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Kiewisz J, Drzyzga D, Rozanska K, Krzynowek E, Lukaszuk K. Blood Antibody Titers and Adverse Reactions after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050640. [PMID: 35632396 PMCID: PMC9144155 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to measure, considering a prior history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (SCV-negative/positive), antibodies titer using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), in a serum of healthcare workers (HCW) who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccines. The local and systemic adverse reactions occurrence was checked with a self-reported questionnaire. A total of 60 SCV-negative HCW showed lower antibody titers than those presented by SCV-positive subjects (n = 7). The highest antibody level was detected 8 days after the second dose of vaccine administration. At the same time, the titer was higher in the SCV2 -positive than the SCV2-negative group and comparable after the first dose in those who became infected to the level after the second dose of those who did not. The local and systemic effects in the SCV2-negative and SCV2-positive groups appeared independent of the vaccine dose. After the second dose, systemic reactions were reported more often than the local adverse effects. Whether no effect was observed or whether the response was local or systemic, the antibody level in a specific group remains constant. These results can be helpful in the improvement of vaccination programs, controlling the occurrence of adverse and long-term effects of the vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Kiewisz
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Damian Drzyzga
- INVICTA Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland; (K.R.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-58-58-800
| | - Karolina Rozanska
- INVICTA Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland; (K.R.); (E.K.)
| | - Emilia Krzynowek
- INVICTA Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland; (K.R.); (E.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Lukaszuk
- INVICTA Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland; (K.R.); (E.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
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Lai A, Caimi B, Franzetti M, Bergna A, Velleca R, Gatti A, Rossi PL, D’Orso M, Pregliasco F, Balotta C, Calicchio G. Durability of Humoral Responses after the Second Dose of mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine in Residents of a Long Term Care Facility. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030446. [PMID: 35335078 PMCID: PMC8954729 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) have been dramatically hit by the COVID-19 pandemic on a global scale as older age and comorbidities pose an increased risk of severe disease and death. The aim of the study was to assess the quantity and durability of specific antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 after the first cycle (two doses) of BNT162b2 vaccine. To achieve this, SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific IgG (S-IgG) titers was evaluated in 432 residents of the largest Italian LTCF at months 2 and 6 after vaccination. By stratifying levels of humoral responses as high, medium, low and null, we did not find any difference when comparing the two time points; however, the median levels of antibodies halved overtime. As positive nucleocapsid serology was associated with a reduced risk of a suboptimal response at both time points, we conducted separate analyses accordingly. In subjects with positive serology, the median level of anti-S IgG slightly increased at the second time point, while a significant reduction was observed in patients without previous exposure to the virus. At month 6, diabetes alone was associated with an increased risk of impaired response. Our data provide additional insights into the longitudinal dynamics of the immune response to BNT162b2 vaccination in the elderly, highlighting the need for SARS-CoV-2 antibody monitoring following third-dose administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lai
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-025-0319-775
| | - Barbara Caimi
- Azienda Servizi alla Persona, Istituti Milanesi Martinitt e Stelline e Pio Albergo Trivulzio, 20146 Milan, Italy; (B.C.); (R.V.); (A.G.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco Franzetti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Legnano General Hospital, ASST Ovest Milanese, 20025 Legnano, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Bergna
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Rossella Velleca
- Azienda Servizi alla Persona, Istituti Milanesi Martinitt e Stelline e Pio Albergo Trivulzio, 20146 Milan, Italy; (B.C.); (R.V.); (A.G.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Antonella Gatti
- Azienda Servizi alla Persona, Istituti Milanesi Martinitt e Stelline e Pio Albergo Trivulzio, 20146 Milan, Italy; (B.C.); (R.V.); (A.G.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Pier Luigi Rossi
- Azienda Servizi alla Persona, Istituti Milanesi Martinitt e Stelline e Pio Albergo Trivulzio, 20146 Milan, Italy; (B.C.); (R.V.); (A.G.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco D’Orso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Pregliasco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Claudia Balotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Calicchio
- Azienda Servizi alla Persona, Istituti Milanesi Martinitt e Stelline e Pio Albergo Trivulzio, 20146 Milan, Italy; (B.C.); (R.V.); (A.G.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.)
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Papadokostaki E, Tentolouris A, Anastasiou IA, Psichogiou M, Iliaki E, Eleftheriadou I, Hatzakis A, Tentolouris N. Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in People with Diabetes: A Prospective Observational Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030382. [PMID: 35335014 PMCID: PMC8954340 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy against severe SARS-CoV-2. However, data regarding immune response in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) after vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine are limited. In this prospective observational study, we examined humoral immune response in participants with and without DM after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. A total of 174 participants (58 with and 116 without diabetes, matched for age) were included. Antibodies were measured 21 days after the first dose, 7−15 days after the second dose, and 70−75 days after the second and before the third dose of the vaccine. Antibodies were measured by an anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain IgG (Abs-RBD-IgG) assay by a chemiluminescent microparticle immune assay; values > 50 AU/mL are considered protective from severe disease. Almost 17% of participants with DM did not develop adequate humoral immune response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine after the first dose; however, it was high and similar after the second dose in both participants with and without DM and remained so almost 2 months after the second dose of the vaccine. Geometric mean values of Abs-RBD-IgG were not significantly different between participants with and without DM during the study. At least two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine are necessary to ensure adequate and sustainable immune response in people with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadokostaki
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (A.T.); (I.A.A.); (I.E.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 715 00 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anastasios Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (A.T.); (I.A.A.); (I.E.)
| | - Ioanna A. Anastasiou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (A.T.); (I.A.A.); (I.E.)
| | - Mina Psichogiou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Iliaki
- Microbiology Department, General Hospital of Heraklion, Venizeleio, 714 09 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (A.T.); (I.A.A.); (I.E.)
| | - Angelos Hatzakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece;
- Hellenic Scientific Society for the Study of AIDS, Sexually Transmitted and Emerging Diseases, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (A.T.); (I.A.A.); (I.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-213-206-1061
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Thomas S, Ouhtit A, Al Khatib HA, Eid AH, Mathew S, Nasrallah GK, Emara MM, Al Maslamani MA, Yassine HM. Burden and Disease Pathogenesis of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses in Diabetic Patients. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:412-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Associated Factors among Diabetes Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Changzhi, Shanxi, China. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10010129. [PMID: 35062790 PMCID: PMC8778010 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection, but vaccine hesitancy is a problem in this population. We investigated the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy among diabetes patients in China through a cross-sectional survey from April and August 2021 using a questionnaire administered to patients at two hospitals affiliated with Changzhi Medical College (Shanxi, China). The health belief model (HBM) is used examining factors influencing vaccine hesitancy. After adjusting for potential confounders, a multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze correlations between vaccine hesitancy and associated factors. Of the 483 participants, 56.4% (273/483) had vaccine hesitancy, including 58.2% (159/273) who were unsure of being vaccinated and 41.8% (114/273) who were unwilling. Although patients considered SARS-CoV-2 infection to be serious (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.36–6.42; p < 0.001), they had concerns about vaccine safety (aOR = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.89–4.91; p < 0.001). Relatives’ vaccination status did not influence participants’ willingness to be vaccinated (aOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.39–4.25; p < 0.001). Disagreement with physicians’ view that vaccination can reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection risk was independently correlated with vaccine hesitancy (aOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.28–3.95; p < 0.001). Diabetes patients in China need to be educated on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safety and protective effects to increase the vaccination rate in this population.
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Tao Z. Effect of Comorbid Diabetes on Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Infected by the Wild-Type or Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:861443. [PMID: 35600601 PMCID: PMC9114728 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.861443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the most common comorbidities in COVID-19 patients that pertains to disease severity, but the causal mechanism regarding its negative impact on COVID-19 outcome has yet been uncovered. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 459 COVID-19 patients admitted in early 2020 and 336 COVID-19 patients admitted in August 2021, with their demographic information, medical history, vaccination status (if applied), and laboratory data reported. RESULTS Among COVID-19 patients, compared to the non-diabetic group, the diabetic group exhibited elder age, higher proportion of patients with other major comorbidities, more severe dysfunction of innate immune cells, more refractory blood coagulopathy and more detrimental organ damage. For the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection, diabetic comorbidity was associated with COVID-19 severity but not mortality, and the glycemic levels in the non-diabetic group upon infection experienced high and analogous to those in the diabetic group. Besides, infected by the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, the non-diabetic patients did not demonstrate hyperglycemia, and despite different vaccination statuses, the diabetic patients exhibited comparable antibody responses to non-diabetic, showing the robustness of acquired immunity. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infection may superimpose the deterioration of innate immune systems in diabetic patients, which contributes to their worsened disease outcome, but timely COVID-19 immunization could provide adequate protection in diabetic population that leads to favored prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jinhui Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhimin Tao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Ali H, Alahmad B, Al-Shammari AA, Alterki A, Hammad M, Cherian P, Alkhairi I, Sindhu S, Thanaraj TA, Mohammad A, Alghanim G, Deverajan S, Ahmad R, El-Shazly S, Dashti AA, Shehab M, Al-Sabah S, Alkandari A, Abubaker J, Abu-Farha M, Al-Mulla F. Previous COVID-19 Infection and Antibody Levels After Vaccination. Front Public Health 2021; 9:778243. [PMID: 34926392 PMCID: PMC8671167 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.778243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The emergence of new COVID-19 variants of concern coupled with a global inequity in vaccine access and distribution has prompted many public health authorities to circumvent the vaccine shortages by altering vaccination protocols and prioritizing persons at high risk. Individuals with previous COVID-19 infection may not have been prioritized due to existing humoral immunity. Objective: We aimed to study the association between previous COVID-19 infection and antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A serological analysis to measure SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies was performed on individuals who received one or two doses of either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 vaccines in Kuwait. A Student t-test was performed and followed by generalized linear regression models adjusted for individual characteristics and comorbidities were fitted to compare the average levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies between vaccinated individuals with and without previous COVID-19 infection. Results: A total of 1,025 individuals were recruited. The mean levels of IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies were higher in vaccinated subjects with previous COVID-19 infections than in those without previous infection. Regression analysis showed a steeper slope of decline for IgG and neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated individuals without previous COVID-19 infection compared to those with previous COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: Previous COVID-19 infection appeared to elicit robust and sustained levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in vaccinated individuals. Given the inconsistent supply of COVID-19 vaccines in many countries due to inequities in global distribution, our results suggest that even greater efforts should be made to vaccinate more people, especially individuals without previous COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center (HSC), Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abdullah A. Al-Shammari
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Kuwait University, Khaldiya, Kuwait
| | - Abdulmohsen Alterki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zain and Al-Sabah Hospitals, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Maha Hammad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Preethi Cherian
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Irina Alkhairi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | | | - Anwar Mohammad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Ghazi Alghanim
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sriraman Deverajan
- National Dasman Diabetes Biobank, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sherief El-Shazly
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center (HSC), Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Ali A. Dashti
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center (HSC), Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Shehab
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Salman Al-Sabah
- COVID-19 Research Group, Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Abdullah Alkandari
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
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