate CM, Muto MG, Worley MJ, Berkowitz RS, Matulonis UA, Nucci MR, Crum CP, Rueda BR, Brown M, Liu XS, Hill SJ. Enhanced Efficacy of Simultaneous PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 81:158-173. [PMID: 33158814 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune therapies have had limited efficacy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), as the cellular targets and mechanism(s) of action of these agents in HGSC are unknown. Here we performed immune functional and single-cell RNA sequencing transcriptional profiling on novel HGSC organoid/immune cell co-cultures treated with a unique bispecific anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody compared with monospecific anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 controls. Comparing the functions of these agents across all immune cell types in real time identified key immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targets that have eluded currently available monospecific therapies. The bispecific antibody induced superior cellular state changes in both T and natural killer (NK) cells. It uniquely induced NK cells to transition from inert to more active and cytotoxic phenotypes, implicating NK cells as a key missing component of the current ICB-induced immune response in HGSC. It also induced a subset of CD8 T cells to transition from naïve to more active and cytotoxic progenitor-exhausted phenotypes post-treatment, revealing the small, previously uncharacterized population of CD8 T cells responding to ICB in HGSC. These state changes were driven partially through bispecific antibody-induced downregulation of the bromodomain-containing protein BRD1. Small-molecule inhibition of BRD1 induced similar state changes in vitro and demonstrated efficacy in vivo, validating the co-culture results. Our results demonstrate that state changes in both NK and a subset of T cells may be critical in inducing an effective anti-tumor immune response and suggest that immune therapies able to induce such cellular state changes, such as BRD1 inhibitors, may have increased efficacy in HGSC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study indicates that increased efficacy of immune therapies in ovarian cancer is driven by state changes of NK and small subsets of CD8 T cells into active and cytotoxic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Wan
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew P Keany
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Han Dong
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Linah F Al-Alem
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Unnati M Pandya
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suzan Lazo
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karsten Boehnke
- Oncology Translational Research, Eli Lilly and Company, New York, New York
| | - Katherine N Lynch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rui Xu
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Internal Medicine, Shaanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Dominique T Zarrella
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shengqing Gu
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Klothilda Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henry W Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin M Elias
- Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women' Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neil S Horowitz
- Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women' Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Colleen M Feltmate
- Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women' Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael G Muto
- Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women' Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Worley
- Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women' Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ross S Berkowitz
- Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women' Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ursula A Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marisa R Nucci
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher P Crum
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaole Shirley Liu
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah J Hill
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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57
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Cao Y, Wang X, Jin T, Tian Y, Dai C, Widarma C, Song R, Xu F. Immune checkpoint molecules in natural killer cells as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:250. [PMID: 33122640 PMCID: PMC7596531 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of natural killer (NK) cells in immunotherapy to treat multiple types of cancer. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that play essential roles in tumor surveillance and control that efficiently kill the tumor and do not require the major histocompatibility complex. The discovery of the NK's potential as a promising therapeutic target for cancer is a relief to oncologists as they face the challenge of increased chemo-resistant cancers. NK cells show great potential against solid and hematologic tumors and have progressively shown promise as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. The effector role of these cells is reliant on the balance of inhibitory and activating signals. Understanding the role of various immune checkpoint molecules in the exhaustion and impairment of NK cells when their inhibitory receptors are excessively expressed is particularly important in cancer immunotherapy studies and clinical implementation. Emerging immune checkpoint receptors and molecules have been found to mediate NK cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment; this has brought up the need to explore further additional NK cell-related immune checkpoints that may be exploited to enhance the immune response to refractory cancers. Accordingly, this review will focus on the recent findings concerning the roles of immune checkpoint molecules and receptors in the regulation of NK cell function, as well as their potential application in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 110819, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianqiang Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Chaoliu Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Crystal Widarma
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China.
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Russick J, Joubert PE, Gillard-Bocquet M, Torset C, Meylan M, Petitprez F, Dragon-Durey MA, Marmier S, Varthaman A, Josseaume N, Germain C, Goc J, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Validire P, Fournel L, Zitvogel L, Bindea G, Lupo A, Damotte D, Alifano M, Cremer I. Natural killer cells in the human lung tumor microenvironment display immune inhibitory functions. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001054. [PMID: 33067317 PMCID: PMC7570244 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in tumor immunosurveillance through their cytotoxic effector functions and their capacity to interact with other immune cells to build a coordinated antitumor immune response. Emerging data reveal NK cell dysfunction within the tumor microenvironment (TME) through checkpoint inhibitory molecules associated with a regulatory phenotype. OBJECTIVE We aimed at analyzing the gene expression profile of intratumoral NK cells compared with non-tumorous NK cells, and to characterize their inhibitory function in the TME. METHODS NK cells were sorted from human lung tumor tissue and compared with non- tumoral distant lungs. RESULTS In the current study, we identify a unique gene signature of NK cell dysfunction in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). First, transcriptomic analysis reveals significant changes related to migratory pattern with a downregulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) and CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and overexpression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 (CXCR6). Second, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and killer cell lectin like receptor (KLRC1) inhibitory molecules were increased in intratumoral NK cells, and CTLA-4 blockade could partially restore MHC class II level on dendritic cell (DC) that was impaired during the DCs/NK cell cross talk. Finally, NK cell density impacts the positive prognostic value of CD8+ T cells in NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate novel molecular cues associated with NK cell inhibitory functions in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Russick
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Joubert
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Gillard-Bocquet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Carine Torset
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Meylan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Agnes Dragon-Durey
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France.,Universite de Paris. Laboratoire d'immunologie, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Solenne Marmier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Aditi Varthaman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Josseaume
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Claire Germain
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Goc
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Team Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Validire
- Department of Pathology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Cochin Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France.,Universite Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Gabriela Bindea
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Laboratory of Integrative cancer immunology, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Lupo
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France.,Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Cochin Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France.,Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Cochin Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France.,Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Cochin Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, complement and cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
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Frutoso M, Mair F, Prlic M. OMIP-070: NKp46-Based 27-Color Phenotyping to Define Natural Killer Cells Isolated From Human Tumor Tissues. Cytometry A 2020; 97:1052-1056. [PMID: 32978859 PMCID: PMC7702032 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This 27-color panel has been validated and optimized to comprehensively profile natural killer (NK) cells isolated from human tumors using a collagenase Type II-based digestion protocol. We confirmed that detection of protein expression by antibodies used in our final panel was not affected during tissue digestion. During this evaluation process, we found that detection of CD56, a biomarker typically used to identify NK cells, was affected substantially by collagenase-based digestion. Thus, our panel is centered around expression of NKp46, which is sufficient to identify NK cells and not affected by the tissue collagenase digestion step. Our panel further includes biomarkers used to extrapolate NK-cell maturation, differentiation, migration, homing potential, and functional state. Our panel is intended to provide in-depth characterization of human NK cells isolated from tissues, which we specifically tested using oral squamous cell carcinomas tissues, but it is compatible with other tissues that can be dissociated with a collagenase Type II-based protocol. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Frutoso
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington98109USA
| | - Florian Mair
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington98109USA
| | - Martin Prlic
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington98109USA
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Devillier R, Chrétien AS, Pagliardini T, Salem N, Blaise D, Olive D. Mechanisms of NK cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment and current clinical approaches to harness NK cell potential for immunotherapy. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:1071-1088. [PMID: 32991746 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0920-198rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are innate immune cells with inherent capabilities in both recognizing and killing cancer cells. NK cell phenotypes and functional alterations are being described with increasing precision among patients harboring various cancer types, emphasizing the critical role that NK cells play in antitumor immune responses. In addition, advances in understanding NK cell biology have improved our knowledge of such alterations, thereby expanding the potential exploitation of NK cells' anticancer capabilities. In this review, we present an overview of (1) the various types of NK cell alterations that may contribute to immune evasion in cancer patients and (2) the various strategies to improve NK cell-based anticancer immunotherapies, including pharmacologic modulation and/or genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynier Devillier
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CRCM, Marseille, France.,Immunomonitoring platform, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France.,Hematology Department, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Chrétien
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CRCM, Marseille, France.,Immunomonitoring platform, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Pagliardini
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CRCM, Marseille, France.,Immunomonitoring platform, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France.,Hematology Department, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Nassim Salem
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CRCM, Marseille, France.,Immunomonitoring platform, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Blaise
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CRCM, Marseille, France.,Immunomonitoring platform, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France.,Hematology Department, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CRCM, Marseille, France.,Immunomonitoring platform, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France
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61
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Geng Q, Rohondia SO, Khan HJ, Jiao P, Dou QP. Small molecules as antagonists of co-inhibitory pathways for cancer immunotherapy: a patent review (2018-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:677-694. [PMID: 32715813 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1801640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic antibodies blocking co-inhibitory pathways do not attack tumor cells directly, but instead bind to their targeted proteins and mobilize the immune system to eradicate tumors. However, only a small fraction of patients with certain cancer types can benefit from the antibodies. Additionally, antibodies have shown serious immune-related adverse events in certain patients. Small-molecule antagonists may be a complementary and potentially synergistic approach to antibodies for patients with various cancers. AREAS COVERED The authors review the small molecules as antagonists of co-inhibitory pathway proteins, summarize their preliminary SARs, discuss biochemistry assays used in patents for the development of small molecules as novel antagonists. EXPERT OPINION The disclosed pharmacophores of small molecules as co-inhibitory pathway antagonists are represented by biphenyl derivatives, biaryl derivatives, teraryl derivatives, quateraryl derivatives, and oxadiazole/thiadiazole derivatives. However, these antagonists are still inferior to therapeutic antibodies in their inhibitory activities due to relatively flat of human co-inhibitory pathways proteins. Allosteric modulators may be an alternative approach. The more safety and efficacy evaluation trials of small-molecule antagonists targeting co-inhibitory pathways should be performed to demonstrate the proof-of-principle that small-molecule antagonists can result in sustained safety and antitumor response in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University , Jinan, China
| | - Sagar O Rohondia
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Harras J Khan
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peifu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University , Jinan, China
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University , Detroit, MI, USA
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Yao L, Jia G, Lu L, Bao Y, Ma W. Factors affecting tumor responders and predictive biomarkers of toxicities in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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63
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Youness RA, Gad AZ, Sanber K, Ahn YJ, Lee GJ, Khallaf E, Hafez HM, Motaal AA, Ahmed N, Gad MZ. Targeting hydrogen sulphide signaling in breast cancer. J Adv Res 2020; 27:177-190. [PMID: 33318876 PMCID: PMC7728592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has been established as a key member of the gasotransmitters family that recently showed a pivotal role in various pathological conditions including cancer. Objectives This study investigated the role of H2S in breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis, on BC immune recognition capacity and the consequence of targeting H2S using non-coding RNAs. Methods Eighty BC patients have been recruited for the study. BC cell lines were cultured and transfected using validated oligonucleotide delivery system. Gene and protein expression analysis was performed using qRT-PCR, western blot and flow-cytometry. In-vitro analysis for BC hallmarks was performed using MTT, BrdU, Modified Boyden chamber, migration and colony forming assays. H2S and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Primary natural killer cells (NK cells) and T cell isolation and chimeric antigen receptor transduction (CAR T cells) were performed using appropriate kits. NK and T cells cytotoxicity was measured. Finally, computational target prediction analysis and binding confirmation analyses were performed using different software and dual luciferase assay kit, respectively. Results The H2S synthesizing enzymes, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), exhibited elevated levels in the clinical samples that correlated with tumor proliferation index. Knock-down of CBS and CSE in the HER2+ BC and triple negative BC (TNBC) cells resulted in significant attenuation of BC malignancy. In addition to increased susceptibility of HER2+ BC and TNBC to the cytotoxic activity of HER2 targeting CAR T cells and NK cells, respectively. Transcriptomic and phosphoprotein analysis revealed that H2S signaling is mediated through Akt in MCF7, STAT3 in MDA-MB-231 and miR-155/ NOS2/NO signaling in both cell lines. Lastly, miR-4317 was found to function as an upstream regulator of CBS and CSE synergistically abrogates the malignancy of BC cells. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the potential role of H2S signaling in BC pathogenesis and the potential of its targeting for disease mitigation.
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Key Words
- 41BBL, 41BB Ligand
- 51Cr-release, Chromium release assay
- BC, Breast Cancer
- Breast cancer
- CAR T cells
- CAR, Chimeric antigen receptor
- CBS, Cystathionine β-synthase
- CD80, Cluster of differentiation 80
- CD86, Cluster of differentiation 86
- CSE, Cystathionine γ-lyase
- CTL, Cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- H2S, Hydrogen sulphide
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HLA-DR, Human Leukocytic antigen DR
- Hydrogen sulphide
- IFN-γ, Interferon gamma
- KD, Knock down
- LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase Assay
- MICA/B, MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A/B
- NK, Natural killer
- NKG2D, Natural Killer Group 2D
- NO, Nitric oxide
- NOS2, Inducible nitric oxide synthase-2
- NOS3, Endothelial nitric oxide synthase-3
- Natural killer cells
- Nitric oxide
- PD-L1, Programmed death-ligand 1
- PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
- Scr-miRNAs, Scrambled microRNAs
- Scr-siRNAs, Scrambled siRNAs
- TNBC, Triple negative breast cancer
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α
- ULBP2/5/6, UL16 binding protein 2/5/6
- miR-155/NOS2/NO signaling pathway
- miR-4317
- miRNA, MicroRNA
- ncRNAs, Non-coding RNAs
- siRNAs, Small interfering RNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ahmed Youness
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zakaria Gad
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Khaled Sanber
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Jin Ahn
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ja Lee
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Emad Khallaf
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 12613 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hafez Mohamed Hafez
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 12613 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Abdel Motaal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mohamed Zakaria Gad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
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Advances in Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy: Car-T Cell, Checkpoint Inhibitors, Dendritic Cell Vaccines, and Oncolytic Viruses, and Emerging Cellular and Molecular Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071826. [PMID: 32645977 PMCID: PMC7408985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike traditional cancer therapies, such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy that are typically non-specific, cancer immunotherapy harnesses the high specificity of a patient’s own immune system to selectively kill cancer cells. The immune system is the body’s main cancer surveillance system, but cancers may evade destruction thanks to various immune-suppressing mechanisms. We therefore need to deploy various immunotherapy-based strategies to help bolster the anti-tumour immune responses. These include engineering T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to specifically recognise tumour neoantigens, inactivating immune checkpoints, oncolytic viruses and dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, which have all shown clinical benefit in certain cancers. However, treatment efficacy remains poor due to drug-induced adverse events and immunosuppressive tendencies of the tumour microenvironment. Recent preclinical studies have unveiled novel therapies such as anti-cathepsin antibodies, galectin-1 blockade and anti-OX40 agonistic antibodies, which may be utilised as adjuvant therapies to modulate the tumour microenvironment and permit more ferocious anti-tumour immune response.
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65
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Tumor Cell-Intrinsic Immunometabolism and Precision Nutrition in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071757. [PMID: 32630618 PMCID: PMC7409312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in the cancer immunotherapy field is the need to biologically rationalize and broaden the clinical utility of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The balance between metabolism and immune response has critical implications for overcoming the major weaknesses of ICIs, including their lack of universality and durability. The last decade has seen tremendous advances in understanding how the immune system's ability to kill tumor cells requires the conspicuous metabolic specialization of T-cells. We have learned that cancer cell-associated metabolic activities trigger shifts in the abundance of some metabolites with immunosuppressory roles in the tumor microenvironment. Yet very little is known about the tumor cell-intrinsic metabolic traits that control the immune checkpoint contexture in cancer cells. Likewise, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how systemic metabolic perturbations in response to dietary interventions can reprogram the immune checkpoint landscape of tumor cells. We here review state-of-the-art molecular- and functional-level interrogation approaches to uncover how cell-autonomous metabolic traits and diet-mediated changes in nutrient availability and utilization might delineate new cancer cell-intrinsic metabolic dependencies of tumor immunogenicity. We propose that clinical monitoring and in-depth molecular evaluation of the cancer cell-intrinsic metabolic traits involved in primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance to cancer immunotherapy can provide the basis for improvements in therapeutic responses to ICIs. Overall, these approaches might guide the use of metabolic therapeutics and dietary approaches as novel strategies to broaden the spectrum of cancer patients and indications that can be effectively treated with ICI-based cancer immunotherapy.
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66
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Zhang C, Liu Y. Targeting NK Cell Checkpoint Receptors or Molecules for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1295. [PMID: 32714324 PMCID: PMC7344328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade therapy, for example using antibodies against CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, relieves T cells from the suppression by inhibitory checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment; thereby achieving good outcomes in the treatment of different cancer types. Like T cells, natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory receptors function as checkpoints for NK cell activation. Upon interaction with their cognate ligands on infected cells, tumor cells, dendritic cells and regulatory T cells, signals from these receptors severely affect NK cells' activation and effector functions, resulting in NK cell exhaustion. Checkpoint inhibition with antagonistic antibodies (Abs) can rescue NK cell exhaustion and arouse their robust anti-tumor capacity. Most notably, the response to anti-PD-1 therapy can be enhanced by the increased frequency and activation of NK cells, thereby increasing the overall survival of patients with multiple types of cancer. In addition, rescue of NK cell activity could enhance adaptive T cells' anti-tumor activity. Some antagonistic Abs (e.g., anti-TIGIT and anti-NKG2A monoclonal Abs) have extraordinary potential in cancer therapy, as evidenced by their induction of potent anti-tumor immunity through recovering both NK and T cell function. In this review, we summarize the dysfunction of NK cells in the tumor microenvironment and the key NK cell checkpoint receptors or molecules that control NK cell function. We particularly focus on recent advances in the most promising strategies through blockade of NK cell checkpoints or their combination with other approaches to more effectively reject tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Ciner AT, Jones K, Muschel RJ, Brodt P. The unique immune microenvironment of liver metastases: Challenges and opportunities. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 71:143-156. [PMID: 32526354 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastases from gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal malignancies remain a major cause of cancer-related mortality and a major clinical challenge. The liver has unique properties that facilitate metastatic expansion, including a complex immune system that evolved to dampen immunity to neoantigens entering the liver from the gut, through the portal circulation. In this review, we describe the unique microenvironment encountered by cancer cells in the liver, focusing on elements of the innate and adaptive immune response that can act as a double-edge sword, contributing to the elimination of cancer cells on the one hand and promoting their survival and growth, on the other. We discuss this microenvironment in a clinical context, particularly for colorectal carcinoma, and highlight how a better understanding of the role of the microenvironment has spurred an intense effort to develop novel and innovative strategies for targeting liver metastatic disease, some of which are currently being tested in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Ciner
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Keaton Jones
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Departments of Surgery, Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Terrén I, Orrantia A, Mikelez-Alonso I, Vitallé J, Zenarruzabeitia O, Borrego F. NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020316. [PMID: 32013092 PMCID: PMC7072691 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that are able to kill tumor cells without prior sensitization. It has been shown that NK cells play a pivotal role in a variety of cancers, highlighting their relevance in tumor immunosurveillance. NK cell infiltration has been reported in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most frequent kidney cancer in adults, and their presence has been associated with patients’ survival. However, the role of NK cells in this disease is not yet fully understood. In this review, we summarize the biology of NK cells and the mechanisms through which they are able to recognize and kill tumor cells. Furthermore, we discuss the role that NK cells play in renal cell carcinoma, and review current strategies that are being used to boost and exploit their cytotoxic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Terrén
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.T.); (A.O.); (I.M.-A.); (J.V.); (O.Z.)
| | - Ane Orrantia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.T.); (A.O.); (I.M.-A.); (J.V.); (O.Z.)
| | - Idoia Mikelez-Alonso
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.T.); (A.O.); (I.M.-A.); (J.V.); (O.Z.)
- CIC biomaGUNE, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Joana Vitallé
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.T.); (A.O.); (I.M.-A.); (J.V.); (O.Z.)
| | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.T.); (A.O.); (I.M.-A.); (J.V.); (O.Z.)
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.T.); (A.O.); (I.M.-A.); (J.V.); (O.Z.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-94-600-6000 (ext. 7079)
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69
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Minetto P, Guolo F, Pesce S, Greppi M, Obino V, Ferretti E, Sivori S, Genova C, Lemoli RM, Marcenaro E. Harnessing NK Cells for Cancer Treatment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2836. [PMID: 31867006 PMCID: PMC6908847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for solid tumors and hematological malignancies. NK cells are innate lymphocytes with an array of functional competences, including anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-graft-vs.-host disease potential. The intriguing idea of harnessing such potent innate immune system effectors for cancer treatment led to the development of clinical trials based on the adoptive therapy of NK cells or on the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting the main NK cell immune checkpoints. Indeed, checkpoint immunotherapy that targets inhibitory receptors of T cells, reversing their functional blocking, marked a breakthrough in anticancer therapy, opening new approaches for cancer immunotherapy and resulted in extensive research on immune checkpoints. However, the clinical efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapy presents a series of limitations, including the inability of T cells to recognize and kill HLA-Ineg tumor cells. For these reasons, new strategies for cancer immunotherapy are now focusing on NK cells. Blockade with NK cell checkpoint inhibitors that reverse their functional block may overcome the limitations of T cell-based immunotherapy, mainly against HLA-Ineg tumor targets. Here, we discuss recent anti-tumor approaches based on mAb-mediated blocking of immune checkpoints (either restricted to NK cells or shared with T cells), used either as a single agent or in combination with other compounds, that have demonstrated promising clinical responses in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Minetto
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Guolo
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Pesce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Greppi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Obino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Sivori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Genova
- Lung Cancer Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Massimo Lemoli
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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